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Akhigbe RE, Adedamola Aminat BO, Akhigbe TM, Hamed MA. Glutamine Alleviates I/R-Induced Intestinal Injury and Dysmotility Via the Downregulation of Xanthine Oxidase/Uric Acid Signaling and Lactate Generation in Wistar Rats. J Surg Res 2024; 295:431-441. [PMID: 38070257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disruption of intestinal histoarchitecture and intestinal dysmotility is critical to intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury and xanthine oxidase (XO)/uric acid (UA) signaling and increased lactate generation have been reported to play a role. More so, glutamine treatment has been demonstrated to inhibit XO/UA signaling. However, the role of glutamine in intestinal IR injury-induced intestinal dysmotility and the associated mechanisms of action are unclear. Therefore, this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the role of glutamine in intestinal IR injury. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were acclimatized for two weeks and then randomized into four groups. The sham-operated, glutamine-treated, intestinal IR, and IR + glutamine groups. RESULTS Glutamine therapy attenuated the IR-induced increase in intestinal weight, disruption of intestinal histoarchitecture, and intestinal dysmotility. In addition, glutamine ameliorated IR-induced intestinal oxidative stress (increased malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities), inflammation (increased TNF-α and IL-1β), and apoptosis (increased caspase three activity). These events were accompanied by glutamine alleviation of IR-induced upregulation of intestinal nuclear factor kappa B, XO/UA, and lactate generation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, XO/UA signaling and lactate levels are key factors in IR-induced intestinal injury and dysmotility, and glutamine-mediated XO/UA/lactate modulation may attenuate IR-induced intestinal injury and dysmotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Eghoghosoa Akhigbe
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Tunmise Maryanne Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Breeding and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Agronomy, Osun State University, Osun State
| | - Moses Agbomhere Hamed
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Department of Research and Bioinformatics, The Brainwill Laboratory, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
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Canello V, Gravena K, Tovar M, Dias D, Gomide L, Bernardi N, Sabes A, Queiroz D, Melo G, Machado G, Lacerda Neto J. Metaloproteinases no tecido laminar do casco de equinos submetidos à obstrução intraluminal do cólon menor. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a expressão das MMP-2 e MMP-9 no tecido laminar do casco e o perfil leucocitário de equinos submetidos à obstrução intraluminal do cólon menor. Realizaram-se laparotomia e obstrução do cólon menor de oito equinos hígidos, utilizando-se uma bola inserida no lúmem intestinal. A bola foi inflada à pressão de 80mmHg e a obstrução foi mantida por quatro horas. Foram realizadas coletas sanguíneas antes da obstrução (M0), imediatamente após a desobstrução (M4) e a cada 12 horas após M4, até completar 72 horas (M12, M24, M36, M48, M60 e M72). As biópsias de casco foram realizadas em M0, M4 e M72, e as amostras foram submetidas à análise zimográfica. Foi observado aumento nos leucócitos em M12 e M24, decorrente do aumento de neutrófilos segmentados e bastonetes, os quais diminuíram a partir de M36. Segundo a técnica zimográfica, não se observaram alterações nos valores de MMP-2 e -9, possivelmente devido à baixa intensidade das lesões ocasionadas no cólon menor. Com isso, conclui-se que as alterações inflamatórias decorrentes da obstrução do cólon menor não foram suficientes para ocasionar alterações na expressão das MMP-2 e -9 no tecido laminar podal.
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The Modulatory Effect of Ischemia and Reperfusion on Arginine Vasopressin-Induced Arterial Reactions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3679048. [PMID: 27563664 PMCID: PMC4987452 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3679048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the Study. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of ischemia and reperfusion on the resistance of arteries to AVP (arginine vasopressin), with a particular emphasis on the role of smooth muscle cells in the action of vasopressin receptors and the role of the cGMP-associated signalling pathway. Materials and Methods. Experiment was performed on the perfunded tail arteries from male Wistar rats. The constriction triggered by AVP after 30 minutes of ischemia and 30 and 90 minutes of reperfusion was analysed. Analogous experiments were also carried out in the presence of 8Br-cGMP. Results. Ischemia reduces and reperfusion increases in a time-dependent manner the arterial reaction to AVP. The presence of 8Br-cGMP causes a significant decrease of arterial reactivity under study conditions. Conclusions. Ischemia and reperfusion modulate arterial contraction triggered by AVP. The effect of 8Br-cGMP on reactions, induced by AVP after ischemia and reperfusion, indicates that signalling pathway associated with nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP regulates the tension of the vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Gravena K, Hernandez-Tovar MC, Canello VA, Gomide LMW, Bernardi NS, Martins Dias DP, Queiroz DJ, Sabes AF, Lacerda-Neto JC. Clinical and Laboratorial Changes in Horses Subjected to a High-Pressure Modified Model of Small Colon Distention. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Douglas HF, Southwood LL, Meyer-Ficca ML, Hart SK, Meyer RG. The activity and inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2015; 25:528-37. [PMID: 26040949 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) enzyme and its inhibition in horses and explore its potential as a novel therapeutic target for equine intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by (1) identifying poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) as an indication of PARP1 activation in equine cells using available immunoblot analytical techniques, (2) inducing PARP1 activation in an in vitro oxidative DNA damage model, (3) and demonstrating the inhibition of PARP1 in equine cells using commercially available PARP1 inhibitors. DESIGN Experimental study. ANIMALS Blood samples were collected from systemically healthy ponies (n = 3) and horses (n = 3). INTERVENTIONS (1) Equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to 3 different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and were lysed at specific time points. PARP1 activity was then assessed by using immunoblot analyses to determine PAR levels. (2) Equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells were preincubated with defined concentrations of PARP1 inhibitors prior to H2 O2 -mediated PARP1 stimulation. PAR levels reflecting PARP1 activity were determined using immunoblot analyses. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Commercially available anti-PAR antibodies were used successfully to identify equine PAR. There was a significant increase in PAR accumulation following treatment with H2 O2 . All of the tested PARP inhibitors significantly reduced PAR accumulation to or below basal levels following treatment with H2 O2 . CONCLUSIONS This proof of principle study demonstrated that PAR, an indicator of PARP1 activity, can be identified in the equine species using immunoblot techniques, that equine PARP1 can be activated by H2 O2 -induced DNA damage, and that this activation can be inhibited by PARP1 enzyme inhibitors. The data suggest that the PARP1 pathway plays a role in the equine cellular response to oxidative DNA damage and supports its potential as a novel therapeutic target. Further research documenting an increase in PAR levels in vivo and the efficacy of PARP1 inhibitors in an equine intestinal ischemia-reperfusion model is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope F Douglas
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Louise L Southwood
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, 19348
| | | | - Samantha K Hart
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, 19348
| | - Ralph G Meyer
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
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Grosche A, Morton AJ, Graham AS, Polyak MMR, Freeman DE. Effect of large colon ischemia and reperfusion on concentrations of calprotectin and other clinicopathologic variables in jugular and colonic venous blood in horses. Am J Vet Res 2014; 74:1281-90. [PMID: 24066912 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.10.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of large colon ischemia and reperfusion on concentrations of the inflammatory neutrophilic protein calprotectin and other clinicopathologic variables in jugular and colonic venous blood in horses. ANIMALS 6 healthy horses. PROCEDURES Horses were anesthetized, and ischemia was induced for 1 hour followed by 4 hours of reperfusion in a segment of the pelvic flexure of the large colon. Blood samples were obtained before anesthesia, before induction of ischemia, 1 hour after the start of ischemia, and 1, 2, and 4 hours after the start of reperfusion from jugular veins and veins of the segment of the large colon that underwent ischemia and reperfusion. A sandwich ELISA was developed for detection of equine calprotectin. Serum calprotectin concentrations and values of blood gas, hematologic, and biochemical analysis variables were determined. RESULTS Large colon ischemia caused metabolic acidosis, a significant increase in lactate and potassium concentrations and creatine kinase activities, and a nonsignificant decrease in glucose concentrations in colonic venous blood samples. Values of these variables after reperfusion were similar to values before ischemia. Ischemia and reperfusion induced activation of an inflammatory response characterized by an increase in neutrophil cell turnover rate in jugular and colonic venous blood samples and calprotectin concentrations in colonic venous blood samples. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of this study suggested that large colon ischemia and reperfusion caused local and systemic inflammation in horses. Serum calprotectin concentration may be useful as a marker of this inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Grosche
- Island Whirl Equine Colic Research Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610., Shands Transplant Center at University of Florida, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL 32608
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Grosche A, Morton AJ, Graham AS, Valentine JF, Abbott JR, Polyak MMR, Freeman DE. Mucosal injury and inflammatory cells in response to brief ischaemia and reperfusion in the equine large colon. Equine Vet J 2012:16-25. [PMID: 21790750 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY Intestinal ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) can activate inflammatory cells in the equine colon, although effects on different types of inflammatory cells have received little attention. OBJECTIVES To assess early mucosal injury, the reaction of mucosal neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells and macrophages, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 expression in response to I/R in the equine large colon. METHODS Large colon ischaemia was induced for 1 h (1hI) followed by 4 h of reperfusion in 6 horses, and mucosal biopsies were sampled before and after ischaemia, and after 1, 2 and 4 h of reperfusion. Semithin sections (500 nm) of epon-embedded biopsies were stained with toluidine blue for histomorphometric evaluation. The number and distribution of mucosal macrophages (CD163), neutrophils (calprotectin), eosinophils (LUNA) and mast cells (toluidine blue) were determined, and mucosal COX-1 and -2 expression was identified. RESULTS Ischaemia caused epithelial cell and nuclear swelling (mean ± s.e. nuclear width; control: 2.7 ± 0.2 µm vs. 1hI: 4.2 ± 0.2 µm; P<0.01), subepithelial oedema (control: 0.2 ± 0.1 µm vs. 1hI: 3.2 ± 0.2 µm; P<0.01) and increased epithelial apoptosis (control: 14.3 ± 4.1 apoptotic cells/mm mucosa vs. 1hI: 60.4 ± 14.0 apoptotic cells/mm mucosa; P<0.01). COX-2 expression (P<0.01) was evident after ischaemia. Reperfusion caused paracellular fluid accumulation (control: 0.9 ± 0.1 µm vs. 1hI: 0.6 ± 0.6 µm vs. 1hI + 4hR: 1.6 ± 0.2 µm; P<0.05). Epithelial repair started at 1 h of reperfusion (P<0.001), followed by migration of neutrophils into the mucosa after 2 h (control: 72.3 ± 18.4 cells/mm(2) mucosa vs. 1hI + 2hR: 1149.9 ± 220.6 cells/mm(2) mucosa; P<0.01). Mucosal eosinophils, mast cells and macrophages did not increase in numbers but were activated. CONCLUSIONS Epithelial injury and COX-2 expression caused by short-term hypoxia were followed by intense inflammation associated with epithelial repair during reperfusion. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Equine colonic mucosa subjected to a brief period of ischaemia can repair during reperfusion, despite increased mucosal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grosche
- Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Shands at University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Grosche A, Morton AJ, Graham AS, Sanchez LC, Blikslager AT, Polyak MMR, Freeman DE. Ultrastructural changes in the equine colonic mucosa after ischaemia and reperfusion. Equine Vet J 2012:8-15. [PMID: 21790749 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00402.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY Ultrastructural changes in the epithelium can provide information on early changes in barrier properties, repair and inflammation in equine colon after ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R). OBJECTIVES To describe the morphology and ultrastructure of the epithelium in equine large colonic mucosa after I/R, and the response of inflammatory cells to injury. METHODS Ischaemia was induced for 1 h followed by 4 h of reperfusion in a 40 cm segment of the pelvic flexure in 6 horses. Mucosal biopsies before and after ischaemia, and after 1, 2 and 4 h of reperfusion were fixed in glutaraldehyde/paraformaldehyde and osmium tetroxide, and embedded in epon. Morphological and ultrastructural changes were evaluated in toluidine blue-stained semithin sections by light microscopy and in thin sections stained with uranyl acetate/lead citrate by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Ischaemia caused swelling of epithelial cells and their organelles, opening of tight junctions, detachment from the basement membrane, early apoptosis and single cell necrosis. Autophagy was a prominent feature in epithelial cells after ischaemia. Reperfusion was characterised by apoptosis, epithelial regeneration and restoration of apical cell junctions. Phagocytic-like vacuoles containing cellular debris and bacteria were evident in epithelial cells after reperfusion. Paracellular and subepithelial clefts formed, accompanied by infiltration of neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils into the epithelium. Subepithelial macrophages and luminal neutrophils had increased phagocytic activity. CONCLUSIONS Ischaemia caused ultrastructural damage to the colonic epithelium, but epithelial cells recovered during reperfusion. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Transmission electron microscopy can demonstrate subtle ultrastructural damage to epithelial cells and evidence of recovery after I/R in equine colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grosche
- Island Whirl Equine Colic Research Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, FL, USA.
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Ergun Y, Koc A, Dolapcioglu K, Akaydin Y, Dogruer G, Kontas T, Kozlu T, Aslan E. The protective effect of erythropoietin and dimethylsulfoxide on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat ovary. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010; 152:186-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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