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Wang T, Zhao Z, Meng F, Liu C, Zhao K, Zhang L, Wang T. Acute renal failure and encephalopathy in envenoming syndrome following massive vespa ducalis stings. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:2113-2114. [PMID: 38185701 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-03946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- The First Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No.89 DongGang Road, ShiJiaZhuang, 050030, China
| | - ZhiPeng Zhao
- Graduate School of HeBei Medical University, No.361 East ZhongShan Boulevard, ShiJiaZhuang, 050011, China
| | - FuLei Meng
- The Second Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No.89 DongGang Road, ShiJiaZhuang, 050030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No.89 DongGang Road, ShiJiaZhuang, 050030, China
| | - KunXiao Zhao
- The Second Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No.89 DongGang Road, ShiJiaZhuang, 050030, People's Republic of China
| | - LiHong Zhang
- The Second Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No.89 DongGang Road, ShiJiaZhuang, 050030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- The Second Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No.89 DongGang Road, ShiJiaZhuang, 050030, People's Republic of China.
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Buraphaka H, Dobutr T, Wiese MD, Lopata AL, Daduang S. Structure-based epitope prediction and assessment of cross-reactivity of Myrmecia pilosula venom-specific IgE and recombinant Sol g proteins (Solenopsis geminata). Sci Rep 2024; 14:11145. [PMID: 38750087 PMCID: PMC11096326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The global distribution of tropical fire ants (Solenopsis geminata) raises concerns about anaphylaxis and serious medical issues in numerous countries. This investigation focused on the cross-reactivity of allergen-specific IgE antibodies between S. geminata and Myrmecia pilosula (Jack Jumper ant) venom proteins due to the potential emergence of cross-reactive allergies in the future. Antibody epitope analysis unveiled one predominant conformational epitope on Sol g 1.1 (PI score of 0.989), followed by Sol g 2.2, Sol g 4.1, and Sol g 3.1. Additionally, Pilosulin 1 showed high allergenic potential (PI score of 0.94), with Pilosulin 5a (PI score of 0.797) leading in B-cell epitopes. The sequence analysis indicated that Sol g 2.2 and Sol g 4.1 pose a high risk of cross-reactivity with Pilosulins 4.1a and 5a. Furthermore, the cross-reactivity of recombinant Sol g proteins with M. pilosula-specific IgE antibodies from 41 patients revealed high cross-reactivity for r-Sol g 3.1 (58.53%) and r-Sol g 4.1 (43.90%), followed by r-Sol g 2.2 (26.82%), and r-Sol g 1.1 (9.75%). Therefore, this study demonstrates cross-reactivity (85.36%) between S. geminata and M. pilosula, highlighting the allergenic risk. Understanding these reactions is vital for the prevention of severe allergic reactions, especially in individuals with pre-existing Jumper Jack ant allergy, informing future management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hathairat Buraphaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Theerawat Dobutr
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Michael D Wiese
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andreas L Lopata
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University AU, Townsville, Australia.
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University SG, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Sakda Daduang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Abbasi F, Shawrang P, Sadeghi M, Majidi-Zahed H. Effect of gamma-irradiated honey bee venom on blood parameter and histopathological observations of liver and kidney in a mice animal model. Res Vet Sci 2023; 165:105050. [PMID: 37856942 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Honey bee venom is a valuable product with a wide range of biological effects, whose use is rapidly increasing in apitherapy. In this study, the effect of gamma-irradiated honey bee venom (doses of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 kGy, volume of 0.1 ml, and concentration of 0.2 mg/ml) was evaluated on median lethal dose (LD50) determinations, liver and kidney histology, biochemical marker level, and serum protein analyses. Hence, the LD50 induced by the honey bee venom irradiated at 4, 6, and 8 kGy was increased, compared with the one at 0 and 2 kGy. Normal histology was observed in the liver and kidney of the mice receiving the honey bee venom irradiated at 4, 6, and 8 kGy. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and all serum proteins were reduced at 4, 6, and 8 kGy compared with 0 and 2 kGy. Therefore, gamma irradiation at 4, 6, and 8 kGy had no negative effect on LD50, liver and kidney tissues, ALT, and serum protein levels by decreasing the allergen compounds of the honey bee venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abbasi
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P. O. Box 31485-498, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parvin Shawrang
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P. O. Box 31485-498, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Maryam Sadeghi
- University of Tehran, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hamed Majidi-Zahed
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P. O. Box 31485-498, Karaj, Iran
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Wang M, Qin M, Wang AY, Zhao JW, Deng F, Han Y, Wang W. Clinical Manifestations and Risk Factors Associated with 14 Deaths following Swarm Wasp Stings in a Chinese Tertiary Grade A General Hospital: A Retrospective Database Analysis Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5789. [PMID: 37762730 PMCID: PMC10532120 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective was to evaluate the poisoning severity score (PSS) as an early prognostic predictor in patients with wasp stings and identify associated clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality. METHODS A total of 363 patients with wasp stings at Suining Central Hospital between January 2016 and December 2018 were enrolled. Within the first 24 h of admission, the poisoning severity score (PSS) and the Chinese expert consensus on standardized diagnosis and treatment of wasp stings (CECC) were utilized for severity classification, and their correlation was examined. Patients were then divided into survival and death groups based on discharge status. Logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze factors influencing patients' outcomes. RESULTS The mortality of wasp sting patients was 3.9%. The PSS and CECC were found to correlate for severity classification. Additionally, female gender, age, number of stings, and PSS were identified as independent risk factors for mortality in wasp sting patients. Combining these four factors yielded an AUC of 0.962 for predicting death. CONCLUSIONS PSS aids in early severity classification of wasp stings. Female gender, age, number of stings, and PSS were independent mortality risk factors in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maohe Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining 629000, China
| | - Mei Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining 629000, China
- Renal Department and Nephrology Institute, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Amanda Y. Wang
- Renal and Metabolic Division, The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jia-Wei Zhao
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia
| | - Fei Deng
- Renal Department and Nephrology Institute, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yumei Han
- Department of Nephrology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining 629000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Renal Department and Nephrology Institute, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
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Małek A, Strzemski M, Kurzepa J, Kurzepa J. Can Bee Venom Be Used as Anticancer Agent in Modern Medicine? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3714. [PMID: 37509375 PMCID: PMC10378503 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey bee venom in its composition contains many biologically active peptides and enzymes that are effective in the fight against diseases of various etiologies. The history of the use of bee venom for medicinal purposes dates back thousands of years. There are many reports in the literature on the pharmacological properties of bee venom and/or its main components, e.g., anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial or neuroprotective properties. In addition, both crude venom and melittin exhibit cytotoxic activity against a wide range of tumor cells, with significant anti-metastatic activity in pre-clinical studies. Due to the constantly increasing incidence of cancer, the development of new therapeutic strategies in oncology is a particular challenge for modern medicine. A review paper discusses the various properties of bee venom with an emphasis on its anticancer properties. For this purpose, the PubMed database was searched, and publications related to "bee", "venom", "cancer" from the last 10 years were selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Małek
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Strzemski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Kurzepa
- 1st Department of Radiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Kurzepa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Mo Y, Shi Q, Qi G, Chen K. Potential anti-tumor effects of Solenopsis invicta venom. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200659. [PMID: 37283754 PMCID: PMC10239855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhang Mo
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingxing Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guojun Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kebing Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Carvalho ÉS, Oliveira I, Nascimento TP, da Silva Neto AV, Leal BAS, Araújo FQ, Julião BFV, Souza ARN, Abrahim AW, Macedo BBO, de Oliveira JTS, Wen FH, Pucca MB, Monteiro WM, Sachett JAG. Prospecting Local Treatments Used in Conjunction with Antivenom Administration Following Envenomation Caused by Animals: A Systematic Review. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15050313. [PMID: 37235348 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15050313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Envenomation caused by venomous animals may trigger significant local complications such as pain, edema, localized hemorrhage, and tissue necrosis, in addition to complications such as dermonecrosis, myonecrosis, and even amputations. This systematic review aims to evaluate scientific evidence on therapies used to target local effects caused by envenomation. The PubMed, MEDLINE, and LILACS databases were used to perform a literature search on the topic. The review was based on studies that cited procedures performed on local injuries following envenomation with the aim of being an adjuvant therapeutic strategy. The literature regarding local treatments used following envenomation reports the use of several alternative methods and/or therapies. The venomous animals found in the search were snakes (82.05%), insects (2.56%), spiders (2.56%), scorpions (2.56%), and others (jellyfish, centipede, sea urchin-10.26%). In regard to the treatments, the use of tourniquets, corticosteroids, antihistamines, and cryotherapy is questionable, as well as the use of plants and oils. Low-intensity lasers stand out as a possible therapeutic tool for these injuries. Local complications can progress to serious conditions and may result in physical disabilities and sequelae. This study compiled information on adjuvant therapeutic measures and underscores the importance of more robust scientific evidence for recommendations that act on local effects together with the antivenom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica S Carvalho
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus 69040000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Isadora Oliveira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís P Nascimento
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus 69040000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Vilhena da Silva Neto
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus 69040000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Brenda A S Leal
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050030, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Felipe Q Araújo
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050030, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Bruno F V Julião
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050030, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Andrea R N Souza
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus 69040000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Andreza W Abrahim
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050030, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Bruna B O Macedo
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus 69040000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jéssica T S de Oliveira
- Department of Teaching and Research, Alfredo da Matta Foundation, Manaus 69065130, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Fan Hui Wen
- Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05501000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuela B Pucca
- Medical School, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista 69310000, Roraima, Brazil
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista 69310000, Roraima, Brazil
| | - Wuelton M Monteiro
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus 69040000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline A G Sachett
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus 69040000, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Alfredo da Matta Foundation, Manaus 69065130, Amazonas, Brazil
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Nguyen TN, Jeng MJ, Chen NY, Yang CC. Outcomes of wasp and bee stings in Taiwan. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2023; 61:181-185. [PMID: 36892552 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2023.2173075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The families of Hymenoptera causing commonly poisonous animal stings in Taiwan include Apoidea (bee) and Vespidae (wasp). This study aimed to investigate the epidemiologic, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of the severity of envenomation following wasp or bee stings in Taiwan. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study by identifying all wasp and bee sting-related envenomation reported to the Taiwan National Poison Control Center between January 2001 and November 2021. Data were reviewed and abstracted by two independent reviewers. We then used ordinal logistic regression analysis to find potential predictors of severe wasp and bee sting-related envenomation. RESULTS In Taiwan, bee or wasp stings mainly occur in late summer and autumn. A total of 611 patients were reported to the Taiwan National Poison Control Center with 7.5% resulting in severe or fatal envenomation. Four-hundred and forty-one patients were eligible for the final analysis of the predictors of severity. Logistic regression analysis showed that a greater number of stings, being stung by wasps, older age, and stings over the body were significant predictors for greater severity. The systemic effects following wasp and bee sting included anaphylactic reaction, prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time, rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, and elevated liver enzymes. CONCLUSIONS Wasps generally inflicted more severe envenomation than bees. Only 7.5% of patients had severe or fatal outcomes. Patients with older age, multiple stings, and/or multiple sites of stings were more likely to have severe outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ngat Nguyen
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Tropical Diseases, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Mei-Jy Jeng
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Yu Chen
- Taiwan National Poison Control Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chang Yang
- Taiwan National Poison Control Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Li H, Wen J, Zhou JL, Chen B, Wu XR. Subarachnoid hemorrhage following wasp stings: A case report. Am J Emerg Med 2023; 68:215.e3-215.e7. [PMID: 37024323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Three days after being stung by wasps in a rural area, a 60-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with headaches. The physical examination showed that the patient was conscious, had moderate pain, had four head and back stings with local edema and erythema around the wounds, and had a stiff neck. Brain computed tomography upon admission revealed no abnormalities. Following lumbar puncture, the patient was diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) induced by wasp stings. No obvious aneurysms were found by either computed tomography angiography or three-dimensional rotational angiography. He received symptomatic treatment including antiallergy medication (chlorpheniramine and intravenous hydrocortisone), nimodipine for possible vasospasm, fluid infusion, and mannitol for intracranial pressure reduction and was discharged on the 14th day. This case of wasp sting-induced SAH is being reported to improve doctors' diagnostic abilities when encountering patients with wasp stings. It is important for emergency physicians to be aware that patients stung by wasps may develop rare complications such as SAH. Hymenoptera-induced SAH is an example of such a case.
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The transmittable through stinging microbiota differs between honeybees and wasps: a potentially greater microbial risk of the wasp sting for humans. Int Microbiol 2023:10.1007/s10123-023-00332-6. [PMID: 36752864 PMCID: PMC10397125 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The present research investigated whether accidental contact through stinging with honeybees, wasps, and hornets could represent a microbial hazard for humans. It has been previously suggested that such contact may transmit pathogens causing infections that could even be fatal for some susceptible individuals. Stinging simulation experiments were performed in the lab with live insects collected from the environment in Lemnos Island (north-eastern Greece), while different selective agar media targeting some clinically important bacteria (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis/faecium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were used as substrates for microbial recovery and identification. Results revealed none of the target pathogenic bacterial species in the honeybee samples, with bacilli, staphylococci, and micrococci dominating their surveyed microbiota. However, most of the suspect colonies isolated from wasps and hornets belonged to important hygienic indicators (i.e., enterococci, Proteus mirabilis, and coliforms), implying possible contact of these insects with fecal origin materials. To sum up, the microbiota that may be transmitted to humans through stinging appears to differ between honeybees and wasps/hornets, while the isolation from the latter samples of some other important opportunistic pathogens, such as Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp., also known for multidrug resistance, could be an additional reason of concern.
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Therapeutic Use of Bee Venom and Potential Applications in Veterinary Medicine. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020119. [PMID: 36851423 PMCID: PMC9965945 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Apitherapy is a branch of alternative medicine that consists of the treatment of diseases through products collected, processed, and secreted by bees, specifically pollen, propolis, honey, royal jelly, and bee venom. In traditional medicine, the virtues of honey and propolis have been well-known for centuries. The same, however, cannot be said for venom. The use of bee venom is particularly relevant for many therapeutic aspects. In recent decades, scientific studies have confirmed and enabled us to understand its properties. Bee venom has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, central nervous system inhibiting, radioprotective, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties, among others. Numerous studies have often been summarised in reviews of the scientific literature that have focused on the results obtained with mouse models and their subsequent transposition to the human patient. In contrast, few reviews of scientific work on the use of bee venom in veterinary medicine exist. This review aims to take stock of the research achievements in this particular discipline, with a view to a recapitulation and stabilisation in the different research fields.
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Ullah A, Aldakheel FM, Anjum SI, Raza G, Khan SA, Tlak Gajger I. Pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of honey bee venom. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:96-109. [PMID: 36685303 PMCID: PMC9845117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey bee venom (BV) is a valuable product, and has a wide range of biological effects, and its use is rapidly increasing in apitherapy. Therefore, the current study, we reviewed the existing knowledge about BV composition and its numerous pharmacological properties for future research and use. Honey bee venom or apitoxin is produced in the venom gland in the honey bee abdomen. Adult bees use it as a primary colony defense mechanism. It is composed of many biologically active substances including peptides, enzymes, amines, amino acids, phospholipids, minerals, carbohydrates as well as some volatile components. Melittin and phospholipase A2 are the most important components of BV, having anti-cancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritis, anti-nociceptive and other curative potentials. Therefore, in medicine, BV has been used for centuries against different diseases like arthritis, rheumatism, back pain, and various inflammatory infections. Nowadays, BV or its components separately, are used for the treatment of various diseases in different countries as a natural medicine with limited side effects. Consequently, scientists as well as several pharmaceutical companies are trying to get a new understanding about BV, its substances and its activity for more effective use of this natural remedy in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Mohammed Aldakheel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia,Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz Research Chair for Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Ishtiaq Anjum
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan,Corresponding author.
| | - Ghulam Raza
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Baltistan, Skardu, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ivana Tlak Gajger
- Department for Biology and Pathology of Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Lai D, Tian Y, Ji CF, Zang Y, Fu YS, Weng CF. Wasp-stung rat model translationally expresses the coagulopathy manifestations of human wasp patients. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271221149013. [PMID: 36623279 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221149013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Two over 80 wasp stings male victims appeared severe abnormal coagulation were consecutively examined by thromboelastography (TEG) guided with heparinase during hospitalization. However, the cause of coagulopathy remains unsolved. Rats were applied to establish a wasp-stung animal model highly resembled the manifestations of wasp-stung patients. According body surface area conversion, Sprague-Dawley rats were stung based on wasp sting numbers (0, 4, 8, 12 stings; n = 6 each) with various exposure times (0, 1, 3, 6 h) to determine the simulation of coagulopathy. The blood R, K values, and angle degree of wasp-stung rats were measured by TEG. The TEG profiles of stung rats were found to be concomitant with that of wasp-stung patients. Data showed that the endogenous heparinization of rats was time-dependent. Compared to the TEG profile of eight stings given rat, the coagulation time of 2 mm clot formation at 3 h (R value) was longer than that at 0 h. The coagulation time was prolonged with increasing sting numbers when compared to the various stings at 1, 3, and 6 h exposed. Interestingly, there was observed the peak coagulation at 3 h of eight stings. The Ck-standard and Ck-heparinase at 3 h after 8 stings given were R: 9.6-4.4 min; K: 3.8-1.8 min; angle degree: 49.8-68.0, respectively. The original data of R, K values and angle degree in two wasp-stung victims were 11.7-13.6 min, 4.3-5.5 min, and 41.2-32.8° in CK-standard, respectively; whereas those of the CK-heparinase groups were 5.6-6.7 min, 2.4-2.5 min, and 59.5-58.8°, correspondingly. Conclusively, this massive wasp-stung animal model can be applied to the investigations of pathogenesis and provides a clinical strategy or guideline for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Lai
- Medical Research Center, 519884The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China.,Intensive Care Unit, 519884The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Medical Research Center, 519884The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China.,Intensive Care Unit, 519884The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Chang-Fu Ji
- Medical Research Center, 519884The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China.,Intensive Care Unit, 519884The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuan Zang
- Medical Research Center, 519884The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China.,Intensive Care Unit, 519884The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Yaw-Syan Fu
- Medical Research Center, 519884The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, 519884Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Medical Research Center, 519884The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, 519884Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
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14
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Sedighi G, Dehghani R, Varzandeh M. Toxic reaction of a 3-year-old boy due to Hornet multiple stings in Kerman-Iran province: A case report. Toxicon 2022; 221:106976. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Dewi PSL, Suardamana IK. A Case Report of Anaphylactic Shock Due to Hornet Sting with Multiple Organ Dysfunction Complications. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hornet venom has been recognized to induce lethal systemic effects such as anaphylaxis shock, bronchospasm, acute kidney or liver injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), cardiovascular collapse, and even death. It consists of several enzymes and polypeptides with low molecular weights. It has been reported to contain the enzymes phospholipase A2, hyaluronidase, phosphomonoesterase acid ester, α-D-glucosidase, lysophospholipase, α-galactosidase, α-acetylamino-deoxsiglucosidase, and arylamidase. The venom will cause localized or systemic inflammation, an anticoagulant effect that may be fatal.
CASE REPORT: Herewith, a survival case report suffered from DIC with multi-organ failure following severe anaphylaxis shock post a hundred or massive Hornet sting.
CONCLUSION: We have reported a case of anaphylactic shock after a massive hornet sting with DIC that presented symptoms of shock, AKI, ALI, and multi-site bleeding. Although the mortality rate for similar cases is quite high, the outcome will be better with comprehensive and adequate treatment.
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16
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Hoffmann RM, Miller K. Adherent foreign body on the uvula. Ann Emerg Med 2022; 80:21-45. [PMID: 35717112 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hoffmann
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kelsey Miller
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
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17
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Nejabat S, Haghshenas MR, Farjadian S. Allergenome profiling of Vespa orientalis venom by serum IgE in patients with anaphylactic reaction to this hornet sting. Toxicon 2022; 214:130-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Carriazo S, Ortiz A. Wasp stings and plasma exchange. Clin Kidney J 2022; 15:1455-1458. [PMID: 35892025 PMCID: PMC9308096 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Invasive species related to climate change and/or globalization may be associated with novel forms of kidney disease. This is the case for wasps. Several species of Asian wasps are increasingly found in America (e.g. Asian giant hornet, Vespa mandarinia) and Europe (e.g. yellow-legged Asian hornet, V. velutina; black shield hornet; V. bicolor and Oriental hornet, V. orientalis). Some of these species have been associated with human deaths and acute kidney injury. The literature on wasps and acute kidney injury is scarce and mostly originating from Asia, so nephrologists outside Asia are not familiar with this health problem. In a recent issue of ckj, Liu et al describe a simple, 4-item Wasp Sting Severity Score (WSS) developed from 1131 wasp sting patients. V. mandarinia and V. velutina were among those causing hospitalization, although most cases were caused by the black-bellied hornet (V. basalis). Liu et al propose that a WSS ≥3 should guide early (<24h after stings) plasma exchange, as plasma exchange was associated with lower mortality in severely affected patients but continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) and hemoperfusion were not. The WSS will require external validation. This manuscript should raise awareness about the potentially fatal consequences of stings by wasp species making their way into America and Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Carriazo
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
- RICORS2040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
- RICORS2040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Liu Y, Shu H, Long Y, Nie X, Tang H, Tu L, Zhang H, Qiu G, He D, Huang Q, Zhang Q, Qing S, Xu D, Xia H. Development and internal validation of a Wasp Sting Severity Score to assess severity and indicate blood purification in persons with Asian wasp stings. Clin Kidney J 2022; 15:320-327. [PMID: 35145646 PMCID: PMC8825213 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfab201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, the incidence of wasp sting has increased annually in China. Organ damage and high mortality due to mass wasp envenomation remain major challenges. Timely and appropriate medical intervention can improve survival. However, there are currently no normalized tools for early assessment of severity. Methods The clinical data of wasp sting patients hospitalized from 2011 to 2019 were used as a training set. Logistic regression was used to explore major risk factors for the development of a severe case of wasp sting (SC). The Wasp Sting Severity Score (WSS) was determined considering these risk factors to identify SCs and was tested in a validation dataset that was prospectively collected in 2020. Results The data of 1131 wasp sting patients from 2011 to 2019 were included in the training set. Logistic regression analysis showed that tea-colored urine, number of stings, and lactate dehydrogenase and total bilirubin levels were risk factors for developing an SC. The WSS was developed considering these four risk factors, and the total possible WSS was 20 points. The WSS was tested using the validation dataset, comprising the data of 153 patients, in 2020, and we found that a WSS ≥3 points was an important indication for blood purification, with a sensitivity of 71.9%, specificity of 92.6% and an area under the curve of 0.918 (95% confidence interval 0.873–0.962). Among patients with more than 30 stings, mortality in those who underwent plasma exchange (PE) within 24 h after admission was significantly lower than that in those who did not receive PE treatment (14.3% versus 46.9%, P = 0.003). However, continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) (P = 0.317) and hemoperfusion (HP) (P = 0.869) did not significantly reduce mortality. Conclusions Patients with WSS scores ≥3 should be considered for blood purification as early as possible in addition to routine treatment. In addition, PE is better than CVVH and HP at reducing mortality in patients suffering from severe wasp stings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, An Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Suining, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hongmei Shu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, An Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Suining, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Youlin Long
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaoqin Nie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, An Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Suining, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hongfu Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, An Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Suining, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lang Tu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shehong People's Hospital, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shehong People's Hospital, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Gang Qiu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Pengxi County People's Hospital, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Daihua He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Pengxi County People's Hospital, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Daying County People's Hospital, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Daying County People's Hospital, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shuang Qing
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, An Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Suining, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Donglin Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, An Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Suining, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hongtao Xia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, An Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Suining, Sichuan Province, China
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20
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Duraisamy K, Singh K, Kumar M, Lefranc B, Bonnafé E, Treilhou M, Leprince J, Chow BKC. P17 induces chemotaxis and differentiation of monocytes via MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell-line activation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:275-291. [PMID: 34111449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND P17, a peptide isolated from Tetramorium bicarinatum ant venom, is known to induce an alternative phenotype of human monocyte-derived macrophages via activation of an unknown G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the mechanism of action and the immunomodulatory effects of P17 mediated through MRGPRX2 (Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2). METHODS To identify the GPCR for P17, we screened 314 GPCRs. Upon identification of MRGPRX2, a battery of in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo assays along with the receptor mutation studies were performed. In particular, to investigate the immunomodulatory actions, we used β-hexosaminidase release assay, cytokine releases, quantification of mRNA expression, cell migration and differentiation assays, immunohistochemical labeling, hematoxylin and eosin, and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS P17 activated MRGPRX2 in a dose-dependent manner in β-arrestin recruitment assay. In LAD2 cells, P17 induced calcium and β-hexosaminidase release. Quercetin- and short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of MRGPRX2 reduced P17-evoked β-hexosaminidase release. In silico and in vitro mutagenesis studies showed that residue Lys8 of P17 formed a cation-π interaction with the Phe172 of MRGPRX2 and [Ala8]P17 lost its activity partially. P17 activated LAD2 cells to recruit THP-1 and human monocytes in Transwell migration assay, whereas MRGPRX2-impaired LAD2 cells cannot. In addition, P17-treated LAD2 cells stimulated differentiation of THP-1 and human monocytes, as indicated by the enhanced expression of macrophage markers cluster of differentiation 11b and TNF-α by quantitative RT-PCR. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining suggested monocyte recruitment in mice ears injected with P17. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide novel structural information regarding the interaction of P17 with MRGPRX2 and intracellular pathways for its immunomodulatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthi Duraisamy
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kailash Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Benjamin Lefranc
- INSERM U1239, PRIMACEN, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Elsa Bonnafé
- EA7417 BTSB, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, INU Champollion, Albi, France
| | - Michel Treilhou
- EA7417 BTSB, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, INU Champollion, Albi, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- INSERM U1239, PRIMACEN, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.
| | - Billy K C Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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21
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Castagnoli R, Giovannini M, Mori F, Barni S, Pecoraro L, Arasi S, Saretta F, Mastrorilli C, Liotti L, Caminiti L, Sturm GJ, Marseglia GL, Novembre E. Unusual Reactions to Hymenoptera Stings: Current Knowledge and Unmet Needs in the Pediatric Population. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:717290. [PMID: 34901051 PMCID: PMC8661053 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.717290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hymenoptera stings are generally well-tolerated and usually cause limited local reactions, characterized by self-resolving erythema and edema associated with pain. However, Hymenoptera stings can induce immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions. In addition to these manifestations, unusual reactions to Hymenoptera stings have been reported. The latter are defined as unusual because of their atypical characteristics. They may differ from classical hypersensitivity reactions due to the stings' particular localization and the unusual involvement of one or more specific organs. Although unusual reactions to Hymenoptera stings are infrequent, it is essential for clinicians to know the possible related clinical manifestations. Here, we review the available literature and propose a diagnostic and management algorithm. At present, there are no defined guidelines for most of the unusual reactions to Hymenoptera stings, which should be managed in a tailored way according to the specifical clinical manifestations presented by the patients. Further studies are needed to better define these conditions and the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Castagnoli
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mattia Giovannini
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Mori
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Barni
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Pecoraro
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Verona, Italy.,Pediatric Unit, ASST Mantua, Mantua, Italy
| | - Stefania Arasi
- Translational Research in Pediatric Specialities Area, Division of Allergy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Saretta
- Pediatric Department, Latisana-Palmanova Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy
| | - Carla Mastrorilli
- Pediatric Unit and Emergency, University Hospital Consortium Corporation Polyclinic of Bari, Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII, Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Liotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Salesi Children's Hospital, AOU Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucia Caminiti
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Development Age "Gaetano Barresi," Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, AOU Policlinico Gaetano Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Gunter Johannes Sturm
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Allergy Outpatient Clinic Reumannplatz, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elio Novembre
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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22
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Sarhan M, El-Bitar AMH, Mohammadein A, Elshehaby M, Hotta H. Virucidal activity of oriental hornet Vespa orientalis venom against hepatitis C virus. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2021; 27:e20210039. [PMID: 34868283 PMCID: PMC8609606 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2021-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major worldwide health problem that can cause liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The clinical treatment of HCV infection mainly relies on the use of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) that are usually expensive and have side effects. Therefore, achieving the discovery of more successful agents is always urgent. In this context, antiviral compounds that inhibit viral infections and disease progression with important therapeutic activities have been identified in animal venoms including arthropod toxins. This indicates that arthropod venoms represent a good natural source of promising candidates for new antivirals. Methods The antiviral activity of the wasp venom (WV), isolated from the Oriental hornet (Vespa orientalis), was assessed using cell culture technique with human hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cell line (Huh7it-1) and the recombinant strain of HCV genotype 2a (JFH1). Results The results revealed that WV inhibited HCV infectivity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 10 ng/mL, while the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was 11,000 ng/mL. Time of addition experiment showed that the WV blocked HCV attachment/entry to the cells probably through virucidal effect. On the other hand, the venom showed no inhibitory effect on HCV replication. Conclusion WV can inhibit the entry stage of HCV infection at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Therefore, it could be considered a potential candidate for characterization of natural anti-HCV agents targeting the entry step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Sarhan
- Molecular biology Laboratory, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.,Department of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Alaa M H El-Bitar
- Department of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amaal Mohammadein
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Biology, College of Science, Taeif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Elshehaby
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hak Hotta
- Department of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Faculty of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Konan Women's University, Kobe, Japan
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23
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Zache E, Cajueiro J, Andrade Neto A, Almeida L, Colares R, Afonso J, Souza M, Arenales A. Anaphylactic shock with pulmonary eosinophilic infiltration due to honeybee attack in a donkey: case report. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT A case of a donkey attacked by Africanized honeybee is reported here with clinical signs of agitation, dehydration, congestion of the ocular mucous membranes, tongue edema, tachycardia and inspiratory dyspnea, and progression to death. At necropsy, diffuse, severe subcutaneous edema at face and cervical regions and severe diffuse pulmonary hyperemia with abundant edema without parenchymal collapse were observed. Microscopically, marked, diffuse deep dermis and panniculus carnosus edema and marked diffuse alveolar edema, with moderate population of eosinophils predominantly around larger caliber vessels were noted. The final diagnosis of anaphylactic shock was supported by history, clinical signs, and anatomic pathology findings. This is the first report of a honeybee attack with pulmonary eosinophilic infiltration in a mammal.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Zache
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - L. Almeida
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - R.R. Colares
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - M.I. Souza
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - A. Arenales
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
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24
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Turner K, Boyd C, Stander N, Smart L. Clinical characteristics of two-hundred thirty-two dogs (2006-2018) treated for suspected anaphylaxis in Perth, Western Australia. Aust Vet J 2021; 99:505-512. [PMID: 34541658 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical features of dogs treated for suspected anaphylaxis in Perth, Western Australia. DESIGN Single-centre observational case series with retrospective and prospective phases. METHODS This was a two-phase study of dogs with clinical suspicion of anaphylaxis presenting to the emergency service of a university teaching hospital. Dogs required evidence of, and appropriate treatment of, a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction as well as two or more organs affected (or cardiovascular signs alone) to be included. Phase 1 includes retrospective case series of 186 dogs (March 2006-December 2018). Phase 2 includes prospective descriptive case series of 46 dogs (October 2017-July 2018) focused on clinical signs. RESULTS In phase 1, 88 (47%) dogs had evidence of insect exposure prior to the acute event. One hundred forty (75%) dogs had dermatological signs, 141 (76%) had gastrointestinal signs and 129 (69%) had cardiovascular signs. Ninety-two (49%) dogs had vasoconstrictive shock (5 with bradycardia), 24 (13%) had vasodilatory shock, 8 (4%) had mixed vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive shock and 5 (3%) had unclassifiable shock. On focused abdominal ultrasound, 42 of 71 (59%) dogs had gallbladder wall oedema and 3 of 71 (4%) dogs had peritoneal free fluid. In phase 2, the distributions of insect exposure, organ dysfunction and sonographic abnormalities were similar to phase 1. CONCLUSION Dogs presenting with suspected anaphylaxis showed a broad range of presentations. Dermatological signs were absent in a proportion of dogs, vasoconstrictive shock was more frequent than vasodilatory and unique features of shock were identified. This study highlights the challenges of diagnosis based on presenting features alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Turner
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - C Boyd
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - N Stander
- Vet Imaging Specialists, The Animal Hospital at Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - L Smart
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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25
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Cerpes U, Repelnig ML, Legat FJ. Itch in Hymenoptera Sting Reactions. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2:727776. [PMID: 35387042 PMCID: PMC8974678 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.727776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect stings and the resulting itch are a ubiquitous problem. Stings by members of the insect order Hymenoptera, which includes sawflies, wasps, bees and ants, and especially by bees and wasps are extremely common, with 56–94% of the population being stung at least once in their lifetime. The complex process of venom activity and inflammation causes local reactions with pain and pruritus, sometimes anaphylactic reactions and more seldomly, as in case of numerous stings, systemic intoxication. We reviewed the literature regarding itch experienced after Hymenoptera stings, but found no study that placed a specific focus on this topic. Hymenoptera venoms are composed of many biologically active substances, including peptide toxins and proteinaceous toxins. Peptide toxins from bee venom cause cell lysis and ion channel modulation in the peripheral and central nervous systems, while toxins from wasp venom induce mast cell degranulation and chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the skin. The proteinaceous toxins cause a disruption of the cell membranes and necrotic cell death, degradation of hyaluronan (an extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan), increased vascular permeability, hemolysis, as well as activated platelet aggregation. Mediators which could be directly involved in the venom-induced pruritus include histamine and tryptase released from mast cells, interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 from Th2 lymphocytes, as well as leukotriene C4. We postulate that a pruriceptive itch is induced due to the pharmacological properties of Hymenoptera venoms.
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Das TS, Das BB, Mote C. In vivo and invitro experimentation for scientific validation of the traditional use of Chromolaena odorata (L.) against envenomation of honey bee sting. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nader RA, Mackieh R, Wehbe R, El Obeid D, Sabatier JM, Fajloun Z. Beehive Products as Antibacterial Agents: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:717. [PMID: 34203716 PMCID: PMC8232087 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeybees are one of the most marvelous and economically beneficial insects. As pollinators, they play a vital role in every aspect of the ecosystem. Beehive products have been used for thousands of years in many cultures for the treatment of various diseases. Their healing properties have been documented in many religious texts like the Noble Quran and the Holy Bible. Honey, bee venom, propolis, pollen and royal jelly all demonstrated a richness in their bioactive compounds which make them effective against a variety of bacterial strains. Furthermore, many studies showed that honey and bee venom work as powerful antibacterial agents against a wide range of bacteria including life-threatening bacteria. Several reports documented the biological activities of honeybee products but none of them emphasized on the antibacterial activity of all beehive products. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the antibacterial activity of honey, bee venom, propolis, pollen and royal jelly, that are produced by honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Abou Nader
- Faculty of Sciences 3, Department of Biology, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon; (R.A.N.); (R.M.)
| | - Rawan Mackieh
- Faculty of Sciences 3, Department of Biology, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon; (R.A.N.); (R.M.)
| | - Rim Wehbe
- Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Dany El Obeid
- Faculty of Agriculture & Veterinary Sciences, Lebanese University, Dekwaneh, Beirut 2832, Lebanon;
| | - Jean Marc Sabatier
- Faculté de Médecine Secteur Nord, 51, Université Aix-Marseille, Institut de Neuro-Physiopathologie, UMR 7051, Boulevard Pierre Dramard-CS80011, CEDEX 15, 13344 Marseille, France
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Faculty of Sciences 3, Department of Biology, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon; (R.A.N.); (R.M.)
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
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Srisuwarn P, Srisuma S, Sriapha C, Tongpoo A, Rittilert P, Pradoo A, Tanpudsa Y, Wananukul W. Clinical effects and factors associated with adverse clinical outcomes of hymenopteran stings treated in a Thai Poison Centre: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2021; 60:168-174. [PMID: 33960850 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2021.1918705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe clinical effects and outcomes of hymenopteran stings and to explore the non-laboratory factors associated with adverse clinical outcomes, a composite outcome including death, respiratory failure requiring intubation, acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring dialysis and hypotension requiring vasopressor use. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed at the Ramathibodi Poison Center, a poison centre of a tertiary care hospital in Thailand. All cases of hymenopteran sting consultations from January 2015 to June 2019 were consecutively enrolled, and charts were reviewed. Demographics, initial clinical characteristics and outcomes were collected. Factors associated with adverse clinical outcome were explored. RESULTS One hundred and fourteen hymenopteran stings cases (wasp 48%, bee 33%, hornet 14% and carpenter bee 8.8%) were included (median age, 36.5 years (interquartile range 9-55); male 63%). The prevalence of adverse clinical outcomes was 12.3% (95%CI 6.88-12.8). At initial presentation, 100% of cases had local skin reactions, 11.4% were clinical anaphylaxis, and 8% had red urine. Adverse clinical outcomes included death (n = 10), respiratory failure requiring intubation (n = 9), AKI requiring dialysis (n = 6) and hypotension requiring vasopressor use (n = 2). None of the patients with carpenter bee or hornet stings developed adverse clinical outcomes. In univariable analysis, urticaria, wheezing, red urine, wasp sting and sting number > 10 were significantly associated with adverse clinical outcomes. In multivariable analysis, red urine (adjusted OR 11.1 (95% CI 1.57-216)), wheezing (adjusted OR 16.7 (95% CI 1.43-402)) and a number of stings > 10 (adjusted OR 21.5 (95% CI2.13-2557)) were significant. CONCLUSIONS Adverse clinical outcomes in hymenopteran stings were not uncommon among cases inquiring to a national Thai poison centre. At initial presentation, red urine, wheezing and a number stings >10 were significantly associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Larger epidemiologic studies are required to confirm these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praopilad Srisuwarn
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Ramathibodi Poison Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sahaphume Srisuma
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Ramathibodi Poison Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Charuwan Sriapha
- Ramathibodi Poison Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Achara Tongpoo
- Ramathibodi Poison Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panee Rittilert
- Ramathibodi Poison Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aimon Pradoo
- Ramathibodi Poison Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yuvadee Tanpudsa
- Ramathibodi Poison Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Winai Wananukul
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Ramathibodi Poison Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Barbosa AN, Ferreira RS, de Carvalho FCT, Schuelter-Trevisol F, Mendes MB, Mendonça BC, Batista JN, Trevisol DJ, Boyer L, Chippaux JP, Medolago NB, Cassaro CV, Carneiro MTR, de Oliveira APP, Pimenta DC, da Cunha LER, Dos Santos LD, Barraviera B. Single-Arm, Multicenter Phase I/II Clinical Trial for the Treatment of Envenomings by Massive Africanized Honey Bee Stings Using the Unique Apilic Antivenom. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653151. [PMID: 33841437 PMCID: PMC8025786 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the safety, optimal dose, and preliminary effectiveness of a new-approach Africanized honeybee (Apis mellifera) Antivenom (AAV) in a phase I/II, multicenter, non-randomized, single-arm clinical trial involving 20 participants with multiple stings. Participants received 2 to 10 vials of AAV depending on the number of stings they suffered, or a predefined adjuvant, symptomatic, and complementary treatment. The primary safety endpoint was the occurrence of early adverse reactions within the first 24 h of treatment. Preliminary efficacy based on clinical evolution, including laboratory findings, was assessed at baseline and at various time points over the four following weeks. ELISA assays and mass spectrometry were used to estimate venom pharmacokinetics before, during, and after treatment. Twenty adult participants, i.e., 13 (65%) men and 7 (35%) women, with a median age of 44 years and a mean body surface area of 1.92 m2 (median = 1.93 m2) were recruited. The number of stings ranged from 7 to > 2,000, with a median of 52.5. Symptoms of envenoming were classified as mild, moderate, or severe in 80% (16), 15% (3), and 5% (1) of patients, respectively; patients with mild, moderate, or severe envenoming received 2, 6, and 10 vials of AAV as per the protocol. None of the patients had late reactions (serum sickness) within 30 d of treatment. There was no discontinuation of the protocol due to adverse events, and there were no serious adverse events. One patient had a moderate adverse event, transient itchy skin, and erythroderma. All participants completed the intravenous antivenom infusion within 2 h, and there was no loss to follow-up after discharge. ELISA assays showed venom (melittin and PLA2) concentrations varying between 0.25 and 1.479 ng/mL prior to treatment. Venom levels decreased in all patients during the hospitalization period. Surprisingly, in nine cases (45%), despite clinical recovery and the absence of symptoms, venom levels increased again during outpatient care 10 d after discharge. Mass spectrometry showed melittin in eight participants, 30 d after treatment. Considering the promising safety results for this investigational product in the treatment of massive Africanized honeybee attack, and its efficacy, reflected in the clinical improvements and corresponding immediate decrease in blood venom levels, the AAV has shown to be safe for human use. Clinical Trial Registration: UTN: U1111-1160-7011, identifier [RBR-3fthf8].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Naime Barbosa
- Department of Infectology, Dermatology, Imaging Diagnosis and Radiotherapy, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Department of Infectology, Dermatology, Imaging Diagnosis and Radiotherapy, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil.,Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Clinical Research, Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP) and Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Francilene Capel Tavares de Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil.,Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Schuelter-Trevisol
- Clinical Research Center, Nossa Senhora da Conceição Hospital, Tubarão, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina at Tubarão, Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Mônica Bannwart Mendes
- Department of Infectology, Dermatology, Imaging Diagnosis and Radiotherapy, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Bruna Cavecci Mendonça
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil.,Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - José Nixon Batista
- Clinical Research Center, Nossa Senhora da Conceição Hospital, Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Daisson José Trevisol
- Clinical Research Center, Nossa Senhora da Conceição Hospital, Tubarão, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina at Tubarão, Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Leslie Boyer
- VIPER Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe Chippaux
- MERIT, IRD, Université Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CRT, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Natália Bronzatto Medolago
- Clinical Research Unit (UPECLIN), Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Claudia Vilalva Cassaro
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil.,Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Márcia Tonin Rigotto Carneiro
- Clinical Research Unit (UPECLIN), Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ana Paola Piloto de Oliveira
- Clinical Research Unit (UPECLIN), Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Daniel Carvalho Pimenta
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil.,Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lucilene Delazari Dos Santos
- Department of Infectology, Dermatology, Imaging Diagnosis and Radiotherapy, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil.,Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Clinical Research, Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP) and Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Department of Infectology, Dermatology, Imaging Diagnosis and Radiotherapy, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil.,Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Clinical Research, Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP) and Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil
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Helgeson ME, Pigott AM, Kierski KR. Retrospective review of diphenhydramine versus diphenhydramine plus glucocorticoid for treatment of uncomplicated allergic reaction in dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2021; 31:380-386. [PMID: 33749168 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the outcome of treatment of uncomplicated allergic reactions in dogs with diphenhydramine vs diphenhydramine plus glucocorticoid and to determine the incidence rate of uncomplicated allergic reactions DESIGN: Retrospective study between January 1, 2012 and August 15, 2018. SETTING Privately owned, 24-hour emergency and specialty referral veterinary hospital. ANIMALS Eight hundred and eighty cases of dogs treated for uncomplicated allergic reaction with diphenhydramine alone or in combination with a glucocorticoid. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Two hundred ninety-nine dogs were treated with diphenhydramine alone, and 581 were treated with diphenhydramine plus Dex SP. There was no difference between the 2 groups for response to initial therapy, need for additional veterinary intervention after discharge, or persistent signs at follow-up. The cumulative incidence of emergency department presentation for uncomplicated allergic reaction in this hospital was 1.2%. CONCLUSIONS There was no difference in measured outcomes between dogs treated with diphenhydramine alone vs those treated with a glucocorticoid in addition to diphenhydramine in this population of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Helgeson
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Lakeshore Veterinary Specialists, 2100 W Silver Spring Drive, Glendale, Wisconsin, 53209, USA
| | - Armi M Pigott
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Lakeshore Veterinary Specialists, 2100 W Silver Spring Drive, Glendale, Wisconsin, 53209, USA
| | - Kate R Kierski
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Lakeshore Veterinary Specialists, 2100 W Silver Spring Drive, Glendale, Wisconsin, 53209, USA
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31
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Pro-inflammatory response induced by the venom of Parachartergus fraternus wasp. Toxicon 2020; 190:11-19. [PMID: 33290790 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.11.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The sting of different wasp species triggers local and systemic reactions in victims that can lead to death. Parachartergus fraternus is responsible for frequent accidents in Latin America; however, few studies have been conducted on this insect and its venom. In this study, the inflammatory process induced by the venom of the P. fraternus wasp (Pfv; 100, 200, and 400 μg/kg) was characterized. Mice were used to assess paw edema, vascular permeability, mast cell degranulation, leukocyte influx, nitric oxide (NO) production, expression of inflammatory genes, and histopathological changes. Pfv triggered edema formation with a peak dose of 200 μg/kg at 10 min. There was an increase in permeability in all periods and doses evaluated, with no differences between them. The 200 μg/kg dose induced mast cell degranulation in all periods, with a peak at 15 min. This same dose induced leukocyte influx with a predominance of mononuclear cells and triggered a peak in NO production in the 12th hour. The increase in COX-2, iNOS, and IFN-γ mRNA expression occurred after 1 and 6 h, and there was an increase in IL-10 expression after 48 h. In addition, Pfv triggered edema and induced an influx of macrophages and mast cells into the injection site. Therefore, Pfv induces an inflammatory process from the first 5 min of inoculation that can persist for up to 48 h.
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32
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Cross-Reactive Carbohydrate Determinant in Apis mellifera, Solenopsis invicta and Polybia paulista Venoms: Identification of Allergic Sensitization and Cross-Reactivity. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12100649. [PMID: 33050082 PMCID: PMC7599856 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic reactions to Hymenoptera venom, which could lead to systemic and even fatal symptoms, is characterized by hypersensitivity reactions mediated by specific IgE (sIgE) driven to venom allergens. Patients multisensitized to sIgE usually recognize more than one allergen in different Hymenoptera species. However, the presence of sIgE directed against Cross-Reactive Carbohydrate Determinant (CCD), which occurs in some allergens from Hymenoptera venom, hampers the identification of the culprit insects. CCD is also present in plants, pollen, fruits, but not in mammals. Bromelain (Brl) extracted from pineapples is a glycoprotein commonly used for reference to sIgE-CCD detection and analysis. In sera of fifty-one Hymenoptera allergic patients with specific IgE ≥ 1.0 KU/L, we assessed by immunoblotting the reactivity of sIgE to the major allergens of Apis mellifera, Polybia paulista and Solenopsis invicta venoms. We also distinguished, using sera adsorption procedures, the cases of CCD cross-reaction using Brl as a marker and inhibitor of CCD epitopes. The presence of reactivity for bromelain (24–28 kDa) was obtained in 43% of the patients, in which 64% presented reactivity for more than one Hymenoptera venom in radioallergosorbent (RAST) tests, and 90% showed reactivity in immunoblot analysis to the major allergens of Apis mellifera, Polybia paulista and Solenopsis invicta venoms. Sera adsorption procedures with Brl lead to a significant reduction in patients’ sera reactivity to the Hymenoptera allergens. Immunoblotting assay using pre- and post-Brl adsorption sera from wasp-allergic patients blotted with non-glycosylated recombinant antigens (rPoly p1, rPoly p5) from Polybia paulista wasp venom showed no change in reactivity pattern of sIgE that recognize allergen peptide epitopes. Our results, using Brl as a marker and CCD inhibitor to test sIgE reactivity, suggest that it could complement diagnostic methods and help to differentiate specific reactivity to allergens’ peptide epitopes from cross-reactivity caused by CCD, which is extremely useful in clinical practice.
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Teajaroen W, Phimwapi S, Daduang J, Klaynongsruang S, Tipmanee V, Daduang S. A Role of Newly Found Auxiliary Site in Phospholipase A 1 from Thai Banded Tiger Wasp ( Vespa affinis) in Its Enzymatic Enhancement: In Silico Homology Modeling and Molecular Dynamics Insights. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12080510. [PMID: 32784438 PMCID: PMC7472737 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12080510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A1 from Thai banded tiger wasp (Vespa affinis) venom also known as Ves a 1 plays an essential role in fatal vespid allergy. Ves a 1 becomes an important therapeutic target for toxin remedy. However, established Ves a 1 structure or a mechanism of Ves a 1 function were not well documented. This circumstance has prevented efficient design of a potential phospholipase A1 inhibitor. In our study, we successfully recruited homology modeling and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation to model Ves a 1 three-dimensional structure. The Ves a 1 structure along with dynamic behaviors were visualized and explained. In addition, we performed molecular docking of Ves a 1 with 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (DMPC) lipid to assess a possible lipid binding site. Interestingly, molecular docking predicted another lipid binding region apart from its corresponding catalytic site, suggesting an auxiliary role of the alternative site at the Ves a 1 surface. The new molecular mechanism related to the surface lipid binding site (auxiliary site) provided better understanding of how phospholipase A1 structure facilitates its enzymatic function. This auxiliary site, conserved among Hymenoptera species as well as some mammalian lipases, could be a guide for interaction-based design of a novel phospholipase A1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Withan Teajaroen
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School of Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | | | - Jureerut Daduang
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Sompong Klaynongsruang
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Varomyalin Tipmanee
- EZ-Mol-Design Laboratory and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (S.D.); Tel.: +66-74-45-1180 (V.T.); +66-43-34-2911 (S.D.)
| | - Sakda Daduang
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (S.D.); Tel.: +66-74-45-1180 (V.T.); +66-43-34-2911 (S.D.)
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Shedding Light on the Venom Proteomes of the Allergy-Relevant Hymenoptera Polistes dominula (European Paper Wasp) and Vespula spp. (Yellow Jacket). Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12050323. [PMID: 32422898 PMCID: PMC7291082 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic reactions to stings of Hymenoptera species can have serious or even fatal consequences. If the identification of the culprit insect is possible, venom-specific immunotherapy effectively cures Hymenoptera venom allergies. Although component-resolved diagnostics has strongly evolved in recent years, the differentiation between allergies to closely related species such as Polistes dominula and Vespula spp. is still challenging. In order to generate the basis for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, this study aims at resolving the venom proteomes (venomes) of these species. The venoms of P. dominula and Vespula spp. (V. germanica, V. vulgaris) were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Resulting proteins were characterized regarding their function, localization and biochemical properties. The analyses yielded 157 proteins in Vespula spp. and 100 in P. dominula venom; 48 proteins, including annotated allergens, were found in both samples. In addition to a variety of venom trace molecules, new allergen candidates such as icarapin-like protein and phospholipase A2 were identified. This study elucidates the venomes of closely related allergy-eliciting Hymenoptera species. The data indicates that relying on marker allergens to differentiate between P. dominula and Vespula spp. venom allergy is probably insufficient and that strategies using cross-reactive major allergens could be more promising.
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35
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An Envenoming Syndrome from Massive Vespa Stings Induces Multiple Organ Failure. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11040219. [PMID: 32252275 PMCID: PMC7240471 DOI: 10.3390/insects11040219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Envenoming syndrome is a systemic reaction induced by inoculation of large volumes of Hymenoptera venom. The clinical manifestations range from skin allergic reactions to multiple organ failure. Vespid venom-induced toxic reactions and anaphylaxis are the most common lethal mechanism of death, involving acute respiratory failure, acute liver failure, rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, and severe coagulopathy. Multiple organ failure as a consequence of severe venom toxicity is a rare but dangerous complication in victims. Delay of intervention to correct vespid venom-induced toxic reactions may cause catastrophic complications. Here, we describe a case presenting a rare vespid venom-induced multiple organ failure with systemic coagulopathy after massive Vespa attack.
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36
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Pucca MB, Cerni FA, Oliveira IS, Jenkins TP, Argemí L, Sørensen CV, Ahmadi S, Barbosa JE, Laustsen AH. Bee Updated: Current Knowledge on Bee Venom and Bee Envenoming Therapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2090. [PMID: 31552038 PMCID: PMC6743376 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey bees can be found all around the world and fulfill key pollination roles within their natural ecosystems, as well as in agriculture. Most species are typically docile, and most interactions between humans and bees are unproblematic, despite their ability to inject a complex venom into their victims as a defensive mechanism. Nevertheless, incidences of bee stings have been on the rise since the accidental release of Africanized bees to Brazil in 1956 and their subsequent spread across the Americas. These bee hybrids are more aggressive and are prone to attack, presenting a significant healthcare burden to the countries they have colonized. To date, treatment of such stings typically focuses on controlling potential allergic reactions, as no specific antivenoms against bee venom currently exist. Researchers have investigated the possibility of developing bee antivenoms, but this has been complicated by the very low immunogenicity of the key bee toxins, which fail to induce a strong antibody response in the immunized animals. However, with current cutting-edge technologies, such as phage display, alongside the rise of monoclonal antibody therapeutics, the development of a recombinant bee antivenom is achievable, and promising results towards this goal have been reported in recent years. Here, current knowledge on the venom biology of Africanized bees and current treatment options against bee envenoming are reviewed. Additionally, recent developments within next-generation bee antivenoms are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela B. Pucca
- Medical School, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Felipe A. Cerni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Isadora S. Oliveira
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Timothy P. Jenkins
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lídia Argemí
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christoffer V. Sørensen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shirin Ahmadi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosafety, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - José E. Barbosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Andreas H. Laustsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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Pharmacological Characterization of Mouse Hind Paw Edema Induced by Parachartergus fraternus Venom. Inflammation 2019; 42:2011-2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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38
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Nair R, Riddle EA, Thrall MA. Hemolytic anemia, spherocytosis, and thrombocytopenia associated with honey bee envenomation in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2019; 48:620-623. [PMID: 31228292 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This case report describes a massive honey bee envenomation in a 14-month-old male Belgian Malinois dog from St. Kitts, West Indies. Acute and delayed onsets of hemolytic anemia, echinocytosis, spherocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemoglobinemia, and hemoglobinuria developed following envenomation. The dog recovered after treatment with glucocorticoids and supportive therapy. Spherocytosis, hemolysis, and thrombocytopenia in patients with massive bee envenomation are likely due to the direct toxic effects of the primary components of bee venom, melittin and phospholipase A2 (PLA2 ). Mellitin causes hemolysis by forming large pores in erythrocytes resulting in leakage of hemoglobin and also causes spectrin stiffening and resultant echinocyte and spherocyte formation. Melittin also stimulates PLA2 , a hydrolase that causes echinocytosis and spherocytosis, in vivo and in vitro, and mitochondrial breakdown in platelets. However, delayed manifestations could be attributed to immune-mediated mechanisms from the generation of antibodies against damaged erythrocytes and platelet membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Nair
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Emily A Riddle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Mary Anna Thrall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
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39
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Melittin Inducing the Apoptosis of Renal Tubule Epithelial Cells through Upregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 Expression and Activation of TNF- α Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9450368. [PMID: 31772938 PMCID: PMC6854966 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9450368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by bee stings is common, with characteristics of acute onset, severe illness, and high mortality. Melittin, a major component of bee venom, has been considered to play a key role in bee sting related AKI. This study aims to illustrate whether melittin could lead to apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) and to investigate its mechanism. Methods In vivo, 45 mice were randomly divided into the melittin group (n=30, injected with melittin into the tail vein according to the total dose of 4.0 ug/g weight) and the control group (n=15, injected with the same volume of saline into the tail vein). In vitro, human RTECs (HK-2) were cultured and treated with melittin (2ug/ml or 4ug/ml) and TNF-α (10ng/ml). Biochemical analysis, HE stains, and electron microscope were performed to evaluate renal function and pathological changes. TUNEL stains and flow cytometry were performed to detect apoptosis. Real-time PCR was performed to detect mRNA levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and TNF-α. Simple western assay and immunohistochemical (IH) and immunofluorescent (IF) stains were performed for protein detection. Results Melittin successfully induced AKI in mice. Compared with the control group, obvious injury and apoptosis of RTECs were observed in the melittin group; the mRNA and protein expressions of Bax were significantly increased, while the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased. The serum TNF-αlevel in melittin group was significantly higher than that in control group. In vitro, the results confirmed that melittin can cause HK-2 cells apoptosis. The trends of expression of Bax and Bcl-2 were consistent with the results in vivo. The levels of TNF-α mRNA and protein by PCR and Western blot were significantly higher in melittin group than those in control group. Conclusion Melittin can lead to the apoptosis of RTECs, which may be mediated by upregulating the expression of Bax/Bcl-2 and activating the TNF-α signaling pathway.
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40
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Pali‐Schöll I, Blank S, Verhoeckx K, Mueller RS, Janda J, Marti E, Seida AA, Rhyner C, DeBoer DJ, Jensen‐Jarolim E. EAACI position paper: Comparing insect hypersensitivity induced by bite, sting, inhalation or ingestion in human beings and animals. Allergy 2019; 74:874-887. [PMID: 30644576 DOI: 10.1111/all.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adverse reactions to insects occur in both human and veterinary patients. Systematic comparison may lead to improved recommendations for prevention and treatment in all species. In this position paper, we summarize the current knowledge on insect allergy induced via stings, bites, inhalation or ingestion, and compare reactions in companion animals to those in people. With few exceptions, the situation in human insect allergy is better documented than in animals. We focus on a review of recent literature and give overviews of the epidemiology and clinical signs. We discuss allergen sources and allergenic molecules to the extent described, and aspects of diagnosis, prophylaxis, management and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Pali‐Schöll
- Comparative Medicine The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Simon Blank
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich Munich Germany
| | - Kitty Verhoeckx
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
- TNO Zeist The Netherlands
| | - Ralf S. Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Munich Germany
| | - Jozef Janda
- Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Eliane Marti
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health Vetsuisse Faculty University of Berne Berne Switzerland
| | - Ahmed A. Seida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Claudio Rhyner
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) Davos Switzerland
| | - Douglas J. DeBoer
- School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin
| | - Erika Jensen‐Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
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41
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A Fatal Case of Acute Renal Failure From Envenoming Syndrome After Massive Bee Attack: A Case Report and Literature Review. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2019; 40:52-57. [PMID: 30531211 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Envenoming syndrome is a systemic toxic reaction to the inoculation of large volume of insect venom, typically after a swarm attack from bees. Africanized honey bees are notorious for their aggressive nature, and human deaths resulting from Africanized honey bee attacks are consistently reported. Whereas anaphylaxis is the most common lethal mechanism of injury, delayed deaths can also occur as a consequence of severe venom toxicity with resultant end organ damage. Acute renal failure complicating massive envenomation is a rare but potentially fatal outcome after Africanized honey bee attack and may be heralded by laboratory evidence of rhabdomyolysis.
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42
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Abstract
Bee venom is a blend of biochemicals ranging from small peptides and enzymes to biogenic amines. It is capable of triggering severe immunologic reactions owing to its allergenic fraction. Venom components are presented to the T cells by antigen-presenting cells within the skin. These Th2 type T cells then release IL-4 and IL-13 which subsequently direct B cells to class switch to production of IgE. Generating venom-specific IgE and crosslinking FcεR1(s) on the surface of mast cells complete the sensitizing stage in allergic individuals who are most likely to experience severe and even fatal allergic reactions after being stung. Specific IgE for bee venom is a double-edged sword as it is a powerful mediator in triggering allergic events but is also applied successfully in diagnosis of the venom allergic patient. The healing capacity of bee venom has been rediscovered under laboratory-controlled conditions using animal models and cell cultures. The potential role of enzymatic fraction of bee venom including phospholipase A2 in the initiation and development of immune responses also has been studied in numerous research settings. Undoubtedly, having insights into immunologic interactions between bee venom components and innate/specific immune cells both locally and systematically will contribute to the development of immunologic strategies in specific and epitope-based immunotherapy especially in individuals with Hymenoptera venom allergy.
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43
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Zamith-Miranda D, Fox EGP, Monteiro AP, Gama D, Poublan LE, de Araujo AF, Araujo MFC, Atella GC, Machado EA, Diaz BL. The allergic response mediated by fire ant venom proteins. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14427. [PMID: 30258210 PMCID: PMC6158280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fire ants are widely studied, invasive and venomous arthropod pests. There is significant biomedical interest in immunotherapy against fire ant stings. However, mainly due to practical reasons, the physiological effects of envenomation has remained poorly characterized. The present study takes advantage of a recently-described venom protein extract to delineate the immunological pathways underlying the allergic reaction to fire ant venom toxins. Mice were injected with controlled doses of venom protein extract. Following sensitization and a second exposure, a marked footpad swelling was observed. Based on eosinophil recruitment and production of Th2 cytokines, we hereby establish that fire ant proteins per se can lead to an allergic response, which casts a new light into the mechanism of action of these toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zamith-Miranda
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo G P Fox
- Fire Ant Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ana Paula Monteiro
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diogo Gama
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos e Parasito (Labip), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz E Poublan
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Almair Ferreira de Araujo
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria F C Araujo
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Georgia C Atella
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ednildo A Machado
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos e Parasito (Labip), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno L Diaz
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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44
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dos Santos-Pinto JRA, Perez-Riverol A, Lasa AM, Palma MS. Diversity of peptidic and proteinaceous toxins from social Hymenoptera venoms. Toxicon 2018; 148:172-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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45
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Sadler EA, Pitts JP, Wilson JS. Stinging wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata), which species have the longest sting? PeerJ 2018; 6:e4743. [PMID: 29736350 PMCID: PMC5936069 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The stings of bees, wasps, and ants are something that catches the attention of anyone that experiences them. While many recent studies have focused on the pain inflicted by the stings of various stinging wasps, bees, or ants (Hymenoptera: Aculeata), little is known about how the length of the sting itself varies between species. Here, we investigate the sting length of a variety of aculeate wasps, and compare that to reported pain and toxicity values. We find that velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) have the longest sting compared to their body size out of any bee, wasp, or ant species. We also find that there is no link between relative sting length and pain; however, we did find an inverse relationship between relative sting length and toxicity with taxa having shorter relative stings being more toxic. While we found a significant relationship between host use and relative sting length, we suggest that the long sting length of the velvet ants is also related to their suite of defenses to avoid predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Sadler
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - James P Pitts
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Joseph S Wilson
- Department of Biology, Utah State University-Tooele, Tooele, UT, USA
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46
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Costa AG, Chaves BA, Murta FLG, Sachett JAG, Sampaio VS, Silva VC, Monteiro WM. Hymenoptera stings in Brazil: a neglected health threat in Amazonas State. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2018. [PMID: 29513849 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0109-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hymenoptera injuries are commonly caused by stinging insects. In Amazonas state, Brazil, there is no information regarding distribution, profile, and systemic manifestations associated with Hymenoptera injuries. METHODS This study aimed to identify risk factors for systemic manifestation using the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (2007 to 2015). RESULTS Half of Hymenoptera injuries were caused by bee stings. Hymenoptera injuries were concentrated in Manaus, and 13.36% of cases displayed systemic signs. Delayed medical assistance (4 to 12 hours) presented four times more risk for systemic manifestations. CONCLUSIONS Simple clinical observations and history of injury are critical information for prognostic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Guimarães Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Bárbara Aparecida Chaves
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Felipe Leão Gomes Murta
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Jacqueline Almeida Gonçalves Sachett
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Vanderson Souza Sampaio
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Costa Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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47
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Ezhilnilavan S, Priyamvada PS, Srinivas BH, Satish H, Parameswaran S. Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis following hymenopteran stings. Postgrad Med J 2018; 94:418-420. [PMID: 29626057 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-135608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Ezhilnilavan
- Department of Nephrology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - P S Priyamvada
- Department of Nephrology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - B H Srinivas
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - H Satish
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - S Parameswaran
- Department of Nephrology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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48
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Vikrant S, Parashar A. Two Cases of Acute Kidney Injury Due to Multiple Wasp Stings. Wilderness Environ Med 2017; 28:249-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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49
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Lopes KS, Campos GAA, Camargo LC, de Souza ACB, Ibituruna BV, Magalhães ACM, da Rocha LF, Garcia AB, Rodrigues MC, Ribeiro DM, Costa MC, López MHM, Nolli LM, Zamudio-Zuniga F, Possani LD, Schwartz EF, Mortari MR. Characterization of two peptides isolated from the venom of social wasp Chartergellus communis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): Influence of multiple alanine residues and C-terminal amidation on biological effects. Peptides 2017; 95:84-93. [PMID: 28754346 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chatergellus communis is a wasp species endemic to the neotropical region and its venom constituents have never been described. In this study, two peptides from C. communis venom, denominated Communis and Communis-AAAA, were chemically and biologically characterized. In respect to the chemical characterization, the following amino acid sequences and molecular masses were identified: Communis: Ile-Asn-Trp-Lys-Ala-Ile-Leu-Gly-Lys-Ile-Gly-Lys-COOH (1340.9Da) Communis-AAAA: Ile-Asn-Trp-Lys-Ala-Ile-Leu-Gly-Lys-Ile-Gly-Lys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Val-Xle-NH2 (1836.3Da). Furthermore, their biological effects were compared, accounting for the differences in structural characteristics between the two peptides. To this end, three biological assays were performed in order to evaluate the hyperalgesic, edematogenic and hemolytic effects of these molecules. Communis-AAAA, unlike Communis, showed a potent hemolytic activity with EC50=142.6μM. Moreover, the highest dose of Communis-AAAA (2nmol/animal) induced hyperalgesia in mice. On the other hand, Communis (10nmol/animal) was able to induce edema but did not present hemolytic or hyperalgesic activity. Although both peptides have similarities in linear structures, we demonstrated the distinct biological effects of Communis and Communis-AAAA. This is the first study with Chartegellus communis venom, and both Communis and Communis-AAAA are unpublished peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Soares Lopes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Avohay Alves Campos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Luana Cristina Camargo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lucas Ferreira da Rocha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Alessa Bembom Garcia
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mosar Correa Rodrigues
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Dagon Manoel Ribeiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Michelle Cruz Costa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Manuel Humberto Mera López
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Luciana Marangni Nolli
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Fernando Zamudio-Zuniga
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Bioprocesses, Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Lourival Domingos Possani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Bioprocesses, Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Elisabeth Ferroni Schwartz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Márcia Renata Mortari
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
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50
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Massive attack of honeybee on macaws ( Ara ararauna and Ara chloropterus ) in Brazil – A case report. Toxicon 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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