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Fisher ND, Bi AS, De Tolla JE. Perilunate Dislocations: Current Treatment Options. JBJS Rev 2022; 10:01874474-202209000-00003. [PMID: 36413343 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.22.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
➢ Approximately 25% of all patients who sustain perilunate dislocations present in a delayed fashion. ➢ While management of acute injuries is relatively well-described, treatment of chronic injuries can be complex and there is a paucity of scientific evidence to guide management. ➢ Treatment options include open reduction internal fixation, proximal row carpectomy, scaphoid or lunate excision with or without arthrodesis, and total wrist arthrodesis, although indications vary based on chronicity of injury and patient factors. ➢ The purpose of this article was to determine the quality of evidence supporting surgical options for the treatment of these injuries.
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Ishizaki A, Omokawa S, Hasegawa H, Nagashima M, Shimizu T, Kawamura K, Tanaka Y. Simultaneous Bilateral Chronic Volar Lunate Dislocation: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect 2022; 12:01709767-202206000-00052. [PMID: 35703161 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.22.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CASE A 24-year-old professional judo competitor suffered injuries to both the wrists when he fell on his back while lifting a 90-kg barbell in the bilateral dorsiflexed wrist position. Simultaneous bilateral volar lunate dislocation had been missed for a year. The degenerated lunates were simultaneously removed using a palmar approach. At 12 months postoperatively, the patient returned to judo competitions without pain. Radiography showed no progression of the intercarpal alignment abnormality. CONCLUSION Simultaneous bilateral chronic volar lunate dislocation is extremely rare. Long-term follow-up is necessary to check for carpal alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Ishizaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Shohei Omokawa
- Department of Hand Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hideo Hasegawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Mitsuyuki Nagashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Takamasa Shimizu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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Ahmad K, Vashista G. A wrist injury. BMJ 2021; 372:n101. [PMID: 33547054 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Ahmad
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Bianchi S, Hoffman DF, Tamborrini G, Poletti PA. Ultrasound Findings in Less Frequent Causes of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2020; 39:2469-2482. [PMID: 32459879 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The most common etiology of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is idiopathic. However, secondary causes of CTS should be considered when symptoms are unilateral, or electrodiagnostic studies are discrepant with the clinical presentation. Imaging of the carpal tunnel should be performed when secondary causes of CTS are suspected. An ultrasound evaluation of the carpal tunnel can assess for pathologic changes of the median nerve, detect secondary causes of CTS, and aid in surgical planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bianchi
- Cabinet d'Imagerie Médicale SA, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Radiology, Hopitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Douglas F Hoffman
- Departments of Orthopedics and Radiology, Essentia Health, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Giorgio Tamborrini
- Ultraschall Zentrum Rheumatologie Aeschenvorstadt, Basel, Switzerland
- Rheumatology University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Huang C, You D, Guo W, Qu W, Hu Y, Li R, Zhu Z. First-stage scapholunate fusion for the treatment of a chronic lunate dislocation: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16453. [PMID: 31305477 PMCID: PMC6641798 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Lunate dislocation is a rare injury to the wrist caused by high-energy trauma, and poor prognosis is often associated with missed initial diagnosis. To date, there is no consensus regarding an effective treatment plan for such cases. PATIENT CONCERNS Here, we describe the case of a 36-year-old man who presented with lunate dislocation following a delay in diagnosis of over 7 weeks, and further illuminate its diagnosis and treatment. DIAGNOSIS The diagnosis of chronic lunate dislocation was rendered. INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated using reduction via the dorsal approach brachial plexus anesthesia. After the reduction, a headless compression screw fixation was performed for first-stage scapholunate fusion, and Kirschner wire fixation of the lunate-triquetrum-hamate was used to stabilize the distal and proximal carpal rows. OUTCOMES The patient was followed up for 1 year and showed wrist function recovered well; radiographic examination showed no lunate dislocation and successful scapholunate bony fusion. A satisfactory outcome was achieved. LESSONS The case study presented here provide evidence that performing an effective first-stage scapholunate fusion is recommended to achieve better therapeutic outcomes for a chronic lunate dislocation. Furthermore, this approach led to a good long-term clinical outcome in our case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Di You
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Sino-Japanese Friendship Hospital of Jilin University, Nanguan District, Changchun City, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Wenlai Guo
- Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Wenrui Qu
- Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Yuchen Hu
- Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Rui Li
- Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University
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Goodman AD, Harris AP, Gil JA, Park J, Raducha J, Got CJ. Evaluation, Management, and Outcomes of Lunate and Perilunate Dislocations. Orthopedics 2019; 42:e1-e6. [PMID: 30403823 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20181102-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Lunate and perilunate dislocations are potentially devastating injuries that are often unrecognized at initial evaluation. Prompt recognition and treatment is necessary to prevent adverse sequelae, including median nerve dysfunction, carpal instability, posttraumatic arthritis, reduced functionality, and avascular necrosis. In patients who are surgical candidates, operative intervention is warranted to restore carpal kinematics and provide optimal outcomes. [Orthopedics. 2019; 42(1):e1-e6.].
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Dunn JC, Koehler LR, Kusnezov NA, Polfer E, Orr JD, Pirela-Cruz MA, Mitchell JS. Perilunate Dislocations and Perilunate Fracture Dislocations in the U.S. Military. J Wrist Surg 2018; 7:57-65. [PMID: 29383277 PMCID: PMC5788754 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1603932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Perilunate dislocations and perilunate fracture dislocations (PLDs/PLFDs) are rare and often associated with poor outcomes. Heretofore, these outcomes have not been evaluated in a high-demand military population. Questions/Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes in a young, active population after sustaining PLD/PLFD injuries. Patients and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the U.S. military service members who underwent surgical treatment for a PLD/PLFD (Current Procedural Terminology codes 25695 and 25685) between June 1, 2010, and June 1, 2014 through the Military Health System Management Analysis and Reporting Tool (M2) database, capturing patients with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Patient characteristics and outcomes were gathered; however, radiographic analysis was not possible. Results In this study, 40 patients (40 wrists) were included with an average follow-up of 47.8 months. The average age was 28.8 years. Twenty-two injuries (55%) were PLFD and 22 (55%) cases involved the nondominant extremity. On initial presentation, 11 (27.5%) were missed and 50% of patients were presented with acute carpal tunnel syndrome. Range of motion (ROM) was 74% and grip strength was 65% compared with the contralateral wrist; 78% reported pain with activity and only 55% remained on active duty status at final follow-up. Injuries to the nondominant extremity were significantly more likely to experience a good to excellent outcome and regained a more ROM. Patients with ligamentous PLD had less pain at rest and were more likely to return to sport. Conclusion Worse outcomes can be expected for PLD/PLFD of the dominant extremity, transscaphoid PLFD, greater arc injuries, and those undergoing pinning alone. A high-demand patient may expect worse functional results with a higher degree of limitation postoperatively. Level of Evidence The level of evidence is therapeutic IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Dunn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, Fort Bliss, Texas
| | - Logan R. Koehler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, Fort Bliss, Texas
| | - Nicholas A. Kusnezov
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, Fort Bliss, Texas
| | - Elizabeth Polfer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, Fort Bliss, Texas
| | - Justin D. Orr
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, Fort Bliss, Texas
| | - Miguel A. Pirela-Cruz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas
| | - Justin S. Mitchell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, Fort Bliss, Texas
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8
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Lunate dislocation causing median nerve entrapment. Med J Armed Forces India 2017; 73:88-90. [PMID: 28123252 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lunate dislocation is an uncommon injury occurring in young adults due to high-energy trauma. The volar displacement of the bone may result in compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel and is an uncommon cause of entrapment neuropathy.
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9
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Wrist Pain after a Fall. Ann Emerg Med 2017; 69:e5-e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Radiographs remain the mainstay for initial imaging of suspected fracture in the emergency setting. Missed fractures potentially have significant negative consequences for patients, referring physicians, and radiologists. Most missed fractures are owing to perceptual errors. In this review, we emphasize knowledge of 3 categories of pitfalls as they pertain to the upper extremity: the common but challenging; the out of mind, out of sight; and those related to satisfaction of search. For specific injuries, emphasis is placed on helpful radiographic signs and important additional radiographic views to obtain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Tyson
- Department of Radiology, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk A-21, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Stephen F Hatem
- Department of Radiology, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk A-21, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Ciclamini D, Panero B, Titolo P, Tos P, Battiston B. Particularities of hand and wrist complex injuries in polytrauma management. Injury 2014; 45:448-51. [PMID: 24119831 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hand and wrist lesions are relatively common in polytraumatised patients. These subjects sustain a wide range of potential life-threatening conditions and hand and wrist injuries incurred are often not diagnosed or are insufficiently treated. Closed lesions are the most frequently missed diagnosis, but even severe open lesions may be incorrectly treated. Most of these hand and wrist injuries can have a strong negative impact on long-term quality of life, particularly when treatment of these injuries is poor or delayed. Orthopaedic and hand surgeons should be vigilant in their assessment and treatment of patients with multiple injuries and a global approach, based on the advanced trauma life support (ATLS)-protocol, must be applied. The very common association of head, chest, abdomen, bone and soft-tissue lesions in the polytraumatised patient requires a multidisciplinary team approach from the beginning. The energy of trauma in these patients often causes complex injuries to the wrist and hand; these require correct treatment in terms of both timing and techniques. It is not possible to create a practical, useful guideline with a "one lesion-one solution" approach, because every case is different; therefore, this paper describes a spectrum of indications and techniques that may be useful in managing hand and wrist injuries, particularly in polytraumatised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ciclamini
- U.O.C Muscoloskeletal Traumatology, U.O.D. Microsurgery, C.T.O. Hospital, Torino, Italy.
| | - Bernardino Panero
- U.O.C Muscoloskeletal Traumatology, U.O.D. Microsurgery, C.T.O. Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Titolo
- U.O.C Muscoloskeletal Traumatology, U.O.D. Microsurgery, C.T.O. Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Tos
- U.O.C Muscoloskeletal Traumatology, U.O.D. Microsurgery, C.T.O. Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Bruno Battiston
- U.O.C Muscoloskeletal Traumatology, U.O.D. Microsurgery, C.T.O. Hospital, Torino, Italy
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Massoud AHA, Naam NH. Functional outcome of open reduction of chronic perilunate injuries. J Hand Surg Am 2012; 37:1852-60. [PMID: 22854256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Perilunate injuries are complex and occasionally go unrecognized acutely. Open reduction and internal fixation is a valid treatment option for these injuries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome of treating chronic perilunate injuries with open reduction and internal fixation. METHODS Between 1998 and 2007, we treated 24 patients for chronic perilunate injuries. We excluded 5 patients from this study because they underwent proximal row carpectomy or limited wrist arthrodesis. We treated the remaining 19 patients with open reduction and internal fixation. Mean time from injury to surgery was 29 weeks. All patients were men, with a mean age of 27 years. A total of 13 patients had fracture dislocations (group 1); of these, 11 were transscaphoid and 2 were transscaphoid transcapitate fracture dislocations. Six patients had perilunate dislocations (group 2). RESULTS Postoperative follow-up averaged 58 months. All carpal fractures healed at an average of 18 weeks. At final evaluation, the average pain scores during rest, daily activities, and manual work on a 20-point visual analog scale were 0, 2, and 3, respectively, with no significant difference between groups. The active extension and flexion of the wrist averaged 39% and 52% of the uninjured side, respectively. Grip strength averaged 87% of the uninvolved extremity. According to the Mayo wrist scoring system, 58% of all patients (69% of group 1 and 33% of group 2) achieved good to excellent results. A total of 18 patients returned to their original work activities; 14 patients (74%) were very satisfied. No patients required secondary procedures. CONCLUSIONS Despite late presentation, patients with chronic perilunate injuries can be treated with open reduction internal fixation, with satisfactory results. Patients with lesser arc injuries have less successful outcome. Patients with irreducible dislocations or major articular damage may require wrist salvage procedures.
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13
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Nunn H, Nunn DL. Determination of difficult concepts in the interpretation of musculoskeletal radiographs using a web-based learning/teaching tool. Radiography (Lond) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Risk management and avoiding legal pitfalls in the emergency treatment of high-risk orthopedic injuries. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2010; 28:969-96. [PMID: 20971400 DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Avoiding legal pitfalls of orthopedic injuries in the emergency department (ED) requires an understanding of certain high-risk injuries, their presentation, evaluation, and disposition. Various pitfalls pertaining to both upper and lower extremity injuries are discussed in detail, with recommendations regarding the history, physical examination, and radiographic techniques that minimize the risk inherent in these injuries. When approaching these injuries in the ED, a high level of suspicion coupled with appropriate evaluation and management will allow the practitioner to avoid mismanagement of these potential pitfall cases.
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Kremer T, Wendt M, Riedel K, Sauerbier M, Germann G, Bickert B. Open reduction for perilunate injuries--clinical outcome and patient satisfaction. J Hand Surg Am 2010; 35:1599-606. [PMID: 20888496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Perilunate injuries cause severe carpal malalignment. Open reduction and internal fixation of these injuries has become the treatment of choice. This study evaluated clinical outcome and the patients' perception of disability in activities of daily living after open reduction, ligament reconstruction, and/or internal fixation of the scaphoid. In addition, potential prognostic factors for functional outcome and individual perceptions of disability were analyzed and compared with radiologic findings. METHODS This study consisted of a retrospective analysis of patients with perilunate dislocations or fracture dislocations (Mayfield stage 3/4) who were treated in a single institution from 1995 to 2004. Evaluation focused on postoperative radiologic results, range of motion, pain, sensitivity, grip strength, Mayo and Krimmer wrist scores, arthrosis, and the patients' disability in performing activities of daily living (according to the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score). RESULTS Of the 72 patients treated in the study period, 39 patients (all men) were available for complete follow-up (average, 65.5 mo). Thirty injuries were fracture dislocations; the dominant hand was injured in 14 cases. Normal scapholunate (SL) angles and Gilula arcs were achieved intraoperatively in 34 and 25 cases, respectively. At follow-up, 18 patients had larger than normal SL angles, and 6 patients had ulnar shifting of the carpus. Twenty patients were diagnosed with radiocarpal arthrosis. According to the Visual Analog Scale, pain was 1.8 at rest and 4.8 with activities. Average extension/flexion was 77°; radial/ulnar abduction was reduced to 42°. Average grip strength was reduced to an average of 36.6 kg (compared with 51.6 kg on the opposite side). Twenty-seven patients returned to their former occupations. Average Mayo and Krimmer wrist scores were both 70. The average Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score was 23. CONCLUSIONS Satisfactory results can be achieved with open reduction for perilunate injuries. However, despite this treatment, loss of reduction and arthrosis are frequent findings. Radiologic results do not necessarily correlate with functional outcome; high patient satisfaction was observed in this study. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kremer
- Department for Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Plastic and Hand Surgery, The University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Strasse 13, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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Yung E, Asavasopon S, Godges JJ. Screening for head, neck, and shoulder pathology in patients with upper extremity signs and symptoms. J Hand Ther 2010; 23:173-85; quiz 186. [PMID: 20149960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED NARRATIVE REVIEW: Conditions of the head, neck, thorax, and shoulder may occur simultaneously with arm pathology or produce symptoms perceived by the patient to originate in the elbow, wrist, or hand. Identification of the tissue disorder and associated impairments, followed by matching the rehabilitative intervention to address these issues, leads to optimal outcomes. With this goal in mind, the hand therapist needs to recognize clinical findings that signal potentially serious medical conditions of the brain, cervical region, chest, or shoulder. Additionally, less serious but potentially debilitating, musculoskeletal or neurogenic pain from proximal sources must also be differentiated from somatic pain originating in the elbow, wrist, or hand so that the clinician can decide to further examine and intervene or refer to an appropriate health care provider. This article describes clinical findings that suggest the presence of serious medical pathology in the head, neck, or thorax and presents a screening algorithm to assist in discriminating pain derived from local structures in the distal arm from referred pain originating in the more proximal regions of the shoulder, thorax, neck, or brain. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Yung
- Orthopaedic Physical Therapy Residency Program, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90034, USA.
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17
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Szabo RM. Scapholunate ligament repair with capsulodesis reinforcement. J Hand Surg Am 2008; 33:1645-54. [PMID: 18984352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The typical presentation of an acute scapholunate dislocation is swelling, pain, and deformity following acute trauma to the wrist. Radiographs corroborate a gross disturbance of carpal relationships. In a dorsal perilunate dislocation, the lateral radiograph shows the longitudinal axis of the capitate dorsal to the longitudinal axis of the radius and the proximal pole of the scaphoid rotated dorsally. A scapholunate angle of greater than 70 degrees on the lateral view is 1 accepted radiographic criterion for identifying an acute scapholunate dissociation. In the posterior-anterior (PA) projection, the carpus is foreshortened. A scapholunate interval of >2 mm is seen on the PA x-ray (Terry Thomas sign). The lunate is triangular instead of quadrangular in shape. Although closed reduction is possible, maintaining an anatomical reduction is extremely difficult. Therefore, all of these injuries require open reduction and internal fixation and repair of the scapholunate interosseous ligament. Although originally advocated for the treatment of some forms of chronic scapholunate dislocations (>3 months old), dorsal capsulodesis can be useful to reinforce the scapholunate interosseous ligament repair in the subacute setting (>3 weeks old).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Szabo
- University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Davis, CA 95817, USA.
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Baker K. Chronic pain syndromes in the emergency department: identifying guidelines for management. Emerg Med Australas 2005; 17:57-64. [PMID: 15675906 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-6723.2005.00690.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore current literature on chronic pain syndromes and develop ED recommendations for the management and minimalization of chronic non-cancer pain. METHODS A focused literature review. RESULTS Chronic pain is a common presentation to the ED but is poorly understood and managed. Research into the psychophysiology of chronic pain shows that there are definite changes in the receptive and processing pathways in patients suffering chronic pain syndromes. Evidence shows the effectiveness of early recognition with multimodal treatment, however high level evidence is lacking. All experts recommend balanced drug therapy, cognitive and behavioural interventions. Certain interventions are appropriate to the ED setting. CONCLUSIONS Emergency Medicine lacks a cohesive, informed strategy for management of chronic pain. The proposed guidelines represent the first step toward establishing consistency in the management of patients with chronic pain syndromes. Further work needs to be undertaken at a national level in developing evidence based guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Baker
- Emergency Department, Ipswich Emergency Department, Ipswich General Hospital, Chelmsford Ave, Ipswich, Queensland 4305, Australia.
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Schwendenwein E, Wozasek GE, Hajdu S, Vécsei V. Okkulte skapholunäre Dissoziation bei distaler Radiusfraktur. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2003; 115:580-3. [PMID: 14531171 DOI: 10.1007/bf03040452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical consequences of scapholunate dissociation associated with fractures of the distal radius and the impact on wrist function. Fractures of the distal radius and scapholunate dissociation overlap in pathomechanics. The diagnosis however is frequently missed initially. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed 45 consecutive patients with closed distal radius fractures with a mean follow up of 48 months. Ten patients underwent surgery and 35 patients were treated by fracture reduction and cast immobilization during 4.5 (range 3 to 8) weeks. All patients were re-examined clinically and radiographs of both wrists were compared. RESULTS Four patients showed evidence of SLD in the scapholunate joint region based on specific criteria (scapholunate gaps > 2 mm on anterior-posterior radiograph and the scapholunate angle > 60 degrees on lateral radiograph). All patients with SLD showed a poor radioulnar deviation. Three patients reported mild to moderate pain. DISCUSSION The difficulties in management of SLD may be avoided by early detection and treatment. In all investigated patients the diagnosis was missed after the initial trauma. Untreated SLD can lead to carpal collapse and arthrosis of the wrist, and ultimately to scapholunate advanced collapse.
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