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Moravec F, Fazaa HA, Ali AH, Saud HA. Two new and one newly recorded gonad-infecting species of Philometra Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae) parasitising marine fishes in Iraq. Syst Parasitol 2023:10.1007/s11230-023-10096-2. [PMID: 37208538 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-023-10096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Specimens of two undescribed and one known gonad-infecting species of Philometra Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae) were collected in some marine fishes from off the southern coast of Iraq. Based on light and scanning electron microscopy, the following new species are described: Philometra tayeni n. sp. (males and nongravid females) from ovaries of the purple-spotted bigeye Priacanthus tayenus Richardson (Priacanthidae, Acanthuriformes), and Philometra nibeae n. sp. (males and gravid female) from the ovary of the blotched croaker Nibea maculata (Bloch et Schneider) (Sciaenidae, Acanthuriformes). Philometra tayeni is mainly characterised by a pair of postanal papillae and a V-shaped caudal mound in males and by their body lengths (2.42-2.99 mm), whereas P. nibeae differs from its gonad-infecting congeners parasitising scienids mainly based on the body length of males (2.29-2.49 mm) and their spicules (96-117 µm), absence of a pair of postanal papillae and shape of caudal mound consisting of two parts. Philometra piscaria Moravec & Justine, 2014 (males and nongravid females), a parasite of the orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton) (Epinephelidae, Perciformes), is recorded from the Arabian (= Persian) Gulf for the first time; previously unknown females of this species are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Moravec
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Hassan A Fazaa
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Muthana, Samawah, Iraq
| | - Atheer H Ali
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Hussein A Saud
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
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Molecular phylogenetic relationship between Philometroides tahieli (Nematoda, Philometridae) and other philometrids from South America. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:3091-3103. [PMID: 36125527 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In South America, the family Philometridae is represented by several genera and species. In particular, Philometra and Philometroides are the most speciose genera. In Argentina, only Philometroides tahieli has been reported so far. The main objective of this study was to analyze the phylogenetic relationship between Ps. tahieli and other South American philometrids using molecular data. The molecular analysis was performed using a female specimen of Ps. tahieli found on the opercular muscle of a juvenile Micropogonias furnieri from brackish waters in Argentina. Phylogenetic relationships were studied based on partial sequences of the 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA genes. In the 18S rDNA tree, Ps. tahieli was mainly grouped with other Philometroides from freshwater hosts from China, sharing the site of infection (head tissues or muscles). In the 28S rDNA tree, obtained with fewer sequences, Ps. tahieli is related species from subcutaneous tissues of head. This study contributes with information on philometrids and confirms the presence of different lineages among South American species, with Ps. tahieli representing a new one. Further studies on South American species using more molecular markers and new morphological characters will improve our knowledge of philometrid biodiversity and phylogeny.
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HODDA M. Phylum Nematoda: trends in species descriptions, the documentation of diversity, systematics, and the species concept. Zootaxa 2022; 5114:290-317. [DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5114.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This paper summarizes the trends in nematode species description and systematics emerging from a comparison of the latest comprehensive classification and census of Phylum Nematoda (Hodda 2022a, b) with earlier classifications (listed in Hodda 2007). It also offers some general observations on trends in nematode systematics emerging from the review of the voluminous literature used to produce the classification. The trends in nematodes can be compared with developments in the systematics of other organisms to shed light on many of the general issues confronting systematists now and into the future.
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Barton DP, Moravec F, Zhu X, Shamsi S. Phylogenetic relationships of philometrid nematodes (Philometridae Baylis & Daubney, 1926) inferred from 18S rRNA, with molecular characterisation of recently described species. Parasitol Res 2021; 121:127-141. [PMID: 34825260 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nematodes of the family Philometridae Baylis & Daubney, 1926 (Dracunculoidea Stiles, 1907) are generally poorly known, and there are many taxonomic issues within the family. Philometrids are parasites of fish and are found in various locations throughout the host, including within the subcutaneous tissues and musculature, the abdominal cavity and gonads; vast sexual dimorphism often means the males are not collected, leading to many species being described solely on female characteristics. Although there have been a number of studies utilising molecular data, the vast majority of species are yet to be sequenced. This study undertook genetic sequencing of 15 recently described species of philometrids across 4 genera, many of which were from specimens collected from waters off Australia. All of the sequences obtained were closely related with representatives of the family Philometridae. Species were found to be distributed in the phylogenetic trees within 4 clades based on a combination of site of infection within the host and host habitat. Family of host and geographical location was not as important for position within the trees. Clade A contained philometrids collected from the abdominal cavities and head tissues of South American freshwater fish. Clade B contained philometrids primarily from the abdominal cavities of freshwater European cyprinids. Clade C contained philometrids primarily from the ovaries of marine fish. Clade D contained philometrids from the body tissues of marine and freshwater fish. The potential co-evolutionary patterns between philometrids and their fish hosts are highlighted as an area of future research. This research also highlighted the importance of correct identification of any sequenced specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane P Barton
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia.
| | - František Moravec
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaocheng Zhu
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Shokoofeh Shamsi
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia. .,Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia.
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Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequences of Three Croakers (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) and Novel Insights into the Phylogenetics. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061741. [PMID: 29895774 PMCID: PMC6032254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The three croakers (Nibea coibor, Protonibea diacanthus and Argyrosomus amoyensis, Perciformes, Sciaenidae) are important commercial species inhabiting the Eastern Indian Ocean and Western Pacific. Molecular data employed in previous research on phylogenetic reconstruction have not been adequate and complete, and systematic and comprehensive phylogenetic relationships for these fish are unresolved. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of the three croakers using next-generation sequencing for the first time. We analyzed the composition and phylogenies between 19 species in the family Sciaenidae using the mitochondrial protein coding sequences of 204 species in the Series Eupercaria. We present the characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of the three croakers. Gene arrangement and distribution of the three croakers are canonically identical and consistent with other vertebrates. We found that the family Sciaenidae is an independent branch that is isolated from the order Perciformes and does not belong to any extant classification. Therefore, this family is expected to belong to a new classification at the order level and needs further analysis. The evolution of Sciaenidae has lagged far behind the Perciformes differentiation. This study presents a novel insight into the phylogenetics of the family Sciaenidae from the order Perciformes and facilitates additional studies on the evolution and phylogeny of Series Eupercaria.
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Moravec F, Barton DP. New records of philometrids (Nematoda: Philometridae) from marine fishes off Australia, including description of four new species and erection of Digitiphilometroides gen. n. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2018; 65. [DOI: 10.14411/fp.2018.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rambo M, Smith AN, Oguz MC, Belk MC. The Intestinal Parasites of an Assemblage of Stream Fishes in Central Utah. WEST N AM NATURALIST 2016. [DOI: 10.3398/064.076.0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Rambo
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | | | - Mehmet Cemal Oguz
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mark C. Belk
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
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New tissue-dwelling species of Philometra Costa, 1845 and Philometroides Yamaguti, 1935 (Nematoda: Philometridae) from marine perciform fishes off the northern coast of Australia. Syst Parasitol 2016; 93:623-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s11230-016-9657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Moravec F, Manoharan J. Philometra dissimilis n. sp. from the ovary of Johnius belangerii (Sciaenidae) and other new records of philometrids (Nematoda: Philometridae) from fishes of the Bay of Bengal, India. Helminthologia 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/helmin-2016-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Based on light and scanning electron microscopical studies, a new gonad-infecting species of Philometra Costa, 1845, P. dissimilis n. sp. (Nematoda: Philometridae), is described from the marine fish (Belanger’s croaker) Johnius belangerii (Cuvier) (Sciaenidae, Perciformes) in the Bay of Bengal, off the eastern coast of India. The species is mainly characterized by the body length of male 2.73 – 3.37 mm and that of gravid female 145 – 171 mm, needle-like, equal spicules 96 – 120 μm long, length of the gubernaculum 75 – 90 μm, distal end of the gubernaculum with lamellar structures forming a simple dorsal protuberance and by the V-shaped male caudal mound. Philometra dissimilis is the seventh known gonad-infecting species of this genus parasitizing sciaenid fishes. Moreover, an additional two species of Philometra (only females) were recorded from fishes in the Bay of Bengal: P. lobotidisMoravec, Walter et Yuniar, 2012 from the abdominal cavity of Lobotis surinamensis (Bloch) (Lobotidae, Perciformes), which is a new geographical record, and Philometra sp. from the ovary of Platycephalus indicus (Linnaeus) (Platycephalidae, Scorpaeniformes), representing probably an undescribed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Moravec
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - J. Manoharan
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 8066 5502, Tamil Nadu, India
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Moravec F, Chaabane A, Justine JL, Neifar L. Two gonad-infecting species of Philometra (Nematoda: Philometridae) from groupers (Serranidae) off Tunisia, with a key to Philometra species infecting serranid gonads. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:8. [PMID: 26956219 PMCID: PMC4783587 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2016008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Based on light and scanning electron microscopical studies of nematode specimens (males and mature females) collected from the ovary of groupers (Serranidae, Perciformes) in the Mediterranean Sea off Tunisia (near Tunis and Sfax), two gonad-infecting species of Philometra Costa, 1845 (Nematoda, Philometridae) are reported: Philometra inexpectata n. sp. from the mottled grouper Mycteroperca rubra and P. jordanoi (López-Neyra, 1951) from the dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus. Identification of both fish species was confirmed by molecular barcoding. The new species is mainly characterized by the length of equally long spicules (147–165 μm), the gubernaculum (63–93 μm long) bearing at the tip two dorsolateral lamellar parts separated from each other by a smooth median field, a V-shaped mound on the male caudal extremity, the presence of a pair of large caudal papillae located posterior to the cloaca and by the body length of the males (1.97–2.43 mm). Philometra inexpectata n. sp. is the fifth known gonad-infecting philometrid species parasitizing serranid fishes in the Mediterranean region. The males of P. jordanoi were examined by scanning electron microscopy for the first time; this detailed study revealed some new taxonomically important morphological features, such as the number and arrangement of cephalic and caudal papillae, presence of amphids and phasmids and mainly the lamellate structures at the posterior end of the gubernaculum. A key to gonad-infecting species of Philometra parasitic in serranid fishes is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Moravec
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Amira Chaabane
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Écosystèmes Aquatiques, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax (FSS), Université de Sfax, BP 1171, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jean-Lou Justine
- ISYEB, Institut Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, UMR7205 CNRS, EPHE, MNHN, UPMC, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP51, 55 Rue Buffon, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Lassad Neifar
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Écosystèmes Aquatiques, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax (FSS), Université de Sfax, BP 1171, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
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Moravec F, Tedesco P. Redescription of Philometra globiceps (Rudolphi, 1819) (Nematoda: Philometridae), the type species of Philometra Costa, 1845, including the first data obtained by SEM. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:4413-20. [PMID: 26319523 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A redescription of Philometra globiceps (Rudolphi 1819), the type species of Philometra Costa 1845 (Philometridae), is provided on the basis of specimens collected from the gonads, stomach, pyloric caeca, intestine and gallbladder of the marine fish Uranoscopus scaber Linnaeus (Uranoscopidae, Perciformes) caught in the Ionian Sea off Ugento, southern Italy. Light microscopical and scanning electron microscopical examinations (latter used for the first time in this species) of the specimens revealed some previously unreported morphological features, such as the location of submedian pairs of cephalic papillae of external circle on four elevated cuticular lobes in gravid females, the presence of amphids, genital papillae and phasmids in males, the lamellate structure of the distal end of gubernaculum appearing as a dorsal protuberance in lateral view and the structure of the male caudal end. A taxonomically important feature of P. globiceps is the details in the dorsal transverse lamella-like structures on the distal end of the gubernaculum, by which this species can be separated from other gonad-infecting species of this genus. Apparently, P. globiceps is a specific parasite of U. scaber and all previous records of this species from hosts belonging to other fish families are evidently based on misidentifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Moravec
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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Moravec F, Diggles BK. A new gonad-infecting species of Philometra, P. barnesi sp. n. (Nematoda: Philometridae), from the marine fish Pomadasys argenteus (Haemulidae) off the northern coast of Australia. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:4121-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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New records of species of Philometra (Nematoda: Philometridae) from marine fishes off New Caledonia, including P. cephalopholidis sp. n. from Cephalopholis sonnerati (Serranidae). Parasitol Res 2015; 114:3223-8. [PMID: 25982574 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two different species of Philometra Costa, 1845 were collected from marine perciform fishes, the tomato hind Cephalopholis sonnerati (Valenciennes) (Serranidae) and the painted sweetlips Diagramma pictum (Thunberg) (Haemulidae), from off New Caledonia, South Pacific. Nematodes (only males) from the gonad of C. sonnerati represent a new taxon, P. cephalopholidis sp. n., which is mainly characterized by almost equally long spicules (length 186-228 μm), the shape and structure of the gubernaculum with a dorsally lamellate distal tip, and the structure of the caudal end. The nematodes (only gravid females) from abdominal tissues of D. pictum may represent an undescribed species, but, because of the absence of conspecific males, they could not be specifically identified. Philometra cephalopholidis is the sixth nominal species of this genus recorded from fishes off New Caledonia and the thirteenth species of these parasites described from fishes of the family Serranidae.
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