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Zhong F, Lee K, He JC. Role of Krüppel-like factor-2 in kidney disease. Nephrology (Carlton) 2019; 23 Suppl 4:53-56. [PMID: 30298668 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor-2 (KLF2) is a transcription factor that plays a major role in the regulation of endothelial cell function. KLF2 protects against endothelial cell injury through its anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and anti-angiogenic effects to maintain the normal vascular integrity. Our recent data indicate that KLF2 is down-regulated in glomerular endothelial cells of patients with diabetic kidney disease and that endothelial cell-specific reduction in KLF2 expression in experimental model of diabetic kidney disease exacerbates glomerular endothelial cell injury and accelerates the disease progression. KLF2 is a key transcriptional regulator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and its renoprotective function may be mediated through the increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression. As KLF2 expression is stimulated by shear stress, we also investigated the role of KLF2 in the nephrectomy mouse model, in which the endothelial KLF2 expression would be increased through glomerular hyperfiltration in the remnant kidney. Reduction of endothelial KLF2 led to increased glomerular endothelial cell injury and progressive kidney disease in uninephrectomized mice. Interestingly, KLF2 expression is also reduced in nephrectomy patients with progressive kidney disease as compared to those with the non-progressive disease. Together, these studies indicate a critical role of KLF2 in maintaining normal glomerular endothelial cell function and that deficiency of KLF2 leads to more progressive kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhong
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - John C He
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Wilmink T, Wijewardane A, Lee K, Murley A, Hollingworth L, Powers S, Baharani J. Effect of ethnicity and socioeconomic status on vascular access provision and performance in an urban NHS hospital. Clin Kidney J 2017; 10:62-67. [PMID: 28638605 PMCID: PMC5469553 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfw099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ethnicity, socioeconomic group (SEG) and comorbidities on provision of vascular access for haemodialysis (HD). METHODS This was a retrospective review of two databases of HD sessions and access operations from 2003-11. Access modality of first HD session and details of transplanted patients were derived from the renal database. Follow-up was until 1 January 2015. Primary failure (PF) was defined as an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) used for fewer than six consecutive dialysis sessions. AVF survival was defined as being until the date the AVF was abandoned. Ethnicity was coded from hospital records. SEG was calculated from postcodes and 2011 census data from the Office of National Statistics. Comorbidities were calculated with the Charlson Comorbidity Index. RESULTS Five hundred incident patients started chronic HD in the study period. Mode of starting HD was not associated with ethnicity (P = 0.27) or SEG (P = 0.45). Patients from ethnic minorities were younger when starting dialysis (P < 0.0001). Some 928 AVF patients' first AVF operations were analysed: 68% Caucasian, 26% Asian and 6% Afro-Caribbean. Half were in the most deprived SEG and 11% in the least deprived SEG. PF did not differ by ethnicity (P = 0.29), SEG (P = 0.75) or comorbidities (P = 0.54). AVF survival was not different according to ethnicity (P = 0.13) or SEG (P = 0.87). AVF survival was better for patients with a low comorbidity score (P = 0.04). The distribution of transplant recipients by ethnic group and SEG was similar to the distributions of all HD starters. CONCLUSION Ethnicity and socioeconomic group had no effect on mode of starting HD, primary AVF failure rate or AVF survival. Ethnic minorities were younger at start of dialysis and at their first AVF operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun Wilmink
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anika Wijewardane
- Department of Renal Medicine, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kathryn Lee
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexander Murley
- Department of Renal Medicine, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lee Hollingworth
- Department of Renal Medicine, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah Powers
- Department of Renal Medicine, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jyoti Baharani
- Department of Renal Medicine, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Marrón B, Ostrowski J, Török M, Timofte D, Orosz A, Kosicki A, Całka A, Moro D, Kosa D, Redl J, Qureshi AR, Divino-Filho JC. Type of Referral, Dialysis Start and Choice of Renal Replacement Therapy Modality in an International Integrated Care Setting. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155987. [PMID: 27228101 PMCID: PMC4882011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Integrated Care Settings (ICS) provide a holistic approach to the transition from chronic kidney disease into renal replacement therapy (RRT), offering at least both types of dialysis. OBJECTIVES To analyze which factors determine type of referral, modality provision and dialysis start on final RRT in ICS clinics. METHODS Retrospective analysis of 626 patients starting dialysis in 25 ICS clinics in Poland, Hungary and Romania during 2012. Scheduled initiation of dialysis with a permanent access was considered as planned RRT start. RESULTS Modality information (80% of patients) and renal education (87%) were more frequent (p<0.001) in Planned (P) than in Non-Planned (NP) start. Median time from information to dialysis start was 2 months. 89% of patients started on hemodialysis, 49% were referred late to ICS (<3 months from referral to RRT) and 58% were NP start. Late referral, non-vascular renal etiology, worse clinical status, shorter time from information to RRT and less peritoneal dialysis (PD) were associated with NP start (p<0.05). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, P start (p≤0.05) was associated with early referral, eGFR >8.2 ml/min, >2 months between information and RRT initiation and with vascular etiology after adjustment for age and gender. "Optimal care," defined as ICS follow-up >12 months plus modality information and P start, occurred in 23%. CONCLUSIONS Despite the high rate of late referrals, information and education were widely provided. However, NP start was high and related to late referral and may explain the low frequency of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Marrón
- Diaverum Home Therapies, Medical Office, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniela Moro
- Sibiu Distributei Diaverum Clinic, Sibiu, Romania
| | - Dezider Kosa
- Zalaegerszeg Diaverum Clinic, Zalaegerszeg, Hungary
| | - Jenö Redl
- Szolnok Diaverum Clinic, Szolnok, Hungary
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Qureshi AR, Evans M, Stendahl M, Prütz KG, Elinder CG. The increase in renal replacement therapy (RRT) incidence has come to an end in Sweden-analysis of variations by region over the period 1991-2010. Clin Kidney J 2013; 6:352-7. [PMID: 26064505 PMCID: PMC4400478 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sft032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal replacement therapy (RRT) incidence has increased significantly in Sweden during the past decades. This study analyses variations in time and regional trends in RRT incidence in Sweden, adjusted for age and gender, focusing on the impact change in incidence during the last decade. METHODS Using data from the Swedish Renal Registry (SRR) (21 counties in Sweden, total population 9 million), we identified all incident subjects starting RRT from 1991 through 2010. Only individuals alive following 90 days of RRT start were included. Gender- and age-specific standardized RRT incidences on an annual and regional basis were calculated, and differences between counties and variations over time were examined. We compared the overall age and gender-adjusted RRT incidence rates for Sweden by calendar year. Furthermore, we also calculated the age and gender-adjusted RRT incidence in each county during two time periods (1991-1999 versus 2000-2010). RESULTS There were 20 172 new subjects treated with RRT between January 1991 and December 2010. The most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was diabetes (24%) and hypertension/renal vascular disease (19%), followed by glomerulonephritis (16%). Sixty-four percent of new patients were male; the median age when commencing RRT was 66 years (10-90 percentiles; 39-80). The overall standardized RRT incidence reached its peak in 2000, and slowly decreased thereafter. A decrease in RRT incidence was observed over the study period in eight regions. The standardized RRT incidence varied between the different counties, from 0.82 to 1.19. CONCLUSIONS Adjusted for demographic changes in the population, an overall decrease in RRT incidence was observed from the year 2000 onwards-suggesting that the previously reported steady increase in RRT incidence is coming to an end in Sweden. Noteworthy differences were found between counties and in 8 out of 21 counties, a decreased incidence of RRT was found. Further studies need to identify the factors that contribute to this decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rashid Qureshi
- Division of Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology at Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Evans
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology at Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Stendahl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ryhov Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Karl-Göran Prütz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Carl-Gustaf Elinder
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology at Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Evidence Based Medicine Unit, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chapter 8: Future directions and controversies. Kidney Int Suppl (2011) 2012; 2:382-387. [PMID: 25018966 PMCID: PMC4089610 DOI: 10.1038/kisup.2012.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Grace BS, Clayton P, Cass A, McDonald SP. Socio-economic status and incidence of renal replacement therapy: a registry study of Australian patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27:4173-80. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Kronborg J, Solbu M, Njølstad I, Toft I, Eriksen BO, Jenssen T. Predictors of change in estimated GFR: a population-based 7-year follow-up from the Tromso study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23:2818-26. [PMID: 18400822 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality, and even mild impairment of renal function is a cardiovascular risk factor. Several studies have investigated the risk factors for the development of end-stage renal disease, but little is known about predictors of change in renal function in the general population. METHODS The present study included 2249 men and 2192 women without signs of kidney disease at baseline who were followed for 7 years from 1994 to 1995 in the Tromsø Study. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation. Gender-specific multiple linear regression analyses were used to assess predictors of change in eGFR (DeltaGFR). RESULTS Change in eGFR, measured in ml/min/1.73 m(2)/year, was associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) [beta-value for a 10-mmHg increase in SBP, men = -0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.18 to -0.09; women = -0.07, 95% CI = -0.11 to -0.03] and fibrinogen [beta-value for 1 SD increase in fibrinogen, men (1 SD: 0.85 g/L) = -0.12, 95% CI -0.20 to -0.03; women (1 SD: 0.80) = -0.11, 95% CI -0.20 to -0.02]. High alcohol consumption in men and high physical activity in women predicted an increase in eGFR. Higher albumin/creatinine ratio was associated with a decline in eGFR in men only. CONCLUSIONS Some risk factors for change in GFR seem to be gender specific but both high SBP and high levels of fibrinogen contribute to a more rapid decline in GFR for both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kronborg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Olav Aukrustsvej 6 N-2618, Lillehammer, Norway.
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de Jong PE, van der Velde M, Gansevoort RT, Zoccali C. Screening for chronic kidney disease: where does Europe go? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 3:616-23. [PMID: 18287253 PMCID: PMC6631083 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.04381007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses various screening approaches for chronic kidney disease that are used in Europe. The criterion for defining chronic kidney disease in the various programs differs but is frequently limited to estimated glomerular filtration rate, thus offering only data on chronic kidney disease stages 3 and higher; however, screening should not be limited to measuring only estimated glomerular filtration rate but should also include a measure of microalbuminuria, because this will offer identification of chronic kidney disease stages 1 and 2. Defining these earlier stages is of importance because the risk for developing end-stage renal disease that is associated with stages 1 and 2 is nearly equal to the risk that is associated with stage 3. Moreover, the risk for cardiovascular events in stages 1 and 2 is equal to that in stage 3. Various reports argue that costs of screening programs in general practitioner or outpatient offices are high and that they are cost-effective only for preventing end-stage renal disease when they are limited to target groups, such as patients with diabetes or hypertension and elderly. The benefits of screening programs, however, should not be evaluated only with respect to the prevention of renal events but should also include the benefits of preventing cardiovascular events. The use of preselection based on either an impaired estimated glomerular filtration rate or on protein-dipstick positivity or elevated albuminuria in a morning urine void has been found effective in various European countries as an alternative for targeted screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E de Jong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 EZ Groningen, Netherlands.
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Stewart JH, McCredie MRE, Williams SM, Jager KJ, Trpeski L, McDonald SP. Trends in incidence of treated end-stage renal disease, overall and by primary renal disease, in persons aged 20?64�years in Europe, Canada and the Asia-Pacific region, 1998?2002. Nephrology (Carlton) 2007; 12:520-7. [PMID: 17803478 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2007.00830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine if rates of diabetic and non-diabetic end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which had been rising in young and middle-aged adults in all populations up to the mid-1990s, had started to decline, and if so, whether improvement had occurred in respect of each of the principal primary renal diseases causing ESRD. METHODS Poisson regression of age- and sex-standardized incidence of ESRD for persons aged 20-64 years in 18 populations from Europe, Canada and the Asia-Pacific region, for 1998-2002. RESULTS In persons from 12 European descent (Europid) populations combined, there was a small downward trend in all-cause ESRD (-1.7% per year, P = 0.001), with type 1 diabetic ESRD falling by 7.8% per year (P < 0.001), glomerulonephritic ESRD by 3.1% per year (P = 0.001), and 'all other non-diabetic' ESRD by 2.5% per year (P = 0.02). The reductions in ESRD attributed to hypertensive (-2.2% per year) and polycystic renal disease (-1.5% per year) and unknown diagnosis (-0.2% per year) were not statistically significant. On the other hand, the incidence of type 2 diabetic ESRD rose by 9.9% per year (P < 0.001) in the combined Europid population, although that of (principally type 2) diabetic ESRD remained unchanged in the pooled data from the four non-Europid populations. CONCLUSION Recent preventive strategies, probably chiefly modern renoprotective treatment, appear to have been effective for tertiary prevention of ESRD caused by the proteinuric nephropathies other than type 2 diabetic nephropathy, for which the continuing increase in Europid populations represents a failure of prevention and/or a change in the nephropathic potential of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Stewart
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Stengel B, Couchoud C. Chronic kidney disease prevalence and treated end-stage renal disease incidence: A complex relationship. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17:2094-6. [PMID: 16837636 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2006060636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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