1
|
Nakasone ES, Zemla TJ, Yu M, Lin SY, Ou FS, Carter K, Innocenti F, Saltz L, Grady WM, Cohen SA. Evaluating the utility of ZNF331 promoter methylation as a prognostic and predictive marker in stage III colon cancer: results from CALGB 89803 (Alliance). Epigenetics 2024; 19:2349980. [PMID: 38716804 PMCID: PMC11085945 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2349980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
While epigenomic alterations are common in colorectal cancers (CRC), few epigenomic biomarkers that risk-stratify patients have been identified. We thus sought to determine the potential of ZNF331 promoter hypermethylation (mZNF331) as a prognostic and predictive marker in colon cancer. We examined the association of mZNF331 with clinicopathologic features, relapse, survival, and treatment efficacy in patients with stage III colon cancer treated within a randomized adjuvant chemotherapy trial (CALGB/Alliance89803). Residual tumour tissue was available for genomic DNA extraction and methylation analysis for 385 patients. ZNF331 promoter methylation status was determined by bisulphite conversion and fluorescence-based real-time polymerase chain reaction. Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the prognostic and predictive role of mZNF331 in this well-annotated dataset, adjusting for clinicopathologic features and standard molecular markers. mZNF331 was observed in 267/385 (69.4%) evaluable cases. Histopathologic features were largely similar between patients with mZNF331 compared to unmethylated ZNF331 (unmZNFF31). There was no significant difference in disease-free or overall survival between patients with mZNF331 versus unmZNF331 colon cancers, even when adjusting for clinicopathologic features and molecular marker status. Similarly, there was no difference in disease-free or overall survival across treatment arms when stratified by ZNF331 methylation status. While ZNF331 promoter hypermethylation is frequently observed in CRC, our current study of a small subset of patients with stage III colon cancer suggests limited applicability as a prognostic marker. Larger studies may provide more insight and clarity into the applicability of mZNF331 as a prognostic and predictive marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S. Nakasone
- Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tyler J. Zemla
- Alliance Statistics and Data Management Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ming Yu
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - She Yu Lin
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Shu Ou
- Alliance Statistics and Data Management Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kelly Carter
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Federico Innocenti
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leonard Saltz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - William M. Grady
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stacey A. Cohen
- Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang Z, Li C, Huang Y, Liang W, Tao H. Efficacy and safety of PD-1/L1 inhibitors as first-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1425596. [PMID: 39100666 PMCID: PMC11294095 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1425596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of PD-1/L1 inhibitors as first-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC). Method Articles evaluating first-line PD-1/L1 inhibitors for mCRC were sought in four databases (Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) from the inception of the databases until 11 November 2023. Meta-analyses were conducted to assess the rates of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), progressive disease (PD), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events (trAEs). Results Totally nine studies were included for meta-analysis. A subgroup analysis was performed based on mismatch repair(MMR) status and regimens. In patients diagnosed with mismatch repair-deficient(dMMR) mCRC who received PD-1/L1 inhibitors as their first-line treatment, the ORR was 0.54 (95% CI, 0.39 to 0.68), the median PFS was 53.2 months, the Grade≥ 3 TRAEs rate was 0.33(95% CI, 0.12 to 0.60) and the median OS was not determined. For patients with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) mCRC who underwent a combined treatment of PD-1/L1 inhibitors, anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody and chemotherapy as their first-line therapy, the ORR was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.68), the median PFS was 10.1 months, the median OS was 26.7 months, and the Grade≥ 3 TRAEs rate was 0.59(95% CI, 0.39 to 0.77). Conclusion Our results revealed that the utilization of PD-1/L1 inhibitors as first-line therapy for dMMR mCRC yielded highly favorable outcomes, while maintaining an acceptable level of safety. Administering a combination of PD-1/L1 inhibitors, anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, and chemotherapy as first-line treatment in patients with pMMR mCRC led to an improved ORR. However, there was no significant improvement in the long-term prognosis of the tumor. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024506196, identifier CRD42024506196.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Haiyun Tao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cai W, Xiao C, Fan T, Deng Z, Wang D, Liu Y, Li C, He J. Targeting LSD1 in cancer: Molecular elucidation and recent advances. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217093. [PMID: 38969160 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Histones are the main components of chromatin, functioning as an instructive scaffold to maintain chromosome structure and regulate gene expression. The dysregulation of histone modification is associated with various pathological processes, especially cancer initiation and development, and histone methylation plays a critical role. However, the specific mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of histone methylation in cancer are not elucidated. Lys-specific demethylase 1A (LSD1) was the first identified demethylase that specifically removes methyl groups from histone 3 at lysine 4 or lysine 9, acting as a repressor or activator of gene expression. Recent studies have shown that LSD1 promotes cancer progression in multiple epigenetic regulation or non-epigenetic manners. Notably, LSD1 dysfunction is correlated with repressive cancer immunity. Many LSD1 inhibitors have been developed and clinical trials are exploring their efficacy in monotherapy, or combined with other therapies. In this review, we summarize the oncogenic mechanisms of LSD1 and the current applications of LSD1 inhibitors. We highlight that LSD1 is a promising target for cancer treatment. This review will provide the latest theoretical references for further understanding the research progress of oncology and epigenetics, deepening the updated appreciation of epigenetics in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chu Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ziqin Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yixiao Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhao M. N6-methyladenosine modification and post-translational modification of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:209. [PMID: 38834851 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Traditionally, colorectal cancer has been recognized as a disease caused by genetic mutations. However, recent studies have revealed the significant role of epigenetic alterations in the progression of colorectal cancer. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a critical step in cancer cell metastasis, has been found to be closely associated with the tumor microenvironment and immune factors, thereby playing a crucial role in many kinds of biological behaviors of cancers. In this review, we explored the impact of N6-methyladenosine and post-translational modifications (like methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, glycosylation, etc.) on the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer and the epigenetic regulation for the transcription factors and pathways correlated to epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, we emphasized that the complex regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition by epigenetics can provide new strategies for overcoming drug resistance and improving treatment outcomes. This review aims to provide important scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer based on epigenetic modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yufan Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhao
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li X, Xiang Y, Zhen Y, Yu Y. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy in a locally advanced colon cancer patient with MSI-H and suspected Lynch syndrome: A case report. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2024. [PMID: 38604219 DOI: 10.1055/a-2258-8565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Carrilizumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, has shown therapeutic effectiveness in patients with late-stage or metastatic solid tumors exhibiting DNA mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H). dMMR/MSI-H cancer patients are known to be responsive to PD-1 inhibitors. However, the use of carrilizumab for preoperative immunotherapy in early, unresectable MSI-H/dMMR primary colon cancer lesions is relatively underexplored. We present the case of a 46-year-old male who sought medical attention at our institution due to a history of hematochezia for two weeks, right-sided abdominal pain for one week, and loose stools. Imaging indicated duodenal involvement, and a biopsy confirmed ascending colon adenocarcinoma with MSI-H status. Given that the patient's family exhibited a history of more than three confirmed cases of colorectal cancer spanning two generations, Lynch syndrome was considered. After four cycles of PD-1 antagonist immunotherapy with carrilizumab, the patient's symptoms resolved, and physical examination revealed no abdominal tenderness or palpable masses. Following radical colectomy, the primary tumor exhibited a pathological complete response. This case highlights the potential of preoperative neoadjuvant immunotherapy to improve staging accuracy and increase surgical resection rates in T4b MSI-H colon cancer patients without distant metastasis, suggesting a need for reconsideration of the treatment approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yining Xiang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunhuan Zhen
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Guiyang Public Health Clinical Center, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu J, Li S, Ma Y, Zhi W, Chen T, Huang X, Huang C, Zhou X, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Zheng G, Wang Z, Zhong X, Cai H, Wang W, Sun P, Zhou H. 3D hierarchic interfacial assembly of Au nanocage@Au along with IS-AgMNPs for simultaneous, ultrasensitive, reliable, and quantitative SERS detection of colorectal cancer related miRNAs. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 248:115993. [PMID: 38183788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Simultaneous, reliable, and ultra-sensitive analysis of promising miRNA biomarkers of colorectal cancer (CRC) in serum is critical for early diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. In this work, we proposed a novel 3D hierarchic assembly clusters-based SERS strategy with dual enrichment and enhancement designed for the ultrasensitive and quantitative analysis of two upregulated CRC-related miRNAs (miR-21 and miR-31). The biosensor contains the following: (1) SERS probe, Au nanocage@Au nanoparticles (AuNC@Au NPs) labeled with Raman reporters (RaRs). (2) magnetic capture unit, Ag-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (AgMNPs) modified with internal standard (IS). (3) signal amplify probes (SA probes) for the formation of hierarchic assembly clusters. Based on this sensing strategy, the intensity ratio IRaRs/IIS with Lg miRNAs presents a wide linear range (10 aM-100 pM) with a limit of detection of 3.46 aM for miR-21, 6.49 aM for miR-31, respectively. Moreover, the biosensor shows good specificity and anti-interference ability, and the reliability and repeatability of the strategy were then verified by practical detection of clinical serum. Finally, the biosensor can distinguish CRC cancer subjects from normal ones and guide the distinct tumor, lymph node, and metastasis (TNM) stages. Overall, benefiting from the face-to-face coupling of hierarchic assembly clusters, rapid magnetic enrichment and IS signal calibration of AgMNPs, the established biosensor achieves ultra-sensitive and simultaneous detection of dual miRNAs and opens potential avenues for prediction and staging of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shengrong Li
- College of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yiling Ma
- College of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Weixia Zhi
- College of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- College of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xueqin Huang
- College of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Guangchao Zheng
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xing Zhong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Huaihong Cai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenxia Wang
- College of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Pinghua Sun
- College of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Haibo Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shim H, Jang K, Bang YH, Chu HBK, Kang J, Lee JY, Cho S, Lee HS, Jeon J, Hwang T, Joe S, Lim J, Choi JH, Joo EH, Park K, Moon JH, Han KY, Hong Y, Lee WY, Kim HC, Yun SH, Cho YB, Park YA, Huh JW, Shin JK, Pyo DH, Hong H, Lee HO, Park WY, Yang JO, Kim YJ. Comprehensive profiling of DNA methylation in Korean patients with colorectal cancer. BMB Rep 2024; 57:110-115. [PMID: 37605617 PMCID: PMC10910091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in DNA methylation play an important pathophysiological role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. We comprehensively profiled DNA methylation alterations in 165 Korean patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), and conducted an in-depth investigation of cancer-specific methylation patterns. Our analysis of the tumor samples revealed a significant presence of hypomethylated probes, primarily within the gene body regions; few hypermethylated sites were observed, which were mostly enriched in promoter-like and CpG island regions. The CpG Island Methylator PhenotypeHigh (CIMP-H) exhibited notable enrichment of microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H). Additionally, our findings indicated a significant correlation between methylation of the MLH1 gene and MSI-H status. Furthermore, we found that the CIMP-H had a higher tendency to affect the right-side of the colon tissues and was slightly more prevalent among older patients. Through our methylome profile analysis, we successfully verified the thylation patterns and clinical characteristics of Korean patients with CRC. This valuable dataset lays a strong foundation for exploring novel molecular insights and potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of CRC. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(2): 110-115].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeran Shim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kiwon Jang
- Korea Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yeong Hak Bang
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hoang Bao Khanh Chu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jisun Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sheehyun Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hong Seok Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jongbum Jeon
- Korea Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Taeyeon Hwang
- Korea Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Soobok Joe
- Korea Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jinyeong Lim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Choi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Joo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Kyunghee Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea, Seoul 04779, Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Moon
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea, Seoul 04779, Korea
| | - Kyung Yeon Han
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea, Seoul 04779, Korea
| | - Yourae Hong
- Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, Seoul 04779, Korea
| | - Woo Yong Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hee Cheol Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Seong Hyeon Yun
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Yong Beom Cho
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Yoon Ah Park
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Jung Wook Huh
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Jung Kyong Shin
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Dae Hee Pyo
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hyekyung Hong
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hae-Ock Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea, Seoul 04779, Korea
| | - Jin Ok Yang
- Korea Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- LepiDyne Co., Ltd., Seoul 04779, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ye J, Zhang J, Ding W. DNA methylation modulates epigenetic regulation in colorectal cancer diagnosis, prognosis and precision medicine. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:34-53. [PMID: 38464391 PMCID: PMC10918240 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifaceted disease influenced by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. The clinical heterogeneity of CRC cannot be attributed exclusively to genetic diversity and environmental exposures, and epigenetic markers, especially DNA methylation, play a critical role as key molecular markers of cancer. This review compiles a comprehensive body of evidence underscoring the significant involvement of DNA methylation modifications in the pathogenesis of CRC. Moreover, this review explores the potential utility of DNA methylation in cancer diagnosis, prognostics, assessment of disease activity, and prediction of drug responses. Recognizing the impact of DNA methylation will enhance the ability to identify distinct CRC subtypes, paving the way for personalized treatment strategies and advancing precision medicine in the management of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian 223800, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weifeng Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rezkitha YAA, Panenggak NSR, Lusida MI, Rianda RV, Mahmudah I, Pradana AD, Uchida T, Miftahussurur M. Detecting colorectal cancer using genetic and epigenetic biomarkers: screening and diagnosis. J Med Life 2024; 17:4-14. [PMID: 38737656 PMCID: PMC11080499 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent types of cancer, with high incidence rates and mortality globally. The extended timeframe for developing CRC allows for the potential screening and early identification of the disease. Furthermore, studies have shown that survival rates for patients with cancer are increased when diagnoses are made at earlier stages. Recent research suggests that the development of CRC, including its precancerous lesion, is influenced not only by genetic factors but also by epigenetic variables. Studies suggest epigenetics plays a significant role in cancer development, particularly CRC. While this approach is still in its early stages and faces challenges due to the variability of CRC, it shows promise as a potential method for understanding and addressing the disease. This review examined the current evidence supporting genetic and epigenetic biomarkers for screening and diagnosis. In addition, we also discussed the feasibility of translating these methodologies into clinical settings. Several markers show promising potential, including the methylation of vimentin (VIM), syndecan-2 (SDC2), and septin 9 (SEPT9). However, their application as screening and diagnostic tools, particularly for early-stage CRC, has not been fully optimized, and their effectiveness needs validation in large, multi-center patient populations. Extensive trials and further investigation are required to translate genetic and epigenetic biomarkers into practical clinical use. biomarkers, diagnostic biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudith Annisa Ayu Rezkitha
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nur Syahadati Retno Panenggak
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Maria Inge Lusida
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Raissa Virgy Rianda
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Isna Mahmudah
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Aditya Doni Pradana
- Department of Emergency Services, Kendal Islamic Hospital, Kendal, Indonesia
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tomohisa Uchida
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sardari A, Usefi H. Machine learning-based meta-analysis of colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290192. [PMID: 38134011 PMCID: PMC10745176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health concern, resulting in numerous cancer-related deaths. CRC detection, treatment, and prevention can be improved by identifying genes and biomarkers. Despite extensive research, the underlying mechanisms of CRC remain elusive, and previously identified biomarkers have not yielded satisfactory insights. This shortfall may be attributed to the predominance of univariate analysis methods, which overlook potential combinations of variants and genes contributing to disease development. Here, we address this knowledge gap by presenting a novel multivariate machine-learning strategy to pinpoint genes associated with CRC. Additionally, we applied our analysis pipeline to Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), as IBD patients face substantial CRC risk. The importance of the identified genes was substantiated by rigorous validation across numerous independent datasets. Several of the discovered genes have been previously linked to CRC, while others represent novel findings warranting further investigation. A Python implementation of our pipeline can be accessed publicly at https://github.com/AriaSar/CRCIBD-ML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aria Sardari
- Department of Computer Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Hamid Usefi
- Department of Computer Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ambrosio MR, Niccolai E, Petrelli F, Di Gloria L, Bertacca G, Giusti A, Baldi S, Cavazzana A, Palmeri M, Perotti B, Ramazzotti M, Arganini M, Amedei A. Immune landscape and oncobiota in HPV-Associated Colorectal Cancer: an explorative study. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:5101-5112. [PMID: 37612430 PMCID: PMC10725376 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide more than 550,000 new patients suffering from malignant tumors are associated with human papillomaviruses (HPV) infection. However, only a small portion of patients infected progress to cancer, suggesting that other factors other than HPV may play a role. Some studies have investigated HPV infection in colorectal cancer (CRC) with discordant results; moreover, the role of HPV in CRC development is still unknown. We investigated HPV infection in 50 CRC from different regions, excluding the anal one, by immunohistochemistry (IHC), real-time PCR and RNA-seq. For each patient, we studied the tumor microenvironment in neoplastic and matched non-neoplastic samples, and we compared the tumor-infiltrating immune cell phenotypes among HPV-positive and negative samples. Finally, we compared the CRC-associated microbiota in HPV-positive and negative neoplastic samples by 16S rRNA sequencing. HPV infection was identified in 20% of CRC from the right side (caecum, ascending and transverse colon) and in 40% from the left side (descending colon and rectum). In all HPV-positive CRCs we found no expression of p53 and RB, thus suggesting HPV involvement in tumorigenesis. As far as the tumor microenvironment is concerned, in HPV-related cancers we observed a neoplastic environment with a reduced immune surveillance but an enhanced cytotoxic response by lymphocytes. HPV-positive and -negative CRC showed a different microbiota with lack of species normally found in CRC in the HPV-positive ones. Our results support the carcinogenic significance of HPV in CRC, suggesting a role of HPV in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Leandro Di Gloria
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, "Mario Serio" University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gloria Bertacca
- Clinical Chemical Analysis and Immuno Allergology Department, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Giusti
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Baldi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Palmeri
- Surgery Unit, Ospedale Unico Versilia, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Pisa, Italy
| | - Bruno Perotti
- Surgery Unit, Ospedale Unico Versilia, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, "Mario Serio" University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Arganini
- Surgery Unit, Ospedale Unico Versilia, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Pisa, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
- Internal Interdisciplinary Medicine Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Taraborrelli L, Şenbabaoğlu Y, Wang L, Lim J, Blake K, Kljavin N, Gierke S, Scherl A, Ziai J, McNamara E, Owyong M, Rao S, Calviello AK, Oreper D, Jhunjhunwala S, Argiles G, Bendell J, Kim TW, Ciardiello F, Wongchenko MJ, de Sauvage FJ, de Sousa E Melo F, Yan Y, West NR, Murthy A. Tumor-intrinsic expression of the autophagy gene Atg16l1 suppresses anti-tumor immunity in colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5945. [PMID: 37741832 PMCID: PMC10517947 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer (MSS-CRC) is highly refractory to immunotherapy. Understanding tumor-intrinsic determinants of immunotherapy resistance is critical to improve MSS-CRC patient outcomes. Here, we demonstrate that high tumor expression of the core autophagy gene ATG16L1 is associated with poor clinical response to anti-PD-L1 therapy in KRAS-mutant tumors from IMblaze370 (NCT02788279), a large phase III clinical trial of atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) in advanced metastatic MSS-CRC. Deletion of Atg16l1 in engineered murine colon cancer organoids inhibits tumor growth in primary (colon) and metastatic (liver and lung) niches in syngeneic female hosts, primarily due to increased sensitivity to IFN-γ-mediated immune pressure. ATG16L1 deficiency enhances programmed cell death of colon cancer organoids induced by IFN-γ and TNF, thus increasing their sensitivity to host immunity. In parallel, ATG16L1 deficiency reduces tumor stem-like populations in vivo independently of adaptive immune pressure. This work reveals autophagy as a clinically relevant mechanism of immune evasion and tumor fitness in MSS-CRC and provides a rationale for autophagy inhibition to boost immunotherapy responses in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Taraborrelli
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Yasin Şenbabaoğlu
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Lifen Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Junghyun Lim
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Kerrigan Blake
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Noelyn Kljavin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Sarah Gierke
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Alexis Scherl
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - James Ziai
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Erin McNamara
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Mark Owyong
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Shilpa Rao
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Daniel Oreper
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Suchit Jhunjhunwala
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Guillem Argiles
- Vall d'Hebrón Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johanna Bendell
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tae Won Kim
- Department of Oncology, Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Yibing Yan
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nathaniel R West
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA.
| | - Aditya Murthy
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA.
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hu J, Lin H, Wang C, Su Q, Cao B. METTL14‑mediated RNA methylation in digestive system tumors. Int J Mol Med 2023; 52:86. [PMID: 37539726 PMCID: PMC10555478 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
N6‑methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is one of the most common post‑transcriptional modification mechanism in eukaryotes. m6A is involved in almost all stages of the mRNA life cycle, specifically regulating its stability, splicing, export and translation. Methyltransferase‑like 14 (METTL14) is a particularly important m6A methylation 'writer' that can recognize RNA substrates. METTL14 has been documented to improve the activity and catalytic efficiency of METTL3. However, as individual proteins they can also regulate different biological processes. Malignancies in the digestive system are some of the most common malignancies found in humans, which are typically associated with poor prognoses with limited clinical solutions. METTL14‑mediated methylation has been implicated in both the potentiation and inhibition of digestive system tumor growth, cell invasion and metastasis, in addition to drug resistance. In the present review, the research progress and regulatory mechanisms of METTL14‑mediated methylation in digestive system malignancies were summarized. In addition, future research directions and the potential for its clinical application were examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiexuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Haishan Lin
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Su
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bayramov B, Bayramov N, Aslanov H, Karimova N, Gasimov K, Shahmuradov I, Reißfelder C, Yagublu V. Association of miR-149 T>C and miR-196a2 C>T Polymorphisms with Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility: A Case-Control Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2341. [PMID: 37760783 PMCID: PMC10525737 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The principal aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between miR-149 T>C (rs2292832) and miR-196a2 C>T (rs11614913) small non-coding RNA polymorphisms and the risk of developing CRC in the Azerbaijani population. The study included 120 patients diagnosed with CRC and 125 healthy individuals. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all the subjects in EDTA tubes and DNA extraction was performed by salting out. Polymorphisms were determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. While comparing without gender distinction no statistical correlation was found between the heterozygous TC (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.37-1.15; p = 0.142), mutant CC (OR = 1.23; 95% CI = 0.62-2.45; p = 0.550), and mutant C (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.72-1.49; p = 0.859) alleles of the miR-149 gene and the CT (OR = 1.23; 95% CI = 0.69-2.20; p = 0.485), mutant TT (OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 0.67-2.47; p = 0.452), and mutant T (OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 0.82-1.67; p = 0.388) alleles of the miR-196a2 gene and the risk of CRC. However, among women, miR-149 TC (OR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.19-1.01; p = 0.048) correlated with a reduced risk of CRC, whereas miR-196a2 CT (OR = 2.77; 95% CI = 1.13-6.79; p = 0.025) correlated with an increased risk of CRC. Our findings indicated that miR-149 T>C (rs2292832) might play a protective role in the development of CRC in female patients, whereas the miR-196a2 (rs11614913) polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of CRC in women in the Azerbaijani population, highlighting the importance of gender dimorphism in cancer etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bayram Bayramov
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Genetic Resources Institute of Ministry of Science and Education, Baku AZ1106, Azerbaijan; (B.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Nuru Bayramov
- Department of Surgery, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku AZ1022, Azerbaijan;
| | - Hazi Aslanov
- Department of Surgery, Scientific Center of Surgery, Baku AZ1122, Azerbaijan;
| | - Nigar Karimova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Genetic Resources Institute of Ministry of Science and Education, Baku AZ1106, Azerbaijan; (B.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Karim Gasimov
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biophysics of Ministry of Science and Education, Baku AZ1141, Azerbaijan;
| | - Ilham Shahmuradov
- Bioinformatics Lab, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of Ministry of Science and Education, Baku AZ1141, Azerbaijan;
- Integrative Biology Lab, Institute of Biophysics of Ministry of Science and Education, Baku AZ1141, Azerbaijan
| | - Christoph Reißfelder
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Vugar Yagublu
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Thibaudin M, Fumet JD, Chibaudel B, Bennouna J, Borg C, Martin-Babau J, Cohen R, Fonck M, Taieb J, Limagne E, Blanc J, Ballot E, Hampe L, Bon M, Daumoine S, Peroz M, Mananet H, Derangère V, Boidot R, Michaud HA, Laheurte C, Adotevi O, Bertaut A, Truntzer C, Ghiringhelli F. First-line durvalumab and tremelimumab with chemotherapy in RAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer: a phase 1b/2 trial. Nat Med 2023; 29:2087-2098. [PMID: 37563240 PMCID: PMC10427431 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Although patients with microsatellite instable metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) benefit from immune checkpoint blockade, chemotherapy with targeted therapies remains the only therapeutic option for microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors. The single-arm, phase 1b/2 MEDITREME trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of durvalumab plus tremelimumab combined with mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy in first line, in 57 patients with RAS-mutant unresectable metastatic CRC. Safety was the primary objective of phase Ib; no safety issue was observed. The phase 2 primary objective of efficacy in terms of 3-month progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with MSS tumors was met, with 3-month PFS of 90.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 79.2-96%). For secondary objectives, response rate was 64.5%; median PFS was 8.2 months (95% CI: 5.9-8.6); and overall survival was not reached in patients with MSS tumors. We observed higher tumor mutational burden and lower genomic instability in responders. Integrated transcriptomic analysis underlined that high immune signature and low epithelial-mesenchymal transition were associated with better outcome. Immunomonitoring showed induction of neoantigen and NY-ESO1 and TERT blood tumor-specific T cell response associated with better PFS. The combination of durvalumab-tremelimumab with mFOLFOX6 was tolerable with promising clinical activity in MSS mCRC. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03202758 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Thibaudin
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
- Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-François Leclerc Anticancer Center, UNICANCER, Dijon, France.
- Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France.
| | - Jean-David Fumet
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
- Genetic and Immunology Medical Institute, Dijon, France
| | - Benoist Chibaudel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Franco-Britannique - Fondation Cognacq-Jay, Levallois-Perret, France
| | | | | | | | - Romain Cohen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Saint Antoine, Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marianne Fonck
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Taieb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Emeric Limagne
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-François Leclerc Anticancer Center, UNICANCER, Dijon, France
- Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Julie Blanc
- Department of Statistics, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Elise Ballot
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-François Leclerc Anticancer Center, UNICANCER, Dijon, France
- Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Léa Hampe
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-François Leclerc Anticancer Center, UNICANCER, Dijon, France
- Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Marjorie Bon
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-François Leclerc Anticancer Center, UNICANCER, Dijon, France
- Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Susy Daumoine
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-François Leclerc Anticancer Center, UNICANCER, Dijon, France
- Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Morgane Peroz
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-François Leclerc Anticancer Center, UNICANCER, Dijon, France
- Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Hugo Mananet
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-François Leclerc Anticancer Center, UNICANCER, Dijon, France
- Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Valentin Derangère
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-François Leclerc Anticancer Center, UNICANCER, Dijon, France
- Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Romain Boidot
- Unit of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-François Leclerc Anticancer Center, UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - Henri-Alexandre Michaud
- Plateforme de Cytométrie et d'Imagerie de Masse, IRCM, University of Montpellier, ICM, Inserm Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Laheurte
- INSERM EFS UMR1098 RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur - Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Olivier Adotevi
- Department of Medical Oncology, CHU, Besançon, France
- INSERM EFS UMR1098 RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur - Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Aurélie Bertaut
- Department of Statistics, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Caroline Truntzer
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-François Leclerc Anticancer Center, UNICANCER, Dijon, France
- Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France
- Genetic and Immunology Medical Institute, Dijon, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
- Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-François Leclerc Anticancer Center, UNICANCER, Dijon, France.
- Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France.
- Genetic and Immunology Medical Institute, Dijon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cann CG, LaPelusa MB, Cimino SK, Eng C. Molecular and genetic targets within metastatic colorectal cancer and associated novel treatment advancements. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1176950. [PMID: 37409250 PMCID: PMC10319053 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1176950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer results in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of patients worldwide each year, with incidence expected to rise over the next two decades. In the metastatic setting, cytotoxic therapy options remain limited, which is reflected in the meager improvement of patient survival rates. Therefore, focus has turned to the identification of the mutational composition inherent to colorectal cancers and development of therapeutic targeted agents. Herein, we review the most up to date systemic treatment strategies for metastatic colorectal cancer based on the actionable molecular alterations and genetic profiles of colorectal malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G. Cann
- Department of Medicine: Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Michael B. LaPelusa
- Department of Medicine: Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sarah K. Cimino
- Department of Pharmacy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Cathy Eng
- Department of Medicine: Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tricarico R, Madzo J, Scher G, Cohen M, Jelinek J, Maegawa S, Nagarathinam R, Scher C, Chang WC, Nicolas E, Slifker M, Zhou Y, Devarajan K, Cai KQ, Kwok T, Nakajima P, Xu J, Mancuso P, Doneddu V, Bagella L, Williams R, Balachandran S, Maskalenko N, Campbell K, Ma X, Cañadas I, Viana-Errasti J, Moreno V, Valle L, Grivennikov S, Peshkova I, Kurilenko N, Mazitova A, Koltsova E, Lee H, Walsh M, Duttweiler R, Whetstine JR, Yen TJ, Issa JP, Bellacosa A. TET1 and TDG Suppress Inflammatory Response in Intestinal Tumorigenesis: Implications for Colorectal Tumors With the CpG Island Methylator Phenotype. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:921-936.e1. [PMID: 36764492 PMCID: PMC10586516 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Aberrant DNA methylation is frequent in colorectal cancer (CRC), but underlying mechanisms and pathologic consequences are poorly understood. METHODS We disrupted active DNA demethylation genes Tet1 and/or Tdg from ApcMin mice and characterized the methylome and transcriptome of colonic adenomas. Data were compared to human colonic adenocarcinomas (COAD) in The Cancer Genome Atlas. RESULTS There were increased numbers of small intestinal adenomas in ApcMin mice expressing the TdgN151A allele, whereas Tet1-deficient and Tet1/TdgN151A-double heterozygous ApcMin colonic adenomas were larger with features of erosion and invasion. We detected reduction in global DNA hypomethylation in colonic adenomas from Tet1- and Tdg-mutant ApcMin mice and hypermethylation of CpG islands in Tet1-mutant ApcMin adenomas. Up-regulation of inflammatory, immune, and interferon response genes was present in Tet1- and Tdg-mutant colonic adenomas compared to control ApcMin adenomas. This up-regulation was also seen in murine colonic organoids and human CRC lines infected with lentiviruses expressing TET1 or TDG short hairpin RNA. A 127-gene inflammatory signature separated colonic adenocarcinomas into 4 groups, closely aligned with their microsatellite or chromosomal instability and characterized by different levels of DNA methylation and DNMT1 expression that anticorrelated with TET1 expression. Tumors with the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) had concerted high DNMT1/low TET1 expression. TET1 or TDG knockdown in CRC lines enhanced killing by natural killer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a novel epigenetic regulation, linked to the type of genomic instability, by which TET1/TDG-mediated DNA demethylation decreases methylation levels and inflammatory/interferon/immune responses. CIMP in CRC is triggered by an imbalance of methylating activities over demethylating activities. These mice represent a model of CIMP CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Tricarico
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jozef Madzo
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Gabrielle Scher
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maya Cohen
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Shinji Maegawa
- University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Carly Scher
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wen-Chi Chang
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emmanuelle Nicolas
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Slifker
- Department of Biostatistics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karthik Devarajan
- Department of Biostatistics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathy Q Cai
- Experimental Histopathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tim Kwok
- Cell Culture Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Pamela Nakajima
- Cell Culture Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jinfei Xu
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Pietro Mancuso
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Valentina Doneddu
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Luigi Bagella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Riley Williams
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Siddharth Balachandran
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicholas Maskalenko
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kerry Campbell
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xueying Ma
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Israel Cañadas
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julen Viana-Errasti
- Hereditary Cancer Program Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell Program, Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell Program, Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Program Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell Program, Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergei Grivennikov
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Iuliia Peshkova
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Natalia Kurilenko
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aleksandra Mazitova
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ekaterina Koltsova
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hayan Lee
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Martin Walsh
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Reuben Duttweiler
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Johnathan R Whetstine
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy J Yen
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Alfonso Bellacosa
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kalita A, Sikora-Skrabaka M, Nowakowska-Zajdel E. Role of Some microRNA/ADAM Proteins Axes in Gastrointestinal Cancers as a Novel Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets—A Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2917-2936. [PMID: 37185715 PMCID: PMC10136553 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are some of the most common cancers in the world and their number is increasing. Their etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear. ADAM proteins are a family of transmembrane and secreted metalloproteinases that play a role in cancerogenesis, metastasis and neoangiogenesis. MicroRNAs are small single-stranded non-coding RNAs that take part in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Some ADAM proteins can be targets for microRNAs. In this review, we analyze the impact of microRNA/ADAM protein axes in GI cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kalita
- Department of Nutrition-Related Disease Prevention, Department of Metabolic Disease Prevention, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Clinical Oncology, No. 4 Provincial Specialist Hospital, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sikora-Skrabaka
- Department of Nutrition-Related Disease Prevention, Department of Metabolic Disease Prevention, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Clinical Oncology, No. 4 Provincial Specialist Hospital, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Ewa Nowakowska-Zajdel
- Department of Nutrition-Related Disease Prevention, Department of Metabolic Disease Prevention, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Clinical Oncology, No. 4 Provincial Specialist Hospital, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases: Genomics and Biomarkers with Focus on Local Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061679. [PMID: 36980565 PMCID: PMC10046329 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular cancer biomarkers help personalize treatment, predict oncologic outcomes, and identify patients who can benefit from specific targeted therapies. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-most common cancer, with the liver being the most frequent visceral metastatic site. KRAS, NRAS, BRAF V600E Mutations, DNA Mismatch Repair Deficiency/Microsatellite Instability Status, HER2 Amplification, and NTRK Fusions are NCCN approved and actionable molecular biomarkers for colorectal cancer. Additional biomarkers are also described and can be helpful in different image-guided hepatic directed therapies specifically for CRLM. For example, tumors maintaining the Ki-67 proliferation marker after thermal ablation was shown to be particularly resilient to ablation. Ablation margin was also shown to be an important factor in predicting local recurrence, with a ≥10 mm minimal ablation margin being required to attain local tumor control, especially for patients with mutant KRAS CRLM.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang Y, Zhou L, Xu Y, Zhou J, Jiang T, Wang J, Li C, Sun X, Song H, Song J. Targeting SMYD2 inhibits angiogenesis and increases the efficiency of apatinib by suppressing EGFL7 in colorectal cancer. Angiogenesis 2023; 26:1-18. [PMID: 35503397 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-022-09839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential factor affecting the occurrence and development of solid tumors. SET And MYND Domain Containing 2 (SMYD2) serves as an oncogene in various cancers. However, whether SMYD2 is involved in tumor angiogenesis remains unclear. Here, we report that SMYD2 expression is associated with microvessel density in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. SMYD2 promotes CRC angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SMYD2 physically interacts with HNRNPK and mediates lysine monomethylation at K422 of HNRNPK, which substantially increases RNA binding activity. HNRNPK acts by binding and stabilizing EGFL7 mRNA. As an angiogenic stimulant, EGFL7 enhances CRC angiogenesis. H3K4me3 maintained by PHF8 mediates the abnormal overexpression of SMYD2 in CRC. Moreover, targeting SMYD2 blocks CRC angiogenesis in tumor xenografts. Treatment with BAY-598, a functional inhibitor of SMYD2, can also synergize with apatinib in patient-derived xenografts. Overall, our findings reveal a new regulatory axis of CRC angiogenesis and provide a potential strategy for antiangiogenic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99, Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yixin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99, Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingyu Zhou
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99, Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99, Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99, Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99, Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hu Song
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99, Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jun Song
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99, Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China.
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Boland CR. What Is Driving Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer? GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2023; 2:301-302. [PMID: 39132658 PMCID: PMC11307468 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Richard Boland
- Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology), UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Manoj G, Anjali K, Presannan A, Melethadathil N, Suravajhala R, Suravajhala P. Epigenetics, genomics imprinting and non-coding RNAs. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 197:93-104. [PMID: 37019598 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic traits are heritable phenotypes caused by alterations in chromosomes rather than DNA sequences. The actual epigenetic expression of the somatic cells of a species is identical, however, they may show distinct subtleties in various cell types in which they may be affected. Several recent studies demonstrated that the epigenetic system plays a very important role in regulating all biological natural processes in the body from birth to death. We outline the essential elements of epigenetics, genomic imprinting, and non-coding RNAs in this mini-review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gautham Manoj
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana, Kerala, India
| | - Krishna Anjali
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana, Kerala, India
| | - Anandhu Presannan
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana, Kerala, India
| | | | - Renuka Suravajhala
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana, Kerala, India
| | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana, Kerala, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Eriksen M, Pfeiffer P, Rohrberg KS, Yde CW, Petersen LN, Poulsen LØ, Qvortrup C. A phase II study of daily encorafenib in combination with biweekly cetuximab in patients with BRAF V600E mutated metastatic colorectal cancer: the NEW BEACON study. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1321. [PMID: 36527039 PMCID: PMC9758813 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with BRAF V600E mutated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) have a poor prognosis. The introduction of BRAF targeted therapy with encorafenib and weekly administered cetuximab have shown improved survival with a median progression free survival (PFS) of 4.3 months. However, a regimen with cetuximab given every second week may have comparable efficacy and is more convenient for patients. While BRAF targeted therapy is a new standard therapy in pre-treated patients with BRAF V600E mutated mCRC, resistance invariably occurs and is an emerging challenge. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of cetuximab given every second week in combination with daily encorafenib and to explore the correlation between markers of resistance and outcome. METHODS The study is an open label, single arm, phase II study, investigating the efficacy and tolerability of cetuximab given every second week in combination with encorafenib in patients with BRAF V600E mutated mCRC. Furthermore, we will be investigating mechanisms of response and resistance against BRAF targeted therapy though comprehensive genomic profiling on tumor tissue and blood for circulating tumor DNA analysis. A total of 53 patients (19 + 34 in two steps) will be included according to Simon's optimal two stage design. The primary end point of the study is 2 months PFS rate. DISCUSSION By combining BRAF inhibitor with cetuximab given every second week we can halve the number of visits in the hospital compared to the currently approved regimen with weekly cetuximab. This seems particularly relevant in a group of patients with a median overall survival of 9.3 months. Resistance after initial response to targeted therapy can be either adaptive (e.g., epigenetic, or transcriptomic alterations) or acquired (selective genetic alterations - e.g., activating de novo mutations) resistance. It is of great importance to untangle these complex mechanisms of resistance in patients with BRAF V600E mutated mCRC to improve treatment strategies in the future potentially even further. TRIAL REGISTRATION EU Clinical Trial Register, Eudract no. 2020-003283-10 . Registered on 11 November 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Eriksen
- grid.475435.4Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Pfeiffer
- grid.7143.10000 0004 0512 5013Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Staal Rohrberg
- grid.475435.4Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Westmose Yde
- grid.475435.4Department of Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lone Nørgård Petersen
- grid.475435.4Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Camilla Qvortrup
- grid.475435.4Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kashyap S, Pal S, Chandan G, Saini V, Chakrabarti S, Saini NK, Mittal A, Thakur VK, Saini AK, Saini RV. Understanding the cross-talk between human microbiota and gastrointestinal cancer for developing potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:643-651. [PMID: 33971261 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between gut microbes and gastrointestinal (GI) tract carcinogenesis has always attracted researchers' attention to identify therapeutic targets or potential prognostic biomarkers. Various studies have suggested that the microbiota do show inflammation and immune dysregulation, which led to carcinogenesis in GI tract. In this review, we have focused on the role of microbes present in the gut, intestine, or faeces in GI tract cancers, including esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer. Herein, we have discussed the importance of the microbes and their metabolites, which could serve as diagnostic biomarkers for cancer detection, especially in the early stage, and prognostic markers. To maximize the effect of the treatment strategies, an accurate evaluation of the prognosis is imperative for clinicians. There is a vast difference in the microbiota profiles within a population and across the populations depending upon age, diet, lifestyle, genetic makeup, use of antibiotics, and environmental factors. Therefore, the diagnostic efficiency of the microbial markers needs to be further validated. A deeper understanding of the GI cancer and the host microbiota is needed to acquire pivotal information about disease status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Kashyap
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Soumya Pal
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Gourav Chandan
- Central Research Cell, MM Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Vipin Saini
- Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sasanka Chakrabarti
- Central Research Cell, MM Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Neeraj K Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Amit Mittal
- Central Research Cell, MM Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Adesh K Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India.
| | - Reena V Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Puccini A, Seeber A, Berger MD. Biomarkers in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Status Quo and Future Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4828. [PMID: 36230751 PMCID: PMC9564318 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent cancer worldwide, and its incidence is steadily increasing. During the last two decades, a tremendous improvement in outcome has been achieved, mainly due to the introduction of novel drugs, targeted treatment, immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) and biomarker-driven patient selection. Moreover, progress in molecular diagnostics but also improvement in surgical techniques and local ablative treatments significantly contributed to this success. However, novel therapeutic approaches are needed to further improve outcome in patients diagnosed with metastatic CRC. Besides the established biomarkers for mCRC, such as microsatellite instability (MSI) or mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR), RAS/BRAF, sidedness and HER2 amplification, new biomarkers have to be identified to better select patients who derive the most benefit from a specific treatment. In this review, we provide an overview about therapeutic relevant and established biomarkers but also shed light on potential promising markers that may help us to better tailor therapy to the individual mCRC patient in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Puccini
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andreas Seeber
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin D Berger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
RGS10 suppression by DNA methylation is associated with low survival rates in colorectal carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 236:154007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
27
|
Li S, Wang B, Chang M, Hou R, Tian G, Tong L. A Novel Algorithm for Detecting Microsatellite Instability Based on Next-Generation Sequencing Data. Front Oncol 2022; 12:916379. [PMID: 35847873 PMCID: PMC9280483 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.916379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Microsatellite instability (MSI) is the condition of genetic hypermutability caused by spontaneous acquisition or loss of nucleotides during the DNA replication. MSI has been discovered to be a useful immunotherapy biomarker clinically. The main DNA-based method for MSI detection is polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and fragment length analysis, which are costly and laborious. Thus, we developed a novel method to detect MSI based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. Methods We chose six markers of MSI. After alignment and reads counting, a histogram was plotted showing the counts of different lengths for each marker. We then designed an algorithm to discover peaks in the generated histograms so that the peak numbers discovered in NGS data resembled that in PCR-based method. Results We selected nine samples as the training dataset, 101 samples for validation, and 68 samples as the test dataset from Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Inner Mongolia, China. The NGS-based method achieved 100% accuracy for the validation dataset and 98.53% accuracy for the test dataset, in which only one false positive was detected. Conclusions Accurate MSI judgments were achieved using NGS data, which could provide comparable MSI detection with the gold standard, PCR-based methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Li
- Pathology Department, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Science Department, Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Chang
- Pathology Department, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Science Department, Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Science Department, Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Geng Tian, ; Ling Tong,
| | - Ling Tong
- Pathology Department, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Geng Tian, ; Ling Tong,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sukocheva OA, Liu J, Neganova ME, Beeraka NM, Aleksandrova YR, Manogaran P, Grigorevskikh EM, Chubarev VN, Fan R. Perspectives of using microRNA-loaded nanocarriers for epigenetic reprogramming of drug resistant colorectal cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:358-375. [PMID: 35623562 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation by microRNAs (miRs) demonstrated a promising therapeutic potential of these molecules to regulate genetic activity in different cancers, including colorectal cancers (CRCs). The RNA-based therapy does not change genetic codes in tumor cells but can silence oncogenes and/or reactivate inhibited tumor suppressor genes. In many cancers, specific miRs were shown to promote or stop tumor progression. Among confirmed and powerful epigenetic regulators of colon carcinogenesis and development of resistance are onco-miRs, which include let-7, miR-21, miR-22, miR-23a, miR-27a, miR-34, miR-92, miR-96, miR-125b, miR-135b, miR-182, miR-200c, miR-203, miR-221, miR-421, miR-451, and others. Moreover, various tumor-suppressor miRs (miR-15b-5b, miR-18a, miR-20b, miR-22, miR-96, miR-139-5p, miR-145, miR-149, miR-197, miR-199b, miR-203, miR-214, miR-218, miR-320, miR-375-3p, miR-409-3p, miR-450b-5p, miR-494, miR-577, miR-874, and others) were found silenced in drug-resistant CRCs. Re-expression of tumor suppressor miR is complicated by the chemical nature of miRs that are not long-lasting compounds and require protection from the enzymatic degradation. Several recent studies explored application of miRs using nanocarrier complexes. This study critically describes the most successfully tested nanoparticle complexes used for intracellular delivery of nuclear acids and miRs, including micelles, liposomes, inorganic and polymeric NPs, dendrimers, and aptamers. Nanocarriers shield incorporated miRs and improve the agent stability in circulation. Attachment of antibodies and/or specific peptide or ligands facilitates cell-targeted miR delivery. Addressing in vivo challenges, a broad spectrum of non-toxic materials has been tested and indicated reliable advantages of lipid-based (lipoplexes) and polymer-based liposomes. Recent cutting-edge developments indicated that lipid-based complexes with multiple cargo, including several miRs, are the most effective approach to eradicate drug-resistant tumors. Focusing on CRC-specific miRs, this review provides a guidance and insights towards the most promising direction to achieve dramatic reduction in tumor growth and metastasis using miR-nanocarrier complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Sukocheva
- Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou, 450052, China; The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; Discipline of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia.
| | - Junqi Liu
- Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Margarita E Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Narasimha M Beeraka
- Discipline of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia; Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), JSS Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Yulia R Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Prasath Manogaran
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - Ekaterina M Grigorevskikh
- Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Chubarev
- Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Caracterización molecular de pacientes con cáncer colorrectal. BIOMÉDICA 2022; 42:154-171. [PMID: 35866738 PMCID: PMC9414253 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introducción. El cáncer colorrectal tiene una alta incidencia en la población mundial. Diversas vías moleculares están involucradas en su desarrollo, entre ellas, la inestabilidad cromosómica, la inestabilidad microsatelital y la epigenética. Objetivo. Hacer la caracterización molecular de 44 individuos con cáncer colorrectal esporádico. Materiales y métodos. El análisis de mutaciones en los genes APC, KRAS, TP53 y BRAF se hizo mediante secuenciación de Sanger; la inestabilidad microsatelital se determinó mediante electroforesis capilar utilizando cinco marcadores de repetición corta en tándem (Short Tandem Repeat) y el estado de metilación del promotor del gen MLH1 se hizo con la técnica MS-PCR (Methylation-Specific PCR). Resultados. La frecuencia de mutación de los genes APC, KRAS y TP53 fue del 18,1, 25 y 4,5 %, respectivamente; las mutaciones detectadas se localizaron con mayor frecuencia en el colon derecho. La frecuencia de inestabilidad microsatelital fue del 27,2 % y el 73,1 % en los tumores con metilación en el gen MHL1, y el 91,6 % de los tumores con inestabilidad microsatelital presentaba metilación en el gen MLH1. En el grupo de tumores con estabilidad microsatelital, las mutaciones en los genes APC, KRAS y TP53 fueron más frecuentes que en el grupo de tumores con inestabilidad microsatelital. La metilación del gen MLH1 fue la alteración más predominante. Conclusiones. En los pacientes con cáncer colorrectal evaluados se demostró la presencia de alteraciones moleculares en las diferentes vías genéticas, las cuales son comunes en su carcinogénesis. Los pacientes presentaron un perfil de mutaciones diferente al de otras poblaciones. Los hallazgos obtenidos en este estudio confirman la heterogeneidad molecular descrita en el desarrollo del cáncer colorrectal.
Collapse
|
30
|
Jothimani G, Bhatiya M, Pathak S, Paul S, Banerjee A. Tumor Suppressor microRNAs in Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Mini-Review. RECENT ADVANCES IN INFLAMMATION & ALLERGY DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 16:5-15. [PMID: 35670340 DOI: 10.2174/2772270816666220606112727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is associated with a group of cancers affecting the organs in the GI tract, with a high incidence and mortality rate. This type of cancer development involves a series of molecular events that arise by the dysregulation of gene expressions and microRNAs (miRNAs). OBJECTIVES This mini-review focuses on elucidating the mechanism of tumor suppressor miRNA-mediated oncogenic gene silencing, which may contribute to a better understanding of miRNA-mediated gene expression regulation of cell cycle, proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis in GI cancers. In this review, the biological significance of tumor suppressor miRNAs involved in gastrointestinal cancers is briefly explained. METHODS The articles were searched with the keywords 'miRNA', 'gastrointestinal cancers', 'esophageal cancer', 'gastric cancer', 'colorectal cancer', 'pancreatic cancer', 'liver cancer', and 'gall bladder cancer' from the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. A total of 71 research and review articles have been collected and referred for this study. RESULTS This review summarises recent research enhancing the effectiveness of miRNAs as novel prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic markers for GI cancer treatment strategies. The expression pattern of various miRNAs has been dysregulated in GI cancers, which are associated with proliferation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. CONCLUSION The role of tumor suppressor miRNAs in the negative regulation of oncogenic gene expression was thoroughly explained in this review. Its potential role as a microRNA therapeutic candidate is also discussed. Profiling and regulating tumor suppressor miRNA expression in gastrointestinal cancers using miRNA mimics could be used as a prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic marker, as well as an elucidating molecular therapeutic approach to tumor suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Jothimani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Meenu Bhatiya
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Querétaro CP 76130, Mexico
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Curtius K, Gupta S, Boland CR. Review article: Lynch Syndrome-a mechanistic and clinical management update. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 55:960-977. [PMID: 35315099 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lynch syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant familial condition caused by a pathogenic variant (PV) in a DNA mismatch repair gene, which then predisposes carriers to various cancers. AIM To review the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis and clinical strategies for detection and management of LS. METHODS A narrative review synthesising knowledge from published literature, as well as current National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for management of LS was conducted. RESULTS LS tumours are characterised by unique pathogenesis, ultimately resulting in hypermutation, microsatellite instability and high immunogenicity that has significant implications for cancer risk, clinical presentation, treatment and surveillance. LS is one of the most common hereditary causes of cancer, and about 1 in 279 individuals carry a PV in an LS gene that predisposes to associated cancers. Individuals with LS have increased risks for colorectal, endometrial and other cancers, with significant variation in lifetime risk by LS-associated gene. CONCLUSIONS As genetic testing becomes more widespread, the number of individuals identified with LS is expected to increase in the population. Understanding the pathogenesis of LS informs current strategies for detection and clinical management, and also guides future areas for clinical innovation. Unravelling the mechanisms by which these tumours evolve may help to more precisely tailor management by the gene involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kit Curtius
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samir Gupta
- Section of Gastroenterology, San Diego Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C Richard Boland
- Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Prisciandaro M, Antista M, Raimondi A, Corti F, Morano F, Centonze G, Sabella G, Mangogna A, Randon G, Pagani F, Prinzi N, Niger M, Corallo S, Castiglioni di Caronno E, Massafra M, Bartolomeo MD, de Braud F, Milione M, Pusceddu S. Biomarker Landscape in Neuroendocrine Tumors With High-Grade Features: Current Knowledge and Future Perspective. Front Oncol 2022; 12:780716. [PMID: 35186729 PMCID: PMC8856722 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.780716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are classified based on morphology and are graded based on their proliferation rate as either well-differentiated low-grade (G1) to intermediate (G2–G3) or poorly differentiated high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC G3). Recently, in gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) NETs, a new subgroup of well-differentiated high-grade tumors (NET G3) has been divided from NEC by WHO due to its different clinical–pathologic features. Although several mutational analyses have been performed, a molecular classification of NET is an unmet need in particular for G3, which tends to be more aggressive and have less benefit to the available therapies. Specifically, new possible prognostic and, above all, predictive factors are highly awaited, giving the basis for new treatments. Alteration of KRAS, TP53, and RB1 is mainly reported, but also druggable alterations, including BRAF and high microsatellite instability (MSI-H), have been documented in subsets of patients. In addition, PD-L1 demonstrated to be highly expressed in G3 NETs, probably becoming a new biomarker for G3 neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) discrimination and a predictive one for immunotherapy response. In this review, we describe the current knowledge available on a high-grade NET molecular landscape with a specific focus on those harboring potentially therapeutic targets in the advanced setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Prisciandaro
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Michele Prisciandaro,
| | - Maria Antista
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Raimondi
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Corti
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Morano
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Centonze
- First Pathology Division, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Sabella
- First Pathology Division, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mangogna
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofalo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Randon
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Pagani
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Natalie Prinzi
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Niger
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Corallo
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marco Massafra
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Di Bartolomeo
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Milione
- First Pathology Division, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Pusceddu
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Toden S, Goel A. Non-coding RNAs as liquid biopsy biomarkers in cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:351-360. [PMID: 35013579 PMCID: PMC8810986 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01672-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although non-coding RNAs have long been considered as non-functional "junk" RNAs, accumulating evidence in the past decade indicates that they play a critical role in pathogenesis of various cancers. In addition to their biological significance, the recognition that their expression levels are frequently dysregulated in multiple cancers have fueled the interest for exploiting their clinical potential as cancer biomarkers. In particular, microRNAs (miRNAs), a subclass of small non-coding RNAs that epigenetically modulate gene-transcription, have become one of the most well-studied substrates for the development of liquid biopsy biomarkers for cancer patients. The emergence of high-throughput sequencing technologies has enabled comprehensive molecular characterisation of various non-coding RNA expression profiles in multiple cancers. Furthermore, technological advances for quantifying lowly expressed RNAs in the circulation have facilitated robust identification of previously unrecognised and undetectable biomarkers in cancer patients. Here we summarise the latest progress on the utilisation of non-coding RNAs as non-invasive cancer biomarkers. We evaluated the suitability of multiple non-coding RNA types as blood-based cancer biomarkers and examined the impact of recent technological breakthroughs on the development of non-invasive molecular biomarkers in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shusuke Toden
- Molecular Stethoscope Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Ajay Goel
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016 USA ,grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Waller J, Gu L, De Hoedt AM, Freedland SJ, Wang T, Amonkar M, Aurora-Garg D, Liaw KL, Wehn A, Klaassen Z. DNA mismatch repair and microsatellite instability in colorectal tumors: an observational study in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System. Future Oncol 2022; 18:649-660. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Challenges in identifying microsatellite instability (MSI)/mismatch repair (MMR)–tested colorectal carcinoma (CRC) patients in electronic health records have led to gaps in the understanding of MSI-high/deficient mismatch repair prevalence. Methods: An algorithm to identify MSI-/MMR-tested Veterans Affairs patients was developed and an observational study of adult CRC patients with MSI/MMR testing from 2010 to 2018 was undertaken. Results: An optimized model to identify MSI-/MMR-tested patients yielded high positive predictive value (89.0%) and specificity (97.8%). The authors observed MSI-high/deficient mismatch repair CRC in 54 of 291 patients (18.6%); highest frequencies were observed in Stages II (25.9%) and III (22.6%) and lowest in Stage IV (5.8%). Conclusions: In this real-world study, the authors proposed a novel method of identifying MSI-/MMR-tested patients. Further validation and refinement of this model, and study in a larger CRC cohort, is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Waller
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Lin Gu
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Biostatistics Shared Resource, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Stephen J Freedland
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Center for Integrated Research on Cancer & Lifestyle, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Epidemiology, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Mayur Amonkar
- Center for Observational & Real-World Evidence, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | | | - Kai-Li Liaw
- Epidemiology, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Amy Wehn
- Research Science, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Zachary Klaassen
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gemeinsame Stellungnahme der DGHO und DGVS zur Nutzenbewertung von Nivolumab (metastasiertes kolorektales Karzinom, dMMR oder MSI-H, vorbehandelte Patient*innen, Kombination mit Ipilimumab). ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1721-7018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
36
|
De Marchi P, Berardinelli GN, Cavagna RDO, Pinto IA, da Silva FAF, Duval da Silva V, Santana IVV, da Silva ECA, Ferro Leal L, Reis RM. Microsatellite Instability Is Rare in the Admixed Brazilian Population of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Cohort of 526 Cases. Pathobiology 2021; 89:101-106. [PMID: 34781284 DOI: 10.1159/000520023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsatellite instability (MSI) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is uncommon; however, most studies refer to European and Asian populations. There are currently no data on MSI frequency in highly admixed populations, such as the one represented by Brazilian NSCLC patients. AIM This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of MSI in Brazilian NSCLC patients. METHODS We evaluated 526 patients diagnosed with NSCLC at the Barretos Cancer Hospital (Brazil). The molecular MSI evaluation was performed using a hexa-plex marker panel by polymerase chain reaction followed by fragment analysis. The mutation profile of MSI-positive cases was performed using next-generation sequencing. RESULTS Only 1 patient was MSI positive (0.19%). This patient was a female, white, and active smoker, and she was diagnosed with clinical stage IV lung adenocarcinoma at 75 years old. The molecular profile exhibited 4 Tumor Protein p53 (TP53) mutations and the absence of actionable mutations in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS), or V-Raf Murine Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog B1 (BRAF) genes. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of MSI in Brazilian NSCLC patients is equally rare, a finding that is consistent with the current literature based on other populations such as Europeans, North Americans, and Asians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro De Marchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.,Oncoclinicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Icaro Alves Pinto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | | | - Vinicius Duval da Silva
- Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB, Barretos, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leticia Ferro Leal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.,Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Diagnoses, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hasbullah HH, Musa M. Gene Therapy Targeting p53 and KRAS for Colorectal Cancer Treatment: A Myth or the Way Forward? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11941. [PMID: 34769370 PMCID: PMC8584926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide and is responsible as one of the main causes of mortality in both men and women. Despite massive efforts to raise public awareness on early screening and significant advancements in the treatment for CRC, the majority of cases are still being diagnosed at the advanced stage. This contributes to low survivability due to this cancer. CRC patients present various genetic changes and epigenetic modifications. The most common genetic alterations associated with CRC are p53 and KRAS mutations. Gene therapy targeting defect genes such as TP53 (tumor suppressor gene encodes for p53) and KRAS (oncogene) in CRC potentially serves as an alternative treatment avenue for the disease in addition to the standard therapy. For the last decade, significant developments have been seen in gene therapy for translational purposes in treating various cancers. This includes the development of vectors as delivery vehicles. Despite the optimism revolving around targeted gene therapy for cancer treatment, it also has various limitations, such as a lack of availability of related technology, high cost of the involved procedures, and ethical issues. This article will provide a review on the potentials and challenges of gene therapy targeting p53 and KRAS for the treatment of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marahaini Musa
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hong J, Guo F, Lu SY, Shen C, Ma D, Zhang X, Xie Y, Yan T, Yu T, Sun T, Qian Y, Zhong M, Chen J, Peng Y, Wang C, Zhou X, Liu J, Liu Q, Ma X, Chen YX, Chen H, Fang JY. F. nucleatum targets lncRNA ENO1-IT1 to promote glycolysis and oncogenesis in colorectal cancer. Gut 2021; 70:2123-2137. [PMID: 33318144 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microbiota disorder promotes chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis. High glycolysis is associated with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the potential correlation between the gut microbiota and glucose metabolism is unknown in CRC. DESIGN 18F-FDG (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose) PET (positron emission tomography)/CT image scanning data and microbiota PCR analysis were performed to measure the correlation between metabolic alterations and microbiota disorder in 33 patients with CRC. Multiple colorectal cancer models, metabolic analysis and Seahorse assay were established to assess the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) enolase1-intronic transcript 1 (ENO1-IT1) in Fusobacterium (F.) nucleatum-induced glucose metabolism and colorectal carcinogenesis. RNA immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing were conducted to identify potential targets of lncRNA ENO1-IT1. RESULTS We have found F. nucleatum abundance correlated with high glucose metabolism in patients with CRC. Furthermore, F. nucleatum supported carcinogenesis via increasing CRC cell glucose metabolism. Mechanistically, F. nucleatum activated lncRNA ENO1-IT1 transcription via upregulating the binding efficiency of transcription factor SP1 to the promoter region of lncRNA ENO1-IT1. Elevated ENO1-IT behaved as a guider modular for KAT7 histone acetyltransferase, specifying the histone modification pattern on its target genes, including ENO1, and consequently altering CRC biological function. CONCLUSION F. nucleatum and glucose metabolism are mechanistically, biologically and clinically connected to CRC. Targeting ENO1 pathway may be meaningful in treating patients with CRC with elevated F. nucleatum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoqin Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yile Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - TaChung Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxian Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanshen Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cui J, Tian J, Wang W, He T, Li X, Gu C, Wang L, Wu J, Shang A. IGF2BP2 promotes the progression of colorectal cancer through a YAP-dependent mechanism. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4087-4099. [PMID: 34309973 PMCID: PMC8486198 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the effect of insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) on colorectal cancer (CRC) by recognizing the m6A modification of YAP mRNA thus activating ErbB2 expression. High expressions of IGF2BP2, YAP, and ErbB2 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells and reduced their apoptosis. IGF2BP2 recognized the m6A on YAP mRNA and promoted the translation of mRNA. YAP regulated ErbB2 expression by promoting TEAD4 enrichment in ErbB2 promoter region. Therefore, IGF2BP2 promoted the expression of ErbB2 to enhance the proliferation, invasion and migration of CRC cells, to repress cell apoptosis, and to promote solid tumor formation in nude mice. IGF2BP2 activates the expression of ErbB2 by recognizing the m6A of YAP, thus affecting the cell cycle of CRC, inhibiting cell apoptosis, and promoting proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cui
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Tongji HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Center for Laboratory MedicineGeneral Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, NingxiaChina
- Center for Laboratory Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jiale Tian
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Tongji HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of PathologyTinghu People's Hospital of Yancheng CityYancheng, JiangsuChina
| | - Tao He
- Department of GastroenterologyGeneral Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, NingxiaChina
| | - Xin Li
- The Institute for Translational NanomedicineShanghai East HospitalThe Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano ScienceTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Chenzheng Gu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Tongji HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lixin Wang
- Center for Laboratory MedicineGeneral Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, NingxiaChina
- Center for Laboratory Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryGusu SchoolSuzhou Municipal HospitalThe Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou, JiangsuChina
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesCollege of MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Anquan Shang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Tongji HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Genetic Mutations and Non-Coding RNA-Based Epigenetic Alterations Mediating the Warburg Effect in Colorectal Carcinogenesis. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090847. [PMID: 34571724 PMCID: PMC8472255 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) development is a gradual process defined by the accumulation of numerous genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations leading to the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Despite significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC, it continues to be a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Even in the presence of oxygen, CRC cells bypass oxidative phosphorylation to produce metabolites that enable them to proliferate and survive-a phenomenon known as the "Warburg effect". Understanding the complex glucose metabolism in CRC cells may support the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Here we discuss the most recent findings on genetic mutations and epigenetic modulations that may positively or negatively regulate the Warburg effect in CRC cells. We focus on the non-coding RNA (ncRNA)-based epigenetics, and we present a perspective on the therapeutic relevance of critical molecules and ncRNAs mediating the Warburg effect in CRC cells. All the relevant studies were identified and assessed according to the genes and enzymes mediating the Warburg effect. The findings summarized in this review should provide a better understanding of the relevance of genetic mutations and the ncRNA-based epigenetic alterations to CRC pathogenesis to help overcome chemoresistance.
Collapse
|
41
|
Li M, Sun X, Yao H, Chen W, Zhang F, Gao S, Zou X, Chen J, Qiu S, Wei H, Hu Z, Chen W. Genomic methylation variations predict the susceptibility of six chemotherapy related adverse effects and cancer development for Chinese colorectal cancer patients. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 427:115657. [PMID: 34332992 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major concern with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the positive influence of chemotherapy on the decline in CRC mortality, the negative influence of chemotherapy-related adverse effects (CRAEs) caused by capecitabine (Cap) remains a challenging problem. DNA methylation alteration plays a pivotal role in gene expression regulation. Here, we aimed to screen reliable and novel biomarkers for CRC diagnosis and CRAE prediction using the advanced Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC (850 K) BeadChip. Paired tumor and normal tissues from 21 Chinese CRC patients who received Cap-based adjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed. CRC-related methylation was characterized by hypermethylated promoter islands and hypomethylated intragenic openseas; CRAE-related methylation was characterized by hyper- (or hypo-) methylated intragenic (or intergenic) regions. Based on three types of methylation profiles (differentially methylated probes, differentially methylated regions, and gene-function-differentially methylated regions), pathway enrichment analyses revealed that CRC-related genes were significantly enriched in the neuronal system, metabolism of RNA, and extracellular matrix organization; CRAE-related genes were abundantly enriched in pathways controlling regeneration functions and immune response. Finally, based on genes within the mostly related pathways and LASSO logistic regression selection, the integrated-methylation-marker systems developed here demonstrated high discriminative accuracy in both CRC diagnosis (AUROC = 1) and CRAE prediction (AUROC = 0.817-1). In conclusion, we conducted a comprehensive DNA methylation analysis of CRC patients with chemotherapy, which provided new insights into the formation of CRC and CRAEs. Most importantly, our findings identified potentially CRAE-related metabolic pathways and markers, providing a valuable reference for personalized medicine promising better safety. Trail registration:ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT03030508, Registered 25 January 2017,https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03030508?term=NCT03030508&draw=2&rank=1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- Research Institute, GloriousMed Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Houshan Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Shouhong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xun Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Technology Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; Department of Pharmacy, 905th Hospital of PLA Navy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China.
| | - Zhiqian Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Medical College of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China.
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Technology Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Huang J, Shao Y, Gu W. Function and clinical significance of N6-methyladenosine in digestive system tumours. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:40. [PMID: 34246319 PMCID: PMC8272376 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA modification, like DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNA modification and chromatin rearrangement, plays an important role in tumours. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant RNA modification in cells, and it regulates RNA transcription, processing, splicing, degradation, and translation. m6A-associated proteins have been used as new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for tumour prediction and monitoring. There are three main types of proteins involved in m6A methylation: methyltransferases (METTL3, METTL14, WTAP, RBM15, ZC3H13 and KIAA1429), demethylases (FTO, ALKBH5 and ALKBH3) and RNA-binding proteins (YTHDF1-3, YTHDC1-2, IGF2BPs and HNRNPs). This article reviews the origins, characteristics and functions of m6A and its relationship with digestive system tumours based on recent research. The expression of m6A regulators can be used as an evaluation indicator of tumour growth and progression and as a prognostic indicator. In-depth research on m6A methylation in digestive system tumours may provide new directions for clinical prediction and further treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003 China
| | - Yingjie Shao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003 China
| | - Wendong Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003 China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Laka K, Mapheto K, Mbita Z. Selective in vitro cytotoxicity effect of Drimia calcarata bulb extracts against p53 mutant HT-29 and p53 wild-type Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells through STAT5B regulation. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1265-1279. [PMID: 34195018 PMCID: PMC8233163 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of oncological-related deaths and the third most diagnosed malignancy, worldwide. The emergence of chemoresistance is a fundamental drawback of colorectal cancer therapies and there is an urgent need for novel plant-derived therapeutics. In this regard, other compounds are needed to improve the efficacy of treatment against colorectal cancer. Medicinal plants have been effectively used by traditional doctors for decades to treat various ailments with little to no side effects. Drimia calcarata (D. calcarata) is one of the plants used by Pedi people in South Africa to treat a plethora of ailments. However, the anticancer therapeutic use of D. calcarata is less understood. Thus, this study was aimed at evaluating the potential anticancer activities of D. calcarata extracts against human colorectal cancer cells. The phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity were analysed using LC-MS, DPPH, and FRAP. The inhibitory effects and IC50 values of D. calcarata extracts were determined using the MTT assay. Induction of cellular apoptosis was assessed using fluorescence microscopy, the Muse® Cell Analyser, and gene expression analysis by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Water extract (WE) demonstrated high phenolic, tannin, and flavonoid contents than the methanol extract (ME). LC-MS data demonstrated strong differences between the ME and WE. Moreover, WE showed the best antioxidant activity than ME. The MTT data showed that both ME and WE had no significant activity against human embryonic kidney Hek 293 cell line that served as non-cancer control cells. Caco-2 cells demonstrated high sensitivity to the ME and demonstrated resistance toward the WE, while HT-29 cells exhibited sensitivity to both D. calcarata extracts. The expression of apoptosis regulatory genes assessed by PCR revealed an upregulation of p53 by ME, accompanied by downregulation of Bcl-2 and high expression of Bax after treatment with curcumin. The Bax gene was undetected in HT-29 cells. The methanol extract induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in colorectal Caco-2 and HT-29 cells and WE induced the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in HT-29 cells. ME downregulated STAT1, 3, and 5B in HT-29 cells. The D. calcarata bulb extracts, therefore, contain potential anticancer agents that can be further targeted for cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Laka
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - K.B.F. Mapheto
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Z. Mbita
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, Polokwane, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
The Clinical Assessment of MicroRNA Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Theranostic Value in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122916. [PMID: 34208056 PMCID: PMC8230660 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary MiRNAs are of great interest within colorectal cancers in diagnosis, prognosis, and within the field of personalized treatments; they are present within different biological fluids such as blood and can lead to specific information for daily clinical use. Herein, we review the current literature focusing on miRNAs as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in patients treated for colorectal cancers. Detection and analysis of miRNA expression are cost-effective and lead to high sensitivity and specificity rates. However, it is now necessary to highlight the most sensitive and specific miRNAs for each goal, either diagnostic, prognostic, or theranostic, thanks to multicentric prospective studies. Abstract MiRNAs have recently become a subject of great interest within cancers and especially colorectal cancers in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy decisions; herein we review the current literature focusing on miRNAs in colorectal cancers, and we discuss future challenges to use this tool on a daily clinical basis. In liquid biopsies, miRNAs seem easily accessible and can give important information toward each step of the management of colorectal cancers. However, it is now necessary to highlight the most sensitive and specific miRNAs for each goal thanks to multicentric prospective studies. Conclusions: by their diversity and the feasibility of their use, miRNAs are getting part of the armamentarium of healthcare management of colorectal cancers.
Collapse
|
45
|
Avery JT, Zhang R, Boohaker RJ. GLI1: A Therapeutic Target for Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:673154. [PMID: 34113570 PMCID: PMC8186314 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.673154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GLI1 is a transcriptional effector at the terminal end of the Hedgehog signaling (Hh) pathway and is tightly regulated during embryonic development and tissue patterning/differentiation. GLI1 has low-level expression in differentiated tissues, however, in certain cancers, aberrant activation of GLI1 has been linked to the promotion of numerous hallmarks of cancer, such as proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, metabolic rewiring, and chemotherapeutic resistance. All of these are driven, in part, by GLI1’s role in regulating cell cycle, DNA replication and DNA damage repair processes. The consequences of GLI1 oncogenic activity, specifically the activity surrounding DNA damage repair proteins, such as NBS1, and cell cycle proteins, such as CDK1, can be linked to tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms driving GLI1 dysregulation can provide prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers to identify a patient population that would derive therapeutic benefit from either direct inhibition of GLI1 or targeted therapy towards proteins downstream of GLI1 regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Avery
- Oncology Department, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ruowen Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Rebecca J Boohaker
- Oncology Department, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Epigenetics: Roles and therapeutic implications of non-coding RNA modifications in human cancers. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:67-82. [PMID: 34188972 PMCID: PMC8217334 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As next-generation sequencing (NGS) is leaping forward, more than 160 covalent RNA modification processes have been reported, and they are widely present in every organism and overall RNA type. Many modification processes of RNA introduce a new layer to the gene regulation process, resulting in novel RNA epigenetics. The commonest RNA modification includes pseudouridine (Ψ), N 7-methylguanosine (m7G), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hm5C), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N 1-methyladenosine (m1A), N 6-methyladenosine (m6A), and others. In this study, we focus on non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) to summarize the epigenetic consequences of RNA modifications, and the pathogenesis of cancer, as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for cancer, as well as the mechanisms affecting the immune environment of cancer. In addition, we summarize the current status of epigenetic drugs for tumor therapy based on ncRNA modifications and the progress of bioinformatics methods in elucidating RNA modifications in recent years.
Collapse
|
47
|
Integrated approaches for precision oncology in colorectal cancer: The more you know, the better. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 84:199-213. [PMID: 33848627 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common human malignancies accounting for approximately 10 % of worldwide cancer incidence and mortality. While early-stage CRC is mainly a preventable and curable disease, metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains an unmet clinical need. Moreover, about 25 % of CRC cases are diagnosed only at the metastatic stage. Despite the extensive molecular and functional knowledge on this disease, systemic therapy for mCRC still relies on traditional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy regimens. On the other hand, targeted therapies and immunotherapy have shown effectiveness only in a limited subset of patients. For these reasons, there is a growing need to define the molecular and biological landscape of individual patients to implement novel, rationally driven, tailored therapies. In this review, we explore current and emerging approaches for CRC management such as genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis, the use of liquid biopsies and the implementation of patients' preclinical avatars. In particular, we discuss the contribution of each of these tools in elucidating patient specific features, with the aim of improving our ability in advancing the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal tumors.
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhao H, He M, Zhang M, Sun Q, Zeng S, Chen L, Yang H, Liu M, Ren S, Meng X, Xu H. Colorectal Cancer, Gut Microbiota and Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Systematic Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:805-828. [PMID: 33827382 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Based on the study and research on the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, the types and functions of gut microbiota, and its role in guiding and regulating the occurrence and development of diseases, we have explored the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of colorectal cancer by regulating the gut microbiota. Genetic variation, abnormal responses of innate and adaptive immunity, mucosal barrier dysfunction, imbalance of intestinal microbial colonization, personal and environmental risk factors are the main pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. The gut microbiota mainly includes Sclerotium (including Clostridium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus) and Bacteroides (including Bacteroides and Prevotella), which have biological antagonism, nutrition for the organism, metabolic abilities, immune stimulation, and ability to shape cancer genes functions to body. The gut microbiota can be related to the health of the host. Current studies have shown that Chinese herbal compound, single medicinal materials, and monomer components can treat colorectal cancer by regulating the gut microbiota, such as Xiaoyaosan can increase the abundance of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Proteus and decrease the abundance of Desulfovibrio and Rickerella. Therefore, studying the regulation and mechanism of gut microbiota on colorectal cancer is of great benefit to disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Man He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Sha Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Maolun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) with colonoscopy has been credited for the majority of the decline in mortality over the past 40 years. However, colonoscopy is hampered by frequent interval cancers (ICs) occurring within 36 months after the last examination. Risk factors for IC imply that most misses are amenable to improved colonoscopic techniques. This study had two primary objectives: (1) to determine whether the proportion of persons with ICs has declined in association with improved approaches to the quality of colonoscopy and (2) to determine unrecognized causes for missed diagnoses. METHODS This is a retrospective, single-center study of persons with CRC having been diagnosed within 6-36 months since the most recent colonoscopy between 2006 and 2015. Participants, ages 50 and 89 years, were evaluated specifically for technical features and findings of the most recent colonoscopy. RESULTS Thirty-nine persons met the inclusion criteria for IC. Mean age was 69.3 years, range 50-86 years, women were 58%, races included 95% Caucasian, 2.5% Asian, and 2.5% African-American, and history of a first-degree relative with CRC was 26%. Symptoms led to the interval diagnosis in 83%, including iron-deficient anemia (38%), bleeding (25%), abdominal/pelvic pain (18%), and change in bowel habit (2.5%). Preexisting neoplasia was present in 72%. The CRC was located in the proximal colon in 51%. Late-stage disease was present in 45%. When compared to persons with an initial diagnosis of screen-detected late-onset CRC, differences were noted for older age, more women, more with a family history of CRC, and more with late-stage disease. The ratio of interval cancers to new cancers ranged between 6 and 11.5%. Findings indicating a "difficult examination" were observed in 14 cases (36%) compared to "easy or no difficulty" examinations in 25 (65%) cases. In a biennial analysis of IC rates between 2006 and 2015, the percentage of IC remained stable between 6 and 11.5%. CONCLUSIONS ICs have been stable constituting 6-11.5% of all CRCs. A "difficult examination" was often associated with IC, may be a risk factor for this problem, and may be an important clue warranting further study.
Collapse
|
50
|
Importance of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Functions, Inductions, Regulations, and Signaling. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 52:454-461. [PMID: 33484436 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the important gastrointestinal tract tumors. Heme is mainly absorbed in the colon and induces nitrosamine formation, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress, and increases the risk of CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information was collected from articles on Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed. RESULTS Heme can irritate intestinal epithelial cells and increases the proliferation of colonic mucosa. Heme can be considered as a carcinogenic agent for CRC induction. In typical situations, Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is expressed at low concentration in the gastrointestinal tract, but its expression is elevated during lesion and inflammation. Based on the multiple reports, the impact of HO-1 on tumor growth is related to the cancer cell type. Increased HO-1 levels were also indicated in different human and animal malignancies, possibly through its contribution to tumor cell growth, metastasis, expression of angiogenic factors, and resistance to chemotherapy. Recent studies noted that HO-1 can act as an immunomodulator that suppresses immune cell maturation, activation, and infiltration. It also inhibits apoptosis through CO production that leads to p53 suppression. The upregulation of HO-1 significantly increases the endurance of colon cancer cell lines. Therefore, it is supposed that HO-1 inhibitors could become a novel antitumor agent. Lactobacillus rhamnosus and its metabolites can activate Nrf2 and improves anti-oxidant levels along with upregulation of its objective genes like HO-1, and downregulation of NF-κB which reduce phosphorylated TNF-α, IL-1β, and PAI-1. CONCLUSION The precise mechanism accountable for the anti-inflammatory features of HO-1 is not completely understood; nevertheless, the CO signaling function associated with the antioxidant property shown by bilirubin possibly will play an act in the improvement of inflammation.
Collapse
|