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Yamada S, Honzawa Y, Yamamoto S, Matsuura M, Kitamoto H, Okabe M, Kakiuchi N, Toyonaga T, Kobayashi T, Hibi T, Seno H, Nakase H. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of the MEFV Gene E148Q Are Highly Associated With Disease Phenotype in Crohn's Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:970-980. [PMID: 37951297 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MEFV gene may modify inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity. The prevalence of MEFV gene SNPs in IBD patients and their involvement in IBD pathophysiology remains unclear. METHODS We analyzed 12 MEFV gene SNPs in peripheral leukocytes of Japanese IBD patients (Crohn's disease [CD]: 69 patients, ulcerative colitis: 32 patients) by polymerase chain reaction using next-generation DNA sequencing and evaluated their prevalence and association with the disease characteristics. Inflammasome activity and mature interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 production were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from CD patients stimulated with lipopolysaccharides and adenosine triphosphate, and compared between those with and without the E148Q SNP. COL1A1 and HSP47 gene expression was analyzed in CCD-18Co cells costimulated with IL-1β and other inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS The prevalence of MEFV gene SNPs in IBD patients was similar to that in the human gene database. E148Q was the most common SNP. Compared with CD patients without E148Q, those with E148Q had a significantly greater frequency of the stricture phenotype, and their peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited significantly higher IL-1β and IL-18 levels and higher caspase-1 activity. IL-1β and IL-17A synergistically increased COL1A1 and HSP47 gene expression. CONCLUSIONS MEFV gene SNPs, including E148Q, modify the behavior of CD. IL-1β and IL-18 are produced through enhanced caspase-1 activity in monocytes of CD patients with E148Q. IL-1β promotes gene expression of fibrosis-related genes by cooperating with IL-17A in myofibroblasts. Therefore, E148Q might be a disease-modifying gene associated with the fibrostenosis phenotype in CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Honzawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Shuji Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Matsuura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kitamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Okabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kakiuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiko Toyonaga
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Kobayashi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Hibi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Wetwittayakhlang P, Lakatos PL. Unravelling the Smoke Trail: Maternal Smoking, Childhood Exposure, and their Impact on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Crohns Colitis 2024; 18:659-660. [PMID: 38498342 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Panu Wetwittayakhlang
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter L Lakatos
- Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Kayali S, Fantasia S, Gaiani F, Cavallaro LG, de'Angelis GL, Laghi L. NOD2 and Crohn's Disease Clinical Practice: From Epidemiology to Diagnosis and Therapy, Rewired. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae075. [PMID: 38582044 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with a multifactorial pathogenesis involving environmental and genetic factors. Since the late 20th century, the discovery of the first susceptibility gene (NOD2, previously referred to as CARD15) for CD has paved the way for further investigations into the correlations between clinical features and genetics, and its potential impact on clinical practice has fueled the research in the last 2 decades. Recent therapeutic advancements involving novel biologic drugs and small molecules have shifted inflammatory bowel disease management from a disease-centered to a patient-centric approach. To date, the role of NOD2 has not been fully understood yet. Recent data suggest that its clinical impact may be greater than currently recognized. This review overviews the most common NOD2 variants' role in real-life clinical practice. These genetic variants increase the risk of developing the disease and can aid in tailoring diagnosis and treatment. They are associated with the stricturing phenotype and ileal involvement and increase the risk of steroid refractoriness. In the meantime, limited and inconclusive evidence exists regarding their predictive role in response to azathioprine, biologic drugs, and small molecules. Eventually, their role in increasing the risk for surgery is evident, especially in those with the L1007fs variant. If further trials will support the initial evidence reported so far, NOD2 genetic variants will emerge as possible candidates for developing precision medicine in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Kayali
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Fantasia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Gaiani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Luigi Laghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Italy
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4
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El Hadad J, Schreiner P, Vavricka SR, Greuter T. The Genetics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mol Diagn Ther 2024; 28:27-35. [PMID: 37847439 PMCID: PMC10787003 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00678-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The genetic background of inflammatory bowel disease, both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, has been known for more than 2 decades. In the last 20 years, genome-wide association studies have dramatically increased our knowledge on the genetics of inflammatory bowel disease with more than 200 risk genes having been identified. Paralleling this increasing knowledge, the armamentarium of inflammatory bowel disease medications has been growing constantly. With more available therapeutic options, treatment decisions become more complex, with still many patients experiencing a debilitating disease course and a loss of response to treatment over time. With a better understanding of the disease, more effective personalized treatment strategies are looming on the horizon. Genotyping has long been considered a strategy for treatment decisions, such as the detection of thiopurine S-methyltransferase and nudix hydrolase 15 polymorphisms before the initiation of azathioprine. However, although many risk genes have been identified in inflammatory bowel disease, a substantial impact of genetic risk assessment on therapeutic strategies and disease outcome is still missing. In this review, we discuss the genetic background of inflammatory bowel disease, with a particular focus on the latest advances in the field and their potential impact on management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina El Hadad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Triemli Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schreiner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan R Vavricka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Greuter
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Lausanne-CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, GZO Zurich Regional Health Center, Spitalstrasse 66, 8620, Wetzikon, Switzerland.
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5
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Monteleone G, Moscardelli A, Colella A, Marafini I, Salvatori S. Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: Common and different pathogenic and clinical features. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103410. [PMID: 37597601 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The term "immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs)" refers to several inflammatory pathologies of multifactorial etiology and involving either simultaneously or sequentially more organs. IMIDs share some common pathogenic mechanisms, which account for some similarities in the clinical course and the impact that these diseases may have on other organs and systems of the body. However, there are some differences in the IMID-associated pathological process, including the synthesis and function of multiple inflammatory cytokines, which are supposed to perpetuate the tissue-damaging inflammation. This justifies the different indications and responsiveness to corticosteroids, immunosuppressors, small molecules, and biologics. Many individuals with IMIDs are, however, intolerant, or unresponsive to the current drugs, thus suggesting the necessity of novel therapeutic approaches, such as the combination of compounds that either inhibit more immuno-inflammatory networks selectively or simultaneously suppress inflammatory signals and activate counter-regulatory pathways. In this article, we highlight the most relevant features of IMIDs and discuss how clinicians can combat the detrimental immune response in such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Monteleone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Alice Colella
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Marafini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Salvatori
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Shon WJ, Song JW, Oh SH, Lee KH, Seong H, You HJ, Seong JK, Shin DM. Gut taste receptor type 1 member 3 is an intrinsic regulator of Western diet-induced intestinal inflammation. BMC Med 2023; 21:165. [PMID: 37118698 PMCID: PMC10148556 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02848-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term intake of a Western diet (WD), characterized by a high-fat content and sugary drinks, is hypothesized to contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite the identified clinical association, the molecular mechanisms by which dietary changes contribute to IBD development remain unknown. Therefore, we examined the influence of long-term intake of a WD on intestinal inflammation and the mechanisms by which WD intake affects IBD development. METHODS Mice fed normal diet or WD for 10 weeks, and bowel inflammation was evaluated through pathohistological and infiltrated inflammatory cell assessments. To understand the role of intestinal taste receptor type 1 member 3 (TAS1R3) in WD-induced intestinal inflammation, cultured enteroendocrine cells harboring TAS1R3, subjected to RNA interference or antagonist treatment, and Tas1r3-deficient mice were used. RNA-sequencing, flow cytometry, 16S metagenomic sequencing, and bioinformatics analyses were performed to examine the involved mechanisms. To demonstrate their clinical relevance, intestinal biopsies from patients with IBD and mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis were analyzed. RESULTS Our study revealed for the first time that intestinal TAS1R3 is a critical mediator of WD-induced intestinal inflammation. WD-fed mice showed marked TAS1R3 overexpression with hallmarks of serious bowel inflammation. Conversely, mice lacking TAS1R3 failed to exhibit inflammatory responses to WD. Mechanistically, intestinal transcriptome analysis revealed that Tas1r3 deficiency suppressed mTOR signaling, significantly increasing the expression of PPARγ (a major mucosal defense enhancer) and upregulating the expression of PPARγ target-gene (tight junction protein and antimicrobial peptide). The gut microbiota of Tas1r3-deficient mice showed expansion of butyrate-producing Clostridia. Moreover, an increased expression of host PPARγ-signaling pathway proteins was positively correlated with butyrate-producing microbes, suggesting that intestinal TAS1R3 regulates the relationship between host metabolism and gut microflora in response to dietary factors. In cultured intestinal cells, regulation of the TAS1R3-mTOR-PPARγ axis was critical for triggering an inflammatory response via proinflammatory cytokine production and secretion. Abnormal regulation of the axis was observed in patients with IBD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the TAS1R3-mTOR-PPARγ axis in the gut links Western diet consumption with intestinal inflammation and is a potential therapeutic target for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jeong Shon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University College of Human Ecology, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Won Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University College of Human Ecology, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University College of Human Ecology, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon-Hee Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University College of Human Ecology, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hobin Seong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University College of Human Ecology, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju You
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Mi Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University College of Human Ecology, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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7
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Ohkusa T, Nishikawa Y, Sato N. Gastrointestinal disorders and intestinal bacteria: Advances in research and applications in therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:935676. [PMID: 36825261 PMCID: PMC9941163 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.935676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bacteria coexist with humans and play a role in suppressing the invasion of pathogens, producing short-chain fatty acids, producing vitamins, and controlling the immune system. Studies have been carried out on culturable bacterial species using bacterial culture methods for many years. However, as metagenomic analysis of bacterial genes has been developed since the 1990s, it has recently revealed that many bacteria in the intestine cannot be cultured and that approximately 1,000 species and 40 trillion bacteria are present in the gut microbiota. Furthermore, the composition of the microbiota is different in each disease state compared with the healthy state, and dysbiosis has received much attention as a cause of various diseases. Regarding gastrointestinal diseases, dysbiosis has been reported to be involved in inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Recent findings have also suggested that dysbiosis is involved in colon cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, and so on. This review focuses on the relationship between the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal/hepatobiliary diseases and also discusses new therapies targeting the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuriko Nishikawa
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Sato
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Ashton JJ, Seaby EG, Beattie RM, Ennis S. NOD2 in Crohn's disease- unfinished business. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 17:450-458. [PMID: 36006803 PMCID: PMC10069614 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies of Crohn's disease consistently implicate NOD2 as the most important gene in disease pathogenesis since first being identified in 2001. Since this point, genome-wide association, next-generation sequencing, and functional analyses have all confirmed a key role for NOD2, but despite this, NOD2 also has significant unresolved complexity. More recent studies have reinvigorated an early hypothesis that NOD2 may be a single-gene cause of disease, and the distinct ileal stricturing phenotype seen with NOD2-related disease presents an opportunity for personalised diagnosis, disease prediction and targeted therapy. The genomics of NOD2 has much that remains unknown, including the role of rare variation, phasing of variants across the haplotype block and the role of variation in the NOD2-regulatory regions. Here, we discuss the evidence and the unmet needs of NOD2-research, based on recently published evidence, and suggest methods that may meet these requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Ashton
- Department of Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Eleanor G Seaby
- Department of Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - R Mark Beattie
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Sarah Ennis
- Department of Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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9
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Lee JE, Kim KS, Koh H, Lee DW, Kang NJ. Diet-Induced Host-Microbe Interactions: Personalized Diet Strategies for Improving Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac110. [PMID: 36060223 PMCID: PMC9429970 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic inflammatory disease. Environmental sanitization, modern lifestyles, advanced medicines, ethnic origins, host genetics and immune systems, mucosal barrier function, and the gut microbiota have been delineated to explain how they cause mucosal inflammation. However, the pathogenesis of IBD and its therapeutic targets remain elusive. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the human gut microbiota in health and disease, suggesting that the pathogenesis of IBD is highly associated with imbalances of the gut microbiota or alterations of epithelial barrier function in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Moreover, diet-induced alterations of the gut microbiota in the GI tract modulate immune responses and perturb metabolic homeostasis. This review summarizes recent findings on IBD and its association with diet-induced changes in the gut microbiota; furthermore, it discusses how diets can modulate host gut microbes and immune systems, potentiating the impact of personalized diets on therapeutic targets for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Eun Lee
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Su Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam Joo Kang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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10
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Hayat S, Asad A, Hasan I, Jahan I, Papri N, Howlader ZH, Islam Z. Nucleotide oligomerization domain polymorphism confers no risk to Guillain-Barré syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand 2022; 146:177-185. [PMID: 35652365 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins are cytoplasmic receptors that play important roles in host innate immune responses to pathogens by recognizing self or non-self-molecules and have been implicated in many autoimmune diseases including Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The current study investigated whether NOD polymorphisms (NOD1-Glu266Lys, rs2075820, and NOD2- [Arg702Trp, rs2066844 and Gly908Arg, rs2066845]) contribute to ligand sensing and thus affect the susceptibility and/or severity of GBS. MATERIALS AND METHODS We determined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NOD gene (NOD1-Glu266Lys and NOD2-[Arg702Trp; Gly908Ar]) in 303 patients with GBS and 303 healthy controls from Bangladesh by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and Sanger sequencing. Genotypes and allele frequencies were compared by performing chi-squared or Fisher's exact test with Yates' continuity correction. Serology for Campylobacter jejuni and anti-GM1 antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. RESULTS NOD variants (NOD1-Glu266Lys and NOD2- [Arg702Trp; Gly908Arg]) were not associated with susceptibility and severity of GBS when compared with healthy controls and mild or severe form of disease. Moreover, NOD2 polymorphisms showed wild-type NOD2 C2104 and NOD2 G2722, respectively, with homozygous Arg/Arg genotype of NOD2 (Arg702Trp) polymorphism and homozygous Gly/Gly genotype of NOD2 (Gly908Arg) for all study subjects in Bangladesh. Homogenous distribution of NOD1 genotypes was observed in patients with axonal and demyelinating form of GBS. CONCLUSIONS NOD variants confer no risk to the susceptibility and severity of GBS. Moreover, NOD2 polymorphism is rare or absent in patients with GBS as well as in the healthy individuals of Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoma Hayat
- Laboratory of Gut‐Brain Signaling Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Asaduzzaman Asad
- Laboratory of Gut‐Brain Signaling Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Imran Hasan
- Laboratory of Gut‐Brain Signaling Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Israt Jahan
- Laboratory of Gut‐Brain Signaling Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Nowshin Papri
- Laboratory of Gut‐Brain Signaling Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) Dhaka Bangladesh
| | | | - Zhahirul Islam
- Laboratory of Gut‐Brain Signaling Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) Dhaka Bangladesh
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Agrawal M, Allin KH, Petralia F, Colombel JF, Jess T. Multiomics to elucidate inflammatory bowel disease risk factors and pathways. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:399-409. [PMID: 35301463 PMCID: PMC9214275 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated disease of the intestinal tract, with complex pathophysiology involving genetic, environmental, microbiome, immunological and potentially other factors. Epidemiological data have provided important insights into risk factors associated with IBD, but are limited by confounding, biases and data quality, especially when pertaining to risk factors in early life. Multiomics platforms provide granular high-throughput data on numerous variables simultaneously and can be leveraged to characterize molecular pathways and risk factors for chronic diseases, such as IBD. Herein, we describe omics platforms that can advance our understanding of IBD risk factors and pathways, and available omics data on IBD and other relevant diseases. We highlight knowledge gaps and emphasize the importance of birth, at-risk and pre-diagnostic cohorts, and neonatal blood spots in omics analyses in IBD. Finally, we discuss network analysis, a powerful bioinformatics tool to assemble high-throughput data and derive clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Agrawal
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kristine H Allin
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Francesca Petralia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tine Jess
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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12
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The risk of antibiotics and enterocolitis for the development of inflammatory bowel disease: a Japanese administrative database analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7604. [PMID: 35534662 PMCID: PMC9085770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11646-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that antibiotic use and enterocolitis increase the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in western countries. However, these risk factors have not yet been identified in Asian populations. This study aimed to investigate the risk of IBD development associated with antibiotic use and enterocolitis in Japan. A Japanese health insurance claims database was used to identify patients recently diagnosed with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) along with five matched participants without IBD. Episodes of antibiotic use and enterocolitis for 1 and 2 years before the date of diagnosis were analyzed using a conditional regression test. A total of 371 patients with CD and 2420 with UC were included. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) increased in association with antibiotic use to 1.61 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26–2.05) and 1.20 (95% CI 1.09–1.31) and enterocolitis to 3.40 (95% CI 2.60–4.44) and 2.14 (95% CI 1.88–2.43) in 1 year in CD and UC, respectively. The risk associated with antibiotics was independent of the number or type of antibiotics, and the risk associated with enterocolitis did not differ with the pathogen that caused the disease. However, prior exposure to antibiotic use and enterocolitis was associated with an increased risk of developing IBD.
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13
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Piestansky J, Olesova D, Matuskova M, Cizmarova I, Chalova P, Galba J, Majerova P, Mikus P, Kovac A. Amino acids in inflammatory bowel diseases: Modern diagnostic tools and methodologies. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 107:139-213. [PMID: 35337602 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are crucial building blocks of living organisms. Together with their derivatives, they participate in many intracellular processes to act as hormones, neuromodulators, and neurotransmitters. For several decades amino acids have been studied for their potential as markers of various diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases. Subsequent improvements in sample pretreatment, separation, and detection methods have enabled the specific and very sensitive determination of these molecules in multicomponent matrices-biological fluids and tissues. The information obtained from targeted amino acid analysis (biomarker-based analytical strategy) can be further used for early diagnostics, to monitor the course of the disease or compliance of the patients. This review will provide an insight into current knowledge about inflammatory bowel diseases, the role of proteinogenic amino acids in intestinal inflammation and modern analytical techniques used in its diagnosis and disease activity monitoring. Current advances in the analysis of amino acids focused on sample pretreatment, separation strategy, or detection methods are highlighted, and their potential in clinical laboratories is discussed. In addition, the latest clinical data obtained from the metabolomic profiling of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases are summarized with a focus on proteinogenic amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Piestansky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia; Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Olesova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Matuskova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Cizmarova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petra Chalova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Galba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petra Majerova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Mikus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia; Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Kovac
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Cheng WX, Ren Y, Lu MM, Xu LL, Gao JG, Chen D, Kalyani FS, Lv ZY, Chen CX, Ji F, Lin HN, Jin X. Palmitoylation in Crohn’s disease: Current status and future directions. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:8201-8215. [PMID: 35068865 PMCID: PMC8717020 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i48.8201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
S-palmitoylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications in nature; however, its importance has been overlooked for decades. Crohn’s disease (CD), a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation involving the entire gastrointestinal tract. Bowel damage and subsequent disabilities caused by CD are a growing global health issue. Well-acknowledged risk factors for CD include genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, such as a westernized lifestyle, and altered gut microbiota. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of this disorder are not yet comprehensively understood. With the rapidly increasing global prevalence of CD and the evident role of S-palmitoylation in CD, as recently reported, there is a need to investigate the relationship between CD and S-palmitoylation. In this review, we summarize the concept, detection, and function of S-palmitoylation as well as its potential effects on CD, and provide novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xin Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yue Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Miao-Miao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ling-Ling Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian-Guo Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Farhin Shaheed Kalyani
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zi-Yan Lv
- Wenzhou Medical University Renji College, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - He-Ning Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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Piovani D, Pansieri C, Kotha SRR, Piazza AC, Comberg CL, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Danese S, Bonovas S. Ethnic Differences in the Smoking-related Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:1658-1678. [PMID: 33721889 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The association between smoking and inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] relies on old meta-analyses including exclusively non-Jewish White populations. Uncertainty persists regarding the role of smoking in other ethnicities. METHODS We systematically searched Medline/PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for studies examining tobacco smoking and the risk of developing IBD, ie, Crohn's disease [CD] or ulcerative colitis [UC]. Two authors independently extracted study data and assessed each study's risk of bias. We examined heterogeneity and small-study effect, and calculated summary estimates using random-effects models. Stratified analyses and meta-regression were employed to study the association between study-level characteristics and effect estimates. The strength of epidemiological evidence was assessed through prespecified criteria. RESULTS We synthesised 57 studies examining the smoking-related risk of developing CD and UC. Non-Jewish White smokers were at increased risk of CD (29 studies; relative risk [RR]: 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.69‒2.24; moderate evidence). No association was observed in Asian, Jewish. and Latin-American populations [11 studies; RR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.83-1.13], with no evidence of heterogeneity across these ethnicities. Smokers were at reduced risk of UC [51 studies; RR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.48-0.64; weak evidence] irrespectively of ethnicity; however, cohort studies, large studies, and those recently published showed attenuated associations. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis did not identify any increased risk of CD in smokers in ethnicities other than non-Jewish Whites, and confirmed the protective effect of smoking on UC occurrence. Future research should characterise the genetic background of CD patients across different ethnicities to improve our understanding of the role of smoking in CD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Piovani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Pansieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Soumya R R Kotha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Amanda C Piazza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Inserm NGERE U1256, University Hospital of Nancy, University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Silvio Danese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefanos Bonovas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Fiocchi C, Dragoni G, Iliopoulos D, Katsanos K, Ramirez VH, Suzuki K, Torres J, Scharl M. Results of the Seventh Scientific Workshop of ECCO: Precision Medicine in IBD-What, Why, and How. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:1410-1430. [PMID: 33733656 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many diseases that affect modern humans fall in the category of complex diseases, thus called because they result from a combination of multiple aetiological and pathogenic factors. Regardless of the organ or system affected, complex diseases present major challenges in diagnosis, classification, and management. Current forms of therapy are usually applied in an indiscriminate fashion based on clinical information, but even the most advanced drugs only benefit a limited number of patients and to a variable and unpredictable degree. This 'one measure does not fit all' situation has spurred the notion that therapy for complex disease should be tailored to individual patients or groups of patients, giving rise to the notion of 'precision medicine' [PM]. Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is a prototypical complex disease where the need for PM has become increasingly clear. This prompted the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation to focus the Seventh Scientific Workshop on this emerging theme. The articles in this special issue of the Journal address the various complementary aspects of PM in IBD, including what PM is; why it is needed and how it can be used; how PM can contribute to prediction and prevention of IBD; how IBD PM can aid in prognosis and improve response to therapy; and the challenges and future directions of PM in IBD. This first article of this series is structured on three simple concepts [what, why, and how] and addresses the definition of PM, discusses the rationale for the need of PM in IBD, and outlines the methodology required to implement PM in IBD in a correct and clinically meaningful way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, and Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gabriele Dragoni
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence,Italy.,IBD Referral Center, Gastroenterology Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence,Italy
| | | | - Konstantinos Katsanos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ioannina School of Health Sciences, Ioannina,Greece
| | - Vicent Hernandez Ramirez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xerencia Xestión Integrada de Vigo, and Research Group in Digestive Diseases, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute [IIS Galicia Sur], SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Kohei Suzuki
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,USA
| | | | - Joana Torres
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Riansuwan W, Limsrivilai J. Current status of IBD and surgery of Crohn's disease in Thailand. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2021; 5:597-603. [PMID: 34585044 PMCID: PMC8452468 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consists of two diseases: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The incidence of IBD is much higher in Western countries compared to Asian countries, especially in Thailand. The incidence of UC in Thailand is quite low and seems less aggressive than in Western countries. Over the past two decades, the evolution of UC management in Thailand has led to a reduction in hospitalization and colectomy rate. Regarding CD, the majority of patients have an inflammatory phenotype at diagnosis. Diagnosis of CD remains challenging in Thailand as the time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis is quite delayed, possibly due to unawareness and difficulty in the differential diagnosis between CD and other infectious entero-colitis such as intestinal tuberculosis. With a significant trend to early initiation of immunomodulators and biologics, the cumulative rate of surgery after diagnosis has been improved. To improve the outcomes of CD treatment in Thailand, physicians need more awareness to recognize the disease, which results in early diagnosis, prevention of long-term complications, and reduction in the rate of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woramin Riansuwan
- Colorectal Surgery UnitDivision of General SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryFaculty of Medicine Siriraj HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Julajak Limsrivilai
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineFaculty of Medicine Siriraj HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
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Song EM, Lee HS, Kim YJ, Oh EH, Ham NS, Kim J, Hwang SW, Park SH, Yang DH, Ye BD, Byeon JS, Myung SJ, Yang SK. Clinical outcomes and long-term prognosis of perianal Crohn's disease in an Asian population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:1571-1579. [PMID: 33091187 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The clinical impact of perianal Crohn's disease (CD) (pCD), a well-known poor prognostic factor of CD, has not been fully evaluated in Asian patients. We investigated the outcomes of CD in Korean patients according to the presence of pCD at CD diagnosis. METHODS Using 2010-2014 data from the national health insurance claims database, we evaluated the disease course of CD according to the presence of pCD at CD diagnosis. The results were verified in a hospital-based cohort of 2923 patients. RESULTS The cumulative risk of intestinal resection was lower in patients with pCD at diagnosis than in those without, in the population-based cohort (9.1% vs 14.7% at 5 years after diagnosis, P < 0.001), but it was similar between the two groups in the hospital-based cohort (36.8% vs 36.8% at 10 years after diagnosis, P = 0.950). Moreover, the cumulative risk of behavioral progression was not significantly different between the two groups in the hospital-based cohort (43.4% vs 41.6% at 10 years after diagnosis, P = 0.366). On multivariable analysis, pCD at CD diagnosis was not a predictor of intestinal resection, behavioral progression, CD-related hospital admission, or diverting surgery; however, it was an independent predictor of proctectomy (hazard ratio [HR] 3.210, P < 0.001) and anorectal cancer (HR 3.104, P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS Although the presence of pCD increased the risk of proctectomy and anorectal cancer in Asian patients, the clinical impact of pCD on the overall outcomes of patients with CD may be less significant in Asian patients compared with Western patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho-Su Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye-Jee Kim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Hye Oh
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam Seok Ham
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongseok Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Wook Hwang
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyoung Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byong Duk Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Sik Byeon
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Myung
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suk-Kyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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Kobayashi T, Siegmund B, Le Berre C, Wei SC, Ferrante M, Shen B, Bernstein CN, Danese S, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Hibi T. Ulcerative colitis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2020; 6:74. [PMID: 32913180 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-020-0205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 739] [Impact Index Per Article: 184.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown aetiology affecting the colon and rectum. Multiple factors, such as genetic background, environmental and luminal factors, and mucosal immune dysregulation, have been suggested to contribute to UC pathogenesis. UC has evolved into a global burden given its high incidence in developed countries and the substantial increase in incidence in developing countries. An improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying UC has led to the emergence of new treatments. Since the early 2000s, anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) treatment has significantly improved treatment outcomes. Advances in medical treatments have enabled a paradigm shift in treatment goals from symptomatic relief to endoscopic and histological healing to achieve better long-term outcomes and, consequently, diagnostic modalities have also been improved to monitor disease activity more tightly. Despite these improvements in patient care, a substantial proportion of patients, for example, those who are refractory to medical treatment or those who develop colitis-associated colorectal dysplasia or cancer, still require restorative proctocolectomy. The development of novel drugs and improvement of the treatment strategy by implementing personalized medicine are warranted to achieve optimal disease control. However, delineating the aetiology of UC is necessary to ultimately achieve disease cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kobayashi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charite-Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Catherine Le Berre
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy University Hospital, Inserm U1256 NGERE, Lorraine University, Lorraine, France
| | - Shu Chen Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Marc Ferrante
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bo Shen
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre and Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Silvio Danese
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS - and Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy University Hospital, Inserm U1256 NGERE, Lorraine University, Lorraine, France
| | - Toshifumi Hibi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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20
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Kakuta Y, Nakano T, Naito T, Watanabe K, Izumiyama Y, Okamoto D, Ichikawa R, Moroi R, Kuroha M, Kanazawa Y, Kimura T, Shiga H, Naitoh T, Kinouchi Y, Unno M, Masamune A. Repertoire analysis of memory T-cell receptors in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease. JGH OPEN 2020; 4:624-631. [PMID: 32782948 PMCID: PMC7411559 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim The T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire was assessed in response to various antigens and was considered to be associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Thus, we performed TCR repertoire analysis to examine the pathology of IBD from changes in the TCR repertoire of memory T cells in the intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with IBD. Methods LPMCs in the surgical specimens and PBMCs were isolated from 12 patients with IBD (5 patients with ulcerative colitis [UC] and 7 patients with Crohn's disease [CD]). PBMCs were collected from 10 healthy individuals as controls. Comprehensive TCR sequence analyses of adaptor‐ligation polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were performed using MiSeq. Results The diversity of TCR‐α and TCR‐β in PBMCs was significantly lower in patients with IBD than that in controls (P = 0.00084 and 0.0013, respectively). Comparisons of TCR diversity in LPMCs and PBMCs between CD and UC showed that the diversity in LPMC was not affected by diseases, whereas that in PBMCs was significantly lower in CD than in UC (P = 0.045 and 0.049, respectively). Some TCR clones may have shown a specific increase or decrease in CD and UC, and many clones were common to both LPMCs and PBMCs in the same patients. Conclusion The diversity of TCR clones in LPMCs and PBMCs in patients with IBD was significantly lower than that of PBMCs in controls. TCR diversity in PBMCs was particularly low in patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kakuta
- Division of Gastroenterology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Takeru Nakano
- Division of Gastroenterology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Takeo Naito
- Division of Gastroenterology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Surgery Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Izumiyama
- Division of Gastroenterology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Daisuke Okamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Ryo Ichikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Rintaro Moroi
- Division of Gastroenterology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Masatake Kuroha
- Division of Gastroenterology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Yoshitake Kanazawa
- Division of Gastroenterology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Tomoya Kimura
- Division of Gastroenterology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Hisashi Shiga
- Division of Gastroenterology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Takeshi Naitoh
- Department of Surgery Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kinouchi
- Student Health Care Center, Institute for Excellence in Higher Education Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
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21
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Okabayashi S, Kobayashi T, Hibi T. Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Japan-Is It Similar to or Different from Westerns? J Anus Rectum Colon 2020; 4:1-13. [PMID: 32002471 PMCID: PMC6989123 DOI: 10.23922/jarc.2019-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, the most common types of inflammatory bowel disease, are idiopathic, intractable disease characterized by chronic inflammation in the intestine. In recent years, studies elucidating the clinical characteristics of these diseases and basic researches have suggested that the diseases are induced by the immunological abnormalities through the involvement of environmental factors with their predisposition. In Japan, significant progress of basic and epidemiological researches has been developed for these diseases and the clinical guidelines have been established. However, no fundamental treatment for these diseases has been established yet. The current number of patients in Japan continues to increase, with at least 180,000 patients suffering from ulcerative colitis and 40,000 suffering from Crohn's disease. Thus, further studies are required to understand these diseases and improve medical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Okabayashi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Kobayashi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Hibi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Thomas T, Chandan JS, Li VSW, Lai CY, Tang W, Bhala N, Kaplan GG, Ng SC, Ghosh S. Global smoking trends in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review of inception cohorts. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221961. [PMID: 31545811 PMCID: PMC6756556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The effect of smoking on the risk of developing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) may be heterogeneous across ethnicity and geography. Although trends in smoking for the general population are well described, it is unknown whether these can be extrapolated to the IBD cohort. Smoking prevalence trends specific to the global IBD cohort over time have not been previously reported. This is a systematic review of smoking prevalence specific to the IBD cohort across geography. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted on Medline and Embase from January 1st 1946 to April 5th 2018 to identify population-based studies assessing the prevalence of smoking at diagnosis in inception cohorts of Crohn’s disease(CD) or ulcerative colitis(UC). Studies that did not report smoking data from time of diagnosis or the year of IBD diagnosis were excluded. Prevalence of smoking in IBD was stratified by geography and across time. Results We identified 56 studies that were eligible for inclusion. Smoking prevalence data at diagnosis of CD and UC was collected from twenty and twenty-five countries respectively. Never-smokers in the newly diagnosed CD population in the West has increased over the last two decades, especially in the United Kingdom and Sweden; +26.6% and +11.2% respectively. Never-smokers at CD diagnosis in newly industrialised nations have decreased over the 1990s and 2000s; China (-19.36%). Never-smokers at UC diagnosis also decreased in China; -15.4%. The former-smoker population at UC diagnosis in China is expanding; 11%(1990–2006) to 34%(2011–2013). Conclusion There has been a reduction in the prevalence of smoking in the IBD cohort in the West. This is not consistent globally. Although, smoking prevalence has decreased in the general population of newly industrialised nations, this remains an important risk factor with longer term outcomes awaiting translation in both UC and CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Thomas
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Joht Singh Chandan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Venice Sze Wai Li
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk Yin Lai
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Whitney Tang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Neeraj Bhala
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gilaad G. Kaplan
- Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Siew C. Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Birmingham, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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23
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Banerjee R, Pal P, Hutfless S, Ganesh BG, Reddy DN. Familial aggregation of inflammatory bowel disease in India: prevalence, risks and impact on disease behavior. Intest Res 2019; 17:486-495. [PMID: 31370386 PMCID: PMC6821951 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2018.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Information about familial aggregation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Asia is limited. We aimed to analyze the prevalence and risk of familial IBD in an Indian cohort and compare familial and sporadic cases. Methods Familial IBD cases were identified from a large prospectively maintained IBD registry. The prevalence of IBD in first- and seconddegree relatives of index cases was evaluated. The disease behavior was compared to that of sporadic cases. Results Total 3,553 patients (ulcerative colitis [UC], 2,053; Crohn’s disease [CD], 1,500) were included. Familial IBD was noted in 4.13% of CD and 4.34% of UC patients. Family history was commoner in pediatric group (< 18 years) (P= 0.0002; odds ratio [OR], 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6–4.8). Majority had paternal transmission (UC, 67.42%; CD, 70.97%). Concordance of disease type was higher in UC (79.7%) compared to CD (37.1%). Familial IBD was associated with higher cumulative relapse rate (CD, P< 0.001; UC, P< 0.001), higher cumulative rate of surgery (CD, P< 0.001; UC, P< 0.001) and higher rate of biologic use (CD, P= 0.010; UC, P= 0.015). Pan-colitis was higher in familial UC (P= 0.003; OR, 1.935; 95% CI, 1.248–3.000). Fistulizing disease was commoner in familial CD (P= 0.041; OR, 2.044; 95% CI, 1.030–4.056). Conclusions The prevalence of familial IBD in India appears comparable to rest of Asia but lower than the West. It is associated with a younger age of onset, higher incidence of pan-colitis in UC and fistulizing complications in CD. Familial IBD has higher cumulative relapse, surgery and biologic use rates. Hence, family history of IBD could have important prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Banerjee
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Partha Pal
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Susan Hutfless
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B Girish Ganesh
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
| | - D Nageshwar Reddy
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
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24
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Kono M, Sakurai T, Okamoto K, Nagai T, Komeda Y, Kashida H, Minaga K, Kamata K, Takenaka M, Hagiwara S, Watanabe T, Nishida N, Enoki E, Inoue H, Matsumura I, Kudo M. Usefulness of Ustekinumab for Treating a Case of Myelodysplastic Syndrome-associated Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Intern Med 2019; 58:2029-2033. [PMID: 30996178 PMCID: PMC6702013 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2495-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) occur in association with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). MDS-associated IBD frequently demonstrates a complicated course. We herein report the first case with MDS-associated IBD that was successfully treated with ustekinumab (UST), an anti-interleukin (IL) 12/23p40 monoclonal antibody. A 63-year-old man with a 7-year history of MDS was referred for examination of diarrhea, abdominal pain and fever. A blood examination revealed a marked elevation of C-reactive protein. Colonoscopy showed multiple ulcers in the terminal ileum. He was resistant to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α antibody and azacitidine. Subsequently, UST treatment reduced colonic IL-17 and IL-6 expression and the patient currently maintains a state of remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Sakurai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuki Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nagai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoriaki Komeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kashida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ken Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mamoru Takenaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Satoru Hagiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naoshi Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Eisuke Enoki
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Inoue
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Itaru Matsumura
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
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25
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Watanabe T, Minaga K, Kamata K, Sakurai T, Komeda Y, Nagai T, Kitani A, Tajima M, Fuss IJ, Kudo M, Strober W. RICK/RIP2 is a NOD2-independent nodal point of gut inflammation. Int Immunol 2019; 31:669-683. [PMID: 31132297 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that inhibition of receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase (RICK) (also known as RIP2) results in amelioration of experimental colitis. This role has largely been attributed to nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) signaling since the latter is considered a major inducer of RICK activation. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanisms accounting for RICK-mediated inhibition of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In an initial series of studies focused on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-colitis and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-colitis we showed that down-regulation of intestinal RICK expression in NOD2-intact mice by intra-rectal administration of a plasmid expressing RICK-specific siRNA was accompanied by down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in the colon and protection of the mice from experimental colitis. Somewhat surprisingly, intra-rectal administration of RICK-siRNA also inhibited TNBS-colitis and DSS-colitis in NOD2-deficient and in NOD1/NOD2-double deficient mice. In complementary studies of humans with IBD we found that expression of RICK, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (cIAP2) and downstream signaling partners were markedly increased in inflamed tissue of IBD compared to controls without marked elevations of NOD1 or NOD2 expression. In addition, the increase in RICK expression correlated with disease activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses. These studies thus suggest that NOD1- or NOD2-independenent activation of RICK plays a major role in both murine experimental colitis and human IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan.,Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kosuke Minaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Sakurai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoriaki Komeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nagai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kitani
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Masaki Tajima
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ivan J Fuss
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Warren Strober
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Identification of functional missense single-nucleotide polymorphisms in TNFAIP3 in a predominantly Hispanic population. J Clin Transl Sci 2019; 2:350-355. [PMID: 31131138 PMCID: PMC6530917 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2019.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) is a multifunctional ubiquitin binding and editing enzyme that regulates inflammation. Genetic studies have implicated polymorphisms within the TNFAIP3 locus to the development of numerous immune-related diseases. This study evaluated the frequencies of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) within the exonic regions of the TNFAIP3 gene and an associated point mutation from the Illumina array among a predominantly Hispanic cohort. Methods: Genomic DNA was obtained from 721 participants and sequencing of all TNFAIP3 exons and an intergenic point mutation (rs6920220) was performed. In-vitro functional assessment was performed by transfecting mutated TNFAIP3 constructs into TNFAIP3 knockout cells containing the NF-kB luciferase reporter and stimulating with TNFα. Comparative statistics were performed with Student’s t-test for continuous variables and chi-squared test for categorical variables. Results: Sequencing revealed two missense SNPs, rs146534657:A>G and rs2230926:T>G, both within exon 3 of TNFAIP3, which encodes the protein’s deubiquitinating enzymatic domain. Frequencies of all three point mutations differed significantly across racial groups (χ2-test, P = 0.014 to P < 0.001). Compared to Caucasians, rs146534657:A>G was overrepresented among Hispanics (odds ratio (OR) [95% CI] 4.05 [1.24−13.18]), and rs2230926:T>G was more prevalent among African-Americans (OR [95% CI] 3.65 [1.58−8.43]). In-vitro assays confirm rs146534657:A>G and rs2230926:T>G decrease the ability of TNFAIP3 to abrogate NF-κB activation by 2-fold (P < 0.01) and 1.7-fold (P < 0.01), respectively. Conclusions: This study reports the frequency of rs146534657:A>G among Hispanics and is the first to evaluate its potential physiologic impact, establishing a basis for future research as a potential biomarker among this population.
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27
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Kakuta Y, Kawai Y, Naito T, Hirano A, Umeno J, Fuyuno Y, Liu Z, Li D, Nakano T, Izumiyama Y, Ichikawa R, Okamoto D, Nagai H, Matsumoto S, Yamamoto K, Yokoyama N, Chiba H, Shimoyama Y, Onodera M, Moroi R, Kuroha M, Kanazawa Y, Kimura T, Shiga H, Endo K, Negoro K, Yasuda J, Esaki M, Tokunaga K, Nakamura M, Matsumoto T, McGovern DPB, Nagasaki M, Kinouchi Y, Shimosegawa T, Masamune A. A Genome-wide Association Study Identifying RAP1A as a Novel Susceptibility Gene for Crohn's Disease in Japanese Individuals. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:648-658. [PMID: 30500874 PMCID: PMC7458277 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Genome-wide association studies [GWASs] of European populations have identified numerous susceptibility loci for Crohn's disease [CD]. Susceptibility genes differ by ethnicity, however, so GWASs specific for Asian populations are required. This study aimed to clarify the Japanese-specific genetic background for CD by a GWAS using the Japonica array [JPA] and subsequent imputation with the 1KJPN reference panel. METHODS Two independent Japanese case/control sets (Tohoku region [379 CD patients, 1621 controls] and Kyushu region [334 CD patients, 462 controls]) were included. GWASs were performed separately for each population, followed by a meta-analysis. Two additional replication sets [254 + 516 CD patients and 287 + 565 controls] were analysed for top hit single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] from novel genomic regions. RESULTS Genotype data of 4 335 144 SNPs from 713 Japanese CD patients and 2083 controls were analysed. SNPs located in TNFSF15 (rs78898421, Pmeta = 2.59 × 10-26, odds ratio [OR] = 2.10), HLA-DQB1 [rs184950714, pmeta = 3.56 × 10-19, OR = 2.05], ZNF365, and 4p14 loci were significantly associated with CD in Japanese individuals. Replication analyses were performed for four novel candidate loci [p <1 × 10-6], and rs488200 located upstream of RAP1A was significantly associated with CD [pcombined = 4.36 × 10-8, OR = 1.31]. Transcriptome analysis of CD4+ effector memory T cells from lamina propria mononuclear cells of CD patients revealed a significant association of rs488200 with RAP1A expression. CONCLUSIONS RAP1A is a novel susceptibility locus for CD in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kakuta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan,Corresponding author: Yoichi Kakuta, MD, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan. Tel.: +81-22-717-7171; fax: +81-22-717-7177;
| | - Yosuke Kawai
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organisation, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takeo Naito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junji Umeno
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuta Fuyuno
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- F. Widjaja Family Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dalin Li
- F. Widjaja Family Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takeru Nakano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Izumiyama
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Ichikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shin Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Yamamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naonobu Yokoyama
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Chiba
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shimoyama
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Onodera
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rintaro Moroi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masatake Kuroha
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Kanazawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shiga
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsuya Endo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenichi Negoro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jun Yasuda
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organisation, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Motohiro Esaki
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Nakamura
- Clinical Research Centre, National Hospital Organisation [NHO] Nagasaki Medical Centre, Omura, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F. Widjaja Family Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Masao Nagasaki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organisation, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kinouchi
- Health Administration Centre, Centre for the Advancement of Higher Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Chun J, Im JP, Kim JW, Lee KL, Choi CH, Kim H, Cheon JH, Ye BD, Kim YH, Kim YS, Jeen YT, Han DS, Kim WH, Kim JS. Association of Perianal Fistulas with Clinical Features and Prognosis of Crohn's Disease in Korea: Results from the CONNECT Study. Gut Liver 2019; 12:544-554. [PMID: 30037171 PMCID: PMC6143449 DOI: 10.5009/gnl18157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The disease course and factors associated with poor prognosis in Korean patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) have not been fully determined. The aim of this study was to explore potential associations between the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of CD and perianal fistulas in a Korean population. Methods The retrospective Crohn’s Disease Clinical Network and Cohort (CONNECT) study enrolled patients diagnosed with CD between July 1982 and December 2008 from 32 hospitals. Those followed for <12 months were excluded. Clinical outcomes were CD-related surgery and complications, including nonperianal fistulas, strictures, and intra-abdominal abscesses. Results The mean follow-up period was 8.77 years (range, 1.0 to 25.8 years). A total of 1,193 CD patients were enrolled, of whom 465 (39.0%) experienced perianal fistulas. Perianal fistulizing CD was significantly associated with younger age, male gender, CD diagnosed at primary care clinics, and ileocolonic involvement. Both nonperianal fistulas (p=0.034) and intra-abdominal abscesses (p=0.020) were significantly more common in CD patients with perianal fistulas than in those without perianal fistulas. The rates of complicated strictures and CD-related surgery were similar between the groups. Independently associated factors of nonperianal fistulas were perianal fistulas (p=0.015), female gender (p=0.048), CD diagnosed at referral hospital (p=0.003), and upper gastrointestinal (UGI) involvement (p=0.001). Furthermore, perianal fistulas (p=0.048) and UGI involvement (p=0.012) were independently associated with the risk of intra-abdominal abscesses. Conclusions Perianal fistulas predicted the development of nonperianal fistulas and intra-abdominal abscesses in Korean CD patients. Therefore, patients with perianal fistulizing CD should be carefully monitored for complicated fistulas or abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoung Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Pil Im
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kook Lae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byong Duk Ye
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Tae Jeen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Won Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Shader RI. Assumptions in Clinical Trial Designs and Therapies. Clin Ther 2018; 40:1789-1795. [PMID: 30396515 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Moon CM, Kim SW, Ahn JB, Ma HW, Che X, Kim TI, Kim WH, Cheon JH. Deep Resequencing of Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Genes Identifies Novel Variants in Candidate Genes in the Korean Population. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:1706-1717. [PMID: 29733354 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies and meta-analyses have revealed the genetic background of ulcerative colitis (UC) by identifying common variants. However, these variants do not fully explain the disease variance in UC. To identify novel variants, we performed deep resequencing of UC-associated genes in Korean UC patients and subsequently investigated the functional roles of identified susceptibility genes. METHODS We performed targeted deep resequencing of 108 genes in 24 Korean UC patients and then performed association analysis with data from 126 healthy controls. We validated these variants using 2-stage replication studies including 793 UC patients and 783 controls. We performed in silico and pathway analyses and functional analyses. RESULTS The combined analysis including 2 replication studies identified 6 novel susceptibility loci and reconfirmed 10 previously reported loci. Among the novel single nucleotide variants (SNVs), rs10035653 in C5orf55 (P = 2.08 × 10-3; OR = 1.50), rs41417449 in BTNL2 (P = 1.27 × 10-2; OR = 1.32), rs3117099 in HCG23 (P = 9.98 × 10-6; OR = 1.40), rs7192 in HLA-DRA (P = 6.95 × 10-9; OR = 1.57), and rs3744246 in ORMDL3 (P = 2.21 × 10-2; OR = 1.21) were identified as causal variants, whereas rs713669 in IL17REL (P = 2.69 × 10-2; OR = 0.84) as a protective variant for UC. When correcting multiple testing, 3 novel SNVs (rs41417449 in BTNL2, rs3744246 in ORMDL3, and rs713669 in IL17REL) and 4 previously reported SNVs did not reach a statistical significance. Functional study suggested that SNVs of BTNL2 and C5orf55 exacerbated the inflammatory response both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study identified 3 novel susceptibility loci and validated 6 previously reported SNVs for UC through deep resequencing in Koreans and revealed the functional roles of BTNL2 and C5orf55.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Mo Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Bum Ahn
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiumei Che
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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31
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Wu WK, Sun R, Zuo T, Tian Y, Zeng Z, Ho J, Wu JC, Chan FK, Chan MT, Yu J, Sung JJ, Wong SH, Wang MH, Ng SC. A novel susceptibility locus in MST1 and gene-gene interaction network for Crohn's disease in the Chinese population. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2368-2377. [PMID: 29441677 PMCID: PMC5867068 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Crohn's disease is increasing in many Asian countries, but considerable differences in genetic susceptibility have been reported between Western and Asian populations. This study aimed to fine-map 23 previously reported Crohn's disease genes and identify their interactions in the Chinese population by Illumina-based targeted capture sequencing. Our results showed that the genetic polymorphism A>G at rs144982232 in MST1 showed the most significant association (P = 1.78 × 10-5 ; odds ratio = 4.87). JAK2 rs1159782 (T>C) was also strongly associated with Crohn's disease (P = 2.34 × 10-4 ; odds ratio = 3.72). Gene-gene interaction analysis revealed significant interactions between MST1 and other susceptibility genes, including NOD2, MUC19 and ATG16L1 in contributing to Crohn's disease risk. Main genetic associations and gene-gene interactions were verified using ImmunoChip data set. In conclusion, a novel susceptibility locus in MST1 was identified. Our analysis suggests that MST1 might interact with key susceptibility genes involved in autophagy and bacterial recognition. These findings provide insight into the genetic architecture of Crohn's disease in Chinese and may partially explain the disparity of genetic signals in Crohn's disease susceptibility across different ethnic populations by highlighting the contribution of gene-gene interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William K.K. Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesInstitute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine & TherapeuticsLKS Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Rui Sun
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Tao Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesInstitute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine & TherapeuticsLKS Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Yuanyuan Tian
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Zhirong Zeng
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jeffery Ho
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Justin C.Y. Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesInstitute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine & TherapeuticsLKS Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Francis K.L. Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesInstitute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine & TherapeuticsLKS Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Matthew T.V. Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesInstitute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine & TherapeuticsLKS Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Joseph J.Y. Sung
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesInstitute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine & TherapeuticsLKS Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Sunny H. Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesInstitute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine & TherapeuticsLKS Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Maggie H. Wang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Siew C. Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesInstitute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine & TherapeuticsLKS Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
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32
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Kupka T, Simova J, Dvorackova J, Martinek L, Motyka O, Uvirova M, Dite P. Crohn's disease - genetic factors and progress of the disease. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2018; 162:139-143. [PMID: 29358789 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2017.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Crohn's disease is a multifactorial inflammatory disease affecting mainly the gastrointestinal tract. The genetic factors that are involved in the disease include mainly three mutations of the gene NOD2/CARD15 (R702W, G908R, 3020insC). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the presence of these variants and disease phenotype. MATERIAL AND METHODS 70 patients with Crohn's disease were examined for the presence of the above-mentioned mutations. The researchers used the medical records to retrospectively obtain clinical data and together with the information obtained prospectively according to the protocol they analysed the connection between gene mutations and disease phenotype. RESULTS At least one mutation was found in 22 patients with Crohn's disease (32%), four patients were found to have two different mutations (composed heterozygotes - 6%) and six patients (9%) were homozygotes for the 3020insC gene. No significant differences were found between the groups with wild-type form and the mutated form of the NOD2 / CARD15 gene with respect to age at the time of diagnosis, form of the disease or localization according to the Montreal classification. CONCLUSION Mutations of the NOD2 / CARD15 gene did not significantly affect the frequency of reoperations, homozygotes with 3020insC gene mutations, however, represented a high risk group. The phenotype was not related significantly to the presence of the examined mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Kupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Simova
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic.,CGB laborator, a.s., Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dvorackova
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Institute of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomir Martinek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Clinic of Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Oldrich Motyka
- Department of Inorganic Analysis, Centre of Nanotechnology, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Uvirova
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic.,CGB laborator, a.s., Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dite
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
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33
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Xu S, Zou H, Zhang H, Zhu S, Zhou R, Li J. Investigation of inflammatory bowel disease risk factors in 4 families in central China. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1367-1375. [PMID: 29399122 PMCID: PMC5774536 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is increasing markedly in China. The present study performed pedigree analysis of 4 families with a history of IBD and investigated the association of genetic and environmental factors with susceptibility to IBD. A total of 10 IBD patients (8 CD patients and 2 UC patients) and 90 family members were included in the present study. The clinical characteristics of familial subjects were compared with those of patients with sporadic IBD. Previously reported mutations, namely interleukin-10 receptor (IL10R)-A Thr84Ile, IL10RA Gly141Arg, IL10RB Trp159X, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) Cys203Tyr, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) Arg702Trp, NOD2 Gly908Arg and NOD2 Leu1007fsinsC, were screened in the patients with IBD, and selected demographic factors were compared between the patients and their unaffected family members. It was observed that single-gene and multi-gene inheritance patterns contributed to IBD in Chinese families. Based on data from the registry system, the ratio of patients with a family history of IBD was 1.25%, which was lower than that in the Western population. First-degree relatives were found to be more susceptible to IBD, and siblings were affected more frequently. Furthermore, the median age of diagnosis was younger in familial patients than in sporadic patients (29.0 vs. 36.0 for CD; 35.5 vs. 41.0 for UC). However, none of the 7 susceptibility loci were present in any of the familial patients. Immigration was a significant risk factor of IBD (odds ratio: 4.667; 95% confidence interval: 1.165-18.690; P=0.021). In conclusion, genetic heterogeneity exits between Chinese families with IBD and the Western population. The present findings suggest that genetic background and environmental factors serve a role in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zou
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Siying Zhu
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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34
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation due to a complex interaction of genetic determinants, disruption of mucosal barriers, aberrant inflammatory signals, loss of tolerance, and environmental triggers. Importantly, the incidence of pediatric IBD is rising, particularly in children younger than 10 years. In this review, we discuss the clinical presentation of these patients and highlight environmental exposures that may affect disease risk, particularly among people with a background genetic risk. With regard to both children and adults, we review advancements in understanding the intestinal epithelium, the mucosal immune system, and the resident microbiota, describing how dysfunction at any level can lead to diseases like IBD. We conclude with future directions for applying advances in IBD genetics to better understand pathogenesis and develop therapeutics targeting key pathogenic nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Peloquin
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and.,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; , , ,
| | - Gautam Goel
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; , , ,
| | - Eduardo J Villablanca
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and.,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; , , ,
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and.,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; , , , .,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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35
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Hibi T, Imai Y, Murata Y, Matsushima N, Zheng R, Gasink C. Efficacy and safety of ustekinumab in Japanese patients with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease: a subpopulation analysis of phase 3 induction and maintenance studies. Intest Res 2017; 15:475-486. [PMID: 29142515 PMCID: PMC5683978 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2017.15.4.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Efficacy and safety of ustekinumab were evaluated in a Japanese subpopulation with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease (CD) in UNITI-1, UNITI-2 and IM-UNITI studies and results were compared with the overall population. Methods Overall, patients in UNITI-1 (Japan, n=56; failed response to tumor necrosis factor antagonist) and UNITI-2 (Japan, n=26; failed response to prior conventional therapy) were randomized to placebo or ustekinumab intravenous induction (130 mg or ~6 mg/kg) at week 0. Responders to ustekinumab induction therapy (Japan, n=21) were randomized to placebo or ustekinumab (90 mg, subcutaneous) maintenance (every 12 weeks [q12w] or 8 weeks [q8w]) in IM-UNITI. The primary endpoint was clinical response at week 6 for induction studies and clinical remission at week 44 for maintenance study. Results Percentage of patients achieving clinical response at week 6 was greater in ustekinumab 130 mg and ~6 mg/kg groups than in the placebo group (UNITI-1: 36.8% and 31.6% vs. 27.8%, respectively, for Japanese; 34.3% and 33.7% vs. 21.5%, respectively, for overall; UNITI-2: 37.5% and 55.6% vs. 11.1%, respectively, for Japanese; 51.7% and 55.5% vs. 28.7%, respectively, for overall). Clinical remission rate at week 44 during maintenance was greater in the ustekinumab 90 mg SC q12w and q8w groups than in the placebo group (50.0% and 55.6% vs. 25.0%, respectively, for Japanese; 48.8% and 53.1% vs. 35.9%, respectively, for overall). Efficacy and safety results observed in the Japanese subpopulation were generally consistent with those in the overall population. Conclusions Ustekinumab could be considered as a new therapeutic option for moderately to severely active CD in Japanese patients. Both ustekinumab induction and maintenance treatments were generally well tolerated (Clinical Trial Registration: NCT01369329, NCT01369342, NCT01369355).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Hibi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Imai
- Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Gupta A, Bopanna S, Kedia S, Yadav DP, Goyal S, Jain S, Makharia G, Ahuja V. Familial aggregation of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with ulcerative colitis. Intest Res 2017; 15:388-394. [PMID: 28670236 PMCID: PMC5478764 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2017.15.3.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Familial occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is well documented. Reports from Western countries have shown a higher familial occurrence of ulcerative colitis (UC) in first- and second-degree relatives than that in the Asian UC population. No data are currently available from the Indian subcontinent in this regard. We present our data on the familial aggregation of UC. Methods Records of patients with UC followed at the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi from August 2004 to January 2016 were reviewed. Details regarding the prevalence of family history and characteristics of these patients were recorded. Affected family members were contacted and disease characteristics were noted for assessment of familial aggregation. Results Of the 2,058 UC patients included in the analysis, a positive family history of IBD was confirmed in 31 patients (1.5%), 24 (77.4%) of whom had only first-degree relatives affected. All the affected relatives had UC and none had Crohn's disease. Among first-degree relatives, siblings were found to have the highest prevalence of IBD (53.3%), followed by parents (26.7%). Conclusions The probability of occurrence of IBD in family members of affected North Indian UC patients is lower than that reported in Western populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshita Gupta
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sawan Bopanna
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Kedia
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dawesh Prakash Yadav
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Goyal
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saransh Jain
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Govind Makharia
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineet Ahuja
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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37
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Liu TC, Naito T, Liu Z, VanDussen KL, Haritunians T, Li D, Endo K, Kawai Y, Nagasaki M, Kinouchi Y, McGovern DP, Shimosegawa T, Kakuta Y, Stappenbeck TS. LRRK2 but not ATG16L1 is associated with Paneth cell defect in Japanese Crohn's disease patients. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e91917. [PMID: 28352666 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Morphological patterns of Paneth cells are a prognostic biomarker in Western Crohn's disease (CD) patients, and are associated with autophagy-associated ATG16L1 and NOD2 variants. We hypothesized that genetic determinants of Paneth cell phenotype in other ethnic CD cohorts are distinct but also involved in autophagy. METHODS. We performed a hypothesis-driven analysis of 56 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with CD susceptibility or known to affect Paneth cell function in 110 Japanese CD patients who underwent ileal resection. We subsequently performed a genome-wide association analysis. Paneth cell phenotype was determined by defensin-5 immunofluorescence. Selected genotype-Paneth cell defect correlations were compared to a Western CD cohort (n = 164). RESULTS. The average percentage of abnormal Paneth cells in Japanese CD was similar to Western CD (P = 0.87), and abnormal Paneth cell phenotype was also associated with early recurrence (P = 0.013). In contrast to Western CD, ATG16L1 T300A was not associated with Paneth cell defect in Japanese CD (P = 0.20). Among the 56 selected SNPs, only LRRK2 M2397T showed significant association with Paneth cell defect (P = 3.62 × 10-4), whereas in the Western CD cohort it was not (P = 0.76). Pathway analysis of LRRK2 and other candidate genes with P less than 5 × 10-4 showed connections with known CD susceptibility genes and links to autophagy and TNF-α networks. CONCLUSIONS. We found dichotomous effects of ATG16L1 and LRRK2 on Paneth cell defect between Japanese and Western CD. Genes affecting Paneth cell phenotype in Japanese CD were also associated with autophagy. Paneth cell phenotype also predicted prognosis in Japanese CD. FUNDING. Helmsley Charitable Trust, Doris Duke Foundation (grant 2014103), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (KAKENHI grants JP15H04805 and JP15K15284), Crohn's and Colitis Foundation grant 274415, NIH (grants 1R56DK095820, K01DK109081, and UL1 TR000448).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chiang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Takeo Naito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- F. Widjaja Family Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kelli L VanDussen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Talin Haritunians
- F. Widjaja Family Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dalin Li
- F. Widjaja Family Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Katsuya Endo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kawai
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masao Nagasaki
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kinouchi
- Health Administration Center, Center for the Advancement of Higher Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Dermot Pb McGovern
- F. Widjaja Family Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kakuta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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38
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Fujimoto K, Kinoshita M, Tanaka H, Okuzaki D, Shimada Y, Kayama H, Okumura R, Furuta Y, Narazaki M, Tamura A, Hatakeyama S, Ikawa M, Tsuchiya K, Watanabe M, Kumanogoh A, Tsukita S, Takeda K. Regulation of intestinal homeostasis by the ulcerative colitis-associated gene RNF186. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:446-459. [PMID: 27381925 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies and subsequent deep sequencing analysis have identified susceptible loci for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) including ulcerative colitis (UC). A gene encoding RING finger protein 186 (RNF186) is located within UC-susceptible loci. However, it is unclear whether RNF186 is involved in IBD pathogenesis. Here, we show that RNF186 controls protein homeostasis in colonic epithelia and regulates intestinal inflammation. RNF186, which was highly expressed in colonic epithelia, acted as an E3 ligase mediating polyubiquitination of its substrates. Permeability of small organic molecules was augmented in the intestine of Rnf186-/- mice. Increased expression of several RNF186 substrates, such as occludin, was found in Rnf186-/- colonic epithelia. The disturbed protein homeostasis in Rnf186-/- mice correlated with enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in colonic epithelia and increased sensitivity to intestinal inflammation after dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment. Introduction of an UC-associated Rnf186 mutation led to impaired E3 ligase activity and increased sensitivity to DSS-induced intestinal inflammation in mice. Thus, RNF186 maintains gut homeostasis by controlling ER stress in colonic epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroo Tanaka
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- DNA-Chip Development Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shimada
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Kayama
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryu Okumura
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoki Furuta
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Narazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigetsugu Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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39
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Castaño-Rodríguez N, Kaakoush NO, Lee WS, Mitchell HM. Dual role of Helicobacter and Campylobacter species in IBD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut 2017; 66:235-249. [PMID: 26508508 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a comprehensive global systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and IBD. As bacterial antigen cross-reactivity has been postulated to be involved in this association, published data on enterohepatic Helicobacter spp (EHS) and Campylobacter spp and IBD was also analysed. DESIGN Electronic databases were searched up to July 2015 for all case-control studies on H. pylori infection/EHS/Campylobacter spp and IBD. Pooled ORs (P-OR) and 95% CIs were obtained using the random effects model. Heterogeneity, sensitivity and stratified analyses were performed. RESULTS Analyses comprising patients with Crohn's disease (CD), UC and IBD unclassified (IBDU), showed a consistent negative association between gastric H. pylori infection and IBD (P-OR: 0.43, p value <1e-10). This association appears to be stronger in patients with CD (P-OR: 0.38, p value <1e-10) and IBDU (P-OR: 0.43, p value=0.008) than UC (P-OR: 0.53, p value <1e-10). Stratification by age, ethnicity and medications showed significant results. In contrast to gastric H. pylori, non H. pylori-EHS (P-OR: 2.62, p value=0.001) and Campylobacter spp, in particular C. concisus (P-OR: 3.76, p value=0.006) and C. showae (P-OR: 2.39, p value=0.027), increase IBD risk. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori infection is negatively associated with IBD regardless of ethnicity, age, H. pylori detection methods and previous use of aminosalicylates and corticosteroids. Antibiotics influenced the magnitude of this association. Closely related bacteria including EHS and Campylobacter spp increase the risk of IBD. These results infer that H. pylori might exert an immunomodulatory effect in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Castaño-Rodríguez
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Way Seah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,University Malaya Pediatrics and Child Health Research Group, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hazel M Mitchell
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Hata K, Ishihara S, Nozawa H, Kawai K, Kiyomatsu T, Tanaka T, Kishikawa J, Anzai H, Watanabe T. Pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in ulcerative colitis: Diagnosis, management, risk factors, and incidence. Dig Endosc 2017; 29:26-34. [PMID: 27681447 DOI: 10.1111/den.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis has been the surgical treatment of choice for patients with ulcerative colitis who require surgery. Quality of life after this procedure is satisfactory in most cases; however, pouchitis is a troublesome condition involving inflammation of the ileal pouch. When a patient presents with symptoms of pouchitis, such as increased bowel movements, mucous and/or bloody exudates, abdominal cramps, and fever, endoscopy is essential for a precise diagnosis. The proximal ileum and rectal cuff, as well as the ileal pouch, should be endoscopically observed. The reported incidence of pouchitis ranges from 14% to 59%, and antibiotic therapy is the primary treatment for acute pouchitis. Chronic pouchitis includes antibiotic-dependent and refractory pouchitis. Intensive therapy including antitumor necrosis factor antibodies and steroids may be necessary for antibiotic-refractory pouchitis, and pouch failure may occur despite such intensive treatment. Reported risk factors for the development of pouchitis include presence of extraintestinal manifestations, primary sclerosing cholangitis, non-smoking, and postoperative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug usage. In the present review, we focus on the diagnosis, endoscopic features, management, incidence, and risk factors of pouchitis in patients with ulcerative colitis who underwent ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Hata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nozawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushige Kawai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Kishikawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Anzai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Watanabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Targeted Sequencing and Immunological Analysis Reveal the Involvement of Primary Immunodeficiency Genes in Pediatric IBD: a Japanese Multicenter Study. J Clin Immunol 2016; 37:67-79. [PMID: 27747465 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-016-0339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a heterogeneous disorder caused by multiple factors. Although genetic and immunological analyses are required for a definitive diagnosis, no reports of a comprehensive genetic study of a Japanese population are available. METHODS In total, 35 Japanese patients <16 years of age suffering from IBD, including 27 patients aged <6 years with very early-onset IBD, were enrolled in this multicenter study. Exome and targeted gene panel sequencing was performed for all patients. Mutations in genes responsible for primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) and clinical and immunological parameters were evaluated according to disease type. RESULTS We identified monogenic mutations in 5 of the 35 patients (14.3 %). We identified compound heterozygous and homozygous splice-site mutations in interleukin-10 receptor A (IL-10RA) in two patients, nonsense mutations in X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in two patients, and a missense mutation in cytochrome b beta chain in one patient. Using assays for protein expression levels, IL-10 signaling, and cytokine production, we confirmed that the mutations resulted in loss of function. For each patient, genotype was significantly associated with clinical findings. We successfully treated a patient with a XIAP mutation by allogeneic cord blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and his symptoms were ameliorated completely. CONCLUSIONS Targeted sequencing and immunological analysis are useful for screening monogenic disorders and selecting curative therapies in pediatric patients with IBD. The genes responsible for PID are frequently involved in pediatric IBD and play critical roles in normal immune homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Chiba M, Nakane K, Takayama Y, Sugawara K, Ohno H, Ishii H, Tsuda S, Tsuji T, Komatsu M, Sugawara T. Development and Application of a Plant-Based Diet Scoring System for Japanese Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Perm J 2016; 20:16-019. [PMID: 27768566 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/16-019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Plant-based diets (PBDs) are a healthy alternative to westernized diets. A semivegetarian diet, a PBD, has been shown to prevent a relapse in Crohn disease. However, there is no way to measure adherence to PBDs. OBJECTIVE To develop a simple way of evaluating adherence to a PBD for Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). DESIGN PBD scores were assigned according to the frequency of consumption provided on a food-frequency questionnaire, obtained on hospitalization for 159 patients with ulcerative colitis and 70 patients with Crohn disease. Eight items considered to be preventive factors for IBD were scored positively, and 8 items considered to be IBD risk factors were scored negatively. The PBD score was calculated from the sum of plus and minus scores. Higher PBD scores indicated greater adherence to a PBD. The PBD scores were evaluated on hospitalization and 2 years after discharge for 22 patients with Crohn disease whose dietary pattern and prognosis were established. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Plant-Based Diet score. RESULTS The PBD scores differed significantly, in descending order, by dietary type: pro-Japanese diet, mixed type, and pro-westernized diet (Wilcoxon/Kruskal-Wallis test). The PBD scores in the ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease groups were 10.9 ± 9.5 and 8.2 ± 8.2, respectively. For patients with Crohn disease, those with long-term remission and normal C-reactive protein concentration were significantly more likely to have PBD scores of 25 or greater than below 25 (χ2). CONCLUSION The PBD score is a valid assessment of PBD dietary adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuro Chiba
- Chief of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Section at Akita City Hospital in Japan.
| | - Kunio Nakane
- Chief of the Gastroenterology Division at Akita City Hospital in Japan.
| | - Yuko Takayama
- Lecturer in the Life and Culture Department, Seirei Women's Junior College in Japan.
| | - Kae Sugawara
- Gastroenterologist at Akita City Hospital in Japan.
| | - Hideo Ohno
- Gastroenterologist at Akita City Hospital in Japan.
| | - Hajime Ishii
- Gastroenterologist at Akita City Hospital in Japan.
| | - Satoko Tsuda
- Gastroenterologist at Akita City Hospital in Japan.
| | - Tsuyotoshi Tsuji
- Chief of the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Section at Akita City Hospital in Japan.
| | - Masafumi Komatsu
- Gastroenterologist and the Director of Akita City Hospital in Japan.
| | - Takeshi Sugawara
- Gastroenterologist at Nakadori General Hospital in Akita, Japan.
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Ye BD, McGovern DP. Genetic variation in IBD: progress, clues to pathogenesis and possible clinical utility. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12:1091-107. [PMID: 27156530 PMCID: PMC5083126 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2016.1184972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested that the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is strongly influenced by genetic predisposition. Beyond the limitations of linkage analysis, multiple genome-wide association studies, their meta-analyses, and targeted genotyping array techniques have broadened our understanding of the genetic architecture of IBD. Currently, over 200 single nucleotide polymorphisms are known to be associated with susceptibility to IBD and through functional analysis of genes and loci, a substantial proportion of pathophysiologic mechanisms have been revealed. However, because only a modest fraction of predicted heritability can be explained by known genes/loci, additional strategies are needed including the identification of rare variants with large effect sizes to help explain the missing heritability. Considerable progress is also being made on applying outcomes of genetic research in diagnostics, classification, prognostics, and the development of new therapeutics of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byong Duk Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dermot P.B. McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Common NOD2/CARD15 and TLR4 Polymorphisms Are Associated with Crohn's Disease Phenotypes in Southeastern Brazilians. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:2636-47. [PMID: 27107867 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether variants in NOD2/CARD15 and TLR4 are associated with CD and ulcerative colitis (UC) in a genetically admixed population of Rio de Janeiro, where IBD has continued to rise. METHODS We recruited 67 consecutive patients with CD, 61 patients with UC, and 86 healthy and ethnically matched individuals as controls. DNA was extracted from buccal brush samples and genotyped by PCR with restriction enzymes for G908R and L1007finsC NOD2/CARD15 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and for T399I and D299G TLR4 SNPs. Clinical data were registered for subsequent analysis with multivariate models. RESULTS NOD2/CARD15 G908R and L1007finsC SNPs were found in one and three patients, respectively, with CD. NOD2/CARD15 G908R and L1007finsC SNPs were not found in any patients with UC, but were found in three and three controls, respectively. With regard to the TLR4 gene, no significant difference was detected among the groups. Overall, none of the SNPs investigated determined a differential risk for a specific diagnosis. Genotype-phenotype associations were found in only CD, where L1007finsC was associated with colonic localization; however, TLR4 T399I SNP was associated with male gender, and D299G SNP was associated with colonic involvement, chronic corticosteroid use, and the need for anti-TNF-alpha therapy. CONCLUSION Variants of NOD2/CARD15 and TLR4 do not confer susceptibility to IBD, but appear to determine CD phenotypes in this southeastern Brazilian population.
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Lui RNS, Ng SC. The Same Intestinal Inflammatory Disease despite Different Genetic Risk Factors in the East and West? Inflamm Intest Dis 2016; 1:78-84. [PMID: 29922661 DOI: 10.1159/000446625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with unknown etiology. It is likely caused by a complex interplay between genetic, immunologic and environmental factors. Although IBD is still relatively uncommon in Asia, a multitude of studies have shown that it is an emerging disease around the world. Recent insights have highlighted both the similarities and differences amongst Asian and Western IBD patients. Summary The annual incidence of IBD in the East is still low compared with the West, but there are differences between different regions of Asia. Time trend studies have shown that the incidence of IBD is on the rise. Some notable differences in the clinical manifestations of IBD between the East and West have also been noted. 'Westernization' of lifestyle may encompass various social and environmental changes that account for the emergence of IBD in our population, although genetics also plays a role in disease pathogenesis. Diagnosis and treatment challenges include limited access to medical care in certain areas, limited availability and high cost of medications, lack of insurance reimbursement, paucity of multidisciplinary teams for the management of complicated IBD cases, and a high prevalence of endemic infections. Currently, the risk of colorectal cancer is lower in the East than in the West, but cancer rates will likely approach that of the West in the future as the prevalence of IBD continues to rise. Key Messages Measures to improve access to diagnostic tools, increase the availability of medication, and provide adequate multidisciplinary care for IBD patients will become increasingly important in Asia. Differences between the East and West will provide a unique opportunity for global collaboration in basic and clinical research to further our understanding of the disease entity and also provide more locoregional data to healthcare providers and policymakers to make informed decisions and policy changes when tackling the rising burden of IBD in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid N S Lui
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Siew C Ng
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Farzaei MH, Bahramsoltani R, Abdolghaffari AH, Sodagari HR, Esfahani SA, Rezaei N. A mechanistic review on plant-derived natural compounds as dietary supplements for prevention of inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 10:745-58. [PMID: 26799847 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2016.1145546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a recurrent idiopathic inflammatory condition, characterized by disruption of the gut mucosal barrier. This mechanistic review aims to highlight the significance of plant-derived natural compounds as dietary supplements, which can be used in addition to restricted conventional options for the prevention of IBD and induction of remission. Various clinical trials confirmed the effectiveness and tolerability of natural supplements in patients with IBD. Mounting evidence suggests that these natural compounds perform their protective and therapeutic effect on IBD through numerous molecular mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory, anti-oxidative stress, modulation of intracellular signaling transduction pathways, as well as improving gut microbiota. In conclusion, natural products can be considered as dietary supplements with therapeutic potential for IBD, provided that their safety and efficacy is confirmed in future well-designed clinical trials with adequate sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- a Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran.,b Medical Biology Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | | | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- d Medicinal Plants Research Center , Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR , Karaj , Iran.,e International Campus ICTUMS , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sodagari
- f Young Researchers and Elite Club, Karaj Branch , Islamic Azad University , Karaj , Iran
| | - Shadi A Esfahani
- g Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- h Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,i Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,j Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucosal barrier dysfunction is considered a critical component of Crohn's disease (CD) pathogenesis after the identification of susceptibility genes. However, the precise mechanism underlying mucosal barrier dysfunction has not yet been elucidated. We therefore aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the expression of human α-defensin 6 (HD6) in patients with CD. METHODS HD6 expression was induced by the transfection of an atonal homolog 1 (Atoh1) transgene and was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The HD6 promoter region targeted by Atoh1 and β-catenin was determined by reporter analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. HD5/HD6/Atoh1/β-catenin expression in noninflamed jejunal samples collected by balloon endoscopy from 15 patients with CD and 9 non-inflammatory bowel disease patients were assessed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Both promoter activity and gene expression of HD6 was significantly upregulated by the Atoh1 transgene in human colonic cancer cell line. We identified a TCF4 binding site and an E-box site, critical for the regulation of HD6 transcriptional activity by directly binding of Atoh1 in the 200-bp HD6 promoter region. The treatment with β-catenin inhibitor also decreases HD6 promoter activity and gene expression. Moreover, HD6 expression, but not HD5 expression, was found to be decreased in noninflamed jejunal regions from patients with CD. In HD6-negative crypts, nuclear accumulation of β-catenin was impaired. CONCLUSIONS HD6 expression was found to be regulated by cooperation between Atoh1 and β-catenin within the HD6 promoter region. Downregulation of HD6 in noninflamed mucosa may contribute to mucosal barrier dysfunction of patients with CD.
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Hong SN, Park C, Park SJ, Lee CK, Ye BD, Kim YS, Lee S, Chae J, Kim JI, Kim YH. Deep resequencing of 131 Crohn's disease associated genes in pooled DNA confirmed three reported variants and identified eight novel variants. Gut 2016; 65:788-96. [PMID: 25731871 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genome wide association studies (GWAS) and meta-analyses for Crohn's disease (CD) have not fully explained the heritability of CD, suggesting that additional loci are yet to be found and that the known loci may contain high effect rare risk variants that have thus far gone undetected by GWAS. While the cost of deep sequencing remains too high to analyse many samples, targeted sequencing of pooled DNA samples allows the efficient and cost effective capture of all variations in a target region. DESIGN We performed pooled sequencing in 500 Korean CD cases and 1000 controls to evaluate the coding exon and 5' and 3' untranslated regions of 131 CD associated genes. The identified genetic variants were validated using genotyping in an independent set of 500 CD cases and 1000 controls. RESULTS Pooled sequencing identified 30 common/low single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in 12 genes and 3 rare SNVs in 3 genes. Our results confirmed a significant association of CD with the following previously reported risk loci: rs3810936 in TNFSF15 (OR=1.83, p<2.2×10(-16)), rs76418789 in IL23R (OR=0.47, p=1.14×10(-8)) and rs2241880 in ATG16L1 (OR=1.30, p=5.28×10(-6)). In addition, novel loci were identified in TNFSF8 (rs3181374, OR=1.53, p=1.03×10(-14)), BTNL2 (rs28362680, OR=1.47, p=9.67×10(-11)), HLA-DQA2 (rs3208181, OR=1.36, p=4.66×10(-6)), STAT3 (rs1053004, OR=1.29, p=2.07×10(-5)), NFKBIA (rs2273650, OR=0.80, p=3.93×10(-4)), NKX2-3 (rs888208, OR=0.82, p=6.37×10(-4)) and DNAH12 (rs4462937, OR=1.13, p=3.17×10(-2)). A novel rare SNV, rs200735402 in CARD9, was shown to have a protective effect (OR=0.09, p=5.28×10(-5)). CONCLUSIONS Our deep resequencing of 131 CD associated genes confirmed 3 reported risk loci and identified 8 novel risk loci for CD in Koreans, providing new insights into the genetic architecture of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Noh Hong
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changho Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Kyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byong Duk Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
| | - You Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungbok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeesoo Chae
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kamada N, Rogler G. The Innate Immune System: A Trigger for Many Chronic Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases. Inflamm Intest Dis 2016; 1:70-77. [PMID: 29922660 DOI: 10.1159/000445261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mononuclear phagocytes, such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, are important cellular components of the innate immune system that contribute to the pathogenesis of many intestinal inflammatory diseases. Summary While mononuclear phagocytes play a key role in the induction of inflammation in many different tissues through production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (such as IL-1, TNF, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1), free oxygen radicals (also termed 'oxidative burst'), proteases (such as cathepsins) and tissue-degrading enzymes (such as metalloproteinases), resident macrophages as well as dendritic cells in the intestine display an anergic and 'tolerogenic' phenotype mediating tolerance to commensal bacteria. In recent years many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes mainly expressed in the above-mentioned cell types have been identified to convey an increased risk of autoimmune diseases. SNPs in the NOD2, ATG16L1 and TNFSF15 genes, which are involved in the function of the innate immune cells, are identified as risk factors for Crohn's disease (CD). Of note, these genes are involved in the different functions in the innate immune cells. For example, while NOD2 is required for intracellular recognition of microbial components, ATG16L1 is involved in autophagy responses against intracellular microbes. Likewise, TNFSF15 contributes to the induction of inflammatory responses by innate immune cells. Furthermore, the frequency of mutations in these genes differs by ethnicity. Genetic variations in the NOD2 and ATG16L1 genes are associated with CD in Caucasians but much less in Eastern Asian populations, whereas SNPs in TNFSF15 are dominated in Asian populations. Thus, different genetic risks may eventually lead to similar impairments in innate immune cells, thereby developing the same disease in Western and Asian patients with CD. Key Messages Despite differences in risk genes, similar mechanisms associated with the innate immune system may trigger autoimmune and chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases in East and West.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich., USA
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Microbiome-Epigenome Interactions and the Environmental Origins of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 62:208-19. [PMID: 26308318 PMCID: PMC4724338 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, has risen alarmingly in the Western and developing world in recent decades. Epidemiologic (including monozygotic twin and migrant) studies highlight the substantial role of environment and nutrition in IBD etiology. Here we review the literature supporting the developmental and environmental origins hypothesis of IBD. We also provide a detailed exploration of how the human microbiome and epigenome (primarily through DNA methylation) may be important elements in the developmental origins of IBD in both children and adults.
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