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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common complications in diabetes mellitus and accounts for a large proportion of clinical nephrology practice. Studies have shown that the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) may be involved in several pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to DKD, including oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and profibrotic autacoids. This review focuses on recent research advance on the potential role of the KKS in the development of DKD and its clinical relevance. RECENT FINDINGS A number of recent studies support the idea that there is a protective role of the KKS in diabetes. For example, agents that activate the KKS have shown strong renal protective effects that might highlight its potential to change the clinical practice. In addition, diabetic mice lacking both bradykinin B2 and B1 receptors have worse kidney lesions as compared with wild-type diabetic mice. SUMMARY Current basic research has demonstrated that pharmacological activation of the KKS improves renal outcomes in diabetes. These findings suggest that this system may be a therapeutic target in preventing and treating DKD.
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Mezni I, Galichon P, Bacha MM, Sfar I, Hertig A, Goucha R, Xu-Dubois YC, Abderrahim E, Gorgi Y, Rondeau E, Abdallah TB. [The epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis of the renal transplant]. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:68-74. [PMID: 25658733 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153101015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which differentiated epithelial cells undergo a phenotypic conversion and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype, including elongated morphology, enhanced migratory and invasion capacity, and greatly increased production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. This phenomenon plays a pivotal role in embryonic development, wound healing and tissue regeneration. It has also been involved in organ fibrosis. Some studies suggest that following injury, renal tubular epithelial cells undergo reprograming in mesenchymal cells, and thus constitute an important source of de novo myofibroblasts invading the renal interstitium and contributing to fibrosis. However, an increasing number of studies raise doubts about the existence of this process in vivo. The role of EMT in the development of renal fibrosis remains a matter of intense debate and may depend on the model studied. In this review, we describe the role of EMT in the development of fibrosis of renal graft, and then we propose approaches for detecting and treating renal fibrogenesis by targeting TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Mezni
- Inserm UMR_S 1155, des maladies rénales rares aux maladies fréquentes, remodelage et réparation, hôpital Tenon, bâtiment recherche, 4, rue la Chine, 75020 Paris, France - laboratoire de recherche d'immunologie de la transplantation rénale et d'immunopathologie (LR03SP01), EPS Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Pierre Galichon
- Inserm UMR_S 1155, des maladies rénales rares aux maladies fréquentes, remodelage et réparation, hôpital Tenon, bâtiment recherche, 4, rue la Chine, 75020 Paris, France - urgences néphrologiques et transplantation rénale, APHP, hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Mongi Bacha
- laboratoire de recherche d'immunologie de la transplantation rénale et d'immunopathologie (LR03SP01), EPS Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisie - service de médecine interne A, EPS Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Imen Sfar
- laboratoire de recherche d'immunologie de la transplantation rénale et d'immunopathologie (LR03SP01), EPS Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Alexandre Hertig
- Inserm UMR_S 1155, des maladies rénales rares aux maladies fréquentes, remodelage et réparation, hôpital Tenon, bâtiment recherche, 4, rue la Chine, 75020 Paris, France - urgences néphrologiques et transplantation rénale, APHP, hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Rim Goucha
- laboratoire de recherche d'immunologie de la transplantation rénale et d'immunopathologie (LR03SP01), EPS Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisie - service de médecine interne A, EPS Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Yi-Chun Xu-Dubois
- Inserm UMR_S 1155, des maladies rénales rares aux maladies fréquentes, remodelage et réparation, hôpital Tenon, bâtiment recherche, 4, rue la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | | | - Yousr Gorgi
- laboratoire de recherche d'immunologie de la transplantation rénale et d'immunopathologie (LR03SP01), EPS Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Eric Rondeau
- Inserm UMR_S 1155, des maladies rénales rares aux maladies fréquentes, remodelage et réparation, hôpital Tenon, bâtiment recherche, 4, rue la Chine, 75020 Paris, France - urgences néphrologiques et transplantation rénale, APHP, hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Taieb Ben Abdallah
- laboratoire de recherche d'immunologie de la transplantation rénale et d'immunopathologie (LR03SP01), EPS Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisie - service de médecine interne A, EPS Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisie
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Gonzalez J, Essig M, Klein J, Caubet C, Dissard R, Bascands JL, Schanstra JP, Buffin-Meyer B. [Renal urinary shear stress: a novel actor in nephropathies]. Med Sci (Paris) 2013; 29:279-85. [PMID: 23544382 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2013293014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of fluid shear stress is well established in vascular pathophysiology. However, urinary shear stress now also appears as a key mechanism in the regulation of renal function. In addition, there is a growing body of evidence showing that modified urinary shear stress is involved in the development of nephropathies. Therefore we review here the state-of-the-art on the pathophysiological roles of urinary shear stress.
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Miravète M, Dissard R, Klein J, Gonzalez J, Caubet C, Pecher C, Pipy B, Bascands JL, Mercier-Bonin M, Schanstra JP, Buffin-Meyer B. Renal tubular fluid shear stress facilitates monocyte activation toward inflammatory macrophages. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 302:F1409-17. [PMID: 22419690 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00409.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Modified urinary fluid shear stress (FSS) induced by variations of urinary fluid flow and composition is observed in early phases of most kidney diseases. Recently, we reported that renal tubular FSS promotes endothelial cell activation and subsequent adhesion of human monocytes, thereby suggesting that changes in urinary FSS can induce the development of inflammation (Miravète M, Klein J, Besse-Patin A, Gonzalez J, Pecher C, Bascands JL, Mercier-Bonin M, Schanstra JP, Buffin-Meyer B, BBRC 407: 813-817, 2011). Here, we evaluated the influence of tubular FSS on monocytes as they play an important role in the progression of inflammation in nephropathies. Human renal tubular cells (HK-2) were exposed to FSS 0.01 Pa for 30 min or 5 h. Treatment of human THP-1 monocytes with the resulting conditioned medium (FSS-CM) modified the expression of macrophage differentiation markers, suggesting differentiation toward the inflammatory M1-type macrophage. The effect was confirmed in freshly isolated human monocytes. In contrast to endothelial cells, the activation of monocytes by FSS-CM did not require TNF-α. Cytokine array analysis of FSS-CM showed that FSS modified secretion of cytokines by HK-2 cells, particularly by increasing secretion of TGF-β and by decreasing secretion of C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). Neutralization of TGF-β or CCL2 supplementation attenuated the effect of FSS-CM on macrophage differentiation. Finally, FSS-injured HK-2 cells expressed and secreted early biomarkers of tubular damage such as kidney injury molecule 1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. In conclusion, changes in urinary FSS should now also be considered as potential insults for tubular cells that initiate/perpetuate interstitial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Miravète
- INSERM U1048/I2MC-Equipe 12, 2Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Instituteof Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1 Av. Jean Poulhès, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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