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Chryssafidis AL, Arruda PM, Américo L, Machado SGR, de Lima FR, Matos J, de Moura AB. The Fasciola hepatica egg development and hatching test (EDHT) using commercial drugs: a simple protocol for tackling anthelminthic resistance and promoting cattle productivity. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:70. [PMID: 38135838 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Fasciolosis is an important zoonotic disease caused by the trematode Fasciola hepatica, and it causes great losses in bovine production. The anthelmintic resistance is a major problem in the control of fasciolosis. In this study, the F. hepatica egg development and hatching test (EDHT) was used for the evaluation of the ovicidal activity of commercial drugs, commonly used for treating infected cattle, which reflects F. hepatica anthelminthic resistance in infected bovines, according to recent literature. Bile samples from F. hepatica naturally parasitized cattle were obtained from slaughterhouses in the cities of Lages and Otacílio Costa, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The bile was washed, the eggs were recovered, quantified, and distributed in universal collectors, with a minimum of 1,000 eggs per vial. Four commercial drugs were used in this study, containing albendazole sulfoxide (ABDZ), closantel (CSTL), nitroxynil (NTXL), and triclabendazole with fenbendazole (TBZF). The drugs were diluted according to the manufacturer instructions. All drugs, and the respective control, were tested in triplicates, with the quantity of recovered eggs determining the number of drugs to be tested. The vials were incubated for 28 days at 27 °C, and the eggs were classified according to their degree of development under a stereomicroscope. In total, 121 egg samples were analyzed. Two samples were identified as resistant to TBZF. Undetermined resistance/susceptibility has been found in two isolates treated with ABDZ, one treated with NTXL and six treated with TBZF. CSTL did not present ovicidal activity and cannot be used in EDHT. This is the first time that commercial drugs were used in F. hepatica EDHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lazaros Chryssafidis
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases (LAPAR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agroveterinary Sciences Center, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Bairro Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Santa Catarina, CEP 88520-000, Brazil.
| | - Paula Maciel Arruda
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases (LAPAR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agroveterinary Sciences Center, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Bairro Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Santa Catarina, CEP 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Larissa Américo
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases (LAPAR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agroveterinary Sciences Center, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Bairro Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Santa Catarina, CEP 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Sandy Gabrielly Radünz Machado
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases (LAPAR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agroveterinary Sciences Center, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Bairro Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Santa Catarina, CEP 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rieth de Lima
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases (LAPAR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agroveterinary Sciences Center, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Bairro Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Santa Catarina, CEP 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Josiane Matos
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases (LAPAR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agroveterinary Sciences Center, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Bairro Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Santa Catarina, CEP 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson Barbosa de Moura
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases (LAPAR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agroveterinary Sciences Center, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Bairro Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Santa Catarina, CEP 88520-000, Brazil
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Charlier J, Hoste H, Sotiraki S. COMBAR - Combatting anthelmintic resistance in ruminants. Parasite 2023; 30:E1. [PMID: 36762940 PMCID: PMC9912929 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Charlier
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Kreavet Hendrik Mertensstraat 17 9150 Kruibeke Belgium
,Corresponding author:
| | - Hervé Hoste
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Université de Toulouse, UMR 1225 IHAP INRAE/ENVT 31076 Toulouse France
| | - Smaro Sotiraki
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Veterinary Research Institute, HAO DIMITRA Campus Thermi 57001 Thessaloniki Greece
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First Report of Anthelmintic Resistance in Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Goats in Romania. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102761. [PMID: 34679782 PMCID: PMC8532838 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are three classes of anthelmintics most commonly used in small ruminants: the benzimidazoles (BZs), macrocyclic lactones (MLs) and cholinergic agonists (especially levamisole; LEV). The widespread use of those products has led to the emergence of drug-resistant parasite strains which represents a serious threat to the livestock industry. In the present study, we describe for the first time a case of resistance to anthelmintics in goats in Romania. The study was carried out in 2021 in a dairy goat herd from the Transylvania region. Two types of diagnostic methods were used to confirm anthelmintic resistance (AR). First, the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT), an in vivo AR diagnostic method, was used to evaluate the efficacy of eprinomectin (EPM). The results of this test were analysed applying two different calculative methods that are used only in treated animals (without the control group). Furthermore, two in vitro methods were used: the egg hatch test (EHT) for the detection of resistance to BZs, and the larval development test (LDT) for detection of resistance to all three classes of anthelmintics. The results of FECRT indicate the resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) to EPM in both calculative methods (FECR1 = -88% and FECR2 = -202%). In addition, the results obtained for ivermectin aglycone (IVM-AG) in LDT also indicate resistance to drugs from MLs group, especially avermectins. Similarly, the results of in vitro methods (EHT and LDT) indicate resistance to BZs in this herd. LEV was the only drug that stopped the development of L3 larvae 100% (LDT). H. contortus was the only nematode species found in coproculture after EPM treatment. Furthermore, H. contotus L3 larvae was the only species found in the wells with the highest concentrations of thiabendazole (TBZ) and IVM-AG in LDT. This suggests that resistance to both BZs and MLs was present for that species.
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