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Nourrisson C, Lavergne RA, Moniot M, Morio F, Poirier P. Enterocytozoon bieneusi, a human pathogen. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2406276. [PMID: 39286988 PMCID: PMC11428314 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2406276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Although brought to the forefront in the 1980s with the AIDS pandemic, microsporidia infecting humans are still little known. Enterocytozoon bieneusi, by far the most frequent microsporidia species causing diseases in humans, is responsible for intestinal illness in both non- and immunocompromised patients. This species presents an astonishing genetic diversity with more than 500 genotypes described, some of which have a strong zoonotic potential. Indeed, E. bieneusi infects a broad array of hosts, from wild to domestic animals. This emerging eukaryotic pathogen has thus been associated with foodborne/waterborne outbreaks. Several molecular assays have been developed to enhance its diagnosis or for epidemiological purposes, providing valuable new data. Here, we propose an overview of the current knowledge on this major species among the microsporidia, so far rather neglected in human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Nourrisson
- Parasitology & Mycology unit, 3IHP, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- « Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte » (M2iSH) unit, UMR Inserm/Université Clermont Auvergne U1071, USC INRAE 1382, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- National Reference Center for Cryptosporidiosis, Microsporidia and Other Digestive Protozoa, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rose-Anne Lavergne
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité, Nantes, France
| | - Maxime Moniot
- Parasitology & Mycology unit, 3IHP, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- National Reference Center for Cryptosporidiosis, Microsporidia and Other Digestive Protozoa, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florent Morio
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Poirier
- Parasitology & Mycology unit, 3IHP, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- « Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte » (M2iSH) unit, UMR Inserm/Université Clermont Auvergne U1071, USC INRAE 1382, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- National Reference Center for Cryptosporidiosis, Microsporidia and Other Digestive Protozoa, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Guadano-Procesi I, Berrilli F, Cave DD. First molecular detection and characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi different genotypes in human patients from Italy. Acta Trop 2024; 252:107136. [PMID: 38296015 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is one of the 17 microsporidian species pathogenic to humans in low and high-income countries, inducing both symptomatic and asymptomatic intestinal infections, independently of the immunological condition of the infected individual. Faecal-oral transmission occurs in a broad hosts range, including several animal species, but the parasite's zoonotic potential remains still unclear. Few studies are available in Italy regarding E. bieneusi presence in humans and no data on its genetic variability are so far reported. In this investigation, through the ITSr RNA sequences analysis, we provided the first E. bieneusi molecular characterization from symptomatic patients in Italy. Faecal samples from 410 patients sent for routine analyses to the Unit of Parasitology, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, and resulted positive for E. bieneusi to a cartridge-based molecular test for qualitative detection (Novodiag® Stool Parasites assay), were collected. DNA was extracted, endpoint PCR performed and then sequences obtained for 3/410 patients (0.7 %). Genotype A (N = 1), genotype C (N = 1) and genotype K (N = 1) were identified, all belonging to phylogenetic Group 1. One patient (identified as genotype A) showed positivity to the same genotype previously characterized after a two-month period. Additional investigations are required, within a One Health framework, to review the importance of a zoonotic potential linked to E. bieneusi in human populations, animals and environmental reservoirs worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Guadano-Procesi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Federica Berrilli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - David Di Cave
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
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Nourrisson C, Hamane S, Bonhomme J, Durieux MF, Foulquier JB, Lesthelle S, Moniot M, French microsporidiosis network, Bougnoux ME, Poirier P. Case series of intestinal microsporidiosis in non-HIV patients caused by Encephalitozoon hellem. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2258997. [PMID: 37706342 PMCID: PMC10543343 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2258997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal microsporidiosis is most often caused by Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and to a lesser extent by species of the genus Encephalitozoon. Until now, Encephalitozoon hellem was not clearly known to induce disease restricted to the intestine, or rarely in HIV subjects or in tropical countries. We report here 11 cases of delineated intestinal microsporidioses due to E. hellem diagnosed in France in non-HIV patients. Briefly, all patients were immunocompromised. They all suffered from diarrhoea, associated in nearly 50% of cases with weight loss. Concerning treatment, 5/11 patients had a discontinuation or a decrease of their immunosuppressive therapy, and 4/11 received albendazole. All patients recovered. Five different genotypes were identified based on the rRNA ITS sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Nourrisson
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, 3IHP, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- National Reference Center for Cryptosporidiosis, Microsporidia and Other Digestive Protozoa, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), UMR Inserm/Université Clermont Auvergne U1071, USC INRA 2018, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Samia Hamane
- Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, CHU AP-HP Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Julie Bonhomme
- Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, CHU Caen, ToxEMAC-ABTE, Université de Normandie Unicaen, Caen, France
| | | | | | | | - Maxime Moniot
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, 3IHP, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- National Reference Center for Cryptosporidiosis, Microsporidia and Other Digestive Protozoa, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - French microsporidiosis network
- French Microsporidiosis Network: CH Le Havre (LABBE Franck), CHU Amiens (LE GOVIC Yohann, TOTET Anne, DAMIANI Céline), CHU Angers (DE GENTILE Ludovic, LEMOINE Jean-Philippe), CHU Besançon (BELLANGER Anne Pauline), CHU Bichat (HOUZE Sandrine, ARGY Nicolas), CHU Bordeaux (ACCOCEBERRY Isabelle, DELHAES Laurence, GABRIEL Frédéric, MILLET Pascal), CHU Brest (LE GAL Solène, NEVEZ Gilles), CHU Caen (CAPITAINE Agathe), CH Cayenne (DEMAR Magalie), CHU Cochin (YERA Hélène, ROUGES Célia), CHU Créteil (ANGEBAULT Cécile, BOTTEREL Françoise, FOULET Françoise), CHU Dijon (BASMACIYAN Louise, DALLE Frédéric, VALOT Stéphane), CH Fort-de-France (DESBOIS-NOGARD Nicole), CHU Grenoble (ROBERT Marie Gladys), CHU Lille (DELEPLANCQUE Anne-Sophie, LEROY Jordan), CHU Limoges (AJZENBERG Daniel), CHU Lyon (CHAPEY-PICQ Emmanuelle, DUPONT Damien, MENOTTI Jean, RABODONIRINA Meja), CHU Marseille (LOLLIVIER Coralie), CHU Montpellier (VARLET Marie), CHU Nancy (DEBOURGOGNE Anne, MACHOUART Marie), CHU Nantes (LAVERGNE Rose-Anne, MORIO Florent), CHU Necker (SITTERLE Emilie), CHU Nice (DELAUNAY Pascal, POMARES Christelle, SIMON Loïc), CHU Nîmes (SASSO Milène), CHU Paris HEGP (DANNAOUI Eric), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière (KAPEL Nathalie, TANTAOUI Ilhame, THELLIER Marc), CHU Pointe-à-Pitre (NICOLAS Muriel), CHU Poitiers (PERRAUD Estelle), CHU Reims (CHEMLA Cathy, VILLENA Isabelle), CHU Rennes (AUTIER Brice), CHU Rouen (COSTA Damien, FAVENNEC Loïc), CHU Saint Antoine (BELKACEM BELKADI Ghania, MORENO-SABATER Alicia), CHU Saint-Etienne (FLORI Pierre), CHU Strasbourg (BRUNET Julie), CHU Toulouse (BERRY Antoine, IRIART Xavier), CHU Tours (CHESNAY Adélaïde, DESOUBEAUX Guillaume), Lab. Bioceane (ARTUR Fabienne), Lab. CERBA (VERDURME Laura), Lab. Cerballiance Finistère (PRIGENT Gwenole), Lab. GLBM (CHATELAIN Rémi), Lab. Labouest (AUBIN Guillaume)
| | - Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux
- Unité de Parasitologie Mycologie, AP-HP hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Poirier
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, 3IHP, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- National Reference Center for Cryptosporidiosis, Microsporidia and Other Digestive Protozoa, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), UMR Inserm/Université Clermont Auvergne U1071, USC INRA 2018, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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