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Kmentová N, Cruz-Laufer AJ, Pariselle A, Smeets K, Artois T, Vanhove MPM. Dactylogyridae 2022: a meta-analysis of phylogenetic studies and generic diagnoses of parasitic flatworms using published genetic and morphological data. Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:427-457. [PMID: 35245493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dactylogyridae is one of the most studied families of parasitic flatworms with more than 1000 species and 166 genera described to date including ecto- and endoparasites. Dactylogyrid monogeneans were suggested as model organisms for host-parasite macroevolutionary and biogeographical studies due to the scientific and economic importance of some of their host lineages. Consequently, an array of phylogenetic research into different dactylogyrid lineages has been produced over the past years but the last family-wide study was published 16 years ago. Here, we provide a meta-analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of Dactylogyridae including representatives of all genera with available molecular data (n=67). First, we investigate the systematic informativeness of morphological characters widely used to diagnose dactylogyrid genera through a parsimony analysis of the characters, character mapping, and phylogenetic comparative methods. Second, we provide an overview of the current state of the systematics of the family and its subfamilies, and summarise potentially poly- and paraphyletic genera. Third, we elaborate on the implications of taxonomic, citation, and confirmation bias in past studies. Fourth, we discuss host range, biogeographical, and freshwater-marine patterns. We found two well-supported macroclades which we assigned to the subfamilies Dactylogyrinae and Ancyrocephalinae. These subfamilies further include 16 well-supported clades with only a few synapomorphies that could be deduced from generic diagnoses in the literature. Furthermore, few morphological characters considered systematically informative at the genus level display a strong phylogenetic signal. However, the parsimony analysis suggests that these characters provide little information on the relationships between genera. We conclude that a strong taxonomic bias and low coverage of DNA sequences and regions limit knowledge on morphological and biogeographical evolutionary patterns that can be inferred from these results. We propose addressing potential citation and confirmation biases through a 'level playing field' multiple sequence alignment as provided by this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Kmentová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic; Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Armando J Cruz-Laufer
- Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Antoine Pariselle
- ISEM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier, France; Laboratory "Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome", Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, 4 avenue Ibn Batouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Karen Smeets
- Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tom Artois
- Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Maarten P M Vanhove
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic; Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Truter M, Hadfield KA, Weyl OLF, Smit NJ. Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae (Yin & Sproston, 1948) from the giant mottled eel Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824, in the Phongolo River, South Africa: an invader on the African continent. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:1247-1268. [PMID: 33544226 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The global invasive anguillid gill parasite Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae (Yin and Sproston, 1948) has only recently been documented from eels in South Africa. As there is no known eel trade in South Africa, the source of introduction of this parasite has been debated, and its status as an alien parasite was rendered uncertain. We report on the first infection of Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae from the giant mottled eel Anguilla marmorata from the Phongolo River (South Africa) using classic morphological and molecular methodologies and clarify the introduction status category of this parasite as alien and invasive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marliese Truter
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa. .,DSI/NRF Research Chair in Inland Fisheries and Freshwater Ecology, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, 6139, South Africa.
| | - Kerry A Hadfield
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Olaf L F Weyl
- DSI/NRF Research Chair in Inland Fisheries and Freshwater Ecology, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, 6139, South Africa
| | - Nico J Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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Justine JL, Poddubnaya LG. Spermiogenesis and spermatozoon ultrastructure in basal polyopisthocotylean monogeneans, Hexabothriidae and Chimaericolidae, and their significance for the phylogeny of the Monogenea. Parasite 2018; 25:7. [PMID: 29436366 PMCID: PMC5811217 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2018007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm ultrastructure provides morphological characters useful for understanding phylogeny; no study was available for two basal branches of the Polyopisthocotylea, the Chimaericolidea and Diclybothriidea. We describe here spermiogenesis and sperm in Chimaericola leptogaster (Chimaericolidae) and Rajonchocotyle emarginata (Hexabothriidae), and sperm in Callorhynchocotyle callorhynchi (Hexabothriidae). Spermiogenesis in C. leptogaster and R. emarginata shows the usual pattern of most Polyopisthocotylea with typical zones of differentiation and proximo-distal fusion of the flagella. In all three species, the structure of the spermatozoon is biflagellate, with two incorporated trepaxonematan 9 + "1" axonemes and a posterior nucleus. However, unexpected structures were also seen. An alleged synapomorphy of the Polyopisthocotylea is the presence of a continuous row of longitudinal microtubules in the nuclear region. The sperm of C. leptogaster has a posterior part with a single axoneme, and the part with the nucleus is devoid of the continuous row of microtubules. The spermatozoon of R. emarginata has an anterior region with membrane ornamentation, and posterior lateral microtubules are absent. The spermatozoon of C. callorhynchi has transverse sections with only dorsal and ventral microtubules, and its posterior part shows flat sections containing a single axoneme and the nucleus. These findings have important implications for phylogeny and for the definition of synapomorphies in the Neodermata. We point out a series of discrepancies between actual data and interpretation of character states in the matrix of a phylogeny of the Monogenea. Our main conclusion is that the synapomorphy "lateral microtubules in the principal region of the spermatozoon" does not define the Polyopisthocotylea but is restricted to the Mazocraeidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Lou Justine
- Institut Systématique Évolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE,
57 rue Cuvier, CP 51,
75005
Paris France
| | - Larisa G. Poddubnaya
- I. D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences,
152742
Borok, Yaroslavl Russia
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Zolovs M, Deksne G, Daukšte J, Aizups J, Kirjušina M. Morphometric Analysis of the Hard Parts of Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae and Pseudodactylogyrus bini (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) on the Gill Apparatus of the European Eels ( Anguilla anguilla ) from the Freshwaters of Latvia. J Parasitol 2016; 102:388-94. [PMID: 26741978 DOI: 10.1645/15-789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the spatial distribution and measured the hard parts of the attachment apparatuses and reproductive organs of the 2 eel-specific monogenean species Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae and Pseudodactylogyrus bini. Comparative analysis focused on parasite microhabitats within the gill apparatus. Additionally, we compared the morphometric characteristics of the monogeneans based on geographical locality and seasonality. The attachment apparatus and reproductive organ characteristics of the monogeneans were similar in all gill apparatus microhabitats. However, measurements differed significantly between localities and between seasons, with the results suggesting that abiotic factors play a larger role in determining parasite morphology than do the gill microhabitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksims Zolovs
- Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, Par-ādes 1A, Daugavpils, Latvia LV-5401
| | - Gunita Deksne
- Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, Par-ādes 1A, Daugavpils, Latvia LV-5401
| | - Janīna Daukšte
- Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, Par-ādes 1A, Daugavpils, Latvia LV-5401
| | - Jānis Aizups
- Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, Par-ādes 1A, Daugavpils, Latvia LV-5401
| | - Muza Kirjušina
- Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, Par-ādes 1A, Daugavpils, Latvia LV-5401
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Wu XY, Zhu XQ, Xie MQ, Li AX. The radiation of Haliotrema (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae: Ancyrocephalinae): molecular evidence and explanation inferred from LSU rDNA sequences. Parasitology 2006; 132:659-68. [PMID: 16398949 DOI: 10.1017/s003118200500956x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2005] [Revised: 10/12/2005] [Accepted: 10/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The D1-D2 domains of LSU rDNA were used to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships within the Ancyrocephalinae (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) utilizing maximum-parsimony (MP), maximum-likelihood (ML), minimum evolution (ME) and neighbour-joining (NJ) methods. A total of 32 monogenean taxa were examined in the present study, including 9 Haliotrema species and 13 other species representing the Ancyrocephalinae, 4 Thaparocleidus species representing the Ancylodiscoididae, and 6 species representing the Diplectanidae which were used as multiple outgroups. All 4 analyses (i.e. MP, ML, ME and NJ) inferred the same interrelationship pattern: (Diplectanidae, (Ancylodiscoididae, Dactylogyridae)) with high bootstrap support. However, 9 Haliotrema species were dispersed to form 4 clades together with species from other genera, indicating the apparent non-monophyly of Haliotrema. Three major groups were defined based on reconstructed phylogenetic trees to explain the radiation of Haliotrema species. The morphology of the reproductive organ, particularly the male copulatory organ (MCO), was discussed to further understand the formation of each group. (1) Results of the present study indicated an intimate relationship among Metahaliotrema (2 species), Protogyrodactylus (4 species) and Haliotrema (2 of 9 species), and notably, all these species share vagina-absence. (2) Based on the present molecular analyses and the morphological characters of the MCO, we propose to transfer H. spirotubiforum and the undetermined Haliotrema sp. ZHDDb to Euryhaliotrema as new combinations. (3) We propose to erect a new genus to accommodate the Haliotrema species with horn-like shaped MCO. Taxonomic implications of the present molecular phylogenetic analyses are discussed. A wider range of taxa and more DNA markers displaying various evolutionary rates should be used to estimate phylogenetic relationships among species within the Ancyrocephalinae and Ancylodiscoididae in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang West Street, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, The People's Republic of China
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Simková A, Plaisance L, Matejusová I, Morand S, Verneau O. Phylogenetic relationships of the Dactylogyridae Bychowsky, 1933 (Monogenea: Dactylogyridea): the need for the systematic revision of the Ancyrocephalinae Bychowsky, 1937. Syst Parasitol 2003; 54:1-11. [PMID: 12567005 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022133608662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic analyses based on partial 18S rDNA sequences of polyonchoinean monogeneans were conducted in order to investigate the relationships between selected families and subfamilies of the Dactylogyrinea, mainly within the Dactylogyridae. We tested the status of the Ancyrocephalidae sensu Bychowsky & Nagibina (1978) and the Ancyrocephalinae sensu Kritsky & Boeger (1989). Within the Dactylogyrinea, the Diplectanidae and Dactylogyridae are well supported by maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses, but their phylogenetic relationship with the Pseudomurraytrematidae remains unresolved. Phylogenetic relationships between the Pseudodactylogyrinae, Ancyrocephalinae, Ancylodiscoidinae and Dactylogyrinae indicate paraphyly of the Ancyrocephalidae sensu Bychowsky & Nagibina (1978). The group of species recently considered as the Dactylogyridae sensu Kritsky & Boeger (1989) comprises two sister groups. The first group includes the freshwater Ancyrocephalinae and the Ancylodiscoidinae. The second group includes the Pseudodactylogyrinae, Dactylogyrinae and the Ancyrocephalinae from the fish species Siganus doliatus and Tetraodon fluviatilis. The non-monophyly of the Ancyrocephalinae (i.e. the non-monophyly of the group of species recently considered as members of Ancyrocephalinae), previously suggested by Kritsky & Boeger (1989) using the morphological characters, indicates that classification of the Dactylogyridae needs to be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Simková
- Centre de Biologie et d'Ecologie Tropicale et Mediterranéenne, UMR 5555 CNRS, Université de Perpignan, Avenue de Villeneuve, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
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Whittington ID, Chisholm LA, Rohde K. The Larvae of Monogenea (Platyhelminthes). ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(08)60232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Justine JL, Iomini C, Raikova OI, Mollaret I. The Homology of Cortical Microtubules in Platyhelminth Spermatozoa: a Comparative Immunocytochemical Study of Acetylated Tubulin. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.1998.tb01161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mollaret I, Justine JL. Immunocytochemical study of tubulin in the 9 + '1' sperm axoneme of a monogenean (Platyhelminthes), Pseudodactylogyrus sp. Tissue Cell 1997; 29:699-706. [PMID: 9467930 DOI: 10.1016/s0040-8166(97)80045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The spermatozoon of the monopisthocotylean monogenean Pseudodactylogyrus sp. (a gill parasite of eels) has a single axoneme showing a 9 + '1' pattern, a nucleus and a mitochondrion, but has no cortical microtubules. This species thus provides a very simple model for the study of tubulin in the 9 + '1' axonemes of the Platyhelminthes, in contrast with digenean sperm which have a more complex spermatozoon with two such axonemes and cortical microtubules. Indirect immunofluorescence labelling of tubulin shows that the elongating spermatids, initially lying in all directions in the early stages, are arranged as parallel elements in further stages. The number of spermatids in an isogenic group could also be precisely counted and equals 32. Nuclear labelling with fluorescent dyes shows that the nuclei, first located in the common mass of the spermatids, later elongate and migrate into the growing spermatids, and that the nucleus is located in the central part of the mature spermatozoon, with the two extremities devoid of nucleus. Labelling with antibodies directed against acetylated, tyrosinated, and polyglutamylated tubulin gave positive results, thus indicating that these post-translational modifications of tubulin are present in the axoneme of spermatids and spermatozoa of monopisthocotylean monogeneans.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mollaret
- Laboratoire de Biologie Parasitaire, Protistologie, Helminthologie, ERS 156 CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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Lim LHS. Two new species ofPseudodactylogyroides Ogawa, 1986 (Monogenea) from two species of eleotridid fishes of Peninsular Malaysia. Syst Parasitol 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00009299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cladistic study in the monogenea (Platyhelminthes), based upon a parsimony analysis of spermiogenetic and spermatozoal ultrastructural characters. Int J Parasitol 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(91)90151-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Buchmann K, Køie M, Prentø P. The nutrition of the gill parasitic monogenean Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae. Parasitol Res 1987; 73:532-7. [PMID: 3422977 DOI: 10.1007/bf00535329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A histological and histochemical study of ingested food material, energy stores and enzymes in the monogenean Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae, parasitizing the gills of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is presented. It was found that mucus, epithelial cells and blood from the gills were ingested. Glycogen deposits were small and primarily located in the parenchyma and to a minor extent in the vitellariae. Numerous globules of neutral lipids were found in the vitellariae. A marked esterase activity was found in the gut and a less marked activity in the vitellariae. Acid phosphatase activity was found throughout the body whereas alkaline phosphatase and leucine-amino-peptidase were not detected. Marked activity of succinate dehydrogenase and NADH-diaphorase was found in all cells, indicating a predominantly aerobic metabolism in this monogenean.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Buchmann
- Department of Hygiene and Microbiology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Justine JL, Mattei X. Comparative ultrastructural study of spermiogenesis in monogeneans (flatworms). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0889-1605(86)90007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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