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Liang JF, Qin XD, Huang XH, Fan ZP, Zhi YY, Xu JW, Chen F, Pan ZL, Chen YF, Zheng CB, Lu J. Glycyrrhetinic Acid Triggers a Protective Autophagy by Inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Neuroscience 2024:S0306-4522(24)00283-5. [PMID: 38964451 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a common feature of ischemic stroke leading to a poor prognosis. Effective treatments targeting I/R injury are still insufficient. The study aimed to investigate the mechanisms, by which glycyrrhizic acid (18β-GA) in ameliorates CIRI. Our results showed that 18β-GA significantly decreased the infarct volume, neurological deficit scores, and pathological changes in the brain tissue of rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Western blotting showed that 18β-GA inhibited the expression levels of phosphorylated JAK2 and phosphorylated STAT3. Meanwhile, 18β-GA increased LC3-II protein levels in a reperfusion duration-dependent manner, which was accompanied by an increase in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Inhibition of 18β-GA-induced autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) enhanced apoptotic cell death. In addition, 18β-GA inhibited the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, which was largely activated in response to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation. However, the JAK2/STAT3 activator colivelin TFA abolished the inhibitory effect of 18β-GA, suppressed autophagy, and significantly decreased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Taken together, these findings suggested that 18β-GA pretreatment ameliorated CIRI partly by triggering a protective autophagy via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Therefore might be a potential drug candidate for treating ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Molecular Discovery and Druggability Optimization, School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Molecular Discovery and Druggability Optimization, School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangzhou University, Ghuangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xue-Hong Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Molecular Discovery and Druggability Optimization, School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Zi-Ping Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Molecular Discovery and Druggability Optimization, School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Yong-Ying Zhi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Molecular Discovery and Druggability Optimization, School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Jia-Wei Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Molecular Discovery and Druggability Optimization, School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Fangmei Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Molecular Discovery and Druggability Optimization, School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Zhi-Li Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Molecular Discovery and Druggability Optimization, School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Yi-Fei Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Molecular Discovery and Druggability Optimization, School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Chang-Bo Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Molecular Discovery and Druggability Optimization, School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Molecular Discovery and Druggability Optimization, School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
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Tozihi M, Shademan B, Yousefi H, Avci CB, Nourazarian A, Dehghan G. Melatonin: a promising neuroprotective agent for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1227513. [PMID: 37600520 PMCID: PMC10436333 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1227513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury is initiated by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads to the oxidation of cellular proteins, DNA, and lipids as an initial event. The reperfusion process impairs critical cascades that support cell survival, including mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant enzyme activity. Failure to activate prosurvival signals may result in increased neuronal cell death and exacerbation of CIR damage. Melatonin, a hormone produced naturally in the body, has high concentrations in both the cerebrospinal fluid and the brain. However, melatonin production declines significantly with age, which may contribute to the development of age-related neurological disorders due to reduced levels. By activating various signaling pathways, melatonin can affect multiple aspects of human health due to its diverse range of activities. Therefore, understanding the underlying intracellular and molecular mechanisms is crucial before investigating the neuroprotective effects of melatonin in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Tozihi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrouz Shademan
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Yousefi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, EGE University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Dehghan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Bourdenx M, Dehay B. [Autophagy and brain: the case of neurodegenerative diseases]. Med Sci (Paris) 2017; 33:268-274. [PMID: 28367813 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20173303013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The autophagy-lysosome system is an essential pathway to get rid of unwanted cellular components (proteins and organelles). The brain, and specifically neurons, are very sensitive to abnormalities of the proteome because altered proteins or damaged organelles cannot be diluted by cell division that does not occur in these cells. Most neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by accumulation of undegraded misfolded proteins and are currently associated with autophagy-lysosome dysfunctions. Recent studies have highlighted the modulation of this complex pathway as a putative therapeutic strategy. This review provides an update on the brain-related specificities and dysfunctions of this pathway and discusses the autophagy-based therapies couteracting neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bourdenx
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des maladies neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France - CNRS, Institut des maladies neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Benjamin Dehay
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des maladies neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France - CNRS, Institut des maladies neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Joubert PE, Pombo Grégoire I, Meiffren G, Rabourdin-Combe C, Faure M. [Autophagy and pathogens: «Bon appétit Messieurs!»]. Med Sci (Paris) 2011; 27:41-7. [PMID: 21299961 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/201127141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved, self-degradative pathway for clearance and recycling of cytoplasmic contents. This ubiquitous cell intrinsic process can be used as a defence mechanism against intracellular pathogens. Indeed autophagy is increased upon pathogen detection, and experimental extinction in vitro and in vivo of this cellular process has been demonstrated as a crucial role to control intracellular pathogens. Co-evolution between host-cells and pathogens has selected numerous micoorganisms able to avoid or usurp autophagy to their own benefit. Understanding mechanisms underlying the anti-microbial properties of autophagy as well as those used by certain pathogens to escape this cellular process might be crucial to manipulate this cellular function in order to prevent or treat infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Emmanuel Joubert
- Inserm U851, Université de Lyon 1, IFR128, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69365 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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