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Zhang M, Ma Y, Ye X, Zhang N, Pan L, Wang B. TRP (transient receptor potential) ion channel family: structures, biological functions and therapeutic interventions for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:261. [PMID: 37402746 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are sensors for a variety of cellular and environmental signals. Mammals express a total of 28 different TRP channel proteins, which can be divided into seven subfamilies based on amino acid sequence homology: TRPA (Ankyrin), TRPC (Canonical), TRPM (Melastatin), TRPML (Mucolipin), TRPN (NO-mechano-potential, NOMP), TRPP (Polycystin), TRPV (Vanilloid). They are a class of ion channels found in numerous tissues and cell types and are permeable to a wide range of cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and others. TRP channels are responsible for various sensory responses including heat, cold, pain, stress, vision and taste and can be activated by a number of stimuli. Their predominantly location on the cell surface, their interaction with numerous physiological signaling pathways, and the unique crystal structure of TRP channels make TRPs attractive drug targets and implicate them in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Here, we review the history of TRP channel discovery, summarize the structures and functions of the TRP ion channel family, and highlight the current understanding of the role of TRP channels in the pathogenesis of human disease. Most importantly, we describe TRP channel-related drug discovery, therapeutic interventions for diseases and the limitations of targeting TRP channels in potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health; Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yueming Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xianglu Ye
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Lei Pan
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health; Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Li H, Liu T, Sun J, Zhao S, Wang X, Luo W, Luo R, Shen W, Luo C, Fu D. Up-Regulation of ProBDNF/p75 NTR Signaling in Spinal Cord Drives Inflammatory Pain in Male Rats. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:95-107. [PMID: 36643954 PMCID: PMC9838215 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s387127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The spinal cord expresses brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor (proBDNF) and its receptor pan neurotrophin receptor 75 (p75NTR). However, the role of spinal proBDNF signaling in the pathogenesis of inflammatory pain remains unknown. Methods Rats were locally injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) to induce inflammatory pain. The proBDNF signal expression was detected by double-labeled immunofluorescence. ProBDNF protein, p75NTR extracellular domain (p75NTR-ECD), or monoclonal anti-proBDNF (McAb-proB) were administrated by intrathecal injection to investigate their effects on pain behavior. Paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWL) and paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWT) were performed to evaluate pain behavior. Immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were used to assess inflammation-induced biochemical changes. Results CFA induced a rapid increase in proBDNF in the ipsilateral spinal cord, and immunofluorescence revealed that CFA-enhanced proBDNF was expressed in NeuN positive neurons and GFAP positive astrocytes. The administration of furin cleavage-resistant proBDNF via intrathecal injection (I.t.) significantly decreased the PWT and PWL, whereas McAb-proB by I.t. alleviated CFA-induced pain-like hypersensitivity in rats. Meanwhile, CFA administration triggered the activation of p75NTR and its downstream signaling extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB p65 in the spinal cord. I.t. administration of p75NTR-ECD suppressed CFA-induced pain and neuroinflammation, including the expression of p-ERK1/2, p-p65, and the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Conclusion Our study reveals that the activated proBDNF/p75NTRsignaling in the spinal cord contributes to the development of CFA-induced inflammatory pain. McAb-proB and p75NTR-ECD appear to be promising therapeutic agents for inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China,Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China,Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China,Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China,Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China,Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China,Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruyi Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China,Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiyun Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China,Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China,Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Di Fu, Department of Anesthesiology, the XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road No. 86, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 85295987, Email
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Dietary Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Induces Satiation by Enhancing the Postprandial Activation of Vagal Afferent Nerves. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122492. [PMID: 35745222 PMCID: PMC9227210 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is present in the mammalian brain as the main inhibitory neurotransmitter and in foods. It is widely used as a supplement that regulates brain function through stress-reducing and sleep-enhancing effects. However, its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, as it is reportedly unable to cross the blood–brain barrier. Here, we explored whether a single peroral administration of GABA affects feeding behavior as an evaluation of brain function and the involvement of vagal afferent nerves. Peroral GABA at 20 and 200 mg/kg immediately before refeeding suppressed short-term food intake without aversive behaviors in mice. However, GABA administration 30 min before refeeding demonstrated no effects. A rise in circulating GABA concentrations by the peroral administration of 200 mg/kg GABA was similar to that by the intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg GABA, which did not alter feeding. The feeding suppression by peroral GABA was blunted by the denervation of vagal afferents. Unexpectedly, peroral GABA alone did not alter vagal afferent activities histologically. The coadministration of a liquid diet and GABA potentiated the postprandial activation of vagal afferents, thereby enhancing postprandial satiation. In conclusion, dietary GABA activates vagal afferents in collaboration with meals or meal-evoked factors and regulates brain function including feeding behavior.
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Duan S, Imamura N, Kondo T, Kanda H, Kogure Y, Okugawa T, Fukushima M, Tomita T, Oshima T, Fukui H, Noguchi K, Dai Y, Miwa H. Yokukansan Suppresses Gastric Hypersensitivity and Eosinophil-associated Microinflammation in Rats With Functional Dyspepsia. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 28:255-264. [PMID: 35362452 PMCID: PMC8978130 DOI: 10.5056/jnm21204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Herbal medicine is an important complementary therapy for functional dyspepsia (FD). However, its effect against gastric hypersensitivity in patients with FD has rarely been evaluated. Yokukansan (YKS), a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, is effective against neuropathic and inflammatory pain. This study aims to use a maternal separation (MS) stress-induced FD model to investigate the effects of YKS against gastric hypersensitivity, gastric motility, and duodenal micro-inflammation. Methods The MS stress model was established by separating newborn Sprague-Dawley rats from their mothers for 2 hours a day from postnatal days 1 to 10. At the age of 7-8 weeks, the rats were treated with YKS at a dose of 5 mL/kg (1 g/kg) for 7 consecutive days. After YKS treatment, electromyographic activity in the acromiotrapezius muscle by gastric distention and the gastric-emptying rate were assessed. Immunohistochemical analysis of eosinophils in the duodenum and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) 1/2 in the spinal cord was performed. Results YKS treatment suppressed MS stress-induced gastric hypersensitivity and decreased the elevated levels of p-ERK1/2 in the spinal cord. In the gastroduodenal tract, YKS inhibited eosinophil-associated micro-inflammation but did not improve gastric dysmotility. Conclusions YKS treatment improved gastric hypersensitivity by alleviating eosinophil-associated micro-inflammation in the gastroduodenal tract. This treatment may be considered an effective therapeutic option for epigastric pain and micro-inflammation in patients with FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqi Duan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Nobuko Imamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hirosato Kanda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yoko Kogure
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takuya Okugawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukushima
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Tomita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Oshima
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Fukui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Koichi Noguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hiroto Miwa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
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Cordner ZA, Li Q, Liu L, Tamashiro KL, Bhargava A, Moran TH, Pasricha PJ. Vagal gut-brain signaling mediates amygdaloid plasticity, affect, and pain in a functional dyspepsia model. JCI Insight 2021; 6:144046. [PMID: 33591956 PMCID: PMC8026195 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.144046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is associated with chronic gastrointestinal distress and with anxiety and depression. Here, we hypothesized that aberrant gastric signals, transmitted by the vagus nerve, may alter key brain regions modulating affective and pain behavior. Using a previously validated rat model of FD characterized by gastric hypersensitivity, depression-like behavior, and anxiety-like behavior, we found that vagal activity - in response to gastric distention - was increased in FD rats. The FD phenotype was associated with gastric mast cell hyperplasia and increased expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor (Crh) and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes in the central amygdala. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy reversed these changes and restored affective behavior to that of controls. Vagotomy partially attenuated pain responses to gastric distention, which may be mediated by central reflexes in the periaqueductal gray, as determined by local injection of lidocaine. Ketotifen, a mast cell stabilizer, reduced vagal hypersensitivity, normalized affective behavior, and attenuated gastric hyperalgesia. In conclusion, vagal activity, partially driven by gastric mast cells, induces long-lasting changes in Crh signaling in the amygdala that may be responsible for enhanced pain and enhanced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Together, these results support a "bottom-up" pathway involving the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of both gastric pain and psychiatric comorbidity in FD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qian Li
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Liansheng Liu
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Aditi Bhargava
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and The Center for Reproductive Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Pankaj Jay Pasricha
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Meleine M, Mounien L, Atmani K, Ouelaa W, Bôle-Feysot C, Guérin C, Depoortere I, Gourcerol G. Ghrelin inhibits autonomic response to gastric distension in rats by acting on vagal pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9986. [PMID: 32561800 PMCID: PMC7305309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is the only orexigenic peptide currently known and a potent prokinetic by promoting gastric motility but novel insights suggest that its role extends beyond satiety regulation. Whereas ghrelin was shown to provide somatic and colonic antinociception, its impact on gastric sensitivity is unknown even though stomach is a major ghrelin secreting tissue. Autonomic response to gastric mechanosensitivity was estimated by measuring blood pressure variation as a surrogate marker in response to gastric distension (GD) before and after ghrelin (or vehicle) administration. Involvement of spinal and vagal pathways in the ghrelin effect was studied by performing celiac ganglionectomy and subdiaphragmatic vagotomy respectively and by evaluating the expression of phosphorylated extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in dorsal root and nodose ganglia. Finally the phenotype of Ghrelin receptor expressing neurons within the nodose ganglia was determined by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence. Ghrelin reduced blood pressure variation in response to GD except in vagotomized rats. Phosphorylated-ERK1/2 levels indicated that ghrelin reduced neuronal activation induced by GD in nodose ganglion. The effect of ghrelin on gastric mechanosensitivity was abolished by pre-treatment with antagonist [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 (0.3 mg/kg i.v.). Immunofluorescence staining highlights the colocalization of Ghrelin receptor with ASIC3 and TRPV1 within gastric neurons of nodose ganglion. Ghrelin administration reduced autonomic response to gastric distension. This effect likely involved the Ghrelin receptor and vagal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Meleine
- Nutrition, Gut & Brain Unit (INSERM U1073), Institute for Biomedical Research and innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France. .,Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1107, NeuroDol, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Lourdes Mounien
- Center for Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research, (UMR 1260 INRA/1263 INSERM), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Karim Atmani
- Nutrition, Gut & Brain Unit (INSERM U1073), Institute for Biomedical Research and innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Wassila Ouelaa
- Nutrition, Gut & Brain Unit (INSERM U1073), Institute for Biomedical Research and innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Christine Bôle-Feysot
- Nutrition, Gut & Brain Unit (INSERM U1073), Institute for Biomedical Research and innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Charlène Guérin
- Nutrition, Gut & Brain Unit (INSERM U1073), Institute for Biomedical Research and innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Inge Depoortere
- Gut Peptide Research Lab, Translational Research Center for GastroIntestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Gourcerol
- Nutrition, Gut & Brain Unit (INSERM U1073), Institute for Biomedical Research and innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France.,Department of Physiology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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Sun L, Zhou J, Sun C. MicroRNA-211-5p Enhances Analgesic Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Inflammatory Visceral Pain in Rats by Suppressing ERK Signaling. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 68:19-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Liu Y, Liu W, Wang X, Wan Z, Liu Y, Leng Y. Dexmedetomidine Relieves Acute Inflammatory Visceral Pain in Rats through the ERK Pathway, Toll-Like Receptor Signaling, and TRPV1 Channel. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:279-290. [PMID: 30259406 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a highly selective α2 adrenergic receptor agonist. In this study, we aimed to characterize the antinociceptive effects of DEX in acute inflammatory visceral pain (AIVP) induced by acetic acid in rats and to evaluate whether antinociception was regulated by the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway, Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, and transient receptor potential (TRP) channel. Acetic acid was administered to 30 male rats with or without DEX. Rats were divided into six groups, as follows: control, disease (received no treatment before acetic acid administration), vehicle-treated, low-dose DEX (lDEX), medium-dose DEX (mDEX), and high-dose DEX (hDEX)-treated groups. Thermal withdrawal latency (TWL), mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT), and abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) were measured to assess pain. We detected electromyographic (EGM) responses in the rectus abdominis muscle and measured the average arterial blood pressure. Levels of interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-2, and IL-6 in the serum, as well as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the peritoneal fluid, were measured by ELISA. The expression levels of phospho(p)CREB, pERK1/2, pMEK1, and TRP cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), as well as the activation state of TLR4, were determined in the spinal cord of rats by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. TWL and MWT scores were elevated (P < 0.05) in the hDEX and mDEX groups, whereas AWR scores decreased (P < 0.01), compared to those in the disease group. The medium and high doses of DEX suppressed IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 release, and increased IL-2 release. In addition, protein and mRNA levels of MEK, ERK, and CREB were reduced in the mDEX and hDEX groups. Moreover, TLR4 and its downstream target, nuclear factor kappa B, along with calcitonin gene-related peptide release through the TRPV1 channel, were suppressed by mDEX and hDEX treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that DEX might exert an antinociceptive effect in AIVP in rats through the MEK/ERK pathway, TLR signaling, and TRPV1 channel, resulting in suppression of visceral hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatao Liu
- Department of anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1 Donggang Xi Road , Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1 Donggang Xi Road , Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Zhanhai Wan
- Department of anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1 Donggang Xi Road , Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- Department of anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1 Donggang Xi Road , Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yufang Leng
- Department of anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1 Donggang Xi Road , Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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Zhao YJ, Li JH, Hu B, Wang Y, Chang XF, Traub RJ, Cao DY. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation in the spinal cord contributes to visceral hypersensitivity induced by craniofacial injury followed by stress. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30. [PMID: 28730748 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously developed an animal model to examine mechanisms that underlie the emergence of visceral hypersensitivity modeling pain characteristics of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients with comorbid irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In ovariectomized (OVx) rats with estradiol (E2) replacement, visceral hypersensitivity developed subsequent to masseter muscle inflammation followed by repeated forced swim (FS) stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the spinal cord contributes to visceral hypersensitivity in this overlapping pain model. METHODS In OVx with E2 replacement rats masseter muscle inflammation was followed by 3 day FS (comorbid condition). Depression-like behaviors were assessed by sucrose preference and in the elevated plus maze, and visceral sensitivity was measured by the visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distention. The protein level of ERK1/2 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in the L6-S2 dorsal spinal cord was analyzed by western blot. KEY RESULTS FS stress decreased sucrose consumption in E2 replaced rats in sucrose preference test. The expression of p-ERK1/2 in the L6-S2 dorsal spinal cord increased significantly in E2 with comorbid rats. Intrathecal injection of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD98059 blocked the visceral hypersensitivity induced by masseter muscle inflammation combined with FS stress. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES These data indicate that ERK1/2 activation contributes to the visceral hypersensitivity evoked by craniofacial inflammation pain combined with stress. The results may provide a new therapeutic avenue for alleviating overlapping pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-J Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - J-H Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - B Hu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - X-F Chang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - R J Traub
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, UM Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D-Y Cao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Trancikova A, Kovacova E, Ru F, Varga K, Brozmanova M, Tatar M, Kollarik M. Distinct Expression of Phenotypic Markers in Placodes- and Neural Crest-Derived Afferent Neurons Innervating the Rat Stomach. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:383-394. [PMID: 29275446 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4883-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral pain is initiated by activation of primary afferent neurons among which the capsaicin-sensitive (TRPV1-positive) neurons play an important role. The stomach is a common source of visceral pain. Similar to other organs, the stomach receives dual spinal and vagal afferent innervation. Developmentally, spinal dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and vagal jugular neurons originate from embryonic neural crest and vagal nodose neurons originate from placodes. In thoracic organs the neural crest- and placodes-derived TRPV1-positive neurons have distinct phenotypes differing in activation profile, neurotrophic regulation and reflex responses. It is unknown to whether such distinction exists in the stomach. AIMS We hypothesized that gastric neural crest- and placodes-derived TRPV1-positive neurons express phenotypic markers indicative of placodes and neural crest phenotypes. METHODS Gastric DRG and vagal neurons were retrogradely traced by DiI injected into the rat stomach wall. Single-cell RT-PCR was performed on traced gastric neurons. RESULTS Retrograde tracing demonstrated that vagal gastric neurons locate exclusively into the nodose portion of the rat jugular/petrosal/nodose complex. Gastric DRG TRPV1-positive neurons preferentially expressed markers PPT-A, TrkA and GFRα3 typical for neural crest-derived TRPV1-positive visceral neurons. In contrast, gastric nodose TRPV1-positive neurons preferentially expressed markers P2X2 and TrkB typical for placodes-derived TRPV1-positive visceral neurons. Differential expression of neural crest and placodes markers was less pronounced in TRPV1-negative DRG and nodose populations. CONCLUSIONS There are phenotypic distinctions between the neural crest-derived DRG and placodes-derived vagal nodose TRPV1-positive neurons innervating the rat stomach that are similar to those described in thoracic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Trancikova
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU, Malá Hora 4C, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Department of Pathophysiology JFM CU, Malá Hora 4C, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Eva Kovacova
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU, Malá Hora 4C, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Department of Pathophysiology JFM CU, Malá Hora 4C, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Fei Ru
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma Center, RM 1A.2, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Kristian Varga
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU, Malá Hora 4C, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Department of Pathophysiology JFM CU, Malá Hora 4C, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Mariana Brozmanova
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU, Malá Hora 4C, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Department of Pathophysiology JFM CU, Malá Hora 4C, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Milos Tatar
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU, Malá Hora 4C, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Department of Pathophysiology JFM CU, Malá Hora 4C, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marian Kollarik
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma Center, RM 1A.2, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Zhang YB, Guo ZD, Li MY, Fong P, Zhang JG, Zhang CW, Gong KR, Yang MF, Niu JZ, Ji XM, Lv GW. Gabapentin Effects on PKC-ERK1/2 Signaling in the Spinal Cord of Rats with Formalin-Induced Visceral Inflammatory Pain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141142. [PMID: 26512901 PMCID: PMC4626203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the clinical management of visceral pain remains unsatisfactory for many patients suffering from this disease. While preliminary animal studies have suggested the effectiveness of gabapentin in successfully treating visceral pain, the mechanism underlying its analgesic effect remains unclear. Evidence from other studies has demonstrated the involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) in the pathogenesis of visceral inflammatory pain. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that gabapentin produces analgesia for visceral inflammatory pain through its inhibitory effect on the PKC-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Intracolonic injections of formalin were performed in rats to produce colitis pain. Our results showed that visceral pain behaviors in these rats decreased after intraperitoneal injection of gabapentin. These behaviors were also reduced by intrathecal injections of the PKC inhibitor, H-7, and the ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059. Neuronal firing of wide dynamic range neurons in L6–S1 of the rat spinal cord dorsal horn were significantly increased after intracolonic injection of formalin. This increased firing rate was inhibited by intraperitoneal injection of gabapentin and both the individual and combined intrathecal application of H-7 and PD98059. Western blot analysis also revealed that PKC membrane translocation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation increased significantly following formalin injection, confirming the recruitment of PKC and ERK1/2 during visceral inflammatory pain. These effects were also significantly reduced by intraperitoneal injection of gabapentin. Therefore, we concluded that the analgesic effect of gabapentin on visceral inflammatory pain is mediated through suppression of PKC and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Furthermore, we found that the PKC inhibitor, H-7, significantly diminished ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels, implicating the involvement of PKC and ERK1/2 in the same signaling pathway. Thus, our results suggest a novel mechanism of gabapentin-mediated analgesia for visceral inflammatory pain through a PKC-ERK1/2 signaling pathway that may be a future therapeutic target for the treatment of visceral inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-bo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zheng-dong Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Mei-yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Taishan Chronic Disease Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Peter Fong
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Ji-guo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Can-wen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Ke-rui Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Ming-feng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Jing-zhong Niu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Xun-ming Ji
- Hypoxia Medical Institute, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-wei Lv
- Hypoxia Medical Institute, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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12
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Yu X, Yu M, Liu Y, Yu S. TRP channel functions in the gastrointestinal tract. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 38:385-96. [PMID: 26459157 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are predominantly distributed in both somatic and visceral sensory nervous systems and play a crucial role in sensory transduction. As the largest visceral organ system, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract frequently accommodates external inputs, which stimulate sensory nerves to initiate and coordinate sensory and motor functions in order to digest and absorb nutrients. Meanwhile, the sensory nerves in the GI tract are also able to detect potential tissue damage by responding to noxious irritants. This nocifensive function is mediated through specific ion channels and receptors expressed in a subpopulation of spinal and vagal afferent nerve called nociceptor. In the last 18 years, our understanding of TRP channel expression and function in GI sensory nervous system has been continuously improved. In this review, we focus on the expressions and functions of TRPV1, TRPA1, and TRPM8 in primary extrinsic afferent nerves innervated in the esophagus, stomach, intestine, and colon and briefly discuss their potential roles in relevant GI disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Research Building, Room 945, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mingran Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Research Building, Room 945, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yingzhe Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Research Building, Room 945, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shaoyong Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Research Building, Room 945, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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13
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Krhut J, Tintera J, Bilkova K, Holy P, Zachoval R, Zvara P, Blok B. Brain activity on fMRI associated with urinary bladder filling in patients with a complete spinal cord injury. Neurourol Urodyn 2015; 36:155-159. [PMID: 26445209 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with complete spinal cord injury (SCI) may maintain some perception of bladder fullness. The aim of the study was to evaluate brain activation arising from anticipated extraspinal sensory pathways. METHODS Fourteen patients ages 24-54 years were enrolled, all having experienced a complete SCI (ASIA A) at C7 to T5 an average of 17 months before study entry. Urodynamic equipment was used for repeated bladder filling and detrusor activity evaluation. All functional magnetic resonance imaging measurements were performed using a Siemens Trio 3T scanner with the GRE-EPI sequence (field of view = 192 × 192 mm, voxel 3 × 3 × 3 mm, TR/TE = 3000/30 ms, 45 slices). Nine hundred dynamic scans were acquired over 45 min. Statistical analysis was done in SPM8 using a general linear model. Statistics using t-tests were thresholded at P = 0.001. RESULTS We excluded results from two patients because of activation artifacts. In 8 of 12 patients, significant brain activity was observed during urinary bladder filling. We found significant activation clusters at the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) (3/8), parabrachial nucleus (PBN) (4/8), hypothalamus (4/8), thalamus (6/8), amygdala (7/8), insular lobe (5/8), anterior cingulate gyrus (5/8), and prefrontal cortex (8/8). Activations in nuclei involved in afferents likely from the vagal nerve (NTS and PBN) correlated significantly with reported bladder sensations. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that extraspinal sensory pathways may develop following SCI and that vagal nerve may play a role in re-innervation of the urinary bladder. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:155-159, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Krhut
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgical Studies, Ostrava University, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Tintera
- Radiodiagnostis and Interventional Radiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Bilkova
- Spinal Cord Rehabilitation Unit, Rehabilitation Center, Kladruby, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Holy
- Department of Urology, Thomayer Hospital and 1st and 3rd Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Zachoval
- Department of Urology, Thomayer Hospital and 1st and 3rd Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Zvara
- Department of Surgical Studies, Ostrava University, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Division of Urology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - B Blok
- Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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14
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Kondo T, Oshima T, Koseki J, Hattori T, Kase Y, Tomita T, Fukui H, Watari J, Miwa H. Effect of rikkunshito on the expression of substance P and CGRP in dorsal root ganglion neurons and voluntary movement in rats with experimental reflux esophagitis. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 26:913-21. [PMID: 24712488 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there are reports that the herbal medicine rikkunshito (RKT) relieves upper gastrointestinal disease symptoms, the effect of RKT on primary afferent neurons is unknown. METHODS A model of reflux esophagitis (RE) was implemented using male Wistar rats aged 6-7 weeks. Ten days after surgery, the total area of esophageal mucosal erosion sites was determined. Th8-10 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were dissected out and the expression of substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) was determined in DRG using immunohistochemistry. RKT (0.6%/WV) or omeprazole (OME) (10 mg/kg) was administered for 10 days beginning on the day after surgery. Voluntary movement was measured with an infrared sensor for 22 h each day. KEY RESULTS RE rats showed esophageal mucosal erosion and significantly increased number of SP/CGRP- and p-ERK1/2-immunoreactive neurons in DRG. Treatment with OME improved the size of erosive lesions in the esophageal mucosa of RE rats, while RKT did not. Treatment with RKT or OME significantly reduced the expression of SP/CGRP and p-ERK1/2 in DRG, and significantly increased voluntary movement in RE rats. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES RKT inhibited the activation of ERK1/2 and decreased the expression of SP and CGRP in DRG of RE rats, which may be associated with the observed amelioration of voluntary movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kondo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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15
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Herrity AN, Rau KK, Petruska JC, Stirling DP, Hubscher CH. Identification of bladder and colon afferents in the nodose ganglia of male rats. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:3667-82. [PMID: 24845615 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The sensory neurons innervating the urinary bladder and distal colon project to similar regions of the central nervous system and often are affected simultaneously by various diseases and disorders, including spinal cord injury. Anatomical and physiological commonalities between the two organs involve the participation of shared spinally derived pathways, allowing mechanisms of communication between the bladder and colon. Prior electrophysiological data from our laboratory suggest that the bladder also may receive sensory innervation from a nonspinal source through the vagus nerve, which innervates the distal colon as well. The present study therefore aimed to determine whether anatomical evidence exists for vagal innervation of the male rat urinary bladder and to assess whether those vagal afferents also innervate the colon. Additionally, the relative contribution to bladder and colon sensory innervation of spinal and vagal sources was determined. By using lipophilic tracers, neurons that innervated the bladder and colon in both the nodose ganglia (NG) and L6/S1 and L1/L2 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were quantified. Some single vagal and spinal neurons provided dual innervation to both organs. The proportions of NG afferents labeled from the bladder did not differ from spinal afferents labeled from the bladder when considering the collective population of total neurons from either group. Our results demonstrate evidence for vagal innervation of the bladder and colon and suggest that dichotomizing vagal afferents may provide a neural mechanism for cross-talk between the organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- April N Herrity
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202; Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
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16
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Gregory NS, Sluka KA. Anatomical and physiological factors contributing to chronic muscle pain. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2014; 20:327-48. [PMID: 24633937 PMCID: PMC4294469 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2014_294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic muscle pain remains a significant source of suffering and disability despite the adoption of pharmacologic and physical therapies. Muscle pain is mediated by free nerve endings distributed through the muscle along arteries. These nerves project to the superficial dorsal horn and are transmitted primarily through the spinothalamic tract to several cortical and subcortical structures, some of which are more active during the processing of muscle pain than other painful conditions. Mechanical forces, ischemia, and inflammation are the primary stimuli for muscle pain, which is reflected in the array of peripheral receptors contributing to muscle pain-ASIC, P2X, and TRP channels. Sensitization of peripheral receptors and of central pain processing structures are both critical for the development and maintenance of chronic muscle pain. Further, variations in peripheral receptors and central structures contribute to the significantly greater prevalence of chronic muscle pain in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Gregory
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Iowa, 3144 Med Labs, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA,
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17
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Lee SP, Lee KN, Lee OY, Lee HL, Jun DW, Yoon BC, Choi HS, Hwang SJ, Lee SE. Effects of DA-9701, a novel prokinetic agent, on phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase expression in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord induced by colorectal distension in rats. Gut Liver 2013; 8:140-7. [PMID: 24672654 PMCID: PMC3964263 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2014.8.2.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS DA-9701, a standardized extract of Pharbitis Semen and Corydalis Tuber, is a new prokinetic agent that exhibits an analgesic effect on the abdomen. We investigated whether DA-9701 affects visceral pain induced by colorectal distension (CRD) in rats. METHODS A total of 21 rats were divided into three groups: group A (no CRD+no drug), group B (CRD+no drug), and group C (CRD+DA-9701). Expression of pain-related factors, substance P (SP), c-fos, and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord was determined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. RESULTS The proportions of neurons in the DRG and spinal cord expressing SP, c-fos, and p-ERK were higher in group B than in group A. In the group C, the proportion of neurons in the DRG and spinal cord expressing p-ERK was lower than that in group B. Western blot results for p-ERK in the spinal cord indicated a higher level of expression in group B than in group A and a lower level of expression in group C than in group B. CONCLUSIONS DA-9701 may decrease visceral pain via the downregulation of p-ERK in the DRG and spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Centre, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Nyeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Oh Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hang Lak Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Chul Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Soon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Jin Hwang
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Eun Lee
- Department of Physiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Xu D, Wu X, Grabauskas G, Owyang C. Butyrate-induced colonic hypersensitivity is mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in rat dorsal root ganglia. Gut 2013; 62:1466-74. [PMID: 22833396 PMCID: PMC3897301 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased faecal butyrate levels have been reported in irritable bowel syndrome. Rectal instillation of sodium butyrate (NaB) increases visceral sensitivity in rats by an unknown mechanism. We seek to examine the signal transduction pathways responsible for the enhanced neuronal excitability in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) following NaB enemas and demonstrate that this is responsible for the colonic hypersensitivity reported in this animal model. DESIGN Colorectal distention (CRD) studies were performed in rats treated with NaB rectal instillation with/without intrathecal or intravenous administration of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase inhibitor U0126. Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry studies elucidated intracellular signalling pathways that modulate IA. Patch-clamp recordings were performed on isolated DRG neurons treated with NaB, with/without U0126. RESULTS Visceromotor responses (VMR) were markedly enhanced in NaB-treated rats. Western blot analysis of DRG neurons from NaB-treated rats showed a 2.2-fold increase in phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pEKR1/2) and 1.9-fold increase in phosphorylated voltage-gated potassium channel subunit 4.2 (pKv4.2). Intrathecal or intravenous administration of U0126 reduced VMR to CRD in NaB-treated rats and prevented increases in pERK1/2 and pKv4.2. Patch-clamp recordings of isolated DRG neurons showed that NaB caused a reduction in IA to 48.9%±1.4% of control and an increase in neuronal excitability, accompanied by a twofold increase in pERK1/2 and pKv4.2. Concurrent U0126 administration prevented these changes. CONCLUSIONS Visceral hypersensitivity induced by colonic NaB treatment is mediated by activation of the MAP kinase-ERK1/2 pathway, which phosphorylates Kv4.2. This results in a reduction in IA and an enhancement of DRG neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabo Xu
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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19
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Dai F, Lei Y, Li S, Song G, Chen JDZ. Desvenlafaxine succinate ameliorates visceral hypersensitivity but delays solid gastric emptying in rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 305:G333-9. [PMID: 23764892 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00224.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Desvenlafaxine succinate (DVS) is a novel serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DVS on visceral hypersensitivity and solid gastric emptying in a rodent model of gastric hyperalgesia. Twenty-eight gastric hyperalgesia rats and 20 control rats were used. Visceral sensitivity during gastric distention (GD) was assessed by recording of electromyogram (EMG) at pressures of 20, 40, 60, and 80 mmHg. DVS with doses of 1, 10, and 30 mg/kg were administrated by gavage, 5-HT1A antagonist (WAY-100635, 0.3 mg/kg) was given subcutaneously, and 5-HT2A antagonist (ketanserin, 1 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally. The level of norepinephrine in plasma was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found that 1) visceral hypersensitivity induced by acetic acid was validated. 2) DVS dose-dependently reduced visceral hypersensitivity in the gastric hypersensitivity rats. The EMG (% of baseline value without GD) during GD at 60 and 80 mmHg with DVS at a dose of 30 mg/kg were 119.4 ± 2.3% (vs. saline 150.9 ± 2.7%, P < 0.001) and 128.2 ± 3.2% (vs. saline 171.1 ± 2.4%, P < 0.001). Similar findings were observed at a dose of 10 mg/kg. DVS at a dose of 1 mg/kg reduced visceral hypersensitivity only during GD at 60 mmHg. 3) Neither WAY-100635 nor ketanserin blocked the effect of DVS on visceral sensitivity. 4) DVS at 30 mg/kg significantly increased plasma NE level (P = 0.012 vs. saline). 5) DVS at 30 mg/kg significantly delayed solid gastric emptying (P < 0.05 vs. saline). We conclude that DVS reduces visceral sensitivity in a rodent model of visceral hypersensitivity and delays solid gastric emptying. Caution should be made when DVS is used for treating patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Dai
- Ningbo Pace Translational Medical Research Center, Beilun, Ningbo, China.
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Activation of p38 MAPK through transient receptor potential A1 in a rat model of gastric distension-induced visceral pain. Neuroreport 2013; 24:68-72. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e32835c7df2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Ouelaa W, Ghouzali I, Langlois L, Fetissov S, Déchelotte P, Ducrotté P, Leroi AM, Gourcerol G. Gastric electrical stimulation decreases gastric distension-induced central nociception response through direct action on primary afferents. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47849. [PMID: 23284611 PMCID: PMC3527470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is an effective therapy to treat patients with chronic dyspepsia refractory to medical management. However, its mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Methods Gastric pain was induced by performing gastric distension (GD) in anesthetized rats. Pain response was monitored by measuring the pseudo-affective reflex (e.g., blood pressure variation), while neuronal activation was determined using c-fos immunochemistry in the central nervous system. Involvement of primary afferents was assessed by measuring phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in dorsal root ganglia. Results GES decreased blood pressure variation induced by GD, and prevented GD-induced neuronal activation in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (T9–T10), the nucleus of the solitary tract and in CRF neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. This effect remained unaltered within the spinal cord when sectioning the medulla at the T5 level. Furthermore, GES prevented GD-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in dorsal root ganglia. Conclusions GES decreases GD-induced pain and/or discomfort likely through a direct modulation of gastric spinal afferents reducing central processing of visceral nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassila Ouelaa
- Nutrition, Gut & Brain Unit (ADEN – INSERM U1073), Institute for Biomedical Research and innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Ibtissem Ghouzali
- Nutrition, Gut & Brain Unit (ADEN – INSERM U1073), Institute for Biomedical Research and innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Ludovic Langlois
- Nutrition, Gut & Brain Unit (ADEN – INSERM U1073), Institute for Biomedical Research and innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Serguei Fetissov
- Nutrition, Gut & Brain Unit (ADEN – INSERM U1073), Institute for Biomedical Research and innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Nutrition, Gut & Brain Unit (ADEN – INSERM U1073), Institute for Biomedical Research and innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Ducrotté
- Nutrition, Gut & Brain Unit (ADEN – INSERM U1073), Institute for Biomedical Research and innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Anne Marie Leroi
- Nutrition, Gut & Brain Unit (ADEN – INSERM U1073), Institute for Biomedical Research and innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Department of Physiology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Guillaume Gourcerol
- Nutrition, Gut & Brain Unit (ADEN – INSERM U1073), Institute for Biomedical Research and innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Department of Physiology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, Rouen, France
- * E-mail:
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22
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Zhong XL, Wei R, Zhou P, Luo YW, Wang XQ, Duan J, Bi FF, Zhang JY, Li CQ, Dai RP, Li F. Activation of Anterior Cingulate Cortex Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase-1 and -2 (ERK1/2) Regulates Acetic Acid-Induced, Pain-Related Anxiety in Adult Female Mice. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2012; 45:219-25. [PMID: 23012487 PMCID: PMC3445761 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In visceral pain, anxiety and pain occur simultaneously, but the etiogenesis of this effect is not yet well-described. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is known to be associated with the affective response to noxious stimuli. The aim of the current study is to define the role of ACC extracellular signal-regulated (ERK)-1 and-2 (ERK1/2) activity in the development of pain-related anxiety/depression and the nocifensive response in acetic acid (AA)-elicited visceral pain. The model of visceral pain was created by intraperitoneal (ip) injection of AA to female Kunming mice. We found that AA injection resulted in a dynamic, bilateral ERK1/2 activation pattern in the ACC. Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation 2 hr after AA injection by subcutaneous (sc) injection of the mitogen-activating extracellular kinase (MEK) inhibitor, SL327, had no effect on the nocifensive responses, but did attenuate anxiety-like behavior, as determined by elevated plus-maze and open-field testing results. These data suggest that AA-induced visceral pain activates expression of ACC ERK1/2, which regulates visceral pain-related anxiety, but not the nocifensive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Zhong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University
| | - Rong Wei
- Clinic Medicine of 8-year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University
| | - Pei Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
| | - Yan-Wei Luo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University
| | - Xue-Qin Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University
| | - Juan Duan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University
| | - Fang-Fang Bi
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Jian-Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University
| | - Chang-Qi Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University
| | - Ru-Ping Dai
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University
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23
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Han SH, Hong SJ. [Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and the related esophageal motor activities]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = TAEHAN SOHWAGI HAKHOE CHI 2012; 59:205-10. [PMID: 22460568 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2012.59.3.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transient lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation (TLESR) is defined as LES relaxation without a swallow. TLESRs are observed in both of the normal individuals and the patients with gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD). However, TLESR is widely considered as the major mechanism of the GERD. The new equipments such as high resolution manometry and impedance pH study is helped to understand of TLESR and the related esophageal motor activities. The strong longitudinal muscle contraction was observed during development of TLESR. Most of TLESRs are terminated by TLESR related motor events such as primary peristalsis and secondary contractions. The majority of TLESRs are associated with gastroesophageal reflux. Upper esophageal sphincter (UES) contraction is mainly associated with liquid reflux during recumbent position and UES relaxation predominantly related with air reflux during upright position. The frequency of TLESR in GERD patients seems to be not different compared to normal individuals, but the refluxate of GERD patients tend to be more acidic during TLESR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyo Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, 1174 Jung-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 420-767, Korea
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24
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Oshima T, Okugawa T, Tomita T, Sakurai J, Toyoshima F, Watari J, Yamaguchi K, Fujimoto K, Adachi K, Kinoshita Y, Kusunoki H, Haruma K, Miwa H. Generation of dyspeptic symptoms by direct acid and water infusion into the stomachs of functional dyspepsia patients and healthy subjects. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:175-82. [PMID: 22085402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04918.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of the development of symptoms in functional dyspepsia (FD) patients have not been fully elucidated. We previously reported that acid directly infused into the stomach causes dyspeptic symptoms in asymptomatic healthy controls (HCs); however, the response to acid infusion of FD patients was not determined. AIM To investigate the severity of dyspeptic symptoms induced by direct acid infusion in FD subjects and HCs. METHODS This was a multi-centre, cross-over, randomised, double-blind study in 23 FD subjects and 32 HCs. FD was defined using the Rome III criteria. All subjects were Helicobacter pylori negative. Each subject received two tests; 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid and water infused into the stomach. The presence and severity of 12 dyspeptic symptoms were assessed using a visual analogue scale. RESULTS The proportion of subjects developing symptoms by acid or water infusion was significantly greater in FD subjects than HCs. All of the FD subjects experienced at least one symptom by water or acid infusion. In the FD subjects, the severity of symptoms was significantly greater with acid infusion than water infusion. The severity of symptoms in total and the scores for eight of the 12 symptoms induced by acid infusion was significantly greater in FD subjects than in HCs. CONCLUSIONS The severity of dyspeptic symptom generation induced by direct acid infusion into the stomach was significantly greater in functional dyspepsia subjects than in healthy controls, suggesting that hypersensitivity to acid is one of the important mechanisms of the development of symptoms in functional dyspepsia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Oshima
- Division of Upper Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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25
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Abstract
The lower esophageal sphincters (LES) together with the crural diaphragm are the major antireflux barriers protecting the esophagus from reflux of gastric content. However, reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus is a normal phenomenon in healthy individuals occurring primarily during episodes of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (TLESR), defined as LES relaxation in the absence of a swallow. Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation is also the dominant mechanism of pathologic reflux in gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD) patients. Frequency of TLESR does not differ significantly between healthy individuals and those with GERD, but TLESRs are more likely to be associated with acid reflux in GERD patients. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for elicitation of a TLESR, using recently introduced novel technology is an area of intense interest. Pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic manipulation of receptors involved in the control of TLESR has recently emerged as a potential target for GERD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hershcovici
- The Neuroenteric Clinical Research Group, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ 85723-0001 USA
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26
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Gao G, Ouyang A, Kaufman MP, Yu S. ERK1/2 signaling pathway in mast cell activation-induced sensitization of esophageal nodose C-fiber neurons. Dis Esophagus 2011; 24:194-203. [PMID: 21073620 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2010.01127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sensitization of esophageal nociceptive afferents by inflammatory mediators plays an important role in esophageal inflammatory nociception. Our previous studies demonstrated that esophageal mast cell activation increases the excitability of esophageal nodose C-fibers. But the intracellular mechanism of this sensitization process is still less clear. We hypothesize that extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway plays an important role in mast cell activation-induced sensitization of esophageal nodose C-fiber neurons. Mast cell activation and in vivo esophageal distension-induced phosphorylations of ERK1/2 were studied by immuno-staining and Western blot in esophageal nodose neurons. Extracellular recordings were performed from nodose neurons using ex vivo esophageal-vagal preparations with intact nerve endings in the esophagus. Nerve excitabilities were compared by action potentials evoked by esophageal distensions before and after mast cell activations with/without pretreatment of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/ERK kinase inhibitor U0126. The expressions of phospho-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in the same nodose ganglia were then studied by Western blot. Mast cell activation enhances in vivo esophageal distension-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in nodose neurons. This can be prevented by pretreatment with mast cell stabilizer cromolyn. In ex vivo esophageal-vagal preparations, both mast cell activation and proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2)-activating peptide perfusion increases esophageal distension-induced mechano-excitability of esophageal nodose C-fibers and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in nodose neurons. Pretreatment with MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor U0126 prevents these potentiation effects. Collectively, our data demonstrated that mast cell activation enhances esophageal distension-induced mechano-excitability and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in esophageal nodose C-fiber neurons. This reveals a new intracellular pathway of esophageal peripheral sensitization and inflammatory nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gao
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
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27
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Yang M, Roman K, Chen DF, Wang ZG, Lin Y, Stephens RL. GLT-1 overexpression attenuates bladder nociception and local/cross-organ sensitization of bladder nociception. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 300:F1353-9. [PMID: 21429971 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00009.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamatergic pathways mediate transmission of pain. Strategies to reduce glutamatergic neurotransmission may have beneficial effects to mitigate nociception. Recent work revealed that overexpression of the astrocytic glutamate transporter (GLT-1) by transgenic or pharmacologic approaches produced a diminished visceral nociceptive response to colonic distension. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of GLT-1 overexpression on the visceromotor response to bladder distension. Increased glutamate uptake activity produced by 1-wk ceftriaxone (CTX) treatment attenuated 60-64% the visceromotor response to graded bladder distension compared with vehicle-treated mice. One-hour pretreatment with selective GLT-1 antagonist dihydrokainate reversed the blunted visceromotor response to bladder distension produced by 1-wk CTX, suggesting that GLT-1 overexpression mediated the analgesic effect of CTX. Moreover, sensitization of the visceromotor response to bladder distension produced by local bladder irritation (acrolein) was also attenuated by 1-wk CTX treatment. A model of cross-organ sensitization of bladder visceromotor response to distension was next studied to determine whether increased expression of GLT-1 can mitigate colon to bladder sensitization. Intracolonic trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) administered 1 h before eliciting the visceromotor response to graded bladder distension produced a 75-138% increase in visceromotor response compared with animals receiving intracolonic vehicle. In marked contrast, animals treated with 1-wk CTX + intracolonic TNBS showed no enhanced visceromotor response compared with the 1-wk vehicle + intracolonic vehicle group. The study suggests that GLT-1 overexpression attenuates the visceromotor response to bladder distension and both local irritant-induced and cross-organ-sensitized visceromotor response to bladder distension.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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28
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White JPM, Ko CW, Fidalgo AR, Cibelli M, Paule CC, Anderson PJ, Cruz C, Gomba S, Matesz K, Veress G, Avelino A, Nagy I. Severe burn injury induces a characteristic activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in spinal dorsal horn neurons. Eur J Pain 2011; 15:683-90. [PMID: 21371920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We have studied scalding-type burn injury-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in the spinal dorsal horn, which is a recognised marker for spinal nociceptive processing. At 5min after severe scalding injury to mouse hind-paw, a substantial number of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) immunopositive neurons were found in the ipsilateral dorsal horn. At 1h post-injury, the number of pERK1/2-labelled neurons remained substantially the same. However, at 3h post-injury, a further increase in the number of labelled neurons was found on the ipsilateral side, while a remarkable increase in the number of labelled neurons on the contralateral side resulted in there being no significant difference between the extent of the labelling on both sides. By 6h post-injury, the number of labelled neurons was reduced on both sides without there being significant difference between the two sides. A similar pattern of severe scalding injury-induced activation of ERK1/2 in spinal dorsal horn neurons over the same time-course was found in mice which lacked the transient receptor potential type 1 receptor (TRPV1) except that the extent to which ERK1/2 was activated in the ipsilateral dorsal horn at 5 min post-injury was significantly greater in wild-type animals when compared to TRPV1 null animals. This difference in activation of ERK1/2 in spinal dorsal horn neurons was abolished within 1h after injury, demonstrating that TRPV1 is not essential for the maintenance of ongoing spinal nociceptive processing in inflammatory pain conditions in mouse resulting from at least certain types of severe burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P M White
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369, Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom
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29
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Extracellular signal-regulated kinases in pain of peripheral origin. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 650:8-17. [PMID: 20950608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Activation of members of the family of enzymes known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) is now known to be involved in the development and/or maintenance of the pain associated with many inflammatory conditions, such as herniated spinal disc pain, chronic inflammatory articular pain, and the pain associated with bladder inflammation. Moreover, ERKs are implicated in the development of neuropathic pain signs in animals which are subjected to the lumbar 5 spinal nerve ligation model and the chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain. The position has now been reached where all scientists working on pain subjects ought to be aware of the importance of ERKs, if only because certain of these enzymes are increasingly employed as experimental markers of nociceptive processing. Here, we introduce the reader, first, to the intracellular context in which these enzymes function. Thereafter, we consider the involvement of ERKs in mediating nociceptive signalling to the brain resulting from noxious stimuli at the periphery which will be interpreted by the brain as pain of peripheral origin.
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30
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Ishii M, Kusunoki H, Manabe N, Kamada T, Sato M, Imamura H, Shiotani A, Hata J, Haruma K. Evaluation of duodenal hypersensitivity induced by duodenal acidification using transnasal endoscopy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 25:913-8. [PMID: 20546445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06143.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Although duodenal hypersensitivity has been suggested as one of the causes of functional dyspepsia (FD), a practical method to clarify this has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patients with FD have duodenal hypersensitivity to acid, using transnasal endoscopy. METHODS In all, 44 patients with FD and 16 healthy volunteers were enrolled, and all the subjects received transnasal endoscopy in the morning after overnight fasting. After ordinary transnasal endoscopy, an infusion tube was introduced into the duodenal bulb by transnasal endoscopy and acid (20 mL, 0.1 N HCl, 20 mL/min, 36.5 degrees C) was injected via the infusion tube. The severity of 12 symptoms was assessed by each subject using a 100-mm visual analogue scale. The maximum severity scale was defined as the maximum score of the symptom severity scale. The total score was defined as the aggregate score of the maximum severity scale of the 12 symptoms. The maximum severity scales and the total scores between patients with FD and healthy volunteers were evaluated. RESULTS The maximum severity scales of nine symptoms increased significantly more after acid infusion in patients with FD than in healthy volunteers (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the total scores (patients with FD vs healthy volunteers 233.8 +/- 37.8 vs 63.9 +/- 14.6, mean +/- standard error of the mean, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Duodenal acidification using transnasal endoscopy enabled the evaluation of duodenal hypersensitivity to acid in healthy volunteers and patients with FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Ishii
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
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31
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Wang L, Liu X, Wu W, Chai R, Chang X. Phosphorylation of spinal signaling-regulated kinases by acute uterine cervical distension in rats. Int J Obstet Anesth 2010; 19:50-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Ohtori S, Yamashita M, Inoue G, Yamauchi K, Suzuki M, Orita S, Eguchi Y, Ochiai N, Kishida S, Takaso M, Takahashi K. L2 Spinal Nerve–Block Effects on Acute Low Back Pain From Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2009; 10:870-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 01/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Basic and clinical aspects of gastrointestinal pain. Pain 2009; 141:191-209. [PMID: 19155134 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2008.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a system of organs within multicellular animals which facilitates the ingestion, digestion, and absorption of food with subsequent defecation of waste. A complex arrangement of nerves and ancillary cells contributes to the sensorimotor apparatus required to subserve such essential functions that are with the exception of the extreme upper and lower ends of the GI tract normally subconscious. However, it also has the potential to provide conscious awareness of injury. Although this function can be protective, when dysregulated, particularly on a chronic basis, the same system can lead to considerable morbidity. The anatomical and molecular basis of gastrointestinal nociception, conditions associated with chronic unexplained visceral pain, and developments in treatment are presented in this review.
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34
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Lin Y, Tian G, Roman K, Handy C, Travers JB, Lin CLG, Stephens RL. Increased glial glutamate transporter EAAT2 expression reduces visceral nociceptive response in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 296:G129-34. [PMID: 19023027 PMCID: PMC2636927 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.90556.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Visceral hypersensitivity is the leading complaint of functional bowel disorders. Central sensitization mediated by glutamate receptor activation is implicated in pathophysiology of visceral pain. The glial glutamate transporter EAAT2 is the principal mediator of glutamate clearance to terminate glutamate-mediated responses. Transgenic mice overexpressing human EAAT2 (EAAT2 mice), which exhibited a twofold enhanced glutamate uptake, showed 39% less writhing response to intraperitoneal acetic acid than nontransgenic littermates. Moreover, EAAT2 transgenic mice showed a 53-64% reduction in visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distension (CRD) in assessments of the response to graded increase in pressures. Corroborating the involvement of enhanced glutamate uptake, wild-type mice treated for 1 wk with ceftriaxone, an EAAT2 expression activator, showed a 49-70% reduction in VMR to CRD. Moreover, systemic pretreatment with the selective EAAT2 transporter blocker dihydrokainate reversed the ceftriaxone-blunted nociceptive response to CRD. However, the enhanced VMR to CRD produced by intracolonic ethanol was not significantly attenuated by 1-wk ceftriaxone pretreatment. The data suggest that enhanced glutamate uptake provides protective effects against colonic distension-induced nociception and represents an exciting new mechanistic approach leading to better therapeutic options to visceral pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- Departments of Neuroscience, Physiology and Cell Biology, and Oral Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Guilian Tian
- Departments of Neuroscience, Physiology and Cell Biology, and Oral Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kenny Roman
- Departments of Neuroscience, Physiology and Cell Biology, and Oral Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Chalonda Handy
- Departments of Neuroscience, Physiology and Cell Biology, and Oral Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Joseph B. Travers
- Departments of Neuroscience, Physiology and Cell Biology, and Oral Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Chien-liang Glenn Lin
- Departments of Neuroscience, Physiology and Cell Biology, and Oral Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Robert L. Stephens
- Departments of Neuroscience, Physiology and Cell Biology, and Oral Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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