Valdés Francí E, Perez Flores I, Candel FJ, Moreno de la Higuera MA, Romero NC, Rodríguez Cubillo B, Lucena Valverde R, Sánchez Fructuoso AI. Hemophagocytic syndrome triggered by donor-transmitted toxoplasmosis as a complication in same-donor recipients of renal transplantation: Case report and review of the literature.
Transpl Infect Dis 2021;
23:e13732. [PMID:
34533259 DOI:
10.1111/tid.13732]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is an infrequent complication of transplantation caused by an inflammatory response with a benign proliferation of macrophages and defective lytic capability of T lymphocytes and NK cells that can lead to multiorgan failure. Transplant patients are particularly exposed as a result of the increased risk of both infections and malignancies derived from immunosuppressive drugs. There is no consensus for therapy or immunosuppression; mortality is high. We report a case and present a review of all cases of HPS occurring in solid organ transplant recipients. CASE REPORT: We report two cases of infection by Toxoplasma gondii transmitted by the kidney allograft. One of the recipients was seronegative before transplantation and developed disseminated primary toxoplasmosis. An immune reaction compatible with an HPS ensued. Both were treated with Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, immunosuppression was tapered, and after a 2-week period a complete response was obtained.
CONCLUSION
HPS presents therapeutic challenges in the context of transplantation. If HPS is suspected, the search of a very likely underlying infection should be central to the management.
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