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Tangudu NK, Yilmaz D, Wörle K, Gruber A, Colucci S, Leopold K, Muckenthaler MU, Vujic Spasic M. Macrophage-HFE controls iron metabolism and immune responses in aged mice. Haematologica 2021; 106:259-263. [PMID: 32079697 PMCID: PMC7776264 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.235630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dilay Yilmaz
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm
| | - Katharina Wörle
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Gruber
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology - University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
| | - Kerstin Leopold
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology - University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
| | - Maja Vujic Spasic
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm
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2
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Altamura S, Marques O, Colucci S, Mertens C, Alikhanyan K, Muckenthaler MU. Regulation of iron homeostasis: Lessons from mouse models. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 75:100872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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3
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Abstract
Haemochromatosis is defined as systemic iron overload of genetic origin, caused by a reduction in the concentration of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin, or a reduction in hepcidin-ferroportin binding. Hepcidin regulates the activity of ferroportin, which is the only identified cellular iron exporter. The most common form of haemochromatosis is due to homozygous mutations (specifically, the C282Y mutation) in HFE, which encodes hereditary haemochromatosis protein. Non-HFE forms of haemochromatosis due to mutations in HAMP, HJV or TFR2 are much rarer. Mutations in SLC40A1 (also known as FPN1; encoding ferroportin) that prevent hepcidin-ferroportin binding also cause haemochromatosis. Cellular iron excess in HFE and non-HFE forms of haemochromatosis is caused by increased concentrations of plasma iron, which can lead to the accumulation of iron in parenchymal cells, particularly hepatocytes, pancreatic cells and cardiomyocytes. Diagnosis is noninvasive and includes clinical examination, assessment of plasma iron parameters, imaging and genetic testing. The mainstay therapy is phlebotomy, although iron chelation can be used in some patients. Hepcidin supplementation might be an innovative future approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Brissot
- INSERM, Univ. Rennes, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Antonello Pietrangelo
- Division of Internal Medicine 2 and Center for Haemochromatosis, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Paul C. Adams
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara de Graaff
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Olivier Loréal
- INSERM, Univ. Rennes, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France
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4
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Li X, Wu Y, Zhang W, Gong J, Cheng Y. Pre-conditioning with tanshinone IIA attenuates the ischemia/reperfusion injury caused by liver grafts via regulation of HMGB1 in rat Kupffer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:1392-1400. [PMID: 28320107 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have evaluated the protective mechanism of tanshinone IIA in ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) induced by liver grafts, revealing novel supplementary immunotherapy for liver transplantation. METHODS The tanshinone IIA preconditioning group (TP group) was pretreated with tanshinone IIA via intraperitoneal injection for 1 week before receiving orthotopic liver transplantation with hepatic arterial ischemia for 30min. The sham-operation group (SO group), control graft group (CG group) and IRI group were pretreated with an equivalent volume of normal saline. The IRI group and CG group received orthotopic liver transplantation with or without hepatic arterial ischemia. Rats were sacrificed at each time point, serum was collected for ELISA detection, and Kupffer cells (KCs) were isolated to extract total protein and RNA for western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively. RESULTS The levels of TNF-α and IL-4 in the TP group were significantly lower than those of in the IRI group; meanwhile the IL-10 and TGF-β levels were significantly higher than in the IRI group. The protein and mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 were significantly lower in TP group than in the IRI group at each time point. The TLR-4, Myd88, NLRP3 and p-NF-κb p65 expression levels in the TP groups were significantly lower than those in the IRI group, while the PTEN, PI3K and AKT phosphorylation levels in the TP groups were significantly higher than those in the IRI group. CONCLUSIONS Tanshinone IIA attenuates IRI caused by liver grafts via down-regulation of the HMGB1-TLR-4/NF-κb pathway in KCs and activation of PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, suggesting a potential role for prevention of liver cell IRI during liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanfei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Yakun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, 629000, PR China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China.
| | - Yao Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China.
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5
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Orthotopic mouse liver transplantation to study liver biology and allograft tolerance. Nat Protoc 2016; 11:1163-74. [PMID: 27254462 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Orthotopic liver transplantation in the mouse is a powerful research tool that has led to important mechanistic insights into the regulation of hepatic injury, liver immunopathology, and transplant tolerance. However, it is a technically demanding surgical procedure. Setup of the orthotopic liver transplantation model comprises three main stages: surgery on the donor mouse; back-table preparation of the liver graft; and transplant of the liver into the recipient mouse. In this protocol, we describe our procedure in stepwise detail to allow efficient completion of both the donor and recipient operations. The protocol can result in consistently high technical success rates when performed by personnel experienced in the protocol. The technique can be completed in ∼2-3 h when performed by an individual who is well practiced in performing mouse transplantation in accordance with this protocol. We have achieved a perioperative survival rate close to 100%.
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6
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Yokota S, Yoshida O, Ono Y, Geller DA, Thomson AW. Liver transplantation in the mouse: Insights into liver immunobiology, tissue injury, and allograft tolerance. Liver Transpl 2016; 22:536-46. [PMID: 26709949 PMCID: PMC4811737 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The surgically demanding mouse orthotopic liver transplant model was first described in 1991. It has proved to be a powerful research tool for the investigation of liver biology, tissue injury, the regulation of alloimmunity and tolerance induction, and the pathogenesis of specific liver diseases. Liver transplantation in mice has unique advantages over transplantation of the liver in larger species, such as the rat or pig, because the mouse genome is well characterized and there is much greater availability of both genetically modified animals and research reagents. Liver transplant experiments using various transgenic or gene knockout mice have provided valuable mechanistic insights into the immunobiology and pathobiology of the liver and the regulation of graft rejection and tolerance over the past 25 years. The molecular pathways identified in the regulation of tissue injury and promotion of liver transplant tolerance provide new potential targets for therapeutic intervention to control adverse inflammatory responses/immune-mediated events in the hepatic environment and systemically. In conclusion, orthotopic liver transplantation in the mouse is a valuable model for gaining improved insights into liver biology, immunopathology, and allograft tolerance that may result in therapeutic innovation in the liver and in the treatment of other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Yokota
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, Address correspondence to: Angus W. Thomson, PhD DSc, FRCPath, FAST, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1540, Pittsburgh, PA 15235; ; (412) 624-6392
| | - Osamu Yoshida
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | | | - David A. Geller
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261,Liver Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Angus W. Thomson
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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7
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Bardou-Jacquet E, Morcet J, Manet G, Lainé F, Perrin M, Jouanolle AM, Guyader D, Moirand R, Viel JF, Deugnier Y. Decreased cardiovascular and extrahepatic cancer-related mortality in treated patients with mild HFE hemochromatosis. J Hepatol 2015; 62:682-9. [PMID: 25450707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mortality studies in patients with hemochromatosis give conflicting results especially with respect to extrahepatic causes of death. Our objective was to assess mortality and causes of death in a cohort of patients homozygous for the C282Y mutation in the HFE gene, diagnosed since the availability of HFE testing. METHODS We studied 1085 C282Y homozygotes, consecutively diagnosed from 1996 to 2009, and treated according to current recommendations. Mortality and causes of death were obtained from death certificates and compared to those of the general population. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were used to assess specific causes of death and the Cox model was used to identify prognostic factors for death. RESULTS Patients were followed for 8.3±3.9 years. Overall the SMR was the same as in the general population (0.94 CI: 0.71-1.22). Patients with serum ferritin⩾2000 μg/L had increased liver-related deaths (SMR: 23.9 CI: 13.9-38.2), especially due to hepatic cancer (SMR: 49.1 CI: 24.5-87.9). Patients with serum ferritin between normal and 1000 μg/L had a lower mortality than the general population (SMR: 0.27 CI: 0.1-0.5), due to a decreased mortality, related to reduced cardiovascular events and extrahepatic cancers in the absence of increased liver-related mortality. Age, diabetes, alcohol consumption, and hepatic fibrosis were independent prognostic factors of death. CONCLUSIONS In treated HFE hemochromatosis, only patients with serum ferritin higher than 2000 μg/L have an increased mortality, mainly related to liver diseases. Those with mild iron burden have a decreased overall mortality in relation to reduced cardiovascular and extrahepatic cancer-related events. These results support a beneficial effect of early and sustained management of patients with iron excess, even when mild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Bardou-Jacquet
- CHU Rennes, Service des maladies du foie, Rennes, France; INSERM, U991, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France.
| | - Jeff Morcet
- INSERM, CIC 1414, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | | | - Fabrice Lainé
- CHU Rennes, Service des maladies du foie, Rennes, France; INSERM, CIC 1414, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Dominique Guyader
- CHU Rennes, Service des maladies du foie, Rennes, France; INSERM, U991, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France; University of Rennes 1, UFR médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Romain Moirand
- CHU Rennes, Service des maladies du foie, Rennes, France; INSERM, U991, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France; University of Rennes 1, UFR médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-François Viel
- University of Rennes 1, UFR médecine, Rennes, France; CHU Rennes, Service d'épidémiologie et de santé publique, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | - Yves Deugnier
- CHU Rennes, Service des maladies du foie, Rennes, France; INSERM, U991, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France; INSERM, CIC 1414, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France; University of Rennes 1, UFR médecine, Rennes, France
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8
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Core AB, Canali S, Babitt JL. Hemojuvelin and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in iron homeostasis. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:104. [PMID: 24860505 PMCID: PMC4026703 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in hemojuvelin (HJV) are the most common cause of the juvenile-onset form of the iron overload disorder hereditary hemochromatosis. The discovery that HJV functions as a co-receptor for the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family of signaling molecules helped to identify this signaling pathway as a central regulator of the key iron hormone hepcidin in the control of systemic iron homeostasis. This review highlights recent work uncovering the mechanism of action of HJV and the BMP-SMAD signaling pathway in regulating hepcidin expression in the liver, as well as additional studies investigating possible extra-hepatic functions of HJV. This review also explores the interaction between HJV, the BMP-SMAD signaling pathway and other regulators of hepcidin expression in systemic iron balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Core
- Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Program in Anemia Signaling Research Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susanna Canali
- Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Program in Anemia Signaling Research Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jodie L Babitt
- Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Program in Anemia Signaling Research Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Bardou-Jacquet E, Ben Ali Z, Beaumont-Epinette MP, Loreal O, Jouanolle AM, Brissot P. Non-HFE hemochromatosis: pathophysiological and diagnostic aspects. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2014; 38:143-54. [PMID: 24321703 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rare genetic iron overload diseases are an evolving field due to major advances in genetics and molecular biology. Genetic iron overload has long been confined to the classical type 1 hemochromatosis related to the HFE C282Y mutation. Breakthroughs in the understanding of iron metabolism biology and molecular mechanisms led to the discovery of new genes and subsequently, new types of hemochromatosis. To date, four types of hemochromatosis have been identified: HFE-related or type1 hemochromatosis, the most frequent form in Caucasians, and four rare types, named type 2 (A and B) hemochromatosis (juvenile hemochromatosis due to hemojuvelin and hepcidin mutation), type 3 hemochromatosis (related to transferrin receptor 2 mutation), and type 4 (A and B) hemochromatosis (ferroportin disease). The diagnosis relies on the comprehension of the involved physiological defect that can now be explored by biological and imaging tools, which allow non-invasive assessment of iron metabolism. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to support the physicians in the diagnosis and management of those rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Bardou-Jacquet
- University Hospital of Rennes, French reference center for rare iron overload diseases of genetic origin, Rennes, France; University of Rennes1, Inserm UMR 991, 35000 Rennes, France; University Hospital of Rennes, Liver disease department, Rennes, France.
| | - Zeineb Ben Ali
- University Hospital of Rennes, French reference center for rare iron overload diseases of genetic origin, Rennes, France; University Hospital of Rennes, Liver disease department, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Pascale Beaumont-Epinette
- University Hospital of Rennes, French reference center for rare iron overload diseases of genetic origin, Rennes, France; University Hospital of Rennes, Molecular Genetics Department, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Loreal
- University Hospital of Rennes, French reference center for rare iron overload diseases of genetic origin, Rennes, France; University of Rennes1, Inserm UMR 991, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Anne-Marie Jouanolle
- University Hospital of Rennes, French reference center for rare iron overload diseases of genetic origin, Rennes, France; University Hospital of Rennes, Molecular Genetics Department, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre Brissot
- University Hospital of Rennes, French reference center for rare iron overload diseases of genetic origin, Rennes, France; University of Rennes1, Inserm UMR 991, 35000 Rennes, France; University Hospital of Rennes, Liver disease department, Rennes, France
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10
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Abstract
Iron-overload disorders owing to genetic misregulation of iron acquisition are referred to as hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). The most prevalent genetic iron overload disorder in Caucasians is caused by mutations in the HFE gene, an atypical MHC class I molecule. Recent studies classified HFE/Hfe-HH as a liver disease with the primarily failure in the production of the liver iron hormone hepcidin in hepatocytes. Inadequate hepcidin expression signals for excessive iron absorption from the diet and iron deposition in tissues causing multiple organ damage and failure. This review focuses on the molecular actions of the HFE/Hfe and hepcidin in maintaining systemic iron homeostasis and approaches undertaken so far to combat iron overload in HFE/Hfe-HH. In the light of the recent investigations, novel roles of extra-hepatocytic Hfe are discussed raising a question to the relevance of the multipurpose functions of Hfe for the understanding of HH-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Vujić
- Institute of General Zoology and Endocrinology, University of Ulm Ulm, Germany
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11
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Adams PC. Hepcidin in hemochromatosis: the message or the messenger? Hepatology 2014; 59:749-50. [PMID: 23996780 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Adams
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Bardou-Jacquet E, Philip J, Lorho R, Ropert M, Latournerie M, Houssel-Debry P, Guyader D, Loréal O, Boudjema K, Brissot P. Liver transplantation normalizes serum hepcidin level and cures iron metabolism alterations in HFE hemochromatosis. Hepatology 2014; 59:839-47. [PMID: 23775519 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Defects in human hemochromatosis protein (HFE) cause iron overload due to reduced hepatic hepcidin secretion. Liver transplantation (LT) is a key treatment for potential complications from HFE-related hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). This study evaluated hepcidin secretion and iron burden after LT to elucidate HH pathophysiology. Patients (n=18) homozygous for the p.Cys282Tyr mutation in the HFE gene underwent LT between 1999 and 2008. Serum iron, serum hepcidin, and hepatic iron concentrations were determined before LT and at the end of follow-up (median 57 months). Mortality and causes of death were determined. Survival was compared to that of the overall patient population that received LT. Before LT, serum hepcidin levels were low (0.54 ± 2.5 nmol/L; normal range: 4-30 nmol/L). After LT, 11 patients had iron evaluations; none received iron depletion therapy; all had normal transferrin saturation. The mean serum ferritin was 185 (± 99) μg/L. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that iron overload was absent in nine patients, mild in one patient with metabolic syndrome, and high (180 μmol/g) in one patient with hereditary spherocytosis discovered after LT. At the end of follow-up, serum hepcidin was normal in 10 patients (11.12 ± 7.6 nmol/L; P<0.05) and low in one patient with iron deficiency anemia. Survival was 83% and 67% at 1 and 5 years, respectively. Survival was similar for patients with HH and patients that received LT for other causes. CONCLUSION In HH, LT normalized hepcidin secretion and prevented recurrence of hepatic iron overload. Survival was similar to that of patients who received LTs for other liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Bardou-Jacquet
- CHU Rennes, Liver Disease Unit, Rennes, France; INSERM UMR991, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France; CHU Rennes, National Reference Center for Rare Iron Overload Diseases of Genetic Origin, Rennes, France
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13
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Canavesi E, Alfieri C, Pelusi S, Valenti L. Hepcidin and HFE protein: Iron metabolism as a target for the anemia of chronic kidney disease. World J Nephrol 2012; 1:166-76. [PMID: 24175256 PMCID: PMC3782218 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v1.i6.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The anemia of chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis is characterized by chronic inflammation and release of cytokines, resulting in the upregulation of the iron hormone hepcidin, also increased by iron therapy and reduced glomerular filtration, with consequent reduction in iron absorption, recycling, and availability to the erythron. This response proves advantageous in the short-term to restrain iron availability to pathogens, but ultimately leads to severe anemia, and impairs the response to erythropoietin (Epo) and iron. Homozygosity for the common C282Y and H63D HFE polymorphisms influence iron metabolism by hampering hepcidin release by hepatocytes in response to increased iron stores, thereby resulting in inadequate inhibition of the activity of Ferroportin-1, inappropriately high iron absorption and recycling, and iron overload. However, in hemodialysis patients, carriage of HFE mutations may confer an adaptive benefit by decreasing hepcidin release in response to iron infusion and inflammation, thereby improving iron availability to erythropoiesis, anemia control, the response to Epo, and possibly survival. Therefore, anti-hepcidin therapies may improve anemia management in hemodialysis. However, HFE mutations directly favor hemoglobinization independently of hepcidin, and reduce macrophages activation in response to inflammation, whereas hepcidin might also play a beneficial anti-inflammatory and anti-microbic action during sepsis, so that direct inhibition of HFE-mediated regulation of iron metabolism may represent a valuable alternative therapeutic target. Genetic studies may offer a valuable tool to test these hypotheses and guide the research of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Canavesi
- Elena Canavesi, Serena Pelusi, Luca Valenti, Internal Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
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14
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Hfe deficiency impairs pulmonary neutrophil recruitment in response to inflammation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39363. [PMID: 22745741 PMCID: PMC3383765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of iron homeostasis and the inflammatory response are tightly linked to protect the host from infection. Here we investigate how imbalanced systemic iron homeostasis in a murine disease model of hereditary hemochromatosis (Hfe−/− mice) affects the inflammatory responses of the lung. We induced acute pulmonary inflammation in Hfe−/− and wild-type mice by intratracheal instillation of 20 µg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and analyzed local and systemic inflammatory responses and iron-related parameters. We show that in Hfe−/− mice neutrophil recruitment to the bronchoalveolar space is attenuated compared to wild-type mice although circulating neutrophil numbers in the bloodstream were elevated to similar levels in Hfe−/− and wild-type mice. The underlying molecular mechanisms are likely multifactorial and include elevated systemic iron levels, alveolar macrophage iron deficiency and/or hitherto unexplored functions of Hfe in resident pulmonary cell types. As a consequence, pulmonary cytokine expression is out of balance and neutrophils fail to be recruited efficiently to the bronchoalveolar compartment, a process required to protect the host from infections. In conclusion, our findings suggest a novel role for Hfe and/or imbalanced iron homeostasis in the regulation of the inflammatory response in the lung and hereditary hemochromatosis.
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15
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Valenti L, Dongiovanni P, Motta BM, Swinkels DW, Bonara P, Rametta R, Burdick L, Frugoni C, Fracanzani AL, Fargion S. Serum Hepcidin and Macrophage Iron Correlate With MCP-1 Release and Vascular Damage in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome Alterations. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:683-90. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.214858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Increased body iron stores and hepcidin have been hypothesized to promote atherosclerosis by inducing macrophage iron accumulation and release of cytokines, but direct demonstration in human cells is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of iron on cytokine release in monocytes ex vivo and the correlation with vascular damage and to evaluate the relationship among serum levels of hepcidin, cytokines, and vascular damage in patients with metabolic syndrome alterations.
Methods and Results—
Manipulation of iron status with ferric ammonium citrate and hepcidin-25 induced monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and interleukin-6 in human differentiating monocytes of patients with hyperferritinemia associated with the metabolic syndrome (n=11), but not in subjects with hemochromatosis or
HFE
mutations impairing iron accumulation (n=15), and the degree of induction correlated with the presence of carotid plaques, detected by echocolor–Doppler. In monocytes of healthy subjects (n=7), iron and hepcidin increased the mRNA levels and release of MCP-1, but not of interleukin-6. In 130 patients with metabolic alterations, MCP-1 levels, as detected by ELISA, were correlated with hepcidin-25 measured by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (
P
=0.005) and were an independent predictor of the presence of carotid plaques (
P
=0.05).
Conclusion—
Hepcidin and macrophage iron correlate with MCP-1 release and vascular damage in high-risk individuals with metabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Valenti
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (L.V., P.D., B.M.M., P.B., R.R., L.B., C.F., A.L.F., S.F.), Università degli Studi, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico “Ca' Granda” IRCCS, Milano, Italy; and Department of Laboratory Medicine (D.W.S.), Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (L.V., P.D., B.M.M., P.B., R.R., L.B., C.F., A.L.F., S.F.), Università degli Studi, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico “Ca' Granda” IRCCS, Milano, Italy; and Department of Laboratory Medicine (D.W.S.), Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Benedetta Maria Motta
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (L.V., P.D., B.M.M., P.B., R.R., L.B., C.F., A.L.F., S.F.), Università degli Studi, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico “Ca' Granda” IRCCS, Milano, Italy; and Department of Laboratory Medicine (D.W.S.), Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorine W. Swinkels
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (L.V., P.D., B.M.M., P.B., R.R., L.B., C.F., A.L.F., S.F.), Università degli Studi, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico “Ca' Granda” IRCCS, Milano, Italy; and Department of Laboratory Medicine (D.W.S.), Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Bonara
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (L.V., P.D., B.M.M., P.B., R.R., L.B., C.F., A.L.F., S.F.), Università degli Studi, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico “Ca' Granda” IRCCS, Milano, Italy; and Department of Laboratory Medicine (D.W.S.), Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Raffaela Rametta
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (L.V., P.D., B.M.M., P.B., R.R., L.B., C.F., A.L.F., S.F.), Università degli Studi, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico “Ca' Granda” IRCCS, Milano, Italy; and Department of Laboratory Medicine (D.W.S.), Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Larry Burdick
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (L.V., P.D., B.M.M., P.B., R.R., L.B., C.F., A.L.F., S.F.), Università degli Studi, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico “Ca' Granda” IRCCS, Milano, Italy; and Department of Laboratory Medicine (D.W.S.), Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cecelia Frugoni
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (L.V., P.D., B.M.M., P.B., R.R., L.B., C.F., A.L.F., S.F.), Università degli Studi, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico “Ca' Granda” IRCCS, Milano, Italy; and Department of Laboratory Medicine (D.W.S.), Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (L.V., P.D., B.M.M., P.B., R.R., L.B., C.F., A.L.F., S.F.), Università degli Studi, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico “Ca' Granda” IRCCS, Milano, Italy; and Department of Laboratory Medicine (D.W.S.), Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Fargion
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (L.V., P.D., B.M.M., P.B., R.R., L.B., C.F., A.L.F., S.F.), Università degli Studi, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico “Ca' Granda” IRCCS, Milano, Italy; and Department of Laboratory Medicine (D.W.S.), Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Hepcidin induction by transgenic overexpression of Hfe does not require the Hfe cytoplasmic tail, but does require hemojuvelin. Blood 2010; 116:5679-87. [PMID: 20837779 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-04-277954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in HFE cause the most common form of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). We previously showed that liver-specific, transgenic overexpression of murine Hfe stimulates production of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin. Here, we developed several additional transgenic mouse strains to further interrogate the structural basis of HFE function in the pathophysiology of HH. We hypothesized that the small, cytoplasmic domain of HFE might be necessary for HFE-mediated induction of hepcidin. We demonstrate that, like the full-length protein, overexpression of Hfe proteins lacking the cytoplasmic domain leads to hepcidin induction, iron deficiency and a hypochromic, microcytic anemia. However, high-level expression of a liver-specific Hfe transgene carrying the mouse equivalent of the common HFE C282Y human disease-causing mutation (murine C294Y) did not cause iron deficiency. Furthermore, hepcidin induction by transgenes encoding both WT Hfe and Hfe lacking its cytoplasmic domain is greatly attenuated in the absence of hemojuvelin (Hjv). Our observations indicate that the extracellular and transmembrane domains of Hfe are sufficient, and Hjv is essential, for Hfe-mediated induction of hepcidin expression.
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Factors influencing disease phenotype and penetrance in HFE haemochromatosis. Hum Genet 2010; 128:233-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-010-0852-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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18
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De Domenico I, Kushner JP. Reconstitution of normal hepcidin expression in Hfe-deficient mice after liver transplantation: a new role of HFE in Kupffer cells? Gastroenterology 2010; 139:25-7. [PMID: 20639083 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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