Platelet collagen receptor alpha2beta1 integrin and glycoprotein IIIa Pl(A1/A2) polymorphisms are not associated with nephropathy in type 2 diabetes

Association of BglII Polymorphism in ITGA2 and (894G/T and -786T/C) Polymorphisms in eNOS Gene With Stroke Susceptibility in Tunisian Patients α2 Gene Polymorphism in α2β1 Integrin and eNOS Gene Variants and Stroke

BACKGROUND

This study investigated the association of BglII polymorphism in α2β1 integrin gene (ITGA2) and eNOS (894G/T and -786T/C) polymorphisms with ischemic stroke (IS) in Tunisian patients.

METHODS

The study comprised 210 patients with IS and 208 controls. The genotypes of the BglII polymorphism in ITGA2 and eNOS (894G/T and -786T/C) polymorphisms were determined using the PCR-RFLP. The χ² test was used and the genotype data comparison included heterozygous groups. Haplotype estimation and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the significance of polymorphisms.

RESULTS

The genotype distribution of the BglII polymorphism was significantly different between cases and controls (p < 0.004). This polymorphism was associated with the risk of IS (OR = 3.38, p < 0.001) for the BglII(+/+) genotype. Likewise, the genotype distributions of eNOS (894G/T and -786T/C) polymorphisms were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.005 and p < 0.01, respectively). The 894G/T polymorphism increased the risk of IS for the TT genotype (OR = 2.23, p < 0.008) and the GT genotype (OR = 1.74, p < 0.009). In addition, the -786T/C variant in the eNOS gene was a risk factor for IS for CC homozygous (OR = 2.52, p < 0.005). T-C Haplotype (OR = 3.06) from combination of the eNOS (894G/T and -786T/C) and T-C-BglII(+) haplotype (OR = 2.76) from combination of eNOS and ITGA2 polymorphisms represented high risks for IS.

CONCLUSIONS

This study suggests that the BglII variant in ITGA2 is associated with IS susceptibility. Furthermore, the 894G/T and -786T/C polymorphisms in the eNOS gene may be considered as genetic risk factors for IS in the Tunisian population.

Apoptosis of Platelets Inhibited By Herba Sarcandrae Extract through the Mitochondria Pathway

The purpose of the present study is to decode the underlying mechanism of Herba Sarcandrae that indicated antipurpuric effect and to unveil one of its primary components, flavonoids, which play an important role. An immune mediated bone marrow failure (BMF) model in mouse was established by infusion thymus suspension cells after radiation in vivo. Platelets isolated in vitro were prepared from normal mice and BMF mice, respectively. The expressions of PS, P-selectin, PAC-1, Bax, Bad, Bid, and caspase-9 were examined by flow cytometry, and alteration of morphology of platelets under different conditions was observed. Our results indicated that the number of platelets was increased by addition of total flavonoids, and some of apoptotic markers such as Bax, Bad, Bid, and Caspase-9 were downregulated. In addition, the phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on platelets was inhibited by total flavonoids, and the expressions of PAC-1 and P-selectin were decreased. In conclusion, it is suggested that the total flavonoids of Herba Sarcandrae may inhibit the excessive platelet apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway. In addition, activation of platelets may be also involved in mediating apoptosis of platelets.

Predictive role of multilocus genetic polymorphisms in cardiovascular disease and inflammation-related genes on chronic kidney disease in Type 2 diabetes--an 8-year prospective cohort analysis of 1163 patients

BACKGROUND

Chinese diabetic patients are at greater risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) than Caucasian counterparts. In this hypothesis-generating study, we examined the independent and joint effects of multiple genetic variants on CKD in a prospective Chinese cohort of Type 2 diabetic patients.

METHODS

Seventy-seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 54 candidate genes for cardiorenal diseases and inflammation were genotyped in 1163 patients with no past history of CKD at baseline. CKD was defined as the first estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) or the first hospitalization with a diagnosis of renal disease.

RESULTS

In Cox-regression analysis, 15 SNPs of 13 genes were associated with incident CKD. After correction for multiple comparisons, 6 SNPs including PON1 55Met, PON2 311Cys CETP-629C, ITGA2 873A, LTA 26Asn and LTA 252Gly remained independently associated with CKD, with respective hazard ratios (95% confidence interval):2.6 (1.4-4.8, P = 0.002), 1.5 (1.2-1.9, P = 0.003), 1.4 (1.1-1.7, P = 0.001), 2.2 (1.3-3.7, P = 0.002), 1.6 (1.1-2.2, P = 0.008) and 1.5 (1.1-2.1, P = 0.019). Analysis of joint effect of the six SNPs showed stepwise increase in risk of CKD with the accumulation of risk alleles and weighted genetic risk score (P(trend) = 8.9 × 10(-7) and 4.0 × 10(-5), respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

In Type 2 diabetes, there are independent and joint effects of multiple genetic variants on risk of CKD. Risk associations with PON1, PON2, CETP, ITGA2 and LTA genetic polymorphisms underline the importance of lipid metabolism, haemostasis and inflammation in the development of CKD in patients with Type 2 diabetes.

A candidate gene approach to genetic prognostic factors of IgA nephropathy--a result of Polymorphism REsearch to DIstinguish genetic factors Contributing To progression of IgA Nephropathy (PREDICT-IgAN)

BACKGROUND

Renal prognosis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is affected by environmental and genetic factors. Other studies demonstrated that some atherosclerotic disease-related genes were significantly associated with renal prognosis.

METHODS

The Polymorphism REsearch to DIstinguish genetic factors Contributing To progression of IgAN (PREDICT-IgAN) was a multicentre retrospective observational study to investigate associations between progression of IgAN (a 50% increase of serum creatinine level and slope of eGFR) and a hundred atherosclerotic disease-related gene polymorphisms, mainly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 320 IgAN patients who had more than a normal range of urinary protein (> or =0.25 g/day) at diagnosis.

RESULTS

During 8.3 +/- 4.2 years of a follow-up period, 83 patients (25.9%) developed progression. In log-rank tests, glycoprotein Ia GPIa C807T and G873A and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ICAM-1 A1548G (K469E) were found to be significantly associated with progression even after adjustment for multiple comparisons by the method of Bonferroni (adjusted P = 0.0174, 0.0176 and 0.0430, respectively). In a multivariate Cox proportional-hazards model, GPIa 807TT (873CC) [versus 807TT, adjusted hazard ratio 2.05 (95% confidence interval 1.13-3.71)] and ICAM-1 1548GG [versus 1548AA, 2.55 (1.40-4.65)] were identified as independent genetic predictors of progression, along with conventional clinical prognostic factors such as eGFR, urinary protein and use of antihypertensives at diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS

PREDICT-IgAN distinguished GPIa C807T/ G873A and ICAM-1 A1548G from multiple athero- sclerotic disease-related gene polymorphisms by their predictive indicator for progression of IgAN.

Relationship of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism with nephropathy associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Asian Indians

OBJECTIVE

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, but the pathogenesis of this condition is not exactly understood. Several studies from different parts of the world have examined angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism as a candidate for DN. Two studies yielding controversial results have been reported from India. To rule out this discrepancy, we carried out a hospital-based study on a cohort from our population to determine whether ACE gene polymorphism is associated with DN.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

ACE gene polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction in 460 individuals consisting of 174 cases of DN, 175 cases of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and 111 controls. The DN cases included in the study were Type 2 DM cases with serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dl and serum albumin >30 mg/dl in a 24-h urine sample.

RESULTS

ACE insertion/deletion genotyping analysis showed DD genotype in 22.75% of DN cases, 15.42% of Type 2 DM cases, and 21.62% of controls. Chi-square test between the DN group and the control group did not show a significant difference in D allele. However, the difference was significant at P<.05 between the DN group and the DM group. The odds ratio was 2.0953 (95% confidence interval=1.35-3.2522), indicating a significant association of DD genotype and D allele with DN.

CONCLUSION

Our data enable us to conclude that Asian Indians with D allele and Type 2 DM are at greater risk for developing DN.

Platelet glycoprotein Ia C807T, Ib C3550T, and IIIa Pl(A1/A2) polymorphisms and ischemic stroke in young Taiwanese

Platelet plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of thrombotic cardiovascular diseases. Recently, the polymorphism of platelet glycoprotein (GP) genes has been reported to be associated with an increased risk for ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between platelet GP genetic variants and ischemic stroke in young Taiwanese. We conducted a case-control study in 157 young ischemic stroke patients recruited between September 2001 and March 2003 and 157 age- and sex-matched controls. The genotypes of platelet GP Ia C807T, GP Ib C3550T, and GP IIIa Pl(A1/A2) polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Student's t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression modeling were used for data analyses. The GP Ia C807T CC, CT and TT genotype frequencies were similar between patients (50.3%, 43.9%, 5.7%) and controls (53.5%, 38.9%, 7.6%; p=0.58). There were no significant differences in GP Ib C3550T CC and CT genotype distributions between patients (91.1%, 8.9%) and controls (91.7%, 8.3%; p=0.84). Of all subjects, none carries GP IIIa Pl(A2) mutation. In conclusion, platelet GP Ia C807T and GP Ib C3550T polymorphisms in our population are less common compared with Caucasians, and GP IIIa Pl(A1/A2) genetic mutation is not found, and all of them are not associated with ischemic stroke in young Taiwanese.

BglII gene polymorphism of the alpha2beta1 integrin gene is a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes

Platelets are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. The BglII gene polymorphism of the alpha2beta1 integrin, which is a platelet collagen receptor, has been suggested as a genetic risk factor for diabetic retinopathy in Japanese subjects. The aim of this study was to look for a relationship between the BglII gene polymorphism of the alpha2beta1 integrin gene and the development of diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes. Subjects with type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (n=163) were compared with diabetic subjects without diabetic retinopathy (n=95). A significantly higher frequency of the BglII (+/+) genotype of the gene polymorphism of the alpha2beta1 integrin gene was found in patients with diabetic retinopathy compared with patients without diabetic retinopathy (19.6% vs 7.4%; P=0.008). The present study demonstrates that the BglII (+/+) genotype of the gene polymorphism of the alpha2beta1 integrin gene is an independent risk factor (odds ratio: 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.0-6.0; P<0.05) for diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes.