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Eadon MT, Lampe S, Baig MM, Collins KS, Melo Ferreira R, Mang H, Cheng YH, Barwinska D, El-Achkar TM, Schwantes-An TH, Winfree S, Temm CJ, Ferkowicz MJ, Dunn KW, Kelly KJ, Sutton TA, Moe SM, Moorthi RN, Phillips CL, Dagher PC. Clinical, histopathologic and molecular features of idiopathic and diabetic nodular mesangial sclerosis in humans. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 37:72-84. [PMID: 33537765 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic nodular mesangial sclerosis, also called idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis (ING), is a rare clinical entity with an unclear pathogenesis. The hallmark of this disease is the presence of nodular mesangial sclerosis on histology without clinical evidence of diabetes mellitus or other predisposing diagnoses. To achieve insights into its pathogenesis, we queried the clinical, histopathologic and transcriptomic features of ING and nodular diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS All renal biopsy reports accessioned at Indiana University Health from 2001 to 2016 were reviewed to identify 48 ING cases. Clinical and histopathologic features were compared between individuals with ING and DN (n = 751). Glomeruli of ING (n = 5), DN (n = 18) and reference (REF) nephrectomy (n = 9) samples were isolated by laser microdissection and RNA was sequenced. Immunohistochemistry of proline-rich 36 (PRR36) protein was performed. RESULTS ING subjects were frequently hypertensive (95.8%) with a smoking history (66.7%). ING subjects were older, had lower proteinuria and had less hyaline arteriolosclerosis than DN subjects. Butanoate metabolism was an enriched pathway in ING samples compared with either REF or DN samples. The top differentially expressed gene, PRR36, had increased expression in glomeruli 248-fold [false discovery rate (FDR) P = 5.93 × 10-6] compared with the REF and increased 109-fold (FDR P = 1.85 × 10-6) compared with DN samples. Immunohistochemistry revealed a reduced proportion of cells with perinuclear reaction in ING samples as compared to DN. CONCLUSIONS Despite similar clinical and histopathologic characteristics in ING and DN, the uncovered transcriptomic signature suggests that ING has distinct molecular features from nodular DN. Further study is warranted to understand these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Eadon
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sam Lampe
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mirza M Baig
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kimberly S Collins
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ricardo Melo Ferreira
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Henry Mang
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Daria Barwinska
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tarek M El-Achkar
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Seth Winfree
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Constance J Temm
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael J Ferkowicz
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kenneth W Dunn
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Katherine J Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Timothy A Sutton
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sharon M Moe
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ranjani N Moorthi
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Carrie L Phillips
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pierre C Dagher
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Hanna R, Zuckerman JE, Ferrey A, Torres EA, Tonthat S, Barsoum M, Ghobry L, Wassef O, Kalantarzadeh K. Finding of pathological thrombomodulin gene variant in a patient with idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis and chronic thrombotic microangiopathy-like changes. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2020; 8:2050313X20940510. [PMID: 32699635 PMCID: PMC7357015 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x20940510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis is an unusual histopathological finding that has commonly been observed in male smokers with hypertension. It has remained an enigmatic condition and is best described as a diabetic pattern of glomerular injury seen in non-diabetic patients. It is also one of the few nicotine (smoking)-associated/smoking-associated patterns of renal injury. We present an even more unusual manifestation of this pathological finding in a 59-year-old Hispanic female who presented with chronic kidney disease approaching need for renal replacement therapy. The patient had idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis on kidney biopsy, despite no prior history of diabetes, nor smoking history, including no secondhand smoking exposure. The patient did have hypertension. The renal biopsy also showed evidence of chronic thrombotic-microangiopathic changes within arteries and arterioles. Genetic testing of the alternative pathway revealed an unusual and likely pathological variant of thrombomodulin supporting complement dysfunction as having a role in the presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Hanna
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan E Zuckerman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Antoney Ferrey
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Sam Tonthat
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marina Barsoum
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Lena Ghobry
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Olivia Wassef
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kamyar Kalantarzadeh
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Eadon MT, Schwantes-An TH, Phillips CL, Roberts AR, Greene CV, Hallab A, Hart KJ, Lipp SN, Perez-Ledezma C, Omar KO, Kelly KJ, Moe SM, Dagher PC, El-Achkar TM, Moorthi RN. Kidney Histopathology and Prediction of Kidney Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2020; 76:350-360. [PMID: 32336487 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE The use of kidney histopathology for predicting kidney failure is not established. We hypothesized that the use of histopathologic features of kidney biopsy specimens would improve prediction of clinical outcomes made using demographic and clinical variables alone. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study and development of a clinical prediction model. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS All 2,720 individuals from the Biopsy Biobank Cohort of Indiana who underwent kidney biopsy between 2002 and 2015 and had at least 2 years of follow-up. NEW PREDICTORS & ESTABLISHED PREDICTORS Demographic variables, comorbid conditions, baseline clinical characteristics, and histopathologic features. OUTCOMES Time to kidney failure, defined as sustained estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤ 10mL/min/1.73m2. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Multivariable Cox regression model with internal validation by bootstrapping. Models including clinical and demographic variables were fit with the addition of histopathologic features. To assess the impact of adding a histopathology variable, the amount of variance explained (r2) and the C index were calculated. The impact on prediction was assessed by calculating the net reclassification index for each histopathologic variable and for all combined. RESULTS Median follow-up was 3.1 years. Within 5 years of biopsy, 411 (15.1%) patients developed kidney failure. Multivariable analyses including demographic and clinical variables revealed that severe glomerular obsolescence (adjusted HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.51-2.03), severe interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (adjusted HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.52-2.59), and severe arteriolar hyalinosis (adjusted HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.14-2.05) were independently associated with the primary outcome. The addition of all histopathologic variables to the clinical model yielded a net reclassification index for kidney failure of 5.1% (P < 0.001) with a full model C statistic of 0.915. Analyses addressing the competing risk for death, optimism, or shrinkage did not significantly change the results. LIMITATIONS Selection bias from the use of clinically indicated biopsies and exclusion of patients with less than 2 years of follow-up, as well as reliance on surrogate indicators of kidney failure onset. CONCLUSIONS A model incorporating histopathologic features from kidney biopsy specimens improved prediction of kidney failure and may be valuable clinically. Future studies will be needed to understand whether even more detailed characterization of kidney tissue may further improve prognostication about the future trajectory of estimated glomerular filtration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Eadon
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
| | - Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Carrie L Phillips
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Anna R Roberts
- Regenstrief Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Colin V Greene
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ayman Hallab
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kyle J Hart
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sarah N Lipp
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Khawaja O Omar
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Katherine J Kelly
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; Indiana University School of Medicine and Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sharon M Moe
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; Indiana University School of Medicine and Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Pierre C Dagher
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; Indiana University School of Medicine and Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Tarek M El-Achkar
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; Indiana University School of Medicine and Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ranjani N Moorthi
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
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