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Scherr AL, Nader L, Xu K, Elssner C, Ridder DA, Nichetti F, Mastel M, Fritzsche S, Kelmendi E, Schmitt N, Hoffmeister-Wittmann P, Weiler SME, Korell F, Albrecht T, Schwab M, Isele H, Kessler A, Hüllein J, Seretny A, Ye L, Urbanik T, Welte S, Leblond AL, Heilig CE, Rahbari M, Ali A, Gallage S, Lenoir B, Wilhelm N, Gärtner U, Ogrodnik SJ, Springfeld C, Tschaharganeh D, Fröhling S, Longerich T, Schulze-Bergkamen H, Jäger D, Brandl L, Schirmacher P, Straub BK, Weber A, De Toni EN, Goeppert B, Heikenwalder M, Jackstadt R, Roessler S, Breuhahn K, Köhler BC. Etiology-independent activation of the LTβ-LTβR-RELB axis drives aggressiveness and predicts poor prognosis in HCC. Hepatology 2024; 80:278-294. [PMID: 37916976 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS HCC is the most common primary liver tumor, with an increasing incidence worldwide. HCC is a heterogeneous malignancy and usually develops in a chronically injured liver. The NF-κB signaling network consists of a canonical and a noncanonical branch. Activation of canonical NF-κB in HCC is documented. However, a functional and clinically relevant role of noncanonical NF-κB and its downstream effectors is not established. APPROACH AND RESULTS Four human HCC cohorts (total n = 1462) and 4 mouse HCC models were assessed for expression and localization of NF-κB signaling components and activating ligands. In vitro , NF-κB signaling, proliferation, and cell death were measured, proving a pro-proliferative role of v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog B (RELB) activated by means of NF-κB-inducing kinase. In vivo , lymphotoxin beta was identified as the predominant inducer of RELB activation. Importantly, hepatocyte-specific RELB knockout in a murine HCC model led to a lower incidence compared to controls and lower maximal tumor diameters. In silico , RELB activity and RELB-directed transcriptomics were validated on the The Cancer Genome Atlas HCC cohort using inferred protein activity and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. In RELB-active HCC, pathways mediating proliferation were significantly activated. In contrast to v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A, nuclear enrichment of noncanonical RELB expression identified patients with a poor prognosis in an etiology-independent manner. Moreover, RELB activation was associated with malignant features metastasis and recurrence. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a prognostically relevant, etiology-independent, and cross-species consistent activation of a lymphotoxin beta/LTβR/RELB axis in hepatocarcinogenesis. These observations may harbor broad implications for HCC, including possible clinical exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Scherr
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luisa Nader
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kaiyu Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christin Elssner
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk A Ridder
- Department of General Pathology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Federico Nichetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Computational Oncology, Molecular Diagnostics Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Mastel
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Progression and Metastasis Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Fritzsche
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eblina Kelmendi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Schmitt
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paula Hoffmeister-Wittmann
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sofia M E Weiler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Korell
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Albrecht
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schwab
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanna Isele
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika Kessler
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Hüllein
- Computational Oncology, Molecular Diagnostics Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Seretny
- Helmholtz-University Group "Cell Plasticity and Epigenetic Remodeling", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Liangtao Ye
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Toni Urbanik
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Welte
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne-Laure Leblond
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph E Heilig
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohammad Rahbari
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adnan Ali
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suchira Gallage
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bénédicte Lenoir
- Clinical Cooperation Unit "Applied Tumor Immunity", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Wilhelm
- Clinical Cooperation Unit "Applied Tumor Immunity", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Gärtner
- Interfaculty Biomedical Research Facility, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon J Ogrodnik
- Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Springfeld
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Darjus Tschaharganeh
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-University Group "Cell Plasticity and Epigenetic Remodeling", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Jäger
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lydia Brandl
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate K Straub
- Department of General Pathology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Enrico N De Toni
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Benjamin Goeppert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- The M3 Research Center, University Clinic Tübingen (UKT), Medical faculty, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rene Jackstadt
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Progression and Metastasis Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruno C Köhler
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Hu Y, Li J, Hu L, Liu F, Chen R, Xu L, Tang Z, Lu B, Yu J. BACH1 impairs hepatocyte regeneration after hepatectomy with repeated ischemia/reperfusion by reprogramming energy metabolism and exacerbating oxidative stress. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116377. [PMID: 38906228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1) regulates biological processes, including energy metabolism and oxidative stress. Insufficient liver regeneration after hepatectomy remains an issue for surgeons. The Pringle maneuver is widely used during hepatectomy and induces ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in hepatocytes. A rat model of two-thirds partial hepatectomy with repeated I/R treatment was used to simulate clinical hepatectomy with Pringle maneuver. Delayed recovery of liver function after hepatectomy with the repeated Pringle maneuver in clinic and impaired liver regeneration in rat model were observed. Highly elevated lactate levels, along with reduced mitochondrial complex III and IV activities in liver tissues, indicated that the glycolytic phenotype was promoted after hepatectomy with repeated I/R. mRNA expression profile analysis of glycolysis-related genes in clinical samples and further verification experiments in rat models showed that high BACH1 expression levels correlated with the glycolytic phenotype after hepatectomy with repeated I/R. BACH1 overexpression restricted the proliferative potential of hepatocytes stimulated with HGF. High PDK1 expression and high lactate levels, together with low mitochondrial complex III and IV activities and reduced ATP concentrations, were detected in BACH1-overexpressing hepatocytes with HGF stimulation. Moreover, HO-1 expression was downregulated, and oxidative stress was exacerbated in the BACH1-overexpressing hepatocytes with HGF stimulation. Cell experiments involving repeated hypoxia/reoxygenation revealed that reactive oxygen species accumulation triggered the TGF-β1/BACH1 axis in hepatocytes. Finally, inhibiting BACH1 with the inhibitor hemin effectively restored the liver regenerative ability after hepatectomy with repeated I/R. These results provide a potential therapeutic strategy for impaired liver regeneration after repeated I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Hu
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China; Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiandong Li
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangfeng Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruanchang Chen
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China; Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luohang Xu
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China; Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zekai Tang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baochun Lu
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
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Liu P, Li Y, Wang W, Bai Y, Jia H, Yuan Z, Yang Z. Role and mechanisms of the NF-ĸB signaling pathway in various developmental processes. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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4
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Bednarsch J, Czigany Z, Loosen SH, Heij L, Ruckgaber L, Maes H, Krause JP, Reen M, Toteva B, Vosdellen T, Bruners P, Lang SA, Ulmer TF, Roderburg C, Luedde T, Neumann UP. Perioperative rifaximin is not associated with enhanced functional and volumetric recovery after major liver resection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17936. [PMID: 34504196 PMCID: PMC8429542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97442-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to assess the impact of rifaximin on the course of liver function, liver regeneration and volumetric recovery in patients undergoing major hepatectomy. The ARROW trial was an investigator initiated, single-center, open-label, phase 3 RCT with two parallel treatment groups, conducted at our hepatobiliary center from 03/2016 to 07/2020. Patients undergoing major hepatectomy were eligible and randomly assigned 1:1 to receive oral rifaximin (550 mg twice daily for 7-10 or 14-21 days in case of portal vein embolization preoperatively and 7 days postoperatively) versus no intervention. Primary endpoint was the relative increase in postoperative liver function measured by LiMAx from postoperative day (POD) 4 to 7. Secondary endpoint were the course of liver function and liver volume during the study period as well as postoperative morbidity and mortality. Between 2016 and 2020, 45 patients were randomized and 35 patients (16 individuals in the rifaximin and 19 individuals in the control group) were eligible for per-protocol analysis. The study was prematurely terminated following interim analysis, due to the unlikelihood of reaching a significant primary endpoint. The median relative increase in liver function from POD 4 to POD 7 was 27% in the rifaximin group and 41% in the control group (p = 0.399). Further, no significant difference was found in terms of any other endpoints of functional liver- and volume regeneration or perioperative surgical complications following the application of rifaximin versus no intervention. Perioperative application of rifaximin has no effect on functional or volumetric regeneration after major hepatectomy (NCT02555293; EudraCT 2013-004644-28).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bednarsch
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zoltan Czigany
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sven H Loosen
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Lara Heij
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lorenz Ruckgaber
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henning Maes
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan-Pit Krause
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Reen
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Beata Toteva
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Theresa Vosdellen
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp Bruners
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sven Arke Lang
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Florian Ulmer
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulf Peter Neumann
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Fu Y, Sui B, Xiang L, Yan X, Wu D, Shi S, Hu X. Emerging understanding of apoptosis in mediating mesenchymal stem cell therapy. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:596. [PMID: 34108448 PMCID: PMC8190192 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03883-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation (MSCT) has been recognized as a potent and promising approach to achieve immunomodulation and tissue regeneration, but the mechanisms of how MSCs exert therapeutic effects remain to be elucidated. Increasing evidence suggests that transplanted MSCs only briefly remain viable in recipients, after which they undergo apoptosis in the host circulation or in engrafted tissues. Intriguingly, apoptosis of infused MSCs has been revealed to be indispensable for their therapeutic efficacy, while recipient cells can also develop apoptosis as a beneficial response in restoring systemic and local tissue homeostasis. It is notable that apoptotic cells produce apoptotic extracellular vesicles (apoEVs), traditionally known as apoptotic bodies (apoBDs), which possess characterized miRnomes and proteomes that contribute to their specialized function and to intercellular communication. Importantly, it has been demonstrated that the impact of apoEVs is long-lasting in health and disease contexts, and they critically mediate the efficacy of MSCT. In this review, we summarize the emerging understanding of apoptosis in mediating MSCT, highlighting the potential of apoEVs as cell-free therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China.,South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Bingdong Sui
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China.,Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Xutong Yan
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Di Wu
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Songtao Shi
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China.
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW It is well known that obesity represents the main modifiable risk factor for insulin resistance in children and adolescents; obesity-induced insulin resistance in children is the most important risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. The mechanisms through which obesity causes insulin resistance are complex and not completely known to date. RECENT FINDINGS In children, global adiposity is the main factor determining insulin resistance. Excessive fatty acids play a determinant role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in obese children, inducing an increased production of acetyl-CoA in the liver and enhancing inflammation in adipose tissue. The aetiology of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome is multifactorial and still debated. SUMMARY The aim of this review is to present an updated frame and new insights of the numerous pathways involved in the development of insulin resistance in obese patients, focusing on the peculiarities of children and adolescents. Improving the knowledge of mechanisms through which obesity leads to insulin resistance is fundamental in order to recommend particular follow-up and possible treatment to specific categories of obese children and adolescents.
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Ehedego H, Mohs A, Jansen B, Hiththetiya K, Sicinski P, Liedtke C, Trautwein C. Loss of Cyclin E1 attenuates hepatitis and hepatocarcinogenesis in a mouse model of chronic liver injury. Oncogene 2018; 37:3329-3339. [PMID: 29551768 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver injury triggers liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Cyclin E1 (CcnE1, formerly designated Cyclin E) is a regulatory subunit of the Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). It is overexpressed in approximately 70% of human HCCs correlating with poor prognosis, while the relevance of its orthologue Cyclin E2 (CcnE2) is unclear. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of NF-kappa-B essential modulator (NEMOΔhepa) leads to chronic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and HCC as well as CcnE upregulation. To this end, we generated NEMOΔhepa/CcnE1-/- and NEMOΔhepa/CcnE2-/- double knockout mice and investigated age-dependent liver disease progression in these animals. Deletion of CcnE1 in NEMOΔhepa mice decreased basal liver damage and reduced spontaneous liver inflammation in young mice. In contrast, loss of CcnE2 did not affect liver injury in NEMOΔhepa livers pointing to a unique, non-redundant function of CcnE1 in chronic hepatitis. Accordingly, basal compensatory hepatocyte proliferation in NEMOΔhepa mice was reduced by concomitant ablation of CcnE1, but not after loss of CcnE2. In aged NEMOΔhepa mice, loss of CcnE1 resulted in significant reduction of liver tumorigenesis, while deletion of CcnE2 had no effect on HCC formation. CcnE1, but not its orthologue CcnE2, substantially contributes to hepatic inflammatory response, liver disease progression, and hepatocarcinogenesis in NEMOΔhepa mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haksier Ehedego
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Antje Mohs
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bettina Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian Liedtke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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8
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Ou-Yang Q, Lin XM, Zhu YJ, Zheng B, Li L, Yang YC, Hou GJ, Chen X, Luo GJ, Huo F, Leng QB, Gonzalez FJ, Jiang XQ, Wang HY, Chen L. Distinct role of nuclear receptor corepressor 1 regulated de novo fatty acids synthesis in liver regeneration and hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Hepatology 2018; 67:1071-1087. [PMID: 28960380 PMCID: PMC6661113 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED It is urgent that the means to improve liver regeneration (LR) be found, while mitigating the concurrent risk of hepatocarcinogenesis (HCG). Nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCoR1) is a co-repressor of nuclear receptors, which regulates the expression level of metabolic genes; however, little is known about its potential contribution for LR and HCG. Here, we found that liver-specific NCoR1 knockout in mice (NCoR1Δhep ) dramatically enhances LR after partial hepatectomy and, surprisingly, blocks the process of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCG. Both RNA-sequencing and metabolic assay results revealed improved expression of Fasn and Acc2 in NCoR1Δhep mice, suggesting the critical role of de novo fatty acid synthesis (FAS) in LR. Continual enhanced de novo FAS in NCoR1Δhep mice resulted in overwhelmed adenosine triphosphate ATP and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) consumption and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, which subsequently attenuated HCG through inducing apoptosis of hepatocytes at an early stage after DEN administration. CONCLUSION NCoR1 functions as a negative modulator for hepatic de novo FAS and mitochondria energy adaptation, playing distinct roles in regeneration or carcinogenesis. (Hepatology 2018;67:1071-1087).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ou-Yang
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Center of Liver Transplantation, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Meng Lin
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Jing Zhu
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Li
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Cheng Yang
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Jun Hou
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Gui-Juan Luo
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Huo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Center of Liver Transplantation, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Bin Leng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Xiao-Qing Jiang
- Department of Biliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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9
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Takahashi Y, Matsutani N, Dejima H, Nakayama T, Uehara H, Kawamura M. Nuclear factor-kappa B influences early phase of compensatory lung growth after pneumonectomy in mice. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:41. [PMID: 28679393 PMCID: PMC5499001 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Compensatory lung growth (CLG) is a well-established lung regeneration model. However, the sequential mechanisms, including unknown molecular triggers or regulators, remain unclear. Nuclear factor- kappa B (NF-κB) is known to be essential for inflammation and tissue regeneration; therefore, we investigated the role of NF-κB in CLG. Methods C57BL/6 J mice underwent either a left pneumonectomy or a thoracotomy (n = 77). Gene microarray analysis was performed to detect genes that were upregulated at 12 h after pneumonectomy. NF-κB protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. To investigate the influence of NF-κB on CLG, either an NF-κB inhibitor SN50 or saline was administered following pneumonectomy and the degree of CLG was evaluated in each group by measuring the lung dry weight index (LDWI) and the mean linear intercept. Results Gene microarray analysis identified 11 genes that were significantly but transiently increased at 12 h after pneumonectomy. Among the 11 genes, NF-κB was selected based on its reported functions. Western blot analysis showed that NF-κB protein expression after pneumonectomy was significantly higher at 12 h compared to 48 h. Additionally, NF-κB protein expression at 12 h after pneumonectomy was significantly higher than at both 12 and 48 h after thoracotomy (p < 0.029 for all). NF-κB protein expression, evaluated through immunohistochemistry, was expressed mainly in type 2 alveolar epithelial cells and was significant increased 12 h after pneumonectomy compared to 48 h after pneumonectomy and both 12 and 48 h after thoracotomy (p < 0.001 for all). SN50 administration following pneumonectomy induced a significant decrease in NF-κB expression (p = 0.004) and LDWI compared to the vehicle administration (p = 0.009). Conclusions This is the first report demonstrating that NF-κB signaling may play a key role in CLG. Given its pathway is crucial in tissue regeneration of various organs, NF-κB may shed light on identification of molecular triggers or clinically usable key regulators of CLG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Matsutani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Dejima
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakayama
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Uehara
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kawamura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
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10
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Delhove JMKM, Buckley SMK, Perocheau DP, Karda R, Arbuthnot P, Henderson NC, Waddington SN, McKay TR. Longitudinal in vivo bioimaging of hepatocyte transcription factor activity following cholestatic liver injury in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41874. [PMID: 28157201 PMCID: PMC5291111 DOI: 10.1038/srep41874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms regulating liver repair following cholestatic injury remain largely unknown. We have combined a mouse model of acute cholestatic liver injury, partial bile duct ligation (pBDL), with a novel longitudinal bioimaging methodology to quantify transcription factor activity during hepatic injury and repair. We administered lentiviral transcription factor activated luciferase/eGFP reporter (TFAR) cassettes to neonatal mice enabling longitudinal TFAR profiling by continued bioimaging throughout the lives of the animals and following pBDL in adulthood. Neonatal intravascular injection of VSV-G pseudotyped lentivirus resulted in almost exclusive transduction of hepatocytes allowing analysis of hepatocyte-specific transcription factor activity. We recorded acute but transient responses with NF-κB and Smad2/3 TFAR whilst our Notch reporter was repressed over the 40 days of evaluation post-pBDL. The bipotent hepatic progenitor cell line, HepaRG, can be directed to differentiate into hepatocytes and biliary epithelia. We found that forced expression of the Notch inhibitor NUMB in HepaRG resulted in enhanced hepatocyte differentiation and proliferation whereas over-expressing the Notch agonist JAG1 resulted in biliary epithelial differentiation. In conclusion, our data demonstrates that hepatocytes rapidly upregulate NF-κB and Smad2/3 activity, whilst repressing Notch signalling. This transcriptional response to cholestatic liver injury likely promotes partial de-differentiation to allow pro-regenerative proliferation of hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette M K M Delhove
- Stem Cell Group, Cardiovascular &Cell Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.,Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Suzanne M K Buckley
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Dany P Perocheau
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Rajvinder Karda
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Patrick Arbuthnot
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Neil C Henderson
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, U.K
| | - Simon N Waddington
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK.,Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tristan R McKay
- Stem Cell Group, Cardiovascular &Cell Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.,School of Healthcare Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
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11
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Jörger AK, Liu L, Fehlner K, Weisser T, Cheng Z, Lu M, Höchst B, Bolzer A, Wang B, Hartmann D, Assfalg V, Sunami Y, Schlitter AM, Friess H, Hüser N, Laschinger M. Impact of NKT Cells and LFA-1 on Liver Regeneration under Subseptic Conditions. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168001. [PMID: 27977747 PMCID: PMC5158001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of the immune system in terms of subseptic conditions during liver regeneration is of paramount clinical importance. However, little is known about molecular mechanisms and their mediators that control hepatocyte proliferation. We sought to determine the functional role of immune cells, especially NKT cells, in response to partial hepatectomy (PH), and to uncover the impact of the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) on liver regeneration in a subseptic setting. Methods Wild-type (WT) and LFA-1-/- mice underwent a 2/3 PH and low-dose lipopolysaccharid (LPS) application. Hepatocyte proliferation, immune cell infiltration, and cytokine profile in the liver parenchyma were determined. Results Low-dose LPS application after PH results in a significant delay of liver regeneration between 48h and 72h, which is associated with a reduced number of CD3+ cells within the regenerating liver. In absence of LFA-1, an impaired regenerative capacity was observed under low-dose LPS application. Analysis of different leukocyte subpopulations showed less CD3+NK1.1+ NKT cells in the liver parenchyma of LFA-1-/- mice after PH and LPS application compared to WT controls, while CD3-NK1.1+ NK cells markedly increased. Concordantly with this observation, lower levels of NKT cell related cytokines IL-12 and IL-23 were expressed in the regenerating liver of LFA-1-/- mice, while the expression of NK cell-associated CCL5 and IL-10 was increased compared to WT mice. Conclusion A subseptic situation negatively alters hepatocyte proliferation. Within this scenario, we suggest an important impact of NKT cells and postulate a critical function for LFA-1 during processes of liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Jörger
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Fehlner
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Weisser
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhangjun Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Miao Lu
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bastian Höchst
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Baocai Wang
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Hartmann
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Assfalg
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yoshiaki Sunami
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Hüser
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Melanie Laschinger
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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12
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Yang Z, Wang L, Wang X. Matrine induces the hepatic differentiation of WB-F344 rat hepatic progenitor cells and inhibits Jagged 1/HES1 signaling. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3841-7. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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13
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Ehedego H, Trautwein C. p21 in chronic and acute liver injury. Oncoscience 2016; 3:56-7. [PMID: 27014723 PMCID: PMC4789571 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haksier Ehedego
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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14
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Kuttippurathu L, Patra B, Hoek JB, Vadigepalli R. A novel comparative pattern count analysis reveals a chronic ethanol-induced dynamic shift in immediate early NF-κB genome-wide promoter binding during liver regeneration. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:1037-56. [PMID: 26847025 PMCID: PMC4891188 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00740b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy is a clinically important process that is impaired by adaptation to chronic alcohol intake. We focused on the initial time points following partial hepatectomy (PHx) to analyze the genome-wide binding activity of NF-κB, a key immediate early regulator. We investigated the effect of chronic alcohol intake on immediate early NF-κB genome-wide localization, in the adapted state as well as in response to partial hepatectomy, using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by promoter microarray analysis. We found many ethanol-specific NF-κB binding target promoters in the ethanol-adapted state, corresponding to the regulation of biosynthetic processes, oxidation-reduction and apoptosis. Partial hepatectomy induced a diet-independent shift in NF-κB binding loci relative to the transcription start sites. We employed a novel pattern count analysis to exhaustively enumerate and compare the number of promoters corresponding to the temporal binding patterns in ethanol and pair-fed control groups. The highest pattern count corresponded to promoters with NF-κB binding exclusively in the ethanol group at 1 h post PHx. This set was associated with the regulation of cell death, response to oxidative stress, histone modification, mitochondrial function, and metabolic processes. Integration with the global gene expression profiles to identify putative transcriptional consequences of NF-κB binding patterns revealed that several of ethanol-specific 1 h binding targets showed ethanol-specific differential expression through 6 h post PHx. Motif analysis yielded co-incident binding loci for STAT3, AP-1, CREB, C/EBP-β, PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α, likely participating in co-regulatory modules with NF-κB in shaping the immediate early response to PHx. We conclude that adaptation to chronic ethanol intake disrupts the NF-κB promoter binding landscape with consequences for the immediate early gene regulatory response to the acute challenge of PHx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Kuttippurathu
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Biswanath Patra
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. and Mitocare Center for Mitochondrial Research, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. and Mitocare Center for Mitochondrial Research, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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15
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Zhang Y, Lu T, Wong M, Wang X, Stodieck L, Karouia F, Story M, Wu H. Transient gene and microRNA expression profile changes of confluent human fibroblast cells in spaceflight. FASEB J 2016; 30:2211-24. [PMID: 26917741 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microgravity, or an altered gravity environment different from the 1 g of the Earth, has been shown to influence global gene expression patterns and protein levels in cultured cells. However, most of the reported studies that have been conducted in space or by using simulated microgravity on the ground have focused on the growth or differentiation of these cells. It has not been specifically addressed whether nonproliferating cultured cells will sense the presence of microgravity in space. In an experiment conducted onboard the International Space Station, confluent human fibroblast cells were fixed after being cultured in space for 3 and 14 d, respectively, to investigate changes in gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in these cells. Results of the experiment showed that on d 3, both the flown and ground cells were still proliferating slowly, as measured by the percentage of Ki-67(+) cells. Gene and miRNA expression data indicated activation of NF-κB and other growth-related pathways that involve hepatocyte growth factor and VEGF as well as the down-regulation of the Let-7 miRNA family. On d 14, when the cells were mostly nonproliferating, the gene and miRNA expression profile of the flight sample was indistinguishable from that of the ground sample. Comparison of gene and miRNA expressions in the d 3 samples, with respect to d 14, revealed that most of the changes observed on d 3 were related to cell growth for both the flown and ground cells. Analysis of cytoskeletal changes via immunohistochemistry staining of the cells with antibodies for α-tubulin and fibronectin showed no difference between the flown and ground samples. Taken together, our study suggests that in true nondividing human fibroblast cells in culture, microgravity experienced in space has little effect on gene and miRNA expression profiles.-Zhang, Y., Lu, T., Wong, M., Wang, X., Stodieck, L., Karouia, F., Story, M., Wu, H. Transient gene and microRNA expression profile changes of confluent human fibroblast cells in spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Houston, Texas, USA; Wyle Laboratories, Houston, Texas, USA; Kennedy Space Center, NASA, Cape Canaveral, Florida, USA
| | - Tao Lu
- Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Houston, Texas, USA; University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Wong
- Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Fathi Karouia
- Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, California, USA; and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael Story
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Honglu Wu
- Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Houston, Texas, USA;
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16
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Ehedego H, Boekschoten MV, Hu W, Doler C, Haybaeck J, Gaβler N, Müller M, Liedtke C, Trautwein C. p21 ablation in liver enhances DNA damage, cholestasis, and carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1144-55. [PMID: 25608711 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetic mouse studies suggest that the NF-κB pathway regulator NEMO (also known as IKKγ) controls chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis in the liver. However, the molecular mechanisms explaining the function of NEMO are not well defined. Here, we report that overexpression of the cell-cycle regulator p21 is a critical feature of liver inflammation and carcinogenesis caused by the loss of NEMO. NEMO(Δhepa) mice develop chronic hepatitis characterized by increased hepatocyte apoptosis and proliferation that causes the development of fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), similar to the situation in human liver disease. Having identified p21 overexpression in this model, we evaluated its role in disease progression and LPS-mediated liver injury in double mutant NEMO(Δhepa)/p21(-/-) mice. Eight-week-old NEMO(Δhepa)/p21(-/-) animals displayed accelerated liver damage that was not associated with alterations in cell-cycle progression or the inflammatory response. However, livers from NEMO(Δhepa)/p21(-/-) mice displayed more severe DNA damage that was further characterized by LPS administration correlating with higher lethality of the animals. This phenotype was attenuated by genetic ablation of the TNF receptor TNF-R1 in NEMO(Δhepa)/p21(-/-) mice, demonstrating that DNA damage is induced via TNF. One-year-old NEMO(Δhepa)/p21(-/-) mice displayed greater numbers of HCC and severe cholestasis compared with NEMO(Δhepa) animals. Therefore, p21 overexpression in NEMO(Δhepa) animals protects against DNA damage, acceleration of hepatocarcinogenesis, and cholestasis. Taken together, our findings illustrate how loss of NEMO promotes chronic liver inflammation and carcinogenesis, and they identify a novel protective role for p21 against the generation of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haksier Ehedego
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark V Boekschoten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carina Doler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Nikolaus Gaβler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Müller
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Liedtke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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17
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Wang W, Du Z, Yan J, Ma D, Shi M, Zhang M, Peng C, Li H. Mesenchymal stem cells promote liver regeneration and prolong survival in small-for-size liver grafts: involvement of C-Jun N-terminal kinase, cyclin D1, and NF-κB. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112532. [PMID: 25479410 PMCID: PMC4257551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been highlighted recently for treatment of acute or chronic liver injury, by possibly differentiating into hepatocyte-like cells, reducing inflammation, and enhancing tissue repair. Despite recent progress, exact mechanisms of action are not clearly elucidated. In this study, we attempted to explore whether and how MSCs protected hepatocytes and stimulated allograft regeneration in small-for-size liver transplantation (SFSLT). Methods SFSLT model was established with a 30% partial liver transplantation (30PLT) in rats. The differentiation potential and characteristics of bone marrow derived MSCs were explored in vitro. MSCs were infused transvenously immediately after graft implantation in therapy group. Expressions of apoptosis-, inflammatory-, anti-inflammatory-, and growth factor-related genes were measured by RT-PCR, activities of transcription factors AP-1 and NF-κB were analyzed by EMSA, and proliferative responses of the hepatic graft were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Results MSCs were successfully induced into hepatocyte-like cells, osteoblasts and adipocytes in vitro. MSCs therapy could not only alleviate ischemia reperfusion injury and acute inflammation to promote liver regeneration, but also profoundly improve one week survival rate. It markedly up-regulated the mRNA expressions of HGF, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, IL-6, IL-10, IP-10, and CXCR2, however, down-regulated TNF-α. Increased activities of AP-1 and NF-κB, as well as elevated expressions of p-c-Jun, cyclin D1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), were also found in MSCs therapy group. Conclusion These data suggest that MSCs therapy promotes hepatocyte proliferation and prolongs survival in SFSLT by reducing ischemia reperfusion injury and acute inflammation, and sustaining early increased expressions of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase, Cyclin D1, and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Wang
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University School of Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiqi Yan
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Di Ma
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minmin Shi
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghong Peng
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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18
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Zhang WJ, Guo Y, Yin CJ, Li Y, Yao JF, Gong CJ. Role of NF-κB in hepatic oval cell proliferation: Implications for mechanism underlying protective effects of baicalin against liver injury. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:3736-3743. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i25.3736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in hepatic oval cell proliferation and the possible mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of baicalin against liver injury.
METHODS: 64 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: a sham operation group, a model group, a low-dose baicalin group and a high-dose baicalin group. 2-acetylaminofluorene plus 2/3 partial hepatectomy (2-AAF+2/3PH) was used to establish the hepatic oval cell (HOC) proliferation model. The two baicalin groups were given 50 and 100 mg/kg of baicalin daily by lavage when modeling, respectively. The rats were killed on 1, 7, 14 and 21 d after PH in each group, and serum and liver tissue samples were collected. Hepatic pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Immunofluorescence, immunohistochemical staining, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were used to evaluate the proliferation and differentiation of HOCs and the expression of NF-κB.
RESULTS: The HOC proliferation model was successfully established. HOC proliferation began to increase after PH, peaked on the 14th day and decreased on the 21st day. The expression pattern of NF-κB was consistent with the proliferation pattern of HOCs, and they were both reduced by baicalin intervention.
CONCLUSION: HOC proliferation is related to the activation of NF-κB. Baicalin could inhibit HOC proliferation possibly through the NF-κB signaling pathway, and this may be a possible mechanism for the therapeutic effect of baicalin against liver injury.
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Guo S. Insulin signaling, resistance, and the metabolic syndrome: insights from mouse models into disease mechanisms. J Endocrinol 2014; 220:T1-T23. [PMID: 24281010 PMCID: PMC4087161 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a major underlying mechanism responsible for the 'metabolic syndrome', which is also known as insulin resistance syndrome. The incidence of the metabolic syndrome is increasing at an alarming rate, becoming a major public and clinical problem worldwide. The metabolic syndrome is represented by a group of interrelated disorders, including obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. It is also a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and increased morbidity and mortality. Animal studies have demonstrated that insulin and its signaling cascade normally control cell growth, metabolism, and survival through the activation of MAPKs and activation of phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), in which the activation of PI3K associated with insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and IRS2 and subsequent Akt→Foxo1 phosphorylation cascade has a central role in the control of nutrient homeostasis and organ survival. The inactivation of Akt and activation of Foxo1, through the suppression IRS1 and IRS2 in different organs following hyperinsulinemia, metabolic inflammation, and overnutrition, may act as the underlying mechanisms for the metabolic syndrome in humans. Targeting the IRS→Akt→Foxo1 signaling cascade will probably provide a strategy for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and its complications. This review discusses the basis of insulin signaling, insulin resistance in different mouse models, and how a deficiency of insulin signaling components in different organs contributes to the features of the metabolic syndrome. Emphasis is placed on the role of IRS1, IRS2, and associated signaling pathways that are coupled to Akt and the forkhead/winged helix transcription factor Foxo1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Guo
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Scott & White, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 1901 South 1st Street, Bldg. 205, Temple, Texas 76504, USA
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Freimuth J, Bangen JM, Lambertz D, Hu W, Nevzorova YA, Sonntag R, Gassler N, Riethmacher D, Trautwein C, Liedtke C. Loss of caspase-8 in hepatocytes accelerates the onset of liver regeneration in mice through premature nuclear factor kappa B activation. Hepatology 2013; 58:1779-89. [PMID: 23728913 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α; TNF) plays a critical role early in liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy (PH). TNF stimulates at least three different pathways leading to nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation, apoptosis signaling by way of caspase-8 (Casp8), and activation of cJun N-terminal kinases (JNK). The present study aimed to better define the role of Casp8 during liver regeneration. We performed PH in mice lacking Casp8 specifically in hepatocytes (Casp8(Δhepa) ) and determined their liver regeneration capacity by measuring liver mass restoration and kinetics of cell cycle progression. Casp8(Δhepa) mice showed an accelerated onset of DNA synthesis after PH, delayed hepatocyte mitosis, but overall normal liver mass restoration. Analysis of immediate TNF-dependent signaling pathways revealed that loss of Casp8 prevents proteolytic cleavage of the receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) in hepatocytes and subsequently triggers premature activation of NF-κB and JNK/cJun related signals. In order to define the role of NF-κB in this setting we blocked NF-κB activation in Casp8(Δhepa) mice by concomitant inactivation of the NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) in hepatocytes. Lack of NEMO largely reverted aberrant DNA synthesis in Casp8(Δhepa) mice but resulted in incomplete termination of the regeneration process and hepatomegaly. CONCLUSION Casp8 comprises a nonapoptotic function during liver regeneration by balancing RIP1, NF-κB, and JNK activation. While loss of Casp8 triggers NF-κB activation and thus improves liver regeneration, combined loss of Casp8 and NEMO impairs a controlled regenerative response and drives hepatomegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Freimuth
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Abstract
NAFLD affects a large proportion of the US population and its incidence and prevalence are increasing to epidemic proportions around the world. As with other liver diseases that cause cirrhosis, NAFLD increases the risk of liver cancer, a disease with poor outcomes and limited therapeutic options. The incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma are also rising, and HCC is now the leading cause of obesity-related cancer deaths in middle-aged men in the USA. In this Review, we summarize the correlations between liver cancer and NAFLD-related cirrhosis, and the role of the metabolic syndrome in the development of liver cancer from diverse aetiologies, including HCV-mediated cirrhosis. Recent advances in understanding the progression of NAFLD to HCC from preclinical models will also be discussed. Targeted genetic manipulation of certain metabolic or stress-response pathways, including one-carbon metabolism, NF-κB, PTEN and microRNAs, has been valuable in elucidating the pathways that regulate carcinogenesis in NAFLD. Although tremendous advances have occurred in the identification of diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities to reduce the progression of NAFLD, considerable gaps in our knowledge remain with regard to the mechanisms by which NAFLD and its risk factors promote liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Michelotti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 595 LaSalle Street, Snyderman Building, Suite 1073, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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