1
|
Tóth F, Nissi MJ, Armstrong AR, Buko EO, Johnson CP. Epiphyseal cartilage vascular architecture at the distal humeral osteochondritis dissecans predilection site in juvenile pigs. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:737-744. [PMID: 37971288 PMCID: PMC10978299 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Failure of endochondral ossification due to interruption of the vascular supply to the epiphyseal cartilage is a critical step in the development of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD). Herein we describe the vascular architecture of the distal humeral epiphyseal cartilage in pigs and identify characteristic features that have been associated with sites predisposed to OCD development across species. Distal humeral specimens were harvested from pigs (n = 5, ages = 1, 10, 18, 30, and, 42 days old) and imaged at 9.4T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a 3D gradient recalled echo sequence. The MRI data were processed using a quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) pipeline to visualize the vascular architecture. Specimens were also evaluated histologically to identify the presence of ischemic epiphyseal cartilage necrosis (osteochondrosis [OC]-latens) and associated failure of endochondral ossification (OC-manifesta). The QSM data enabled visualization of two distinct vascular beds arising from the perichondrium at the lateral and medial aspects of the distal humeral epiphysis. Elongated vessels originating from these beds coursed axially to supply the lateral and medial thirds of epiphyseal cartilage. At 18 days of age and older, a shift from perichondrial to transosseous blood supply was noted axially, which appeared more pronounced on the lateral side. This shift coincided with histologic identification of OC-latens (30- and 42-day-old specimens) and OC-manifesta (18- and 42-day-old specimens) lesions in the corresponding regions. The vascular anatomy and its evolution at the distal humeral epiphysis closely resembles that previously reported at predilection sites of knee OCD, suggesting a shared pathophysiology between the knee and elbow joints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Tóth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mikko J Nissi
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alexandra R Armstrong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Erick O Buko
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Casey P Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pye J, Spriet M, Dow P, Katzman S, Murphy BG. Osteochondral necrosis of the femoral condyles in Thoroughbred foals: eight cases (2008–2018). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 260:341-349. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.21.03.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To describe clinical, imaging, gross, and histopathological abnormalities associated with osteochondral necrosis of the femoral condyles in foals and identify features suggestive of a common pathogenesis.
ANIMALS
8 Thoroughbred foals euthanized with a presumptive diagnosis of necrosis of the femoral condyles.
PROCEDURES
Postmortem CT was performed on all distal femoral epiphyseal samples. The articular epiphyseal cartilage complex (AECC) of affected distal femurs was examined grossly and histologically, focusing on lesions of interest identified on CT images.
RESULTS
7 foals were between 9 and 23 days old at the time of euthanasia; 1 foal was 85 days old. Concurrent illness (neonatal maladjustment syndrome, neonatal isoerythrolysis, or infection such as enteritis and omphalitis) was diagnosed in 7 foals. The characteristic antemortem radiographic and postmortem CT finding was a crescent-shaped osteochondral flap displaced from the affected medial femoral condyle. Synovial fluid cytology from affected joints was either within normal limits or consistent with mild inflammation. Histologically, all lesions were characterized by osteochondral necrosis and detachment of the AECC. In 6 foals, polymorphonuclear cells were found within growth cartilage canals, representing septic cartilage canals.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Osteochondral necrosis was interpreted to be secondary to bacterial colonization of the distal femoral AECC, evidenced by septic cartilage canals identified in 6 of 8 foals. This uncommon condition was previously thought to arise from an ischemic event, but the disease process was not well understood. An improved understanding of the pathogenesis of osteochondral necrosis is the first step in formulating more successful preventative and treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jannah Pye
- 1Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Mathieu Spriet
- 1Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Penny Dow
- 2Scone Equine Hospital, Scone, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott Katzman
- 1Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Brian G. Murphy
- 3Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
O'Brien TJ, Rosanowski SM, Mitchell KD, Carrick JB, Butt TD, Adkins AR. Factors associated with survival and racing performance of 114 Thoroughbred foals with septic arthritis compared with maternal siblings (2009-2015). Equine Vet J 2020; 53:935-943. [PMID: 33205483 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little consensus on factors associated with survival in foals with septic arthritis and limited data on long-term racing performance of Thoroughbred foals treated for septic arthritis. A more thorough understanding of short- and long-term outcome is necessary to help inform owners, and subsequently guide treatment. OBJECTIVES To investigate factors associated with survival, and to analyse racing performance of foals with septic arthritis compared with their maternal siblings. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort and a case-control study. METHODS Veterinary clinical records of Thoroughbred foals ≤180 days old that underwent arthroscopic, cannulae or through-and-through needle lavage for the treatment of septic arthritis between 2009 and 2015 were reviewed. Data included signalment, and clinicopathological information. The dam's foaling records were reviewed and the lifetime racing records were obtained for affected foals and two of their maternal siblings. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with survival to discharge or racing. Comparisons between treated foals and their maternal siblings were made. RESULTS Ninety (78%) of 115 foals diagnosed with septic arthritis were discharged alive. Foals <26 days old at the time of admission were five times less likely (P = .003) and foals with concurrent multisystemic disease were six times less likely (P = .02) to be discharged alive. Sixty (67%) foals discharged alive started in ≥1 race, and there was no difference in the proportion of foals that started in a race or racing performance between foals treated for septic arthritis and their maternal siblings. MAIN LIMITATIONS Retrospective study design, limited number of foals with multiple joint involvement and failure to accurately record duration of clinical signs. CONCLUSIONS Foals treated for septic arthritis at the Scone Equine Hospital, New South Wales, Australia had a good prognosis for survival, and for this cohort, foals that survived to discharge had a similar ability to race as their maternal siblings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah M Rosanowski
- Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Joan B Carrick
- Equine Specialist Consulting, Scone, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Troy D Butt
- Scone Equine Hospital, Scone, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angus R Adkins
- Scone Equine Hospital, Scone, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Blondel M, Gros L, Lucas M, Delverdier M, Palierne S. Multifocal haematogenous osteomyelitis and septic physitis in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucile Gros
- Department of Clinical SciencesENVTToulouseFrance
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lindegaard C, van Galen G, Aarsvold S, Berg L, Verwilghen D. Haematogenous septic arthritis, physitis and osteomyelitis in foals: A tutorial review on pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Part 2. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Lindegaard
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Taastrup Denmark
| | - G. van Galen
- School of Veterinary Sciences Faculty of Science University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - S. Aarsvold
- Puchalski Equine Imaging Petaluma California USA
| | - L. Berg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Taastrup Denmark
| | - D. Verwilghen
- School of Veterinary Sciences Faculty of Science University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lindegaard C, Galen G, Aarsvold S, Berg LC, Verwilghen D. Haematogenous septic arthritis, physitis and osteomyelitis in foals: A tutorial review on pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Part 1. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Lindegaard
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen Taastrup Denmark
| | - G. Galen
- School of Veterinary Sciences Faculty of Science University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - S. Aarsvold
- Puchalski Equine Imaging Petaluma California USA
| | - L. C. Berg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen Taastrup Denmark
| | - D. Verwilghen
- School of Veterinary Sciences Faculty of Science University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Miagkoff L, Archambault M, Bonilla AG. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates cultured from synovial fluid samples from horses with suspected septic synovitis: 108 cases (2008-2017). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 256:800-807. [PMID: 32176585 DOI: 10.2460/javma.256.7.800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the most commonly isolated bacteria cultured from synovial fluid samples from horses with suspected septic synovitis treated at an equine referral hospital between May 1, 2008, and September 24, 2017. SAMPLE 131 synovial fluid samples from 108 client-owned horses. PROCEDURES A retrospective medical record search was conducted to identify horses with suspected septic synovitis and results of synovial fluid bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Data collected included signalment, known or suspected origin of synovial contamination, synovial structures affected, antimicrobial treatment, and results of synovial fluid cytologic evaluation and bacterial culture and susceptibility testing. Horses were grouped as adults (≥ 6 months old) or foals (< 6 months old). RESULTS Results of bacterial culture were positive for 34 of 70 (49%) and 18 of 61 (30%) samples from 68 adult horses and 40 foals, respectively. Gram-positive bacteria were more common in adult horses, whereas gram-negative bacteria were more common in foals. No multidrug-resistant microorganisms were identified. For adult horses, 92% (23/25) of gram-positive isolates tested with penicillin and gentamicin were susceptible to the combination. For foals, 94% (15/16) of isolates tested with penicillin, gentamicin, or both had susceptibility to 1 or both antimicrobials. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Periodic review of bacterial profiles and antimicrobial susceptibility in horses with septic synovitis can help to detect early changes in bacterial pressure and antimicrobial resistance. Findings suggested that in the geographic area we serve, a combination of penicillin and gentamicin would be an effective empirical antimicrobial treatment for most horses with septic synovitis while results of bacterial culture and susceptibility are pending.
Collapse
|
8
|
Constant C, Nichols S, Desrochers A, Babkine M, Fecteau G, Lardé H, Fairbrother JH, Francoz D. Clinical findings and diagnostic test results for calves with septic arthritis: 64 cases (2009-2014). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 252:995-1005. [PMID: 29595396 DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.8.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe clinical findings and diagnostic test results and identify potential prognostic indicators for calves with septic arthritis. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 64 calves with septic arthritis. PROCEDURES The medical record database for a veterinary teaching hospital was searched to identify calves ≤ 6 months old that were treated for septic arthritis between 2009 and 2014. Data evaluated included signalment, history, physical examination and diagnostic test results, treatment, and outcome. Descriptive data were generated, and calves were assigned to 2 groups (neonatal [≤ 28 days old] or postneonatal [29 to 180 days old]) on the basis of age at hospital admission for comparison purposes. RESULTS 64 calves had 92 infected joints; 17 calves had polyarthritis. Carpal joints were most frequently affected followed by the stifle and tarsal joints. Forty-nine bacterial isolates were identified from synovial specimens for 38 calves, and the most commonly identified isolates were catalase-negative Streptococcus spp (n = 14) and Mycoplasma bovis (9). Calves in the neonatal group had a shorter interval between onset of clinical signs and hospitalization and were more likely to have an infected carpal joint than calves in the postneonatal group. Outcome was positive for 35 calves. Synovial fluid total nucleated cell count was positively associated with a positive outcome. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that empirical antimicrobial treatment for calves with septic arthritis should target gram-positive catalase-negative cocci and M bovis and that synovial fluid total nucleated cell count might be a useful prognostic indicator.
Collapse
|
9
|
Pressanto MC, Beccati F, Stefanetti V, Passamonti F, Pilati N, Pepe M. Septic pyomyositis, multiple pelvic osteomyelitis and thrombosis in a Thoroughbred foal. EQUINE VET EDUC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Pressanto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - F. Beccati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Perugia Perugia Italy
- Sport Horse Study Center Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - V. Stefanetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - F. Passamonti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Perugia Perugia Italy
- Sport Horse Study Center Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - N. Pilati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - M. Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Perugia Perugia Italy
- Sport Horse Study Center Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Diagnosis, Treatment, Surgical Management, and Outcome of Septic Arthritis of Tarsocrural Joint in 16 Foals. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
11
|
Lean NE, Perkins NR, Ahern BJ. Comparison of conventional radiography and computed tomography as aids in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis in 11 foals. Aust Vet J 2018; 96:257-261. [PMID: 29944745 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional radiography is currently the most common imaging modality used by veterinarians investigating foals with suspected osteomyelitis. Emerging evidence in adult horses and humans suggests computed tomography (CT) is a superior modality for evaluation of osseous changes in general. This study aimed to evaluate the potential benefits of CT versus conventional radiography in cases of osteomyelitis in foals. METHODS Cases of osteomyelitis in foals under 6 months of age admitted over a 6-year period at a single referral hospital that had both CT and conventional radiography images were retrieved. Case details and measurements of the largest area of bone lysis identified in two planes (lateromedial/sagittal and dorsopalmar/dorsal) were evaluated by three veterinarians with a range of experience. RESULTS A significant difference regarding lesion size was seen on the lateromedial (LM) radiographic projections compared with the equivalent sagittal plane CT image. The LM radiographic evaluation resulted in a 37% underestimation of the area of the lesion. Additionally, use of the LM radiographic projections were 2.5-fold more variable in the measurement area compared with CT. In general, regardless of projection, CT produced more information regarding lesion area and, in some cases, detected osseous changes that were not evident on the radiographs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE LM radiographic projections are less reliable and commonly result in an under-appreciation of lesion size and extent. CT detected lesions that were difficult or impossible to identify on radiographs and may allow improved treatment planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N E Lean
- University of Queensland Equine Specialist Hospital, Outer Ring Rd, Gatton 4343, Queensland, Australia
| | - N R Perkins
- University of Queensland Equine Specialist Hospital, Outer Ring Rd, Gatton 4343, Queensland, Australia
| | - B J Ahern
- University of Queensland Equine Specialist Hospital, Outer Ring Rd, Gatton 4343, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Loftin PG, Beard WL, Guyan ME, White BJ. Comparison of Arthroscopic Lavage and Needle Lavage Techniques, and Lavage Volume on the Recovery of Colored Microspheres From the Tarsocrural Joints of Cadaver Horses. Vet Surg 2016; 45:240-5. [PMID: 26773461 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify recovery of colored microspheres from normal cadaver tarsocrural joints using arthroscopic or needle lavage with 1-5 L of fluid. STUDY DESIGN Ex vivo experimental study. ANIMALS Adult Quarter Horse cadavers (n = 8). METHODS After euthanasia, 1.5 × 10(6) colored microspheres were injected into each tarsocrural joint. Each joint was randomly assigned to receive lavage (5 L 0.9% NaCl) with an arthroscope (dorsomedial arthroscope and dorsolateral egress cannula) or three 14 g needles (dorsomedial ingress, dorsolateral, and plantarolateral egress). Egress fluid from each liter was collected separately over time and the number of microspheres present in each recovered liter determined by spectrophotometry. RESULTS A significant interaction was present between treatment group and liter of fluid (P < .01). The number of microspheres recovered in the first liter of lavage fluid was significantly higher in the needle lavage group than in the arthroscopic lavage group (P < .01). For both groups, the number of microspheres recovered in the first liter of lavage fluid represented a majority of the total microspheres collected and was significantly different from each subsequent liter collected (P < .01). The number of microspheres recovered did not differ between liters 2, 3, 4, and 5 within or between treatment groups. CONCLUSION In this model, tarsocrural lavage with three 14 g needles was more effective at removing colored microspheres from the joint than arthroscopic lavage, suggesting that the number or placement of portals present may be more important than portal size and flow rate. No difference in microsphere recovery was seen with lavage volumes >1 L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Loftin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Warren L Beard
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Megan E Guyan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Brad J White
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- MS Hall
- Goulburn Valley Equine Hospital; Congupna; Victoria; Australia
| | - PJ Pollock
- Weipers Centre Equine Hospital, Division of Large Animal Medicine and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Glasgow; Glasgow; Scotland
| | - T Russell
- Goulburn Valley Equine Hospital; Congupna; Victoria; Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Crabtree JR, Jorgensen A. Cervical Vertebral Osteomyelitis With Secondary Septic Arthritis of the Atlantoaxial Joint in a Foal: A Case Report. J Equine Vet Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
15
|
|
16
|
EASLEY JEREMIAHT, BROKKEN MATTHEWT, ZUBROD CHADJ, MORTON ALISONJ, GARRETT KATHERINES, HOLMES SHANNONP. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FINDINGS IN HORSES WITH SEPTIC ARTHRITIS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2011; 52:402-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
|
17
|
Close K, Gerard M, Davidson G, Schramme M. Successful treatment of infectious (Salmonella type III: 44) polyarthritis and osteomyelitis in a 4-week-old foal. EQUINE VET EDUC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2010.00152.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
18
|
Stewart AA, Goodrich LR, Byron CR, Evans RB, Stewart MC. Antimicrobial delivery by intrasynovial catheterisation with systemic administration for equine synovial trauma and sepsis. Aust Vet J 2010; 88:115-23. [PMID: 20402698 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2010.00553.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present the technique for intra-articular catheter placement and report the clinical outcomes of 38 cases of equine synovial trauma and/or infection treated with broad-spectrum antimicrobials administered via an intrasynovial catheter (ISC). DESIGN Retrospective study. PROCEDURE Medical records of 38 horses treated for synovial trauma and sepsis with frequent antimicrobial administration through an ISC from 1995 to 2008 were reviewed. Follow-up information was obtained via clinical re-evaluation or telephone contact with the owners. RESULTS The majority of horses (84%) received amikacin and Timentin(R) four times daily. In addition, synovial lavage through the ISC was carried out in 27 horses (71%). Only radiological evidence of osteolysis had a significant negative impact on both lameness at the time of hospital discharge and the long-term outcome. In total, 92% of horses treated with frequent antimicrobial administration through an ISC had clinical resolution of infection. Catheter obstruction occurred in three cases, necessitating replacement or removal, and two synovial fistulae developed at sites of open drainage. The majority of horses treated had a favourable outcome, with 86% being at least pasture sound and 43% returned to riding. CONCLUSION Septic synovial structures treated with frequent antimicrobial administration through an ISC had a good prognosis for survival and 43% returned to riding, which is consistent with the results of other studies. The use of a simple ISC should be considered when broad-spectrum intrasynovial antimicrobial administration and lavage of a septic synovial structure are indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Stewart
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Diagnostic imaging of the equine tarsal region using radiography and ultrasonography. Part 2: Bony disorders. Vet J 2009; 179:188-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Revised: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
20
|
Diagnostic imaging of the equine tarsal region using radiography and ultrasonography. Part 1: The soft tissues. Vet J 2009; 179:179-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Revised: 08/19/2007] [Accepted: 08/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|