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Bahmad HF, Thiravialingam A, Sriganeshan K, Gonzalez J, Alvarez V, Ocejo S, Abreu AR, Avellan R, Arzola AH, Hachem S, Poppiti R. Clinical Significance of SOX10 Expression in Human Pathology. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:10131-10158. [PMID: 38132479 PMCID: PMC10742133 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The embryonic development of neural crest cells and subsequent tissue differentiation are intricately regulated by specific transcription factors. Among these, SOX10, a member of the SOX gene family, stands out. Located on chromosome 22q13, the SOX10 gene encodes a transcription factor crucial for the differentiation, migration, and maintenance of tissues derived from neural crest cells. It plays a pivotal role in developing various tissues, including the central and peripheral nervous systems, melanocytes, chondrocytes, and odontoblasts. Mutations in SOX10 have been associated with congenital disorders such as Waardenburg-Shah Syndrome, PCWH syndrome, and Kallman syndrome, underscoring its clinical significance. Furthermore, SOX10 is implicated in neural and neuroectodermal tumors, such as melanoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), and schwannomas, influencing processes like proliferation, migration, and differentiation. In mesenchymal tumors, SOX10 expression serves as a valuable marker for distinguishing between different tumor types. Additionally, SOX10 has been identified in various epithelial neoplasms, including breast, ovarian, salivary gland, nasopharyngeal, and bladder cancers, presenting itself as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker. However, despite these associations, further research is imperative to elucidate its precise role in these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham F. Bahmad
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA;
| | - Aran Thiravialingam
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (A.T.); (K.S.); (J.G.); (S.O.); (A.R.A.); (R.A.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Karthik Sriganeshan
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (A.T.); (K.S.); (J.G.); (S.O.); (A.R.A.); (R.A.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Jeffrey Gonzalez
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (A.T.); (K.S.); (J.G.); (S.O.); (A.R.A.); (R.A.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Veronica Alvarez
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (A.T.); (K.S.); (J.G.); (S.O.); (A.R.A.); (R.A.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Stephanie Ocejo
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (A.T.); (K.S.); (J.G.); (S.O.); (A.R.A.); (R.A.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Alvaro R. Abreu
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (A.T.); (K.S.); (J.G.); (S.O.); (A.R.A.); (R.A.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Rima Avellan
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (A.T.); (K.S.); (J.G.); (S.O.); (A.R.A.); (R.A.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Alejandro H. Arzola
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (A.T.); (K.S.); (J.G.); (S.O.); (A.R.A.); (R.A.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Sana Hachem
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon;
| | - Robert Poppiti
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA;
- Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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2
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Zhang X, Yao J, Niu N, Li X, Liu Y, Huo L, Euscher ED, Wang H, Bell D, Sood AK, Wang G, Lawson BC, Ramalingam P, Malpica A, Sahin AA, Ding Q, Liu J. SOX17: A Highly Sensitive and Specific Immunomarker for Ovarian and Endometrial Carcinomas. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100001. [PMID: 36853778 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2022.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PAX8 is the most commonly used immunomarker to link a carcinoma to the gynecologic tract; however, it lacks specificity. Through mining The Cancer Genome Atlas mRNA expression profile data, we identified SOX17 as a potential specific marker at the mRNA level for gynecologic tumors. To evaluate the utility of this marker in the identification of the gynecologic origin of a given carcinoma, we performed immunochemical staining in a large cohort of ovarian and endometrial cancer cases (n = 416), together with a large cohort of solid tumors from other organs (n = 1544) in tissue microarrays. Similar to PAX8, SOX17 was highly expressed in different subtypes of ovarian carcinoma (97.5% for SOX17 vs 97% for PAX8 in serous carcinoma, 90% vs 90% in endometrioid carcinoma, and 100% vs 100% in clear cell carcinoma), except for mucinous carcinoma (0% vs 27%), and was also highly expressed in different subtypes of endometrial carcinoma (88% vs 84% in endometrioid carcinoma, 100% vs 100% in serous and clear cell carcinoma). SOX17 was not expressed in thyroid and renal cell carcinomas, whereas PAX8 expression was high (86% and 85%, respectively). In addition, SOX17 was expressed at low levels in cervical adenocarcinoma (20%) and had no expression in cervical squamous carcinoma, mesothelioma, and carcinomas from the breast, lung, pancreas, colon, stomach, liver, bladder, and salivary gland. Our data indicate that SOX17 is not only a sensitive but also a specific marker for the origin of ovarian and endometrial carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Na Niu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lei Huo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth D Euscher
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Diana Bell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Barrett C Lawson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Preetha Ramalingam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anais Malpica
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aysegul A Sahin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qingqing Ding
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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3
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Shaker N, Chen W, Sinclair W, Parwani AV, Li Z. Identifying SOX17 as a Sensitive and Specific Marker for Ovarian and Endometrial Carcinomas. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100038. [PMID: 36788073 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2022.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Similar to PAX8, SOX17 was recently identified as a master transcription factor of ovarian cancer based on RNA sequencing data. We explored SOX17 utility in diagnosing ovarian tumors and other gynecologic tumors. We systematically evaluated SOX17 expression on tissue microarrays of 398 ovarian tumors of various types, 93 endometrial carcinomas, 80 cervical carcinomas, and 1371 nongynecologic carcinomas, such as those of kidney, thyroid, breast, colon, bladder, liver, bile duct, adrenal gland, pancreas, brain, and lung and malignant melanoma. In addition, we evaluated SOX17 expression in whole tissue sections from 60 gynecologic carcinomas and 10 angiosarcomas. The results demonstrated that SOX17 was highly expressed in most ovarian and endometrial tumors with strong intensity. However, unlike PAX8, it was predominately negative in other tested tumor types, including kidney and thyroid tumors. In particular, SOX17 was highly expressed in the following pathologic subtypes of ovarian tumors: serous carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, and germ cell tumors. SOX17 was mostly negative in mucinous carcinoma and sex cord stromal tumors. In addition, SOX17 was expressed in vascular endothelial cells and was positive in all tested angiosarcomas. In summary, our results demonstrate that SOX17 is a sensitive and specific marker for ovarian nonmucinous carcinomas and endometrial carcinomas. For ovarian germ cell tumors and angiosarcomas, SOX17 demonstrates higher specificity than PAX8, with comparable sensitivity. Furthermore, SOX17 positivity in endothelial cells serves as an internal positive control, making it an excellent marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Shaker
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - William Sinclair
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Anil V Parwani
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Zaibo Li
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
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Yun Y, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Ou Y, Zhou X, Lu Z. SOX17-mediated MALAT1-miR-199a-HIF1α axis confers sensitivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells to radiotherapy. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:270. [PMID: 35614065 PMCID: PMC9132944 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a main modality of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treatment, while radioresistance largely limits the effect of this therapy. Evidence exists reporting that SOX17 may sensitize ESCC cells to irradiation, but the downstream mechanism remains poorly understood. Therefore, we attempt to explore the molecular basis of SOX17 effect on radioresistance in ESCC. The SOX17 expression was measured in ESCC tissues and cells, followed by evaluation of its relationship with patient survival. The fractionated irradiation-induced irradiation-resistant cell line KYSE150R was subjected to gain- and loss-of function studies to explore the effect of SOX17 and downstream effectors MALAT1, miR-199a, and HIF1α on the malignant phenotypes of ESCC. The interaction among these factors was explained using ChIP, dual luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down and RIP assays. Further, the in vivo effect of SOX17 on ESCC irradiation tolerance was assessed in nude mice. SOX17 was underexpressed in ESCC tissues and cells, which was negatively correlated with the prognosis of patients with ESCC. Besides, SOX17 inhibited irradiation tolerance of ESCC cells by suppressing MALAT1 transcription. Notably, MALAT1 acted as miR-199a sponge and thereby enhanced HIF1α expression. Moreover, SOX17 reduced the irradiation tolerance of ESCC cells by reducing HIF1α expression via the MALAT1-miR-199a axis, and attenuated tumor formation in nude mice. Our results indicate that SOX17 can impede the radioresistance of ESCC cells through the MALAT1-miR-199a-HIF1α axis, in support of further research for ESCC radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Yun
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changzhou Tumor Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changzhou Tumor Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Qiqi Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changzhou Tumor Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Yao Ou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changzhou Tumor Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Xifa Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changzhou Tumor Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
| | - Zhonghua Lu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changzhou Tumor Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
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Ardalan Khales S, Abbaszadegan MR, Hosseini SE, Forghanifard MM. Contribution of TWIST1-EVX1 Axis in Invasiveness of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; a Functional Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 20:e2733. [PMID: 36337061 PMCID: PMC9583822 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2022.224786.2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process in embryonic development and cancer progression, and different gene families, such as HOX genes, are closely related to this process. OBJECTIVES Our aim in this study was to investigate the correlation between TWIST1 and EVX1 mRNA expression in ESCC patients and also examine the probable regulatory function of TWIST1 on EVX1 expression in human ESCC cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS TWIST1 and EVX1 gene expression patterns were assessed in ESCC patients by relative comparative Real-time PCR then correlated with their clinical characteristics. In silico analysis of the EVX1 gene was conducted. KYSE-30 cells were transduced by a retroviral system to ectopically express TWIST1, followed by qRT-PCR to reveal the correlation between TWIST1 and EVX1 gene expression. RESULTS The expression of TWIST1 and EVX1 was correlated to each other significantly (p=0.005) in ESCC. Of 28 patients with under/normal expression of TWIST1, 22 samples (78.57%) had over/normal expression of EVX1. TWIST1 overexpression was correlated with advanced stages of the tumor (III, IV) (P = 0.019) and lymph node metastasis. However, EVX1 under expression was associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.027) and invasiveness of the disease (P = 0.037) in ESCC. Furthermore, retroviral transduction enforced significant overexpression of TWIST1 in GFP-hTWIST-1 approximately 9-fold compared to GFP control cells, causing a - 8.83- fold reduction in EVX1 mRNA expression significantly. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated the repressive role of TWIST1 on EVX1 gene expression in ESCC. Therefore, our findings can help dissect the molecular mechanism of ESCC tumorigenesis and discover novel therapeutic targets for ESCC invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Zand Institute of Higher Education, Shiraz, Iran
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6
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Du Z, Li L, Sun W, Zhu P, Cheng S, Yang X, Luo C, Yu X, Wu X. Systematic Evaluation for the Influences of the SOX17/Notch Receptor Family Members on Reversing Enzalutamide Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:607291. [PMID: 33791203 PMCID: PMC8006330 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.607291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains challenging due to the failure of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT); hence the search for other molecular therapeutic targets besides androgen receptor signaling is ongoing. This study systematically investigated the expression of SOX17 and Notch receptors in CRPC tissues and cells in vitro, showing that consistent clinical CRPC, SOX17/Notch1, and Notch4 were responsible for enzalutamide resistance in CRPC cells. The γ secretase inhibitors, BMS-708163, GSI-IX, PF-3084014, and RO4929097 abrogated the enzalutamide resistance by inhibiting Notch1 or/and Notch4 in vitro, with GSI-IX and RO4929097 being more effective than BMS-708163 and PF-3084014 in reliving bone metastasis in vivo. In conclusion, the Notch1 and Notch4 inhibitors GSI-IX and RO4929097 are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Du
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.,Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luo Li
- Center for Immunology Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Urology, Fuling Center Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Pingyu Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Shulin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Chunli Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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7
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The role of SOX family transcription factors in gastric cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:608-624. [PMID: 33662423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of death worldwide. GC is the third-most common cause of cancer-related death after lung and colorectal cancer. It is also the fifth-most commonly diagnosed cancer. Accumulating evidence has revealed the role of signaling networks in GC progression. Identification of these molecular pathways can provide new insight into therapeutic approaches for GC. Several molecular factors involved in GC can play both onco-suppressor and oncogene roles. Sex-determining region Y (Sry)-box-containing (SOX) family members are transcription factors with a well-known role in cancer. SOX proteins can bind to DNA to regulate cellular pathways via a highly conserved domain known as high mobility group (HMG). In the present review, the roles of SOX proteins in the progression and/or inhibition of GC are discussed. The dual role of SOX proteins as tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing factors is highlighted. SOX members can affect upstream mediators (microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and NF-κB) and down-stream mediators (FAK, HIF-1α, CDX2 and PTEN) in GC. The possible role of anti-tumor compounds to target SOX pathway members in GC therapy is described. Moreover, SOX proteins may be used as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in GC.
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8
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Yang Y, Li W, Wei B, Wu K, Liu D, Zhu D, Zhang C, Wen F, Fan Y, Zhao S. MicroRNA let-7i Inhibits Histone Lysine Demethylase KDM5B to Halt Esophageal Cancer Progression. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:846-861. [PMID: 33230480 PMCID: PMC7658493 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that microRNA let-7i is a tumor suppressor in human cancers, including esophageal cancer, but its underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood. We investigated the role and mechanisms of let-7i in the progression of esophageal cancer. We first showed that let-7i was downregulated in esophageal cancer tissues and cells and then linked its low expression to cancer progression. Bioinformatic analysis predicted KDM5B as a target gene of let-7i, which was confirmed by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Loss- and gain-of function approaches were adopted to examine the interactions of let-7i, KDM5B, SOX17, and GREB1 in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of let-7i suppressed esophageal cancer cell proliferation and invasion and promoted apoptosis. Mechanistic investigation showed that let-7i targeted and inhibited KDM5B expression, whereas KDM5B enhanced H3K4me3 at the SOX17 promoter region. Overexpression of let-7i suppressed the expression of GREB1 in esophageal cancer cells by regulating the KDM5B/SOX17 axis in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, our findings reveal the tumor-suppressive properties of let-7i in esophageal cancer in association with an apparent KDM5B-dependent SOX17/GREB1 axis. This study offers a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450015, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450015, P.R. China
| | - Bochong Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450015, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450015, P.R. China
| | - Donglei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450015, P.R. China
| | - Dengyan Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450015, P.R. China
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450015, P.R. China
| | - Fengbiao Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450015, P.R. China
| | - Yuxia Fan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450015, P.R. China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450015, P.R. China
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9
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Tan DS, Holzner M, Weng M, Srivastava Y, Jauch R. SOX17 in cellular reprogramming and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Li JC, Chang X, Chen Y, Li XZ, Zhang XL, Yang SM, Hu CJ, Zhang H. Loss of the Tumor Suppressor HACE1 Contributes to Cancer Progression. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1018-1028. [PMID: 30827236 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190227184654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
HACE1 belongs to the family of HECT domain-containing E3 ligases, which plays an important role in the occurrence, invasion and metastatic process in many human malignancies. HACE1 is a tumor suppressor gene that is reduced in most cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal tissue. The loss or knocking out of HACE1 leads to enhanced tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis; in contrast, the overexpression of HACE1 can inhibit the development of tumors. Hypermethylation reduces the expression of HACE1, thereby promoting tumor development. HACE1 can inhibit the development of inflammation or tumors via the ubiquitination pathway. Therefore, HACE1 may be a potential therapeutic target, providing new strategies for disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Chen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xin-Zhe Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xiang-Lian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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11
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Srivastava Y, Tan DS, Malik V, Weng M, Javed A, Cojocaru V, Wu G, Veerapandian V, Cheung LWT, Jauch R. Cancer-associated missense mutations enhance the pluripotency reprogramming activity of OCT4 and SOX17. FEBS J 2019; 287:122-144. [PMID: 31569299 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The functional consequences of cancer-associated missense mutations are unclear for the majority of proteins. We have previously demonstrated that the activity of SOX and Pit-Oct-Unc (POU) family factors during pluripotency reprogramming can be switched and enhanced with rationally placed point mutations. Here, we interrogated cancer mutation databases and identified recurrently mutated positions at critical structural interfaces of the DNA-binding domains of paralogous SOX and POU family transcription factors. Using the conversion of mouse embryonic fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells as functional readout, we identified several gain-of-function mutations that enhance pluripotency reprogramming by SOX2 and OCT4. Wild-type SOX17 cannot support reprogramming but the recurrent missense mutation SOX17-V118M is capable of inducing pluripotency. Furthermore, SOX17-V118M promotes oncogenic transformation, enhances thermostability and elevates cellular protein levels of SOX17. We conclude that the mutational profile of SOX and POU family factors in cancer can guide the design of high-performance reprogramming factors. Furthermore, we propose cellular reprogramming as a suitable assay to study the functional impact of cancer-associated mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Srivastava
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Genome Regulation Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daisylyn Senna Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vikas Malik
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Genome Regulation Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxi Weng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Asif Javed
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vlad Cojocaru
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Guangming Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Veeramohan Veerapandian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Genome Regulation Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lydia W T Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ralf Jauch
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Genome Regulation Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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12
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Higashijima Y, Kanki Y. Molecular mechanistic insights: The emerging role of SOXF transcription factors in tumorigenesis and development. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 67:39-48. [PMID: 31536760 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the development and progress of next-generation sequencers incorporated with classical biochemical analyses have drastically produced novel insights into transcription factors, including Sry-like high-mobility group box (SOX) factors. In addition to their primary functions in binding to and activating specific downstream genes, transcription factors also participate in the dedifferentiation or direct reprogramming of somatic cells to undifferentiated cells or specific lineage cells. Since the discovery of SOX factors, members of the SOXF (SOX7, SOX17, and SOX18) family have been identified to play broad roles, especially with regard to cardiovascular development. More recently, SOXF factors have been recognized as crucial players in determining the cell fate and in the regulation of cancer cells. Here, we provide an overview of research on the mechanism by which SOXF factors regulate development and cancer, and discuss their potential as new targets for cancer drugs while offering insight into novel mechanistic transcriptional regulation during cell lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Higashijima
- Department of Bioinformational Pharmacology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Kanki
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
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13
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The role of SOX family members in solid tumours and metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 67:122-153. [PMID: 30914279 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a heavy burden for humans across the world with high morbidity and mortality. Transcription factors including sex determining region Y (SRY)-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (SOX) proteins are thought to be involved in the regulation of specific biological processes. The deregulation of gene expression programs can lead to cancer development. Here, we review the role of the SOX family in breast cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer, brain tumours, gastrointestinal and lung tumours as well as the entailing therapeutic implications. The SOX family consists of more than 20 members that mediate DNA binding by the HMG domain and have regulatory functions in development, cell-fate decision, and differentiation. SOX2, SOX4, SOX5, SOX8, SOX9, and SOX18 are up-regulated in different cancer types and have been found to be associated with poor prognosis, while the up-regulation of SOX11 and SOX30 appears to be favourable for the outcome in other cancer types. SOX2, SOX4, SOX5 and other SOX members are involved in tumorigenesis, e.g. SOX2 is markedly up-regulated in chemotherapy resistant cells. The SoxF family (SOX7, SOX17, SOX18) plays an important role in angio- and lymphangiogenesis, with SOX18 seemingly being an attractive target for anti-angiogenic therapy and the treatment of metastatic disease in cancer. In summary, SOX transcription factors play an important role in cancer progression, including tumorigenesis, changes in the tumour microenvironment, and metastasis. Certain SOX proteins are potential molecular markers for cancer prognosis and putative potential therapeutic targets, but further investigations are required to understand their physiological functions.
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14
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Tao Y, Kang B, Petkovich DA, Bhandari YR, In J, Stein-O'Brien G, Kong X, Xie W, Zachos N, Maegawa S, Vaidya H, Brown S, Chiu Yen RW, Shao X, Thakor J, Lu Z, Cai Y, Zhang Y, Mallona I, Peinado MA, Zahnow CA, Ahuja N, Fertig E, Issa JP, Baylin SB, Easwaran H. Aging-like Spontaneous Epigenetic Silencing Facilitates Wnt Activation, Stemness, and Braf V600E-Induced Tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:315-328.e6. [PMID: 30753828 PMCID: PMC6636642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We addressed the precursor role of aging-like spontaneous promoter DNA hypermethylation in initiating tumorigenesis. Using mouse colon-derived organoids, we show that promoter hypermethylation spontaneously arises in cells mimicking the human aging-like phenotype. The silenced genes activate the Wnt pathway, causing a stem-like state and differentiation defects. These changes render aged organoids profoundly more sensitive than young ones to transformation by BrafV600E, producing the typical human proximal BRAFV600E-driven colon adenocarcinomas characterized by extensive, abnormal gene-promoter CpG-island methylation, or the methylator phenotype (CIMP). Conversely, CRISPR-mediated simultaneous inactivation of a panel of the silenced genes markedly sensitizes to BrafV600E-induced transformation. Our studies tightly link aging-like epigenetic abnormalities to intestinal cell fate changes and predisposition to oncogene-driven colon tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tao
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Byunghak Kang
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Daniel A Petkovich
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yuba R Bhandari
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Julie In
- Hopkins Conte Digestive Disease, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Genevieve Stein-O'Brien
- Division of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Xiangqian Kong
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Wenbing Xie
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Nicholas Zachos
- Hopkins Conte Digestive Disease, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Shinji Maegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 853, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Himani Vaidya
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Stephen Brown
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ray-Whay Chiu Yen
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Xiaojian Shao
- Department of Human Genetics, Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jai Thakor
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Zhihao Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yi Cai
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yuezheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Izaskun Mallona
- Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute (IGTP), Program for Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Badalona, 08916 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Peinado
- Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute (IGTP), Program for Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Badalona, 08916 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cynthia A Zahnow
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Nita Ahuja
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Elana Fertig
- Division of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Issa
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Stephen B Baylin
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Hariharan Easwaran
- CRB1, Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 530, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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15
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Li J, Sun X, He P, Liu WQ, Zou YB, Wang Q, Meng XW. Ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 2 promotes cell migration and invasion through Wnt/β-catenin signaling in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4773-4786. [PMID: 30479464 PMCID: PMC6235804 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i42.4773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the function and mechanism of ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 2 (Uba2) in progression of gastric cancer (GC) cells.
METHODS Uba2 level in patients with GC was analyzed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. MTT and colony formation assays were performed to examine cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis. Wound healing and Transwell assays were conducted to examine the effects of Uba2 on migration and invasion. Expression levels of cell cycle-related proteins, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers, and involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was assessed by Western blotting. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was confirmed by luciferase assay.
RESULTS Uba2 expression was higher in GC than in normal tissues. Increased Uba2 expression was correlated with tissue differentiation, Lauren’s classification, vascular invasion, and TNM stage, as determined by the analysis of 100 GC cases (P < 0.05). Knock-down of Uba2 inhibited GC cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and altered expression of cyclin D1, P21, P27, and Bcl-2, while up-regulation of Uba2 showed the opposite effects. The wound healing and Transwell assays showed that Uba2 promoted GC cell migration and invasion. Western blotting revealed alterations in EMT biomarkers, suggesting the role of Uba2 in EMT. Furthermore, the luciferase reporter assay indicated the involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as a possible modulator of Uba2 oncogenic functions.
CONCLUSION Uba2 plays a vital role in GC cell migration and invasion, possibly by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wan-Qi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ya-Bin Zou
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiang-Wei Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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16
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The ERM family member Merlin is required for endometrial gland morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2018; 442:301-314. [PMID: 30118662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of endometrial gland formation or function can cause female infertility. Formation of endometrial glands via tubulogenesis of luminal epithelial cells requires the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity and cell adhesion. The FERM domain-containing protein Merlin coordinates epithelial cell polarity and cell adhesion and is critical for epithelial tissue function in the skin and kidney. We now demonstrate a requirement for Merlin in endometrial gland development. Conditional deletion of Merlin in the endometrium results in female infertility caused by the absence of gland formation. Interestingly, we observed glandular epithelial markers within discrete groups of cells in the Merlin-deficient luminal epithelium. Wnt signaling, a pathway necessary for endometrial gland development is maintained in Merlin-deficient endometrium, suggesting the glandular fate program is active. Instead, we observe increased levels of apical actin and markers indicative of high membrane tension on the basal surface of the Merlin-deficient luminal epithelium. These findings suggest that the structural integrity of the luminal epithelium during gland formation is required for appropriate endometrial tubulogenesis and tissue function. Moreover, our work implicates Merlin-dependent regulation of mechanical tension in the proper formation of endometrial gland architecture and function.
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17
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SOX17 restrains proliferation and tumor formation by down-regulating activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via trans-suppressing β-catenin in cervical cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:741. [PMID: 29970906 PMCID: PMC6030085 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The SRY-box containing gene 17 (SOX17) is considered as a regulator in stemness maintenance and a suppressor in some malignant tumors. However, the biological function and molecular mechanism of SOX17 in the process of initiation and progression of cervical cancer remain obscure. In this study, immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of SOX17 was high in the normal cervix, moderate in the high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and low in the cervical cancer. SOX17 inhibited the proliferation and viability of cervical cancer cells in vitro as well as tumor formation in vivo. Additionally, SOX17 induced the cell cycle arrest at the transition from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase. The TOP/ FOP-Flash reporter assay and Western blotting showed SOX17 inhibited the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in cervical cancer. Further, firefly luciferase reporter assay and quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation (qChIP) assays confirmed that SOX17 trans-suppressed the expression of β-catenin by directly binding to the specific region of the β-catenin promoter. Together, our data demonstrated that SOX17 restrained the proliferation and tumor formation by down-regulating the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via trans-suppression of β-catenin in cervical cancer.
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18
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Zhu D, Yang D, Li X, Feng F. Heterogeneous expression and biological function of SOX18 in osteosaroma. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4184-4192. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danjie Zhu
- Department of OrthopedicsZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Di Yang
- Department of OrthopedicsZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of OrthopedicsZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Fabo Feng
- Department of OrthopedicsZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
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19
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Different expression of sox17 gene during gametogenesis between scallop Chlamys farreri and vertebrates. Gene Expr Patterns 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Walker CJ, O'Hern MJ, Serna VA, Kurita T, Miranda MA, Sapp CE, Mutch DG, Cohn DE, Goodfellow PJ. Novel SOX17 frameshift mutations in endometrial cancer are functionally distinct from recurrent missense mutations. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68758-68768. [PMID: 28978154 PMCID: PMC5620294 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive genomic profiling for endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) has pointed to genes and pathways important in uterine development as critical mediators of endometrial tumorigenesis. SOX17 is a developmental transcription factor necessary for proper endoderm formation that has been implicated as a tumor suppressor and shown to modulate WNT signaling. SOX17 mutation analysis in 539 primary EECs revealed frequent missense and frameshift mutations with an overall 11.5% mutation rate. More than half the mutations identified were frameshifts (32 of 62), and the hotspot missense changes, p.Ala96Gly and p.Ser403Ile, were seen in 14 tumors. None of the cases with a mutation had a second SOX17 mutation or evidence of allelic loss. Immunofluorescence microscopy performed on primary samples showed that there were no changes in SOX17 protein expression associated with mutation. Low/absent SOX17 staining was significantly associated with advanced stage, high tumor grade and reduced recurrence-free survival. Functional assessment of the two hotspot missense mutations and three representative frameshift mutations showed that SOX17-A96G and SOX17-S403I have transcriptional activities similar to SOX17 wild-type (WT), whereas none of the frameshift mutant proteins showed transcriptional activity. Forced expression of SOX17-WT, -A96G or -S403I in EC cell lines moderately increased β-catenin mediated transcription, which contrasts with previous data showing SOX17 is an inhibitor of TCF/β-catenin signaling. The proliferation of EC cell lines was expectedly reduced by transfection with SOX17-WT, and further reduced by SOX17-A96G and SOX17-S403I. These data implicate SOX17 mutation as a selected event in EEC, with clear differences between the missense and frameshift mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Walker
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Matthew J O'Hern
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Vanida A Serna
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Takeshi Kurita
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mario A Miranda
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Caroline E Sapp
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - David G Mutch
- Siteman Cancer Center and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David E Cohn
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Paul J Goodfellow
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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21
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Merino-Azpitarte M, Lozano E, Perugorria MJ, Esparza-Baquer A, Erice O, Santos-Laso A, O'Rourke CJ, Andersen JB, Jiménez-Agüero R, Lacasta A, D'Amato M, Briz O, Jalan-Sakrikar N, Huebert RC, Thelen KM, Gradilone SA, Aransay AM, Lavín JL, Fernández-Barrena MG, Matheu A, Marzioni M, Gores GJ, Bujanda L, Marin JJG, Banales JM. SOX17 regulates cholangiocyte differentiation and acts as a tumor suppressor in cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatol 2017; 67:72-83. [PMID: 28237397 PMCID: PMC5502751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a biliary malignancy linked to genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, such as hypermethylation of SOX17 promoter. Here, the role of SOX17 in cholangiocyte differentiation and cholangiocarcinogenesis was studied. METHODS SOX17 expression/function was evaluated along the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) into cholangiocytes, in the dedifferentiation process of normal human cholangiocytes (NHC) in culture and in cholangiocarcinogenesis. Lentiviruses for SOX17 overexpression or knockdown were used. Gene expression and DNA methylation profiling were performed. RESULTS SOX17 expression is induced in the last stage of cholangiocyte differentiation from iPSC and regulates the acquisition of biliary markers. SOX17 becomes downregulated in NHC undergoing dedifferentiation; experimental SOX17 knockdown in differentiated NHC downregulated biliary markers and promoted baseline and Wnt-dependent proliferation. SOX17 expression is lower in human CCA than in healthy tissue, which correlates with worse survival after tumor resection. In CCA cells, SOX17 overexpression decreased their tumorigenic capacity in murine xenograft models, which was related to increased oxidative stress and apoptosis. In contrast, SOX17 overexpression in NHC did not affect their survival but inhibited their baseline proliferation. In CCA cells, SOX17 inhibited migration, anchorage-independent growth and Wnt/β-catenin-dependent proliferation, and restored the expression of biliary markers and primary cilium length. In human CCA, SOX17 promoter was found hypermethylated and its expression inversely correlates with the methylation grade. In NHC, Wnt3a decreased SOX17 expression in a DNMT-dependent manner, whereas in CCA, DNMT1 inhibition or silencing upregulated SOX17. CONCLUSIONS SOX17 regulates the differentiation and maintenance of the biliary phenotype and functions as a tumor suppressor for CCA, being a potential prognostic marker and a promising therapeutic target. LAY SUMMARY Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of CCA is key in finding new valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets. This study provides evidence that SOX17 regulates the differentiation and maintenance of the biliary phenotype, and its downregulation promotes their tumorigenic transformation. SOX17 acts as a tumor suppressor in CCA and its genetic, molecular and/or pharmacological restoration may represent a new promising therapeutic strategy. Moreover, SOX17 expression correlates with the outcome of patients after tumor resection, being a potential prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Merino-Azpitarte
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital –, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - E Lozano
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital –, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain,Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Spain
| | - MJ Perugorria
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital –, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Spain,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Esparza-Baquer
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital –, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - O Erice
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital –, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - A Santos-Laso
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital –, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - CJ O'Rourke
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - JB Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Jiménez-Agüero
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital –, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - A Lacasta
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital –, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - M D'Amato
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital –, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - O Briz
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Spain
| | - N Jalan-Sakrikar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - RC Huebert
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - KM Thelen
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - SA Gradilone
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - AM Aransay
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Spain,Genome Analysis Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - JL Lavín
- Genome Analysis Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | | | - A Matheu
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Neuro-Oncology Group, Biodonostia Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital –, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - M Marzioni
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Università Politecnica delle Marche”, Ancona, Italy
| | - GJ Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - L Bujanda
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital –, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Spain
| | - JJG Marin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Spain
| | - JM Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital –, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Spain,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Chimonidou M, Strati A, Malamos N, Kouneli S, Georgoulias V, Lianidou E. Direct comparison study of DNA methylation markers in EpCAM-positive circulating tumour cells, corresponding circulating tumour DNA, and paired primary tumours in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:72054-72068. [PMID: 29069768 PMCID: PMC5641111 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) represent a non-invasive liquid biopsy approach for the follow-up and therapy management of cancer patients. We evaluated whether DNA methylation status in CTCs and ctDNA is comparable and whether it reflects the status of primary tumours. We compared the methylation status of three genes, SOX17, CST6 and BRMS1 in primary tumours, corresponding CTCs and ctDNA in 153 breast cancer patients and healthy individuals, by using real time methylation specific PCR. We report a clear association between the EpCAM-positive CTC-fraction and ctDNA for SOX17 promoter methylation both for patients with early (P = 0.001) and metastatic breast cancer (P = 0.046) but not for CST6 and BRMS1. In early breast cancer, SOX17 promoter methylation in the EpCAM-positive CTC-fraction was associated with CK-19 mRNA expression (P = 0.006) and worse overall survival (OS) (P = 0.044). In the metastatic setting SOX17 promoter methylation in ctDNA was highly correlated with CK-19 (P = 0.04) and worse OS (Ρ = 0.016). SOX17 methylation status in CTCs and ctDNA was comparable and was associated with CK-19 expression but was not reflecting the status of primary tumours in breast cancer. DNA methylation analysis of SOX17 in CTCs and matched ctDNA provides significant prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chimonidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumour Cells Laboratory, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Areti Strati
- Analysis of Circulating Tumour Cells Laboratory, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Malamos
- Department of Pathology, Oncology Unit, Helena Venizelou Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Kouneli
- Department of Pathology, Oncology Unit, Helena Venizelou Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Georgoulias
- Laboratory of Tumour Cell Biology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Evi Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumour Cells Laboratory, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
Glioblastoma remains the most common and deadliest type of brain tumor and contains a population of self-renewing, highly tumorigenic glioma stem cells (GSCs), which contributes to tumor initiation and treatment resistance. Developmental programs participating in tissue development and homeostasis re-emerge in GSCs, supporting the development and progression of glioblastoma. SOX1 plays an important role in neural development and neural progenitor pool maintenance. Its impact on glioblastoma remains largely unknown. In this study, we have found that high levels of SOX1 observed in a subset of patients correlate with lower overall survival. At the cellular level, SOX1 expression is elevated in patient-derived GSCs and it is also higher in oncosphere culture compared to differentiation conditions in conventional glioblastoma cell lines. Moreover, genetic inhibition of SOX1 in patient-derived GSCs and conventional cell lines decreases self-renewal and proliferative capacity in vitro and tumor initiation and growth in vivo. Contrarily, SOX1 over-expression moderately promotes self-renewal and proliferation in GSCs. These functions seem to be independent of its activity as Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulator. In summary, these results identify a functional role for SOX1 in regulating glioma cell heterogeneity and plasticity, and suggest SOX1 as a potential target in the GSC population in glioblastoma.
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24
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Development and validation of a multiplex methylation specific PCR-coupled liquid bead array for liquid biopsy analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 461:156-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Guimarães-Young A, Neff T, Dupuy AJ, Goodheart MJ. Conditional deletion of Sox17 reveals complex effects on uterine adenogenesis and function. Dev Biol 2016; 414:219-27. [PMID: 27102016 PMCID: PMC5521196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The importance of canonical Wnt signaling to murine uterine development is well established. Mouse models in which uterine-specific Wnt ligands, β-catenin, or Lef1 are disrupted result in failure of postnatal endometrial gland development. Sox17 is a transcription factor characterized in numerous tissues as an antagonist of Wnt signaling. Thus, we hypothesized that conditional ablation of Sox17 would lead to hyperproliferation of endometrial glands in mice. Contrary to our prediction, disruption of Sox17 in epithelial and stromal compartments led to inhibition of endometrial adenogenesis and a loss of reproductive capacity. Epithelium-specific Sox17 disruption resulted in normal adenogenesis although reproductive capacity remained impaired. These findings suggest that non-epithelial, Sox17-positive cells are necessary for adenogenesis and that glands require Sox17 to properly function. To our knowledge, these findings are the first to implicate Sox17 in endometrial gland formation and reproductive success. The data presented herein underscore the importance of studying Sox17 in uterine homeostasis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Guimarães-Young
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Traci Neff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Adam J Dupuy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael J Goodheart
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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26
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The SOX17/miR-371-5p/SOX2 axis inhibits EMT, stem cell properties and metastasis in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9099-112. [PMID: 25868860 PMCID: PMC4496205 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and EMT-type cells, which share molecular characteristics with CSCs, have been believed to play critical roles in tumor metastasis. Although much progress has been garnered in elucidating the molecular pathways that trigger EMT, stemness and metastasis, a number of key mechanistic gaps remain elusive. In the study, miR-371-5p was obviously down-regulated in primary CRC tissues compared with matched adjacent normal mucosa and correlated significantly with differentiation, tumor size, lymphatic and liver metastases. MiR-371-5p could attenuate proliferation, invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo in CRC cells. It also suppressed EMT by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and strongly decreased the CRC stemness phenotypes. Moreover, demethylation of SOX17 induced miR-371-5p expression and consequently suppressed its direct target SOX2 in CRC cells. MiR-371-5p was necessary for SOX17 mediated cancer-related traits and SOX2 was a functional target of miR-371-5p. A positive relationship between SOX17 and miR-371-5p expression and a negative one between miR-371-5p and SOX2 expression were observed in CRC cell lines and tissues. In conclusion, we identified miR-371-5p as an important “oncosuppressor” in CRC progression and elucidated a novel mechanism of the SOX17/miR-371-5p/SOX2 axis in the regulation of EMT, stemness and metastasis, which may be a potential therapeutic target.
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27
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Balgkouranidou I, Chimonidou M, Milaki G, Tsaroucha E, Kakolyris S, Georgoulias V, Lianidou E. SOX17 promoter methylation in plasma circulating tumor DNA of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 54:1385-93. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2015-0776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSOX17 belongs to the high-mobility group-box transcription factor superfamily and down-regulates the Wnt pathway. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic significance ofWe examined the methylation status ofIn operable NSCLC,Our results show that
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28
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Mallak AJ, Abbaszadegan MR, Khorasanizadeh PN, Forghanifard MM. Contribution of EVX1 in Aggressiveness of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 22:341-7. [PMID: 26552663 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-0005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Homeobox genes play an overruling role in the regional cell fate determination during development. EVX1 is known as a new target gene of BMP signaling pathway, a group of morphogens which are making the largest subset within the transformation growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily. In this study, we aimed to enlighten the expression level of EVX1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to disclose its apparent roles in maintenance and progression of the disease. The expression level of EVX1 was analyzed in fresh tumoral tissues in comparison with distant tumor-free tissues of 50 ESCC patients using relative comparative real-time PCR. The importance of EVX1 in development and cancer was also reviewed. EVX1 was underexpressed in 70% of tumor samples. There was a significant correlation between down-regulation of EVX1 and lymph node metastasis of tumor cells (p = 0.027). Furthermore, EVX1 underexpression was significantly correlated with depth of tumor cell invasion (P = 0.037). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report highlighting EVX1 expression in ESCC to date. The clinicopathological relevance of EVX1 mRNA expression in ESCC targeted this gene as a new independent molecular marker for advanced tumor, which determine the characteristics and behavior of aggressive ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Javdani Mallak
- Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pegah Naeemi Khorasanizadeh
- Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Forghanifard
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Cheshmeh-Ali Boulevard, Sa'dei Square, P.O. Box: 3671639998, Damghan, Iran.
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29
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Wang G, Wei Z, Jia H, Zhao W, Yang G, Zhao H. Knockdown of SOX18 inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1121-8. [PMID: 26151573 PMCID: PMC4530902 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. Recent studies have demonstrated that SOX18 is highly expressed in various types of cancer. In the present study, we found that SOX18 mRNA was overexpressed in HCC compared with non-tumorous tissues. We aimed to explore the effects of SOX18 siRNA on the proliferation, invasion and migration of two HCC cell lines, MHCC97H and HepG2, which overexpress SOX18. We found that SOX18 siRNA significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Results of the Transwell assay showed that the migration and invasion of the HCC cells were markedly impaired in the SOX18-knockdown cells. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that KEGG focal adhesion and chemokine signaling pathways were correlated with SOX18 expression. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of RhoA, PDGFB, IGF1R, CCL2, CCL3 and CCL5 were decreased in the SOX18-knockdown cells. Importantly, we demonstrated that upregulation of SOX18 was associated with a poor outcome in HCC patients. These results indicate that SOX18 may serve as a prognostic factor and a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiming Wang
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Wei
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Jia
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
| | - Gaochao Yang
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
| | - Haoliang Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, P.R. China
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30
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Chang YW, Su YJ, Hsiao M, Wei KC, Lin WH, Liang CJ, Chen SC, Lee JL. Diverse Targets of β-Catenin during the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Define Cancer Stem Cells and Predict Disease Relapse. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3398-410. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Chiurillo MA. Role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in gastric cancer: An in-depth literature review. World J Exp Med 2015; 5:84-102. [PMID: 25992323 PMCID: PMC4436943 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v5.i2.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains one of the most common cancers worldwide and one of the leading cause for cancer-related deaths. Gastric adenocarcinoma is a multifactorial disease that is genetically, cytologically and architecturally more heterogeneous than other gastrointestinal carcinomas. The aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in the development and progression of a significant proportion of gastric cancer cases. This review focuses on the participation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in gastric cancer by offering an analysis of the relevant literature published in this field. Indeed, it is discussed the role of key factors in Wnt/β-catenin signaling and their downstream effectors regulating processes involved in tumor initiation, tumor growth, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Available data indicate that constitutive Wnt signalling resulting from Helicobacter pylori infection and inactivation of Wnt inhibitors (mainly by inactivating mutations and promoter hypermethylation) play an important role in gastric cancer. Moreover, a number of recent studies confirmed CTNNB1 and APC as driver genes in gastric cancer. The identification of specific membrane, intracellular, and extracellular components of the Wnt pathway has revealed potential targets for gastric cancer therapy. High-throughput “omics” approaches will help in the search for Wnt pathway antagonist in the near future.
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A rapid and accurate closed-tube Methylation-Sensitive High Resolution Melting Analysis assay for the semi-quantitative determination of SOX17 promoter methylation in clinical samples. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 444:303-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Fu D, Ren C, Tan H, Wei J, Zhu Y, He C, Shao W, Zhang J. Sox17 promoter methylation in plasma DNA is associated with poor survival and can be used as a prognostic factor in breast cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e637. [PMID: 25789956 PMCID: PMC4602484 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation that leads to the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes is known to play an important role in the development and progression of breast cancer. Methylation status of cancer-related genes is considered to be a promising biomarker for the early diagnosis and prognosis of tumors. This study investigated the methylation status of the Sox17 gene in breast cancer tissue and its corresponding plasma DNA to evaluate the association of methylation levels with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis.The methylation status of the Sox17 gene promoter was evaluated with methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) in 155 paired breast cancer tissue and plasma samples and in 60 paired normal breast tissue and plasma samples. Association of Sox17 methylation status with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed by χ tests. Overall and disease-free survival (DFS) curves were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis, and the differences between curves were analyzed by log-rank tests.The frequency of Sox17 gene methylation was 72.9% (113/155) in breast cancer tissues and 58.1% (90/155) in plasma DNA. Sox17 gene methylation was not found in normal breast tissues or in their paired plasma DNA. There was a significant correlation of Sox17 methylation between corresponding tumor tissues and paired plasma DNA (r = 0.688, P < 0.001). Aberrant Sox17 methylation in cancer tissues and in plasma DNA was significantly associated with the tumor node metastasis stage (P = 0.035 and P = 0.001, respectively) and with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that aberrant Sox17 promoter methylation in cancer tissues and plasma DNA was associated with poor DFS (P < 0.005) and overall survival (OS) (P < 0.005). Multivariate analysis showed that Sox17 methylation in plasma DNA was an independent prognostic factor in breast cancer for both DFS (P = 0.020; hazard ratio [HR] = 2.142; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.128-4.067) and for OS (P = 0.001; HR = 4.737; 95% CI: 2.088-10.747).Sox17 gene promoter methylation may play an important role in breast cancer progression and could be used as a prognostic biomarker to identify patients at risk of developing metastasis or recurrence after mastectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyuan Fu
- From the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery (DF, HT, JW, YZ, CH, WS, JZ); and Clinical Medical Testing Laboratory (CR), Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital and Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Lu J, Zhang G, Cheng Y, Tang Y, Dong Z, McElwee KJ, Li G. Reduced expression of SRY-box containing gene 17 correlates with an unfavorable melanoma patient survival. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:2571-9. [PMID: 25310020 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SRY-box containing gene 17 (Sox17), a transcription factor, is considered as an antagonist to canonical Wnt/β‑catenin signaling in several types of malignant tumors. As the influence of Sox17 in the pathogenesis of human melanoma is still unknown, the investigation of Sox17 expression in melanoma is warranted and its prognostic value is of great interest. In the present study, Sox17 expression was examined in 525 cases of melanocytic lesions (33 common acquired nevi, 59 dysplastic nevi, 291 primary melanomas and 142 metastatic melanomas) at different stages by tissue microarray. The correlation of Sox17 expression with melanoma progression and its prognostic value in melanoma patients were examined. We also analyzed the correlation between Sox17 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 expression in 374 melanoma samples. The results showed that Sox17 expression was significantly decreased in primary and metastatic melanoma compared to common acquired nevi and dysplastic nevi (P=2.4x10-17). Furthermore, Sox17 expression was inversely correlated with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage (P=4.6x10-15), thickness (P=0.00004) and ulceration (P=0.03). Notably, reduced Sox17 expression was correlated with a poorer overall and disease-specific 5- and 10-year survival of the patients. Multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that Sox17 is an independent prognostic marker for melanoma patients. Moreover, we found a significant positive correlation between Sox17 and p27 expression in melanoma biopsies; their concomitant expression was closely correlated with the survival of melanoma patients. Taken together, decreased Sox17 expression is correlated with melanoma progression, an unfavorable survival of melanoma patients and is an independent molecular prognostic factor for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Research Pavilion, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L8, Canada
| | - Guohong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Research Pavilion, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L8, Canada
| | - Yabin Cheng
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Research Pavilion, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L8, Canada
| | - Yun Tang
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Research Pavilion, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L8, Canada
| | - Ziming Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Kevin J McElwee
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Research Pavilion, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L8, Canada
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Research Pavilion, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L8, Canada
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35
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Warboys CM, Chen N, Zhang Q, Shaifta Y, Vanderslott G, Passacquale G, Hu Y, Xu Q, Ward JPT, Ferro A. Bidirectional cross-regulation between the endothelial nitric oxide synthase and β-catenin signalling pathways. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 104:116-26. [PMID: 25062958 PMCID: PMC4375405 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS β-catenin has been shown to be regulated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in endothelial cells. We investigated here whether β-catenin interacts with and regulates endothelial NOS (eNOS) and whether eNOS activation promotes β-catenin signalling. METHODS AND RESULTS We identified β-catenin as a novel eNOS binding protein in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by mass spectroscopy and western blot analyses of β-catenin and eNOS immunoprecipitates. This was confirmed by in situ proximity ligation assay. eNOS activity, assessed by cGMP production and eNOS phosphorylation (Ser1177), was enhanced in β-catenin(-/-) mouse pulmonary endothelial cells (MPECs) relative to wild-type MPECs. eNOS activation (using adenosine, salbutamol, thrombin, or histamine), or application of an NO donor (spermine NONOate) or cGMP-analogue (8-bromo-cGMP) caused nuclear translocation of β-catenin in HUVEC as shown by western blotting of nuclear extracts. Exposure to spermine NONOate, 8-bromo-cGMP, or sildenafil (a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor) also increased the expression of β-catenin-dependent transcripts, IL-8, and cyclin D1. Stimulation of wild-type MPECs with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), spermine NONOate, 8-bromo-cGMP, or sildenafil increased tube length relative to controls in an angiogenesis assay. These responses were abrogated in β-catenin(-/-) MPECs, with the exception of that to bFGF which is NO-independent. In C57BL/6 mice, subcutaneous VEGF-supplemented Matrigel plugs containing β-catenin(-/-) MPECs exhibited reduced angiogenesis compared with plugs containing wild-type MPECs. Angiogenesis was not altered in bFGF-supplemented Matrigel. CONCLUSION These data reveal bidirectional cross-talk and regulation between the NO-cGMP and β-catenin signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Warboys
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, 3.07 Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
| | - Nan Chen
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, 3.07 Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, 3.07 Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
| | - Yasin Shaifta
- Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Genevieve Vanderslott
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, 3.07 Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
| | - Gabriella Passacquale
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, 3.07 Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, 3.07 Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, 3.07 Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
| | - Jeremy P T Ward
- Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Albert Ferro
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, 3.07 Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
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36
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Yang T, Li XN, Li L, Wu QM, Gao PZ, Wang HL, Zhao W. Sox17 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression by downregulation of KIF14 expression. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11199-207. [PMID: 25106407 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sox17, an antagonist of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, inhibits several malignant carcinogenesis and progression. However, little is known about Sox17 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we found that Sox17 is downregulated in HCC tissue. Furthermore, Sox17 inhibits cell proliferation and migration in HCC. KIF14, a member of kinesin superfamily protein (KIFs), is an oncogene in a variety of malignant tumors including HCC. We demonstrated that Sox17 is negatively related to KIF14 expression in HCC tissue and Sox17 inhibits HCC cell proliferation and migration by transcriptional downregulation of KIF14 expression. Our results may provide a strategy for blocking HCC carcinogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, China
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37
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Molecular Mechanism of Gastric Carcinogenesis in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Rodent Models. Diseases 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/diseases2020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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38
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Kuo IY, Wu CC, Chang JM, Huang YL, Lin CH, Yan JJ, Sheu BS, Lu PJ, Chang WL, Lai WW, Wang YC. Low SOX17 expression is a prognostic factor and drives transcriptional dysregulation and esophageal cancer progression. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:563-73. [PMID: 24407731 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I-Ying Kuo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Ching-Chi Wu
- Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ming Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan Republic of China
- Department of Surgery; Chia-Yi Christian Hospital; Chiayi Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Yu-Lin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Chien-Hsun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jou Yan
- Department of Pathology; National Cheng Kung University Hospital; Tainan Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Bor-Shyang Sheu
- Department of Internal Medicine; National Cheng Kung University Hospital; Tainan Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Pei-Jung Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Wei-Lun Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine; National Cheng Kung University Hospital; Tainan Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Wu-Wei Lai
- Department of Surgery; National Cheng Kung University Hospital; Tainan Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan Republic of China
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39
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Wang LS, Kuo CT, Huang THM, Yearsley M, Oshima K, Stoner GD, Yu J, Lechner JF, Huang YW. Black raspberries protectively regulate methylation of Wnt pathway genes in precancerous colon tissue. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:1317-27. [PMID: 24129635 PMCID: PMC3902171 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is frequently an intermediate step to colon cancer. The interleukin-10 knockout mouse is a genetic model of this progression. We report that knockout mice fed 5% black raspberries (BRB) had significantly less colonic ulceration as compared with knockout mice that consumed the control diet. Dysfunction of the Wnt signaling pathway is a key event in ulcerative colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the effects of BRBs on the Wnt pathway and found that the BRB-fed knockout mice exhibited a significantly lower level of β-catenin nuclear translocation. We followed-up this observation by evaluating the effect of BRBs on selected Wnt pathway antagonists. The mRNA expression levels of wif1, sox17, and qki were diminished in the knockout mice, whereas they were expressed at normal levels in knockout mice that were fed BRBs. The lower mRNA expression of these genes in the colon from the knockout mice correlated with hypermethylation of their promoter regions; BRBs decreased their promoter methylation and increased mRNA expression of these genes. This hypomethylation was associated with elevated protein expression of key proteins/enzymes that augment methylation, for example, dnmt3b, hdac1, hdac2, and mbd2 in the knockout mice; in addition, BRBs decreased the protein expression of these proteins/enzymes. The knockout mouse model recapitulates what occurs in human ulcerative colitis. Promoter methylation of CDH1 and SFRP1 was significantly higher in human ulcerative colitis tissues compared with their adjacent normal tissues. In conclusion, our results suggest that BRBs inhibit colonic ulceration and, ultimately, colon cancer partly through inhibiting aberrant epigenetic events that dysregulate Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shu Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, TBRC, Room C4930, Milwaukee, WI 53226.
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40
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Interleukin-1β induced by Helicobacter pylori infection enhances mouse gastric carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 2013; 340:141-7. [PMID: 23920123 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (Il1b) is considered to be involved in Helicobacter pylori (HP)-induced human gastric carcinogenesis, while the role of its polymorphisms in gastric cancer susceptibility remains controversial. Here, we aimed to clarify the role of HP infection-induced IL1B in gastric inflammation and carcinogenesis using Il1b(-/-) (Il1b-null) mice. In gastric mucosa of the Il1b(+/+) (WT) mice, HP infection induced Il1b expression and severe inflammation. In contrast, in Il1b-null mice, recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages by HP infection was markedly suppressed. In a carcinogenicity test, the multiplicity of gastric tumors was significantly suppressed in theIl1b-null mice (58% of WT; P<0.005). Mechanistically, HP infection induced NF-κB activation both in the inflammatory and epithelial cells in gastric mucosae, and the activation was attenuated in the Il1b-null mice. Accordingly, increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells induced by HP infection in the WT mice were attenuated in the Il1b-null mice. These results demonstrated that the IL1B physiologically induced by HP infection enhanced gastric carcinogenesis by affecting both inflammatory and epithelial cells.
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41
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Lianidou ES, Markou A, Strati A. Molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer: challenges and promises for individualized cancer treatment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2013; 31:663-71. [PMID: 22692478 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-012-9366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Blood testing using Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) has emerged as one of the hottest fields in cancer diagnosis. Research on CTCs present nowadays a challenge, as these cells are well defined targets for understanding tumour biology and improving cancer treatment. The presence of tumor cells in patient's bone marrow or peripheral blood is an early indicator of metastasis and may signal tumor spread sooner than clinical symptoms appear and imaging results confirm a poor prognosis. CTC enumeration can serve as a "liquid biopsy" and an early marker to assess response to systemic therapy. Definition of biomarkers based on comprehensive characterization of CTCs has a strong potential to be translated to individualized targeted treatments and spare breast cancer patients unnecessary and ineffective therapies but also to reduce the costs for the health system and to downsize the extent and length of clinical studies. In this review, we briefly summarize recent studies on the molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer and discuss challenges and promises of CTCs for individualized cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi S Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece.
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42
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Chen HL, Chew LJ, Packer RJ, Gallo V. Modulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in human oligodendroglioma cells by Sox17 regulates proliferation and differentiation. Cancer Lett 2013; 335:361-71. [PMID: 23474492 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrogliomas originate from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), whose development is regulated by the Sonic hedgehog and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways. We investigated the contribution of these pathways in the proliferation and differentiation of human oligodendroglioma cells (HOG). Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling with cyclopamine decreased cell survival and increased phosphorylated beta-catenin without altering myelin protein levels. Conversely, treatment of HOG with the Wnt antagonist secreted frizzled related protein (SFRP1), led to increased myelin protein levels and reduced cell proliferation, suggesting cell cycle arrest and differentiation. Unlike normal primary human OPCs, beta-catenin in HOG cells is not associated with endogenous Sox17 protein despite high levels of both proteins. Retroviral overexpression of recombinant Sox17 increased HOG cell cycle exit and apoptosis, and raised myelin protein levels and the percentage of O4(+) cells, indicating increased differentiation. Recombinant Sox17 also increased beta-catenin-TCF4-Sox17 complex formation and decreased total cellular levels of beta-catenin. These changes were associated with increased SFRP1, and reduced expression of Wnt-1 and Frizzled-1, -3 and -7 RNA, indicating that Sox17 induced a Hedgehog target, and regulated Wnt signaling at multiple levels. Our studies indicate that Wnt signaling regulates HOG cell cycle arrest and differentiation, and that recombinant Sox17 mediates modulation of the Wnt pathway through changes in beta-catenin, SFRP1 and Wnt/Frizzled expression. Our results thus identify Sox17 as a potential molecular target to include in HOG therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Chen
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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Hoshiko S, Kawaguchi M, Fukushima T, Haruyama Y, Yorita K, Tanaka H, Seiki M, Inatsu H, Kitamura K, Kataoka H. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 is a suppressor of intestinal tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2013; 73:2659-70. [PMID: 23447577 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1/SPINT1) is a membrane-bound serine protease inhibitor expressed on the surface of epithelial cells. Although HAI-1/SPINT1 is abundantly expressed in the intestinal epithelium, its role in intestinal tumorigenesis is not known. In this study, we investigated the role of Hai-1/Spint1 in intestinal tumorigenesis using mouse models. The membranous Hai-1/Spint1 immunoreactivity was decreased in murine Apc(Min/+) tumors and also in carcinogen (azoxymethane treatment followed by dextran sodium sulfate administration)-induced colon tumors compared with the adjacent non-neoplastic epithelium. The decreased immunoreactivity appeared to be due to sheddase activity of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloprotease. Then, we examined the effect of intestine-specific deletion of Spint1 gene on Apc(Min/+) mice. The loss of Hai-1/Spint1 significantly accelerated tumor formation in Apc(Min/+) mice and shortened their survival periods. Activation of HGF was enhanced in Hai-1/Spint1-deficient Apc(Min/+) intestine. Gene expression profiling revealed upregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling circuit, claudin-2 expression, and angiogenesis not only in tumor tissue but also in the background mucosa without macroscopic tumors in Hai-1/Spint1-deficient Apc(Min/+) intestine. Intestinal deletion of Spint1 also enhanced the susceptibility to carcinogen-induced colon tumorigenicity of wild-type Apc mice. Our findings suggest that HAI-1/SPINT1 has a crucial role in suppressing intestinal tumorigenesis, which implies a novel link between epithelial cell surface serine protease inhibitors and protection from carcinogenic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinri Hoshiko
- Authors' Affiliations: Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Section of Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki; and Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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SOX15 is a candidate tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer with a potential role in Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Oncogene 2013; 33:279-88. [PMID: 23318427 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is among the top five deadliest cancers in developed countries. Better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms contributing to its tumorigenesis is imperative to improve patient prognosis. Identification of novel tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in pancreatic cancer will reveal new mechanisms of pathway deregulation and will ultimately help improve our understanding of this aggressive disease. According to Knudson's two-hit model, TSGs are classically disrupted by two concerted genetic events. In this study, we combined DNA methylation profiling with copy number and mRNA expression profiling to identify novel TSGs in a set of 20 pancreatic cancer cell lines. These data sets were integrated for each of ∼12 000 genes in each cell line enabling the elucidation of those genes that undergo DNA hypermethylation, copy-number loss and mRNA downregulation simultaneously in multiple cell lines. Using this integrative genomics strategy, we identified SOX15 (sex determining region Y-box 15) as a candidate TSG in pancreatic cancer. Expression of SOX15 in pancreatic cancer cell lines with undetectable expression resulted in reduced viability of cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo demonstrating its tumor suppressive capability. We also found reduced expression, homozygous deletion and aberrant DNA methylation of SOX15 in clinical pancreatic tumor data sets. Furthermore, we deduced a novel role for SOX15 in suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which we hypothesize is a pathway through which SOX15 may exert its tumor suppressive effects in pancreatic cancer.
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45
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Hu XT, He C. Recent progress in the study of methylated tumor suppressor genes in gastric cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2013; 32:31-41. [PMID: 22059906 PMCID: PMC3845584 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.011.10175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies and a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The pathogenesis mechanisms of gastric cancer are still not fully clear. Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes caused by genetic and epigenetic alterations are known to play significant roles in carcinogenesis. Accumulating evidence has shown that epigenetic silencing of the tumor suppressor genes, particularly caused by hypermethylation of CpG islands in promoters, is critical to carcinogenesis and metastasis. Here, we review the recent progress in the study of methylations of tumor suppressor genes involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. We also briefly describe the mechanisms that induce tumor suppressor gene methylation and the status of translating these molecular mechanisms into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Hu
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province,
| | - Chao He
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province,
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P. R. China.
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46
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Chimonidou M, Strati A, Malamos N, Georgoulias V, Lianidou ES. SOX17 Promoter Methylation in Circulating Tumor Cells and Matched Cell-Free DNA Isolated from Plasma of Patients with Breast Cancer. Clin Chem 2013; 59:270-9. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2012.191551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the peripheral blood of patients with solid tumors has been widely studied for the early detection of metastatic spread. We evaluated whether there was an association between the origin of cfDNA and CTCs. We investigated whether SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 17 (SOX17) promoter methylation in CTCs was associated with the methylation pattern of this gene in matched cfDNA isolated from plasma of patients with breast cancer.
METHODS
We examined SOX17 methylation in 79 primary breast tumors, in 114 paired samples of DNA isolated from CTCs and cfDNA, and in 60 healthy individuals. Isolated DNA was modified by sodium bisulfite and subjected to methylation specific PCR.
RESULTS
The SOX17 promoter was methylated in 68 (86.0%) of 79 of primary breast tumors. In CTCs, SOX17 was methylated in 19 (34.5%) of 55 patients with early breast cancer, 27 (45.8%) of 59 patients with metastatic cancer, and 1 (4.3%) of 23 healthy individuals, whereas in matched cfDNA SOX17 was methylated in 19 (34.5%) of 55, 24 (40.7%) of 59, and 1 (2.0%) of 49 of these same groups, respectively. There was a significant correlation between SOX17 methylation in cfDNA and CTCs in patients with early breast cancer (P = 0.008), but not in patients with verified metastasis (P = 0.283).
CONCLUSIONS
The SOX17 promoter is highly methylated in primary breast tumors, in CTCs isolated from patients with breast cancer, and in corresponding cfDNA samples. Our findings indicate a direct connection between the presence of CTCs and cfDNA in patients with operable breast cancer, after surgical removal of the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chimonidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Laboratory, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Areti Strati
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Laboratory, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Malamos
- Medical Oncology Unit, Elena Venizelou Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilis Georgoulias
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Evi S Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Laboratory, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Castillo SD, Sanchez-Cespedes M. The SOX family of genes in cancer development: biological relevance and opportunities for therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16:903-19. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2012.709239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hong SM, Omura N, Vincent A, Li A, Knight S, Yu J, Hruban RH, Goggins M. Genome-wide CpG island profiling of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 18:700-12. [PMID: 22173550 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) are precursors to infiltrating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Widespread epigenetic alterations are characteristic of many cancers, yet few studies have systematically analyzed epigenetic alterations of neoplastic precursors. Our goal was to conduct genome-wide CpG island methylation profiling to identify aberrantly methylated loci in IPMNs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We compared the CpG island methylation profiles of six IPMNs to normal primary pancreatic duct samples using methylation CpG island amplification (MCA) and Agilent CpG island microarray (MCAM) analysis. When selected 13 genes identified as differentially methylated by MCAM for methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis in an independent set of IPMNs and normal pancreas samples and conducted expression analysis of selected genes. RESULTS We identified 2,259 loci as differentially methylated in at least one of six IPMNs including 245 genes hypermethylated in IPMNs with high-grade dysplasia compared with normal pancreatic duct samples. Eleven of 13 genes evaluated by MSP were more commonly methylated in 61 IPMNs than in 43 normal pancreas samples. Several genes (BNIP3, PTCHD2, SOX17, NXPH1, EBF3) were significantly more likely to be methylated in IPMNs with high-grade than with low-grade dysplasia. One gene, SOX17, showed loss of protein expression by immunohistochemistry in 22% (19 of 88) of IPMNs. The most specific marker, BNIP3, was not methylated in any IPMNs with low-grade dysplasia or in normal pancreas samples. CONCLUSIONS IPMNs undergo extensive aberrant CpG island hypermethylation. The detection of genes selectively methylated in high-grade IPMNs such as BNIP3 may have use in the clinical evaluation of IPMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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Oishi Y, Watanabe Y, Yoshida Y, Sato Y, Hiraishi T, Oikawa R, Maehata T, Suzuki H, Toyota M, Niwa H, Suzuki M, Itoh F. Hypermethylation of Sox17 gene is useful as a molecular diagnostic application in early gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2011; 33:383-93. [PMID: 22161215 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although minimal invasive treatment is widely accepted in the early stages of gastric cancer (GCa), we still do not have any appropriate risk markers to detect residual neoplasia and the potential for recurrence. We previously reported that aberrant DNA methylation is an early and frequent process in gastric carcinogenesis and could be useful for the detection of gastric neoplasia. Our goal is to find and identify some candidate genes, using genome-wide DNA methylation analysis, as a treatment marker for early gastric cancer (EGC). We performed methylated CpG island amplification microarray analysis using 12 gastric washes (six each of pre- and post-endoscopic treatment in each of the same patients). We finally focused on Sox17 gene. We examined the DNA methylation status of Sox17 in a validation set consisting of 128 wash samples (pre, 64; post, 64) at EGC. We next carried out functional studies to identify Sox17. Sox17 showed significant differential methylation between pre- and post-treatments in EGC patients (Sox17, p < 0.0001). Moreover, treating GCa cells that lacked Sox17 expression with a methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, restored the gene's expression. Additionally, the introduction of exogenous Sox17 into silenced cells suppressed colony formation. Gastric wash-based DNA methylation analysis could be useful for early detection of recurrence following endoscopic resection in EGC patients. Our data suggest that the silencing of Sox17 occurs frequently in EGC and may play a key role in the development and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshichika Oishi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamaeku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
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Abstract
Maturation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from fetal to adult state and differentiation to progenitors are thought to follow a one-way street. In this issue of Genes & Development, He and colleagues (pp. 1613-1627) show that overexpression of Sox17 can convert adult multipotential progenitors to self-renewing HSCs that possess fetal properties. These findings challenge the irreversibility of hematopoietic development, and open up new perspectives to understand the different forms of HSC self-renewal at distinct stages of ontogeny and during transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Chhabra
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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