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Gu Z, Sun Y, Wu F. Mechanism of Growth Regulation of Yeast Involving Hydrogen Sulfide From S-Propargyl-Cysteine Catalyzed by Cystathionine-γ-Lyase. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:679563. [PMID: 34276612 PMCID: PMC8285084 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.679563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi are recognized as a progressive threat to humans, particularly those with the immunocompromised condition. The growth of fungi is controlled by several factors, one of which is signaling molecules, such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which was traditionally regarded as a toxic gas without physiological function. However, recent studies have revealed that H2S is produced enzymatically and endogenously in several species, where it serves as a gaseous signaling molecule performing a variety of critical biological functions. However, the influence of this endogenous H2S on the biological activities occurring within the pathogenic fungi, such as transcriptomic and phenotypic alternations, has not been elucidated so far. Therefore, the present study was aimed to decipher this concern by utilizing S-propargyl-cysteine (SPRC) as a novel and stable donor of H2S and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a fungal model. The results revealed that the yeast could produce H2S by catabolizing SPRC, which facilitated the growth of the yeast cells. This implies that the additional intracellularly generated H2S is generated primarily from the enhanced sulfur-amino-acid-biosynthesis pathways and serves to increase the growth rate of the yeast, and presumably the growth of the other fungi as well. In addition, by deciphering the implicated pathways and analyzing the in vitro enzymatic activities, cystathionine-γ-lyase (CYS3) was identified as the enzyme responsible for catabolizing SPRC into H2S in the yeast, which suggested that cystathionine-γ-lyase might play a significant role in the regulation of H2S-related transcriptomic and phenotypic alterations occurring in yeast. These findings provide important information regarding the mechanism underlying the influence of the gaseous signaling molecules such as H2S on fungal growth. In addition, the findings provide a better insight to the in vivo metabolism of H2S-related drugs, which would be useful for the future development of anti-fungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongkai Gu
- The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feizhen Wu
- The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Bach S, Colas P, Blondel M. [Budding yeast, a model and a tool… also for biomedical research]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:504-514. [PMID: 32452373 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast has been used for thousands of years as a leavening agent and for alcoholic fermentation, but it is only in 1857 that Louis Pasteur described the microorganism at the basis of these two tremendously important economic activities. From there, yeast strains could be selected and modified on a rational basis to optimize these uses, thereby also allowing the development of yeast as a popular eukaryotic model system. This model led to a cornucopia of seminal discoveries in cell biology. For about two decades yeast has also been used as a model and a tool for therapeutic research, from the production of therapeutics and the development of diagnostic tools to the identification of new therapeutic targets, drug candidates and chemical probes. These diverse chemobiological applications of yeast are presented and discussed in the present review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bach
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8227, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins, Station Biologique de Roscoff, place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France - Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR2424, Plateforme de criblage KISSf, Station Biologique de Roscoff, place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Pierre Colas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8227, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins, Station Biologique de Roscoff, place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Marc Blondel
- Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, UMR1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France - CHRU Brest, service de génétique clinique et de biologie de la reproduction, F-29200 Brest, France
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Sneaking Out for Happy Hour: Yeast-Based Approaches to Explore and Modulate Immune Response and Immune Evasion. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090667. [PMID: 31480411 PMCID: PMC6770942 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens (virus, bacteria, fungi, or parasites) have developed a wide variety of mechanisms to evade their host immune system. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has successfully been used to decipher some of these immune evasion strategies. This includes the cis-acting mechanism that limits the expression of the oncogenic Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-encoded EBNA1 and thus of antigenic peptides derived from this essential but highly antigenic viral protein. Studies based on budding yeast have also revealed the molecular bases of epigenetic switching or recombination underlying the silencing of all except one members of extended families of genes that encode closely related and highly antigenic surface proteins. This mechanism is exploited by several parasites (that include pathogens such as Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, Candida, or Pneumocystis) to alternate their surface antigens, thereby evading the immune system. Yeast can itself be a pathogen, and pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans, which is phylogenetically very close to S. cerevisiae, have developed stealthiness strategies that include changes in their cell wall composition, or epitope-masking, to control production or exposure of highly antigenic but essential polysaccharides in their cell wall. Finally, due to the high antigenicity of its cell wall, yeast has been opportunistically exploited to create adjuvants and vectors for vaccination.
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Barette C, Soleilhac E, Charavay C, Cochet C, Fauvarque MO. [Strength and specificity of the CMBA screening platform for bioactive molecules discovery]. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:423-31. [PMID: 25958761 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153104017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Used as powerful chemical probes in Life science fundamental research, the application potential of new bioactive molecular entities includes but extends beyond their development as therapeutic drugs in pharmacology. In this review, we wish to point out the methodology of chemical libraries screening on living cells or purified proteins at the CMBA academic platform of Grenoble Alpes University, and strategies employed to further characterize the selected bioactive molecules by phenotypic profiling on human cells. Multiple application fields are concerned by the screening activity developed at CMBA with bioactive molecules previously selected for their potential as tools for fundamental research purpose, therapeutic candidates to treat cancer or infection, or promising compounds for production of bioenergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Barette
- Université Grenoble Alpes ; CEA-Direction des sciences du vivant, Institut de recherches en technologies et sciences pour le vivant, iRTSV-BGE-CMBA, CEA-Grenoble; Inserm UMRS_1038, 17, rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Emmanuelle Soleilhac
- Université Grenoble Alpes ; CEA-Direction des sciences du vivant, Institut de recherches en technologies et sciences pour le vivant, iRTSV-BGE-CMBA, CEA-Grenoble; Inserm UMRS_1038, 17, rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Céline Charavay
- Université Grenoble Alpes ; CEA-Direction des sciences du vivant, Institut de recherches en technologies et sciences pour le vivant, iRTSV-BGE-CMBA, CEA-Grenoble; Inserm UMRS_1038, 17, rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Claude Cochet
- Université Grenoble Alpes ; CEA-Direction des sciences du vivant, Institut de recherches en technologies et sciences pour le vivant, BCI ; Inserm UMRS_1036, iRTSV-BCI-KIN, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Marie-Odile Fauvarque
- Université Grenoble Alpes ; CEA-Direction des sciences du vivant, Institut de recherches en technologies et sciences pour le vivant, iRTSV-BGE-CMBA, CEA-Grenoble; Inserm UMRS_1038, 17, rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Lafanechère L, Maréchal E, Guillemot JC. [Chemical biology: cross-border strategies]. Med Sci (Paris) 2014; 30:1059-60. [PMID: 25537028 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20143012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Lafanechère
- Institut Albert Bonniot, CRI Inserm/UJF U823, département différenciation et transformation cellulaire, rond-point de la Chantourne, 38706 La Tronche Cedex, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- UMR 5168 CNRS-CEA-INRA-Université Grenoble Alpes, institut de recherches en technologies et sciences pour le vivant, CEA-Grenoble, 17, rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Claude Guillemot
- AFMB (architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques), Polytech-Marseille, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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Abstract
Defects in mitochondrial genome can cause a wide range of clinical disorders, mainly neuromuscular diseases. Various strategies have been proposed to address these pathologies; unfortunately no efficient treatment is currently available. In some cases, defects may be rescued by targeting into mitochondria nuclear DNA-expressed counterparts of the affected molecules. Another strategy is based on the induced shift of the heteroplasmy, meaning that wild type and mutated mtDNA can coexist in a single cell. The occurrence and severity of the disease depend on the heteroplasmy level, therefore, several approaches have been recently proposed to selectively reduce the levels of mutant mtDNA. Here we describe the experimental systems used to study the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunctions: the respiratory deficient yeast strains, mammalian trans-mitochondrial cybrid cells and mice models, and overview the recent advances in development of various therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Tonin
- UMR 7156, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 21, rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nina Entelis
- UMR 7156, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 21, rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg, France
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