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Scarlat MM, Hernigou P, Mavrogenis AF. The disparity is a more significant challenge for orthopaedic surgeons than the planet's population growth. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2024; 48:1667-1675. [PMID: 38687354 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-024-06201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreas F Mavrogenis
- First Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Frenkel Rutenberg T, Daglan E, Shadmi N, Iordache SD, Kosashvili Y, Eylon S. Fertility and pregnancy complications in female orthopaedic surgeons. Occup Med (Lond) 2024:kqae044. [PMID: 38776463 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the number of female medical graduates continues to increase, only a few pursue an orthopaedic career. This is related to challenges regarding pregnancy and the peripartum period during orthopaedic training. AIMS To evaluate fertility, pregnancy-related complications and attitudes towards female orthopaedic surgeons in Israel. METHODS An electronic anonymous 34-question electronic web-based survey was sent to all Israeli female orthopaedic surgeons. Participation was voluntary. Questions were formulated to determine demographics, obstetrics medical history, teratogenic exposure, medical leave and breastfeeding parameters along with attitude towards pregnancy. RESULTS Twenty-six orthopaedic surgeons complied with the survey, 68% of all registered female orthopaedic surgeons. Participants age was 39.5 (±8.8). The average number of children for a female orthopaedic surgeon was 2.2 (±1.4), with an average of 1.3 (±1.1) deliveries during residency. The average age for a first child was 31.1 (±3.7) years. Four surgeons required fertility treatments and six had abortions. Thirty-eight per cent experienced pregnancy complications. Most surgeons were exposed to radiation and bone cement during pregnancy. The average duration of maternity leave was 19.4 (±9.9) weeks and return to work was associated with cessation of breastfeeding. Seventy-six per cent of surgeons felt that pregnancy had negatively influenced their training, and 12% reported negative attitudes from colleagues and supervisors. CONCLUSIONS Orthopaedic surgeons in Israel experience a delay in childbirth and higher rates of pregnancy complications. Most feel that their training is harmed by pregnancy. Programme directors should design a personalized support programme for female surgeons during pregnancy and the peripartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Frenkel Rutenberg
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E Daglan
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - N Shadmi
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Technion University, Haifa, Israel
| | - S D Iordache
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Y Kosashvili
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - S Eylon
- ALYN Hospital, Pediatric & Adolescent Rehabilitation Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Amaral A, Calcado I, Gomez A, Ricci C, Oberlohr V, Mackechnie MC, Miclau Iii T, Giordano V. The Perspective of Brazilian Women Orthopaedic Surgeons on Gender Discrimination: Initial Insights to Understand Gender Bias in the Brazilian Healthcare System. Cureus 2024; 16:e61325. [PMID: 38947667 PMCID: PMC11213644 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the societal progress made in recent years, gender discrimination is still common in healthcare, especially in some surgical specialties such as orthopaedics. In Brazil, where the participation of women in the medical profession has been increasing, little is known about women's perceptions on the issue of gender discrimination. This study aims to examine women orthopaedic surgeons' experiences in dealing with conflict in the workplace and contextualize the impact that gender discrimination has had or currently has on their careers and well-being. As a secondary objective, the work seeks to understand whether there are differences in the perception of the issue among practicing women orthopaedic surgeons and those in training. For a cross-sectional qualitative study, a survey was distributed exclusively to 300 practicing orthopaedic surgeons and orthopaedists in training (residents and fellows). A total of 99 women participated in the survey, of whom 66 were practicing orthopaedic surgeons and 33 were orthopaedists in training. The study showed that women orthopaedic surgeons in training in Brazil have a lower number of publications and a moderate level of involvement in academic society activity. In addition, orthopaedic surgeons in training experience a statistically significantly higher number of conflicts in the workplace. The comments from the questionnaires highlighted the physical and psychological consequences arising from these situations of professional conflict, most frequently occurring with orthopaedic surgeons who are men. Our findings indicate that respondents expressed a feeling of inequality towards women in the workplace, ultimately reducing the level of job satisfaction among female orthopaedic surgeons, which may contribute to disinterest and abandonment of the specialty. The results of this work support recent evidence that there is an implicit and often overlooked bias against the participation of women and ethnic minorities in the orthopaedic community in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Amaral
- Prof. Nova Monteiro Service of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital Municipal Miguel Couto, Rio de Janeiro, BRA
| | - Isabela Calcado
- Prof. Nova Monteiro Service of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital Municipal Miguel Couto, Rio de Janeiro, BRA
| | - Amparo Gomez
- Orthopedics Service, Hospital Universitario de la Samaritana, Bogota, COL
| | - Carla Ricci
- Research Office, Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) Foundation, Curitiba, BRA
| | - Verena Oberlohr
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Giordano
- Prof. Nova Monteiro Service of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital Municipal Miguel Couto (hmmc), Rio de Janeiro, BRA
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Sabesan VJ, Lavin A, Lama G, Daji AV, Fomunung CK, Fernandez CA, Jackson GR, Cannada LK. The Sex or Race of Program Directors May Not Play a Significant Role in Impacting Diversity Among Orthopaedic Surgery Residents. Arthroscopy 2024:S0749-8063(24)00259-7. [PMID: 38593927 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2024.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the influence of residency program characteristics, including the presence of under-represented minorities in medicine (URiM) and/or female program directors (PDs), on the race and sex distribution of orthopaedic surgery residency trainees. METHODS All active and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited orthopaedic surgery residency programs from 2017-2021 that reported usable information in the Residency Explorer Tool were included. Data collected included program characteristics, as well as faculty and resident sex distribution, ethnicity, race, and demographic characteristics. The PDs' specific sex, ethnicity, race, and demographic characteristics were collected using residency program websites. The prevalence of factors in programs with the top quartile of female and URiM residents was compared with that in programs with the bottom 3 quartiles. RESULTS Data were obtained from 148 of 200 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited programs (3,694 residents). The 52 excluded programs had no usable information in the Residency Explorer Tool or on an identifiable program website. Overall, 15.9% of residents in orthopaedic surgery residency programs were women and 14% were under-represented minorities. The rates of female PDs and chairs were 12.4% and 6.9%, respectively, whereas those of URiM PDs and chairs were 8.3% and 4.6%, respectively. Programs with more female residents were not associated with female PDs (P = .79) or URiM PDs (P = .48). Programs with a greater percentage of URiM residents were not associated with URiM PDs (P = .16). Larger programs (P = .021) and university-based programs (P = .048) had a greater percentage of female residents. Orthopaedic residency programs with visa sponsorship had a greater percentage of URiM residents (P = .017). CONCLUSIONS Programs with a higher percentage of female or URiM residents did not show a significant association with having female or URiM PDs. Larger programs and university-affiliated programs were more likely to have a larger percentage of female residents, whereas programs that offered visa sponsorship had a higher percentage of URiM residents. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study highlights factors influencing diversity among orthopaedic surgery residents. Although the presence of female or URiM PDs does not influence the percentage of female or URiM residents, other program characteristics such as size, affiliation, and visa sponsorship offer potentially actionable insights for promoting greater diversity in orthopaedic training. Doing so may increase under-represented groups within the field and could ultimately impact patient care and improve health care equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vani J Sabesan
- John F. Kennedy, Hospital Corporation of America/University of Miami Orthopaedic Surgery Program, Palm Beach, Florida, U.S.A.; Palm Beach Shoulder Service at Atlantis Orthopaedics HCA Florida, Palm Beach, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Alessia Lavin
- John F. Kennedy, Hospital Corporation of America/University of Miami Orthopaedic Surgery Program, Palm Beach, Florida, U.S.A.; Palm Beach Shoulder Service at Atlantis Orthopaedics HCA Florida, Palm Beach, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Gabriel Lama
- Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Akshay V Daji
- John F. Kennedy, Hospital Corporation of America/University of Miami Orthopaedic Surgery Program, Palm Beach, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Clyde K Fomunung
- John F. Kennedy, Hospital Corporation of America/University of Miami Orthopaedic Surgery Program, Palm Beach, Florida, U.S.A.; Palm Beach Shoulder Service at Atlantis Orthopaedics HCA Florida, Palm Beach, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Carlos A Fernandez
- John F. Kennedy, Hospital Corporation of America/University of Miami Orthopaedic Surgery Program, Palm Beach, Florida, U.S.A.; Palm Beach Shoulder Service at Atlantis Orthopaedics HCA Florida, Palm Beach, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Garrett R Jackson
- John F. Kennedy, Hospital Corporation of America/University of Miami Orthopaedic Surgery Program, Palm Beach, Florida, U.S.A.; Palm Beach Shoulder Service at Atlantis Orthopaedics HCA Florida, Palm Beach, Florida, U.S.A.; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A..
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Tsukahara Y, Novak M, Takei S, Asif IM, Yamasawa F, Torii S, Akama T, Matsumoto H, Day C. International study of physicians' opinion on physician-patient sex concordance when treating athletes. PM R 2024; 16:331-338. [PMID: 37850371 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of physician-patient sex concordance in medicine has been reported in many studies. Whether physicians believe that the sex concordance between physician and athlete influences treatment has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE To determine whether physicians believe that the sex concordance between physician and athlete influences treatment. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Online survey. PARTICIPANTS One thousand one hundred ninety-three sports medicine physicians in 51 countries. Participants were sports medicine physicians trained in orthopedics (n = 443 [37.1%]) and nonorthopedics (n = 750 [62.9%]). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants were asked to decide whether sex of the physician made them better suited to care for athletes of concordant or different sexes along with their personal background. RESULTS Orthopedic sports medicine physicians agreed less than nonorthopedic sports medicine physicians regarding the statement "MALE sports medicine physicians are better suited than their female counterparts to care for MALE athletes" (odds ratio [OR] 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35-0.91, p = .02), and compared to sports medicine physicians based in Europe, those based in Asia agreed more to this statement (OR 7.91, 95% CI 4.60-13.60, p < .01). In addition, regarding the statement "FEMALE sports medicine physicians are better suited than their male counterparts to care for FEMALE athletes," compared to sports medicine physicians based in Europe, those based in Asia (OR 9.12, 95% CI 5.63-14.79, p < .01) and North America (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.46-3.25, p < .01) agreed more and orthopedic sports medicine physicians agreed less than nonorthopedic sports medicine physicians (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.39-0.93, p = .02) to this statement. CONCLUSIONS Sports medicine physicians trained in orthopedics felt sex concordance was less important than physicians trained in other specialties. Asian sports medicine physicians believed sex concordance was more important compared to physicians in other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Tsukahara
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
- Faculty of Physical Education, Tokyo Women's College of Physical Education, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Melissa Novak
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Seira Takei
- Waseda Institute of Human Growth and Development, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Irfan M Asif
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, USA
| | | | - Suguru Torii
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Takao Akama
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsumoto
- Public Interest Incorporated Foundation, Japan Sports Medicine Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Carly Day
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
- Franciscan Physician Network, West Lafayette, USA
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Lancaster AJ, Stevenson KL, Noel PH, Grothaus OF, Blackburn BE, Gililland JM. Motivations and Barriers for Women Orthopaedic Surgeons Considering Arthroplasty Fellowship. J Arthroplasty 2024; 39:527-532. [PMID: 37572723 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arthroplasty is one of the least gender-diverse orthopaedic subspecialties. While previous studies have looked at factors influencing fellowship choices for women, few studies have attempted to understand the decision for or against arthroplasty specifically. Working to better understand fellowship choice is a critical step in the process of increasing women recruitment. METHODS An anonymous survey was distributed using REDCap to women orthopaedic surgeons and trainees through listservs, social media groups, and residency programs. Surgeons who had decided on a specific subspecialty or already completed fellowship were included. Responses were obtained from 164 surgeons (72 arthroplasty surgeons, 92 other subspecialties). Chi-squared and Fisher's Exact tests were then performed. RESULTS The most important factor for those who chose arthroplasty was enjoyment of the surgeries. The biggest concerns from those in the arthroplasty group about the field were work-life balance, ability to become pregnant and/or have a healthy pregnancy, and sex bias from referring physicians. Of those who ultimately chose another subspecialty, 30.4% considered arthroplasty "a little" and 8.7% considered it "strongly." The most important dissuaders for the group that considered arthroplasty were concerns about "boy's club" culture, concerns about the physicality of the surgeries, and a lack of mentors. CONCLUSION While the decision to choose a career path is multifactorial, our hope is that through the identification of modifiable factors we can increase women representation in arthroplasty. Increasing mentorship, implementing practical solutions to improve work-life balance, supporting healthy pregnancies, and mitigating the physical demands of surgery could help address current disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Lancaster
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Paighton H Noel
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Olivia F Grothaus
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Alomar AZ, Almonaie S, Nagshabandi KN, AlGhufaili D, Alomar M. Representation of women in orthopaedic surgery: perception of barriers among undergraduate medical students in Saudi Arabia. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:19. [PMID: 36611180 PMCID: PMC9825039 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While female participation has improved in several surgical specialties over time globally, no such increase has been observed in orthopaedic surgery over the past decades. The potential barriers to female participation are likely present from the beginning of medical education. Therefore, this study assessed the apparent lag in equal representation among men and women in orthopaedic surgery in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire survey to investigate medical students' and interns' perceptions of women participating in orthopaedic surgery, their subspeciality preferences, and barriers preventing them from pursuing an orthopaedic career. The responses were analysed to understand general perceptions, gender-based differences, impact of clinical experiential learning, and exposure to orthopaedic surgery. RESULTS Approximately 565 medical students (49% females, 51% males) participated in the survey. Only 17% of students (11% females, 23% males) considered orthopaedic surgery as their future career option. While 31% of female and 17% of male students disagreed with the concept of female-appropriate orthopaedic subspecialties, most of the remaining male and female students perceived paediatric orthopaedics as a female-appropriate subspecialty. Concerning equal representation of women, gender bias and lack of a strong physique were the most frequently selected barriers by female and male students, respectively. Patient preference for male orthopaedicians, gender discrimination, social and family commitments, and need for physical strength were all perceived as barriers for women in orthopaedics. Overall, clinical experience and orthopaedic exposure did not significantly improve the likelihood of female students in choosing orthopaedic surgery as a career. CONCLUSIONS The bias against women in orthopaedic careers is prevalent among medical students early in their academic years. Clinical experience and exposure to orthopaedic surgery should be improved to make a significant impact on female participation in orthopaedic careers. Career building efforts in terms of improved career opportunities, career counselling, flexible working hours, social and family related adjustments and implementation of mentorship/research/fellowship programmes for females are needed to reduce gender discrimination and improve female orthopaedic participation. Furthermore, process improvements may yield greater flexibility for women pursuing the challenging field while accommodating other barriers faced by women in orthopaedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Z. Alomar
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Head of Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine Division, Orthopaedic Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahd Almonaie
- grid.411335.10000 0004 1758 7207College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Deema AlGhufaili
- grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar Alomar
- grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Galloway R, Chandrakumar C, Shanmuganathan K, Chotai N, Jeyaseelan L. The Experiences, Influences and Concerns of Future Orthopaedic Surgeons: Comparing Uk and non-UK Perspectives. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2022; 83:1-15. [PMID: 36594776 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2022.0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/BACKGROUND This study aims to identify and analyse the factors that influence or discourage junior doctors in the UK and across the world from wanting to pursue a career in orthopaedics. METHODS A prospective, cohort study was carried out via an online questionnaire targeted at aspiring orthopaedic surgeons. RESULTS A total of 654 respondents met inclusion criteria; 370 (56.6%) were UK-based and 284 (43.4%) were based abroad. The practical and technical nature of orthopaedics was the biggest influencing factor globally. UK respondents were notably more concerned by the financial impact of training (49%) followed by poor work-life balance (36%). Themes from the comments section revealed concern regarding gender bias and a lack of diverse role models within orthopaedics. CONCLUSIONS Reducing the cost and length of training, diversification of role models, removal of bias and increasing positive early experiences may help to encourage people of all backgrounds to pursue a career in orthopaedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Galloway
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal National Orthopaedic NHS Trust, Stanmore, UK
| | | | | | - Neil Chotai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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Enson J, Malik-Tabassum K, Faria A, Faria G, Gill K, Rogers B. The impact of mentoring in trauma and orthopaedic training: a systematic review. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2022; 104:400-408. [PMID: 35446153 PMCID: PMC9157945 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trauma and orthopaedics is renowned for being a challenging yet rewarding career. The value of mentorship in medical and surgical training is known to be beneficial; however, the prevalence and quality of mentorship opportunities in orthopaedics are less well studied. Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of mentoring programmes in orthopaedic training and recognising barriers to effective mentorship are key to unlocking the full potential of future orthopaedic surgeons. METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library was performed. All studies published in the English language that reported data on mentorship programmes in orthopaedic training were included. FINDINGS A total of 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies demonstrated that formal mentorship programmes in orthopaedics are lacking but are sought after, with a positive influence on satisfaction and future career choice/subspecialty selection identified. Several barriers to mentoring in the field were recognised including the difficulty faced by female trainees, the availability of mentors and time constraints. The opportunity to choose a mentor, a mentor with the same interests, regular meetings and the option of gender congruent mentorship were all identified as crucial requirements for effective mentorship. CONCLUSION Mentorship opportunities must be more accessible to all orthopaedic trainees alike and should aim to incorporate the attributes identified to provide the highest calibre of training to prospective orthopaedic surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Enson
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - A Faria
- Ashford and St Peter’s Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - G Faria
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - K Gill
- Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - B Rogers
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
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Sanders EJ, Wu SA, Neuville AJ, Swiatek PR, Gerlach EB, Saltzman MD, Marra G. Trends in leadership at shoulder and elbow fellowships: a cross-sectional demographic review. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2022; 31:e92-e100. [PMID: 34543746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine educational characteristics, trends, and demographics among shoulder and elbow fellowship leaders (FLs). BACKGROUND Fellowship leaders in shoulder and elbow impart lasting impact on trainees and field development. Four previous studies have analyzed the characteristics and career path trends among orthopedic surgery subspecialty FLs (spine, adult reconstruction, trauma, and sports medicine). We characterized the educational backgrounds and demographic composition of all 40 FLs including fellowship directors (FD), fellowship co-directors (co-FD), and associate fellowship directors (associate FD) of 31 American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES)-accredited shoulder and elbow fellowships in the United States. We additionally compiled the residency and fellowship institutions that trained FLs as framework for aspiring leaders in orthopedic surgery. METHODS Using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) directory website page "ASES-Recognized Shoulder and Elbow Fellowship Programs," we identified all active shoulder and elbow fellowships within the United States as well as associated FL identifiers. Compiled data points include age, sex, ethnicity, residency/fellowship training location, time since education completion until FL appointment, length in FL role, personal research Scopus H-index, and major society and journal leadership position history. RESULTS We analyzed data from all 40 active FLs across 31 ASES-accredited shoulder and elbow fellowships, encompassing 26 FDs, 13 co-FDs, and 1 associate FD. The majority of FLs (97.5%) were male whereas 2.5% were female, with racial/ethnic identification of 80.0% Caucasian, 10.0% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 10.0% Middle Eastern. The mean Scopus H-index of the FLs was 24.63 ± 16.43. The top residency programs for producing future FLs were the University of Pittsburgh, University of Pennsylvania, University of Nebraska/Creighton, Hospital for Special Surgery, and Brown University (all n = 2). The top fellowship programs for producing future FLs were Mayo Clinic (n = 6), Columbia University (n = 6), San Francisco/California Pacific (n = 4), and Washington University in St Louis (n = 4). CONCLUSION Shoulder and elbow fellowship leaders graduate with increased frequency from certain fellowship programs with lesser correlation to residency institutions. Programs demonstrate high retention of prior trainees as future FLs. All FLs are distinguished by high indices of research productivity; however, demographic diversity remains limited, which is comparable to prior orthopedic subspecialty FL investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Sanders
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott A Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Alexander J Neuville
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter R Swiatek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erik B Gerlach
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew D Saltzman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guido Marra
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Rising within the leadership of an orthopaedic society: learning from the presidents. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2022; 46:443-447. [PMID: 34982195 PMCID: PMC8724003 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-021-05295-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Orthopaedic societies, with their diverse membership from across the world, serve a mission to endorse the progress and innovation in the field of orthopaedics and traumatology with a focus on improving patient care, as well as to encourage and develop education, teaching and research. Such organizations, whether small or large, have been successful in meeting the professional, educational and training needs of its members. The past and future presidents of these societies share insights addressing their professional experiences, lessons learnt and their vision for future leaders of the field. The objective of this article is to summarize the thoughts of presidents of orthopaedic societies from around the globe and to inspire younger and aspiring members of the global orthopaedic fraternity.
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