1
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Kodama T, Takehara T. Molecular Genealogy of Metabolic-associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 2024; 44:147-158. [PMID: 38499207 PMCID: PMC11245329 DOI: 10.1055/a-2289-2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
This review examines the latest epidemiological and molecular pathogenic findings of metabolic-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its increasing prevalence is a significant concern and reflects the growing burden of obesity and metabolic diseases, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes. Metabolic-associated HCC has unique molecular abnormality and distinctive gene expression patterns implicating aberrations in bile acid, fatty acid metabolism, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory pathways. Furthermore, a notable frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes such as patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3, transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2, glucokinase regulator, and membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 7 has been observed. The tumor immune microenvironment of metabolic-associated HCC is characterized by unique phenotypes of macrophages, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes. Additionally, the pathogenesis of metabolic-associated HCC is influenced by abnormal lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and dysbiosis. In conclusion, deciphering the intricate interactions among metabolic processes, genetic predispositions, inflammatory responses, immune regulation, and microbial ecology is imperative for the development of novel therapeutic and preventative measures against metabolic-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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2
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Makiso MU, Tola YB, Ogah O, Endale FL. Bioactive compounds in coffee and their role in lowering the risk of major public health consequences: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:734-764. [PMID: 38370073 PMCID: PMC10867520 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This article addresses the bioactive components in coffee aroma, their metabolism, and the mechanism of action in lowering the risk of various potential health problems. The main bioactive components involved in the perceived aroma of coffee and its related health benefits are caffeine, chlorogenic acid (CGA), trigonelline, diterpenes, and melanoids. These compounds are involved in various physiological activities. Caffeine has been shown to have anticancer properties, as well as the ability to prevent the onset and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and to be anti-inflammatory. CGA exhibits antioxidant action and is implicated in gut health, neurodegenerative disease protection, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease prevention. Furthermore, together with diterpenes, CGA has been linked to anticancer activity. Trigonelline, on the other side, has been found to lower oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and scavenging reactive oxygen species. It also prevents the formation of kidney stones. Diterpenes and melanoids possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, respectively. Consuming three to four cups of filtered coffee per day, depending on an individual's physiological condition and health status, has been linked to a lower risk of several degenerative diseases. Despite their health benefits, excessive coffee intake above the recommended daily dosage, calcium and vitamin D deficiency, and unfiltered coffee consumption all increase the risk of potential health concerns. In conclusion, moderate coffee consumption lowers the risk of different noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markos Urugo Makiso
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest TechnologyCollege of Agricultural SciencesWachemo UniversityHossanaEthiopia
- Department of Postharvest ManagementCollege of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineJimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia
| | - Yetenayet Bekele Tola
- Department of Postharvest ManagementCollege of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineJimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia
| | - Onwuchekwa Ogah
- Department of Applied BiologyEbonyi State UniversityIsiekeNigeria
| | - Fitsum Liben Endale
- Department of Public HealthCollege of Medicine and Health SciencesWachemo UniversityHossanaEthiopia
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3
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Penrice DD, Jalan-Sakrikar N, Jurk D, Passos JF, Simonetto DA. Telomere dysfunction in chronic liver disease: The link from aging. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00410. [PMID: 37102475 PMCID: PMC10848919 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. Penrice
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nidhi Jalan-Sakrikar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Diana Jurk
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - João F. Passos
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Douglas A. Simonetto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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4
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Ng GYQ, Hande V, Ong MH, Wong BWX, Loh ZWL, Ho WD, Handison LB, Tan IMSP, Fann DY, Arumugam TV, Hande MP. Effects of dietary interventions on telomere dynamics. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 876-877:503472. [PMID: 35483787 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres play a critical role in maintaining cellular fate through tight regulation of cell division and DNA damage or repair. Over the years, it is established that biological ageing is defined by a gradual derangement in functionality, productivity, and robustness of biological processes. The link between telomeres and ageing is highlighted when derangement in telomere biology often leads to premature ageing and concomitant accompaniment of numerous age-associated diseases. Unfortunately, given that ageing is a biologically complicated intricacy, measures to reduce morbidity and improve longevity are still largely in the infancy stage. Recently, it was discovered that dietary habits and interventions might play a role in promoting successful healthy ageing. The intricate relationship between dietary components and its potential to protect the integrity of telomeres may provide unprecedented health benefits and protection against age-related pathologies. However, more focused prospective and follow-up studies with and without interventions are needed to unequivocally link dietary interventions with telomere maintenance in humans. This review aims to summarise recent findings that investigate the roles of nutrition on telomere biology and provide enough evidence for further studies to consider the topic of nutrigenomics and its contributions toward healthy ageing and concomitant strategy against age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Yong-Quan Ng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Varsha Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Hui Ong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Beverly Wen-Xin Wong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zachary Wai-Loon Loh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei D Ho
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lionel B Handison
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - David Y Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - M Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India; Mangalore University, Mangalore, India.
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5
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Abstract
Short telomere syndrome is a genetically inherited syndrome resulting in premature telomere shortening. This premature shortening of telomeres can result in hematologic, pulmonary, vascular, gastrointestinal, and hepatic manifestations of disease. Identifying patients with short telomere syndrome can be a clinical challenge due to the multitude of potential manifestations and lack of widely available diagnostic tests. In this review, we will highlight hepatic manifestations of short telomere syndrome with a focus on diagnosis, testing, and potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Penrice
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Douglas A Simonetto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
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6
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Lombardo D, Saitta C, Giosa D, Di Tocco FC, Musolino C, Caminiti G, Chines V, Franzè MS, Alibrandi A, Navarra G, Raimondo G, Pollicino T. Frequency of somatic mutations in TERT promoter, TP53 and CTNNB1 genes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma from Southern Italy. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2368-2374. [PMID: 32194736 PMCID: PMC7039085 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations in the TERT promoter and in the TP53 and CTNNB1 genes are considered drivers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. They show variable frequencies in different geographic areas, possibly depending on liver disease etiology and environmental factors. TP53, CTNNB1 and TERT genetic mutations were investigated in tumor and non-tumor liver tissues from 67 patients with HCC and liver tissue specimens from 41 control obese subjects from Southern Italy. Furthermore, TERT expression was assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Neither CTNNB1 mutations or TP53 R249S substitution were detected in any case. The TP53 R72P polymorphism was found in 10/67 (14.9%) tumors, but was not found in either non-tumor tissues (P=0.001) or controls (P=0.009). TERT gene promoter mutations were found in 29/67 (43.3%) tumor tissues but were not found in either non-tumor (P<0.0001) or control liver specimens (P<0.0001). The most frequent mutation in the tumors was the known hot spot at -124 bp from the TERT ATG start site (-124G>A, 28 cases, 41.8%; P<0.0001). A new previously never reported TERT promoter mutation (at -297 bp from the ATG, -297C>T) was found in 5/67 (7.5%) tumors, in 0/67 (0%) non-tumor (P<0.0001), and in 0/41 (0%) controls (P=0.07). This mutation creates an AP2 consensus sequence, and was found alone (1 case) or in combination (4 cases) with the -124 bp mutation. The mutation at -124 and -297 bp induced a 33-fold (P<0.0001) and 40-fold increase of TERT expression levels, respectively. When both mutations were present, TERT expression levels were increased >300-fold (P=0.001). A new TERT promoter mutation was identified, which generates a de novo binding motif for AP2 transcription factors, and which significantly increases TERT promoter transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lombardo
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital 'G. Martino' of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital 'G. Martino' of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Carlo Saitta
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital 'G. Martino' of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital 'G. Martino' of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Giosa
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital 'G. Martino' of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital 'G. Martino' of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Casuscelli Di Tocco
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital 'G. Martino' of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital 'G. Martino' of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Musolino
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital 'G. Martino' of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital 'G. Martino' of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caminiti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital 'G. Martino' of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria Chines
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital 'G. Martino' of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital 'G. Martino' of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Franzè
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital 'G. Martino' of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital 'G. Martino' of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, University Hospital 'G. Martino' of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Navarra
- Department of Human Pathology, University Hospital 'G. Martino' of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Raimondo
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital 'G. Martino' of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital 'G. Martino' of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Pollicino
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital 'G. Martino' of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy.,Department of Human Pathology, University Hospital 'G. Martino' of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
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7
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de Melo Pereira GV, de Carvalho Neto DP, Magalhães Júnior AI, do Prado FG, Pagnoncelli MGB, Karp SG, Soccol CR. Chemical composition and health properties of coffee and coffee by-products. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2020; 91:65-96. [PMID: 32035601 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coffee can be an ally in the fight against diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cancer, hepatic injury, cirrhosis, depression, suicidal behavior, and neurological and cardiovascular disorders. The properties of coffee also favor gastrointestinal tract and gut microbiota establishment. Coffee bioactive components include phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acids, cafestol and kahweol), alkaloids (caffeine and trigonelin), diterpenes (cafestol and kahweol) and other secondary metabolites. The image of coffee as a super functional food has helped to increase coffee consumption across the globe. This chapter addresses the main health promotion mechanisms associated with coffee consumption. Related topics on coffee production chain, world consumption and reuse of coffee by-products in the production of high-value-adding molecules with potential applications in the food industry are addressed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto V de Melo Pereira
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Dão Pedro de Carvalho Neto
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Antonio I Magalhães Júnior
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Guilherme do Prado
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Giovana B Pagnoncelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology-Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Susan Grace Karp
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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8
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The role of telomeres and telomerase in cirrhosis and liver cancer. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:544-558. [PMID: 31253940 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase is a key enzyme for cell survival that prevents telomere shortening and the subsequent cellular senescence that is observed after many rounds of cell division. In contrast, inactivation of telomerase is observed in most cells of the adult liver. Absence of telomerase activity and shortening of telomeres has been implicated in hepatocyte senescence and the development of cirrhosis, a chronic liver disease that can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. During hepatocarcinogenesis, telomerase reactivation is required to enable the uncontrolled cell proliferation that leads to malignant transformation and HCC development. Part of the telomerase complex, telomerase reverse transcriptase, is encoded by TERT, and several mechanisms of telomerase reactivation have been described in HCC that include somatic TERT promoter mutations, TERT amplification, TERT translocation and viral insertion into the TERT gene. An understanding of the role of telomeres and telomerase in HCC development is important to develop future targeted therapies and improve survival of this disease. In this Review, the roles of telomeres and telomerase in liver carcinogenesis are discussed, in addition to their potential translation to clinical practice as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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9
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Short SP, Barrett CW, Stengel KR, Revetta FL, Choksi YA, Coburn LA, Lintel MK, McDonough EM, Washington MK, Wilson KT, Prokhortchouk E, Chen X, Hiebert SW, Reynolds AB, Williams CS. Kaiso is required for MTG16-dependent effects on colitis-associated carcinoma. Oncogene 2019; 38:5091-5106. [PMID: 30858547 PMCID: PMC6586520 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The myeloid translocation gene family member MTG16 is a transcriptional corepressor that relies on the DNA-binding ability of other proteins to determine specificity. One such protein is the ZBTB family member Kaiso, and the MTG16:Kaiso interaction is necessary for repression of Kaiso target genes such as matrix metalloproteinase-7. Using the azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) murine model of colitis-associated carcinoma, we previously determined that MTG16 loss accelerates tumorigenesis and inflammation. However, it was unknown whether this effect was modified by Kaiso-dependent transcriptional repression. To test for a genetic interaction between MTG16 and Kaiso in inflammatory carcinogenesis, we subjected single and double knockout (DKO) mice to the AOM/DSS protocol. Mtg16−/− mice demonstrated increased colitis and tumor burden; in contrast, disease severity in Kaiso−/− mice was equivalent to wild type controls. Surprisingly, Kaiso deficiency in the context of MTG16 loss reversed injury and pro-tumorigenic responses in the intestinal epithelium following AOM/DSS treatment, and tumor numbers were returned to near to wild type levels. Transcriptomic analysis of non-tumor colon tissue demonstrated that changes induced by MTG16 loss were widely mitigated by concurrent Kaiso loss, and DKO mice demonstrated downregulation of metabolism and cytokine-associated gene sets with concurrent activation of DNA damage checkpoint pathways as compared with Mtg16−/−. Further, Kaiso knockdown in intestinal enteroids reduced stem- and WNT-associated phenotypes, thus abrogating the induction of these pathways observed in Mtg16−/− samples. Together, these data suggest that Kaiso modifies MTG16-driven inflammation and tumorigenesis and suggests that Kaiso deregulation contributes to MTG16-dependent colitis and CAC phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah P Short
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Caitlyn W Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kristy R Stengel
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Frank L Revetta
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Yash A Choksi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Lori A Coburn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Mary K Lintel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Elizabeth M McDonough
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Our Lady of the Lake Children's Hospital, Baton Rouge, TN, 70808, USA
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Egor Prokhortchouk
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Scott W Hiebert
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Albert B Reynolds
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Christopher S Williams
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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10
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Nault JC, Zucman-Rossi J. TERT promoter mutations in primary liver tumors. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2016; 40:9-14. [PMID: 26336998 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing has drawn the genetic landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma and several signaling pathways are altered at the DNA level in tumors: Wnt/β-catenin, cell cycle regulator, epigenetic modifier, histone methyltransferase, oxidative stress, ras/raf/map kinase and akt/mtor pathways. Hepatocarcinogenesis is a multistep process starting with the exposure to different risk factors, followed by the development of a chronic liver disease and cirrhosis precede in the vast majority of the cases the development of HCC. Several lines of evidence have underlined the pivotal role of telomere maintenance in both cirrhosis and HCC pathogenesis. TERT promoter mutations were identified as the most frequent genetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma with an overall frequency around 60%. Moreover, in cirrhosis, TERT promoter mutations are observed at the early steps of hepatocarcinogenesis since they are recurrently identified in low-grade and high-grade dysplastic nodules. In contrast, acquisition of genomic diversity through mutations of classical oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TP53, CTNNB1, ARID1A…) occurred only in progressed HCC. In normal liver, a subset of HCC can derived from the malignant transformation of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA). In HCA, CTNNB1 mutations predispose to transformation of HCA in HCC and TERT promoter mutations are required in most of the cases as a second hit for a full malignant transformation. All these findings have refined our knowledge of HCC pathogenesis and have pointed telomerase as a target for tailored therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Nault
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des Tumeurs solides, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75010 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, 93000 Bobigny, France; Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris - Seine-Saint-Denis, Site Jean-Verdier, Pôle d'Activité Cancérologique Spécialisée, Service d'Hépatologie, 93143 Bondy, France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des Tumeurs solides, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75010 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, 93000 Bobigny, France; Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France; Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France.
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11
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Moon JY, Kim SW, Yun GM, Lee HS, Kim YD, Jeong GJ, Ullah I, Rho GJ, Jeon BG. Inhibition of cell growth and down-regulation of telomerase activity by amygdalin in human cancer cell lines. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2015.1060261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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12
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Sunami Y, von Figura G, Kleger A, Strnad P, Hüser N, Hartmann D. The role of telomeres in liver disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 125:159-72. [PMID: 24993702 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-397898-1.00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres stabilize open chromosome ends and protect them against chromosomal end-to-end fusions, breakage, instability, and nonreciprocal translocations. Telomere dysfunction is known to lead to an impaired regenerative capacity of hepatocytes and an increased cirrhosis formation in the context of acute and chronic liver injury. In addition, telomere dysfunction and telomerase mutations have been associated with the induction of chromosomal instability and consequently with cirrhosis development and hepatocarcinogenesis. The identification of molecular mechanisms related to telomere dysfunction and telomerase activation might lead to new therapeutic strategies. In this chapter, we are reviewing the current knowledge about the importance of telomere dysfunction in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Sunami
- Department of General Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido von Figura
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Department of Internal Medicine III and IZKF, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Norbert Hüser
- Department of General Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Hartmann
- Department of General Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Hartmann D, von Figura G, Song Z, Harden S, Scott LC, Evans TRJ, Rudolph KL, Bilsland AE, Keith WN. Plasma N-acetyl-glucosaminidase in advanced gastro-intestinal adenocarcinoma correlates with age, stage and outcome. Future Oncol 2015; 11:193-203. [PMID: 25040106 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) is a potential marker of genotoxicity. We retrospectively analyzed plasma NAG and clinico-pathologic features in advanced gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma patients. METHODS Plasma from 118 patients and 51 healthy volunteers was analyzed for associations between NAG levels and age, disease presence, stage, treatment responses and survival. RESULTS Pretreatment NAG correlated with age but was independently increased in metastatic versus locally advanced disease, particularly in gastric/esophageal patients. NAG was also associated with reduced overall survival. In subgroup analysis, increased NAG activity between day 1 and 2 of chemotherapy cycle 1 correlated with treatment response. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that NAG correlates with gastrointestinal cancer outcomes. Further studies are required to determine if plasma markers of genotoxicity can be useful for disease monitoring.
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Abstract
Telomeres form protective caps at the ends of linear chromosomes to prevent nucleolytic degradation, end-to-end fusion, irregular recombination, and chromosomal instability. Telomeres are composed of repetitive DNA sequences (TTAGGG)n in humans, that are bound by specialized telomere binding proteins. Telomeres lose capping function in response to telomere shortening, which occurs during each division of cells that lack telomerase activity-the enzyme that can synthesize telomeres de novo. Telomeres have a dual role in cancer: telomere shortening can lead to induction of chromosomal instability and to the initiation of tumors, however, initiated tumors need to reactivate telomerase in order to stabilize chromosomes and to gain immortal growth capacity. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the role of telomeres in the maintenance of chromosomal stability and carcinogenesis.
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Nault JC, Mallet M, Pilati C, Calderaro J, Bioulac-Sage P, Laurent C, Laurent A, Cherqui D, Balabaud C, Zucman-Rossi J, Zucman Rossi J. High frequency of telomerase reverse-transcriptase promoter somatic mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma and preneoplastic lesions. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2218. [PMID: 23887712 PMCID: PMC3731665 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 606] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations activating telomerase reverse-trancriptase promoter were recently identified in several tumour types. Here we identify frequent similar mutations in human hepatocellular carcinomas (59%), cirrhotic preneoplastic macronodules (25%) and hepatocellular adenomas with malignant transformation in hepatocellular carcinomas (44%). In hepatocellular tumours, telomerase reverse-transcripase- and CTNNB1-activating mutations are significantly associated. Moreover, preliminary data suggest that telomerase reverse-trancriptase promoter mutations can increase the expression of telomerase transcript. In conclusion, telomerase reverse-trancriptase promoter mutation is the earliest recurrent genetic event identified in cirrhotic preneoplastic lesions so far and is also the most frequent genetic alteration in hepatocellular carcinomas, arising from both the cirrhotic or non-cirrhotic liver. Telomerase reverse-trancriptase promoter mutations have been recently found in human melanomas. Here, Nault et al. identify telomerase reverse-trancriptase promoter mutations as the most frequent somatic genetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinomas and as the first mutation identified in cirrhotic preneoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Charles Nault
- Inserm, UMR-674, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, IUH, Paris F-75010, France
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High frequency of telomerase reverse-transcriptase promoter somatic mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma and preneoplastic lesions. Nat Commun 2013. [PMID: 23887712 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3218.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations activating telomerase reverse-trancriptase promoter were recently identified in several tumour types. Here we identify frequent similar mutations in human hepatocellular carcinomas (59%), cirrhotic preneoplastic macronodules (25%) and hepatocellular adenomas with malignant transformation in hepatocellular carcinomas (44%). In hepatocellular tumours, telomerase reverse-transcripase- and CTNNB1-activating mutations are significantly associated. Moreover, preliminary data suggest that telomerase reverse-trancriptase promoter mutations can increase the expression of telomerase transcript. In conclusion, telomerase reverse-trancriptase promoter mutation is the earliest recurrent genetic event identified in cirrhotic preneoplastic lesions so far and is also the most frequent genetic alteration in hepatocellular carcinomas, arising from both the cirrhotic or non-cirrhotic liver.
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Cardin R, Piciocchi M, Tieppo C, Maddalo G, Zaninotto G, Mescoli C, Rugge M, Farinati F. Oxidative DNA damage in Barrett mucosa: correlation with telomeric dysfunction and p53 mutation. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 20 Suppl 3:S583-9. [PMID: 23744553 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barrett esophagus develops in a scenario of chronic inflammation, linked to free radical formation and oxidative DNA damage. Eight-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, the main oxidative DNA adduct, is partially repaired by a glycosylase (OGG1) whose polymorphism is associated to a reduced repair capacity. Telomeres are particularly prone to oxidative damage, which leads to shortening and cell senescence, while elongation, by telomerase activity, is linked to cell immortalization and cancer. Limited data are available on this point with respect to Barrett esophagus. This study aimed to evaluate the link among 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, OGG1 polymorphism, telomerase activity, telomere length, and p53 mutation in Barrett progression. METHODS Forty consecutive patients with short- and long-segment Barrett esophagus and 20 controls with gastroesophageal reflux disease without Barrett esophagus were recruited. Analysis of biopsy samples was undertaken to study 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels, OGG1 polymorphism, telomerase activity, and telomere length. Serum samples were obtained for p53 mutation. RESULTS Controls had significantly lower levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and telomerase activity, with normal telomere length and no p53 mutation. In short-segment Barrett esophagus, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels were higher and telomeres underwent significant shortening, with stimulation of telomerase activity but no p53 mutations. In long-segment Barrett esophagus, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine reached maximal levels, with telomere elongation, and 42 % of the patients showed p53 mutation. CONCLUSIONS In Barrett patients, with disease progression, oxidative DNA damage accumulates, causing telomere instability, telomerase activation, and, in a late phase, mutations in the p53 gene, thus abrogating its activity as the checkpoint of proliferation and apoptosis, and facilitating progression to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romilda Cardin
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padua University, Padua, Italy
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18
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Cardin R, Piciocchi M, Martines D, Scribano L, Petracco M, Farinati F. Effects of coffee consumption in chronic hepatitis C: a randomized controlled trial. Dig Liver Dis 2013; 45:499-504. [PMID: 23238034 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2012.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coffee is associated with a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic C hepatitis. This prospective trial was aimed at assessing the mechanisms underlying coffee-related protective effects. METHODS Forty patients with chronic hepatitis C were randomized into two groups: the first consumed 4 cups of coffee/day for 30 days, while the second remained coffee "abstinent". At day 30, the groups were switched over for a second month. RESULTS At baseline, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were lower in patients drinking 3-5 (Group B) than 0-2 cups/day (Group A) (56 ± 6 vs 74 ± 11/60 ± 3 vs 73 ± 7 U/L p=0.05/p=0.04, respectively). HCV-RNA levels were significantly higher in Group B [(6.2 ± 1.5) × 10(5)vs (3.9 ± 1.0) × 10(5)UI/mL, p=0.05]. During coffee intake, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and collagen levels were significantly lower than during abstinence (15 ± 3 vs 44 ± 16 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine/10(5)deoxyguanosine, p=0.05 and 56 ± 9 vs 86 ± 21 ng/mL, p=0.04). Telomere length was significantly higher in patients during coffee intake (0.68 ± 0.06 vs 0.48 ± 0.04 Arbitrary Units, p=0.006). Telomere length and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine were inversely correlated. CONCLUSION In chronic hepatitis C coffee consumption induces a reduction in oxidative damage, correlated with increased telomere length and apoptosis, with lower collagen synthesis, factors that probably mediate the protection exerted by coffee with respect to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romilda Cardin
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Section of Gastroenterology, Padua University, Padua, Italy
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Yildiz G, Arslan-Ergul A, Bagislar S, Konu O, Yuzugullu H, Gursoy-Yuzugullu O, Ozturk N, Ozen C, Ozdag H, Erdal E, Karademir S, Sagol O, Mizrak D, Bozkaya H, Ilk HG, Ilk O, Bilen B, Cetin-Atalay R, Akar N, Ozturk M. Genome-wide transcriptional reorganization associated with senescence-to-immortality switch during human hepatocellular carcinogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64016. [PMID: 23691139 PMCID: PMC3655073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a permanent proliferation arrest in response to cell stress such as DNA damage. It contributes strongly to tissue aging and serves as a major barrier against tumor development. Most tumor cells are believed to bypass the senescence barrier (become “immortal”) by inactivating growth control genes such as TP53 and CDKN2A. They also reactivate telomerase reverse transcriptase. Senescence-to-immortality transition is accompanied by major phenotypic and biochemical changes mediated by genome-wide transcriptional modifications. This appears to happen during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients with liver cirrhosis, however, the accompanying transcriptional changes are virtually unknown. We investigated genome-wide transcriptional changes related to the senescence-to-immortality switch during hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Initially, we performed transcriptome analysis of senescent and immortal clones of Huh7 HCC cell line, and identified genes with significant differential expression to establish a senescence-related gene list. Through the analysis of senescence-related gene expression in different liver tissues we showed that cirrhosis and HCC display expression patterns compatible with senescent and immortal phenotypes, respectively; dysplasia being a transitional state. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that cirrhosis/senescence-associated genes were preferentially expressed in non-tumor tissues, less malignant tumors, and differentiated or senescent cells. In contrast, HCC/immortality genes were up-regulated in tumor tissues, or more malignant tumors and progenitor cells. In HCC tumors and immortal cells genes involved in DNA repair, cell cycle, telomere extension and branched chain amino acid metabolism were up-regulated, whereas genes involved in cell signaling, as well as in drug, lipid, retinoid and glycolytic metabolism were down-regulated. Based on these distinctive gene expression features we developed a 15-gene hepatocellular immortality signature test that discriminated HCC from cirrhosis with high accuracy. Our findings demonstrate that senescence bypass plays a central role in hepatocellular carcinogenesis engendering systematic changes in the transcription of genes regulating DNA repair, proliferation, differentiation and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Yildiz
- BilGen Genetics and Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- INSERM - Université Joseph Fourrier, CRI U823, Grenoble, France
| | - Ayca Arslan-Ergul
- BilGen Genetics and Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Bagislar
- BilGen Genetics and Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- INSERM - Université Joseph Fourrier, CRI U823, Grenoble, France
| | - Ozlen Konu
- BilGen Genetics and Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haluk Yuzugullu
- BilGen Genetics and Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- INSERM - Université Joseph Fourrier, CRI U823, Grenoble, France
| | - Ozge Gursoy-Yuzugullu
- BilGen Genetics and Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- INSERM - Université Joseph Fourrier, CRI U823, Grenoble, France
| | - Nuri Ozturk
- BilGen Genetics and Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Ozen
- BilGen Genetics and Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilal Ozdag
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Erdal
- Department of Medical Biology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sedat Karademir
- Department of Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozgul Sagol
- Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dilsa Mizrak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Bozkaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakki Gokhan Ilk
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ilk
- Department of Statistics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Biter Bilen
- BilGen Genetics and Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rengul Cetin-Atalay
- BilGen Genetics and Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nejat Akar
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ozturk
- BilGen Genetics and Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- INSERM - Université Joseph Fourrier, CRI U823, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
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Jeon BG, Kwack DO, Rho GJ. Variation of telomerase activity and morphology in porcine mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts during prolonged in vitro culture. Anim Biotechnol 2012; 22:197-210. [PMID: 22132813 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2011.624651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the telomerase activity, population doubling time (PDT), morphological alterations, and the cell cycle status with activity of senescence-associated-ß-galactosidase in porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and fibroblasts during an extended in vitro culture. MSCs and fibroblasts were isolated from bone marrow and ear skin of a miniature pig, respectively, and cultured up to 20 passages. The analysis was carried out in MSCs and fibroblasts at 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 passages. Relative telomerase activity (RTA) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in MSCs than in fibroblasts at all the passages. The PDT and cellular size slightly increased in MSCs at later passages. In contrast, fibroblasts had significantly (P < 0.05) increased PDT and cellular size, and the morphology revealed senescent-like abnormal type after passage 10. Further, the high incidence of ß-galactosidase stained cells was observed in fibroblasts compared to that of MSCs at passage 15, and cell cycle stage at G0 / G1 phase was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the fibroblasts at 15 and 20 passages compared to that of MSCs. Based on these observations, we concluded that porcine MSCs possessed more tolerance against senescence and aging compared to fibroblasts following prolonged in vitro culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Gyun Jeon
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Jeon BG, Kang EJ, Kumar BM, Maeng GH, Ock SA, Kwack DO, Park BW, Rho GJ. Comparative Analysis of Telomere Length, Telomerase and Reverse Transcriptase Activity in Human Dental Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2011; 20:1693-705. [DOI: 10.3727/096368911x565001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells from dental tissues have been isolated and established for tooth regenerative applications. However, basic characterization on their biological properties still needs to be investigated before employing them for effective clinical trials. In this study, we compared the telomere length, relative telomerase activity (RTA), and relative reverse transcriptase activity (RRA) as well as the surface antigen profile and mesenchymal differentiation ability in human dental papilla stem cells (DPaSCs), dental pulp stem cells (DPuSCs), and dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow. Dental stem cells (DSCs) were strongly positive for cell surface markers, such as CD44 and CD90. However, slightly lower expression of CD105 was observed in DPaSCs and DPuSCs compared to DFSCs and MSCs. Following specific induction, DPaSCs, DFSCs, and MSCs were successfully differentiated into adipocytes and osteocytes. However, DPuSCS, in particular, were able to differentiate into adipocytes but failed to induce into osteogenic differentiation. Further, all DSCs, MSCs, and MRC-5 fibroblasts as control were investigated for telomere length by nonradioactive chemiluminescent assay, RTA by relative-quantitative telomerase repeat amplification protocol (RQ-TRAP), and RRA by PCR-based assay. Mean telomere lengths in DPaSCs, DPuSCs, DFSCs, and MSCs was ~11 kb, and the values did not differ significantly ( p < 0.05) among the cells analyzed. RTA levels in DPaSCs were significantly ( p < 0.05) higher than in MSCs, DPuSCs, DFSCs, and MRC-5 fibroblasts and among DSCs, DFSCs showed a significantly ( p < 0.05) lower RTA. Moreover, RRA levels were significantly ( p < 0.05) higher in DPaSCs, DPuSCs, and MSCs than in DFSCs. Based on these observations, we conclude that among DSCs, DPaSCs possessed ideal characteristics on telomere length, telomerase activity and reverse transcriptase (RTase) activity, and may serve as suitable alternative candidates for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Gyun Jeon
- OBS/Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Kang
- OBS/Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - B. Mohana Kumar
- OBS/Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Ho Maeng
- OBS/Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-A Ock
- OBS/Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Oh Kwack
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Wook Park
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- OBS/Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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