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Bauer A, Madela J, Berg C, Daugvilaite V, Gurka S, Mages HW, Kroczek RA, Rosenkilde MM, Voigt S. Rat cytomegalovirus-encoded γ-chemokine vXCL1 is a highly adapted, species-specific agonist for rat XCR1-positive dendritic cells. J Cell Sci 2019; 133:jcs.236190. [PMID: 31649144 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.236190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) expressing the chemokine receptor XCR1 are specialized in antigen cross-presentation to control infections with intracellular pathogens. XCR1-positive (XCR1+) DCs are attracted by XCL1, a γ-chemokine secreted by activated CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells. Rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) is the only virus known to encode a viral XCL1 analog (vXCL1) that competes for XCR1 binding with the endogenous chemokine. Here we show that vXCL1 from two different RCMV strains, as well as endogenous rat XCL1 (rXCL1) bind to and induce chemotaxis exclusively in rat XCR1+ DCs. Whereas rXCL1 activates the XCR1 Gi signaling pathway in rats and humans, both of the vXCL1s function as species-specific agonists for rat XCR1. In addition, we demonstrate constitutive internalization of XCR1 in XCR1-transfected HEK293A cells and in splenic XCR1+ DCs. This internalization was independent of β-arrestin 1 and 2 and was enhanced after binding of vXCL1 and rXCL1; however, vXCL1 appeared to be a stronger agonist. These findings suggest a decreased surface expression of XCR1 during DC cultivation at 37°C, and subsequent impairment of chemotactic activity and XCR1+ DC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bauer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Madela
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Berg
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Viktorija Daugvilaite
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephanie Gurka
- Molecular Immunology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Werner Mages
- Centre for biological threats and special pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Voigt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany .,Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Bockaert J. [G-protein coupled receptors. Nobel Prize 2012 for chemistry to Robert J. Lefkowitz and Brian Kobilka]. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:1133-7. [PMID: 23290416 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20122812026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2012 Nobel Prize for chemistry has been won by Robert J. Lefkowitz and Brian Kobilka for their work on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Those receptors (3% of human genome) evolutionary are derived from one 1 or 2 ancestors and are able to recognize external message as different as light, odorants, gustative molecules and intercellular messages such as hormones and neurotransmitters. They are targets of 30-40% of therapeutic drugs. Robert J. Lefkowitz has been one of the leaders of the field from more than 40 years and has built several key concepts of the domain. Brian Kobilka was successful, in 2007, in producing a crystal structure of the β2-adrenergic receptor. This paved the way for the production of a series of almost 50 GPCR crystal structures both in inactive and active forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Bockaert
- CNRS UMR 5203, Institut de génomique fonctionnelle, Inserm U661, Université de Montpellier 1 et 2, 34000 Montpellier, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Galzi
- Département biotechnologie et signalisation cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, École supérieure de biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Illkirch Cedex, France.
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Kniazeff J, Pin JP. Des dimères et des oligomères de récepteurs couplés aux protéines G, oui mais pourquoi ? Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:858-63. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20122810014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Sebag JA, Pantel J. Ciblage thérapeutique des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:845-51. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20122810012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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