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Chen Z, Guan D, Wang Z, Li X, Dong S, Huang J, Zhou W. Microbiota in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e417. [PMID: 37937304 PMCID: PMC10626288 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse bacterial populations within the symbiotic microbiota play a pivotal role in both health and disease. Microbiota modulates critical aspects of tumor biology including cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. This regulation occurs through mechanisms like enhancing genomic damage, hindering gene repair, activating aberrant cell signaling pathways, influencing tumor cell metabolism, promoting revascularization, and remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment. These microbiota-mediated effects significantly impact overall survival and the recurrence of tumors after surgery by affecting the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy. Moreover, leveraging the microbiota for the development of biovectors, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, in addition to utilizing antibiotics, dietary adjustments, defensins, oncolytic virotherapy, and fecal microbiota transplantation, offers promising alternatives for cancer treatment. Nonetheless, due to the extensive and diverse nature of the microbiota, along with tumor heterogeneity, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of microbiota in cancer remain a subject of intense debate. In this context, we refocus on various cancers, delving into the molecular signaling pathways associated with the microbiota and its derivatives, the reshaping of the tumor microenvironmental matrix, and the impact on tolerance to tumor treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This exploration aims to shed light on novel perspectives and potential applications in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Chen
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Defeng Guan
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Zhengfeng Wang
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Xin Li
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- The Department of General SurgeryLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Shi Dong
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- The Department of General SurgeryLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Junjun Huang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Wence Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- The Department of General SurgeryLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouGansuChina
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2
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Thomas EM, Wright JA, Blake SJ, Page AJ, Worthley DL, Woods SL. Advancing translational research for colorectal immuno-oncology. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1442-1450. [PMID: 37563222 PMCID: PMC10628092 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common and deadly disease. Unfortunately, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) fail to elicit effective anti-tumour responses in the vast majority of CRC patients. Patients that are most likely to respond are those with DNA mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) and microsatellite instability (MSI) disease. However, reliable predictors of ICI response are lacking, even within the dMMR/MSI subtype. This, together with identification of novel mechanisms to increase response rates and prevent resistance, are ongoing and vitally important unmet needs. To address the current challenges with translation of early research findings into effective therapeutic strategies, this review summarises the present state of preclinical testing used to inform the development of immuno-regulatory treatment strategies for CRC. The shortfalls and advantages of commonly utilised mouse models of CRC, including chemically induced, transplant and transgenic approaches are highlighted. Appropriate use of existing models, incorporation of patient-derived data and development of cutting-edge models that recapitulate important features of human disease will be key to accelerating clinically relevant research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Thomas
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Josephine A Wright
- Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stephen J Blake
- Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Amanda J Page
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Daniel L Worthley
- Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Susan L Woods
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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3
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Song Y, Kerr TD, Sanders C, Dai L, Baxter SS, Somerville B, Baugher RN, Mellott SD, Young TB, Lawhorn HE, Plona TM, Xu B, Wei L, Hu Q, Liu S, Hutson A, Karim B, Burkett S, Difilippantonio S, Pinto L, Gebert J, Kloor M, Lipkin SM, Sei S, Shoemaker RH. Organoids and metastatic orthotopic mouse model for mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1223915. [PMID: 37746286 PMCID: PMC10516605 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1223915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genome integrity is essential for the survival of an organism. DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes (e.g., MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) play a critical role in the DNA damage response pathway for genome integrity maintenance. Germline mutations of MMR genes can lead to Lynch syndrome or constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome, resulting in an increased lifetime risk of developing cancer characterized by high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) and high mutation burden. Although immunotherapy has been approved for MMR-deficient (MMRd) cancer patients, the overall response rate needs to be improved and other management options are needed. Methods To better understand the biology of MMRd cancers, elucidate the resistance mechanisms to immune modulation, and develop vaccines and therapeutic testing platforms for this high-risk population, we generated organoids and an orthotopic mouse model from intestine tumors developed in a Msh2-deficient mouse model, and followed with a detailed characterization. Results The organoids were shown to be of epithelial origin with stem cell features, to have a high frameshift mutation frequency with MSI-H and chromosome instability, and intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity. An orthotopic model using intra-cecal implantation of tumor fragments derived from organoids showed progressive tumor growth, resulting in the development of adenocarcinomas mixed with mucinous features and distant metastasis in liver and lymph node. Conclusions The established organoids with characteristics of MSI-H cancers can be used to study MMRd cancer biology. The orthotopic model, with its distant metastasis and expressing frameshift peptides, is suitable for evaluating the efficacy of neoantigen-based vaccines or anticancer drugs in combination with other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Song
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vaccine, Immunity, and Cancer Directorate, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Travis D. Kerr
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vaccine, Immunity, and Cancer Directorate, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Chelsea Sanders
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Lisheng Dai
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vaccine, Immunity, and Cancer Directorate, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Shaneen S. Baxter
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vaccine, Immunity, and Cancer Directorate, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Brandon Somerville
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vaccine, Immunity, and Cancer Directorate, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Ryan N. Baugher
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Stephanie D. Mellott
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Todd B. Young
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Heidi E. Lawhorn
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Teri M. Plona
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Bingfang Xu
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Genomics Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Alan Hutson
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Baktiar Karim
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Sandra Burkett
- Molecular Cytogenetics Core Facility, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Simone Difilippantonio
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Ligia Pinto
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vaccine, Immunity, and Cancer Directorate, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Johannes Gebert
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kloor
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steven M. Lipkin
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shizuko Sei
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Robert H. Shoemaker
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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4
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Cerretelli G, Zhou Y, Müller MF, Adams DJ, Arends MJ. Acetaldehyde and defective mismatch repair increase colonic tumours in a Lynch syndrome model with Aldh1b1 inactivation. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050240. [PMID: 37395714 PMCID: PMC10417510 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ALDH1B1 expressed in the intestinal epithelium metabolises acetaldehyde to acetate, protecting against acetaldehyde-induced DNA damage. MSH2 is a key component of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway involved in Lynch syndrome (LS)-associated colorectal cancers. Here, we show that defective MMR (dMMR) interacts with acetaldehyde, in a gene/environment interaction, enhancing dMMR-driven colonic tumour formation in a LS murine model of Msh2 conditional inactivation (Lgr5-CreER; Msh2flox/-, or Msh2-LS) combined with Aldh1b1 inactivation. Conditional (Aldh1b1flox/flox) or constitutive (Aldh1b1-/-) Aldh1b1 knockout alleles combined with the conditional Msh2flox/- intestinal knockout mouse model of LS (Msh2-LS) received either ethanol, which is metabolised to acetaldehyde, or water. We demonstrated that 41.7% of ethanol-treated Aldh1b1flox/flox Msh2-LS mice and 66.7% of Aldh1b1-/- Msh2-LS mice developed colonic epithelial hyperproliferation and adenoma formation, in 4.5 and 6 months, respectively, significantly greater than 0% in water-treated control mice. Significantly higher numbers of dMMR colonic crypt foci precursors and increased plasma acetaldehyde levels were observed in ethanol-treated Aldh1b1flox/flox Msh2-LS and Aldh1b1-/- Msh2-LS mice compared with those in water-treated controls. Hence, ALDH1B1 loss increases acetaldehyde levels and DNA damage that interacts with dMMR to accelerate colonic, but not small intestinal, tumour formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guia Cerretelli
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Ying Zhou
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Mike F. Müller
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - David J. Adams
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Mark J. Arends
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
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5
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Shapiro JA, Gaonkar KS, Spielman SJ, Savonen CL, Bethell CJ, Jin R, Rathi KS, Zhu Y, Egolf LE, Farrow BK, Miller DP, Yang Y, Koganti T, Noureen N, Koptyra MP, Duong N, Santi M, Kim J, Robins S, Storm PB, Mack SC, Lilly JV, Xie HM, Jain P, Raman P, Rood BR, Lulla RR, Nazarian J, Kraya AA, Vaksman Z, Heath AP, Kline C, Scolaro L, Viaene AN, Huang X, Way GP, Foltz SM, Zhang B, Poetsch AR, Mueller S, Ennis BM, Prados M, Diskin SJ, Zheng S, Guo Y, Kannan S, Waanders AJ, Margol AS, Kim MC, Hanson D, Van Kuren N, Wong J, Kaufman RS, Coleman N, Blackden C, Cole KA, Mason JL, Madsen PJ, Koschmann CJ, Stewart DR, Wafula E, Brown MA, Resnick AC, Greene CS, Rokita JL, Taroni JN. OpenPBTA: The Open Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100340. [PMID: 37492101 PMCID: PMC10363844 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric brain and spinal cancers are collectively the leading disease-related cause of death in children; thus, we urgently need curative therapeutic strategies for these tumors. To accelerate such discoveries, the Children's Brain Tumor Network (CBTN) and Pacific Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Consortium (PNOC) created a systematic process for tumor biobanking, model generation, and sequencing with immediate access to harmonized data. We leverage these data to establish OpenPBTA, an open collaborative project with over 40 scalable analysis modules that genomically characterize 1,074 pediatric brain tumors. Transcriptomic classification reveals universal TP53 dysregulation in mismatch repair-deficient hypermutant high-grade gliomas and TP53 loss as a significant marker for poor overall survival in ependymomas and H3 K28-mutant diffuse midline gliomas. Already being actively applied to other pediatric cancers and PNOC molecular tumor board decision-making, OpenPBTA is an invaluable resource to the pediatric oncology community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Shapiro
- Childhood Cancer Data Lab, Alex’s Lemonade Stand Foundation, Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004, USA
| | - Krutika S. Gaonkar
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephanie J. Spielman
- Childhood Cancer Data Lab, Alex’s Lemonade Stand Foundation, Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004, USA
- Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Candace L. Savonen
- Childhood Cancer Data Lab, Alex’s Lemonade Stand Foundation, Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004, USA
| | - Chante J. Bethell
- Childhood Cancer Data Lab, Alex’s Lemonade Stand Foundation, Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004, USA
| | - Run Jin
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Komal S. Rathi
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuankun Zhu
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura E. Egolf
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bailey K. Farrow
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel P. Miller
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tejaswi Koganti
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nighat Noureen
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Mateusz P. Koptyra
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nhat Duong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mariarita Santi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jung Kim
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Shannon Robins
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Phillip B. Storm
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen C. Mack
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jena V. Lilly
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongbo M. Xie
- Department of Bioinformatics and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Payal Jain
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pichai Raman
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian R. Rood
- Children’s National Research Institute, Washington, DC 20012, USA
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Rishi R. Lulla
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Children’s National Research Institute, Washington, DC 20012, USA
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adam A. Kraya
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zalman Vaksman
- Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Allison P. Heath
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cassie Kline
- Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura Scolaro
- Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Angela N. Viaene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gregory P. Way
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Steven M. Foltz
- Childhood Cancer Data Lab, Alex’s Lemonade Stand Foundation, Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anna R. Poetsch
- Biotechnology Center, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Mueller
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Brian M. Ennis
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Prados
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Sharon J. Diskin
- Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Siyuan Zheng
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yiran Guo
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shrivats Kannan
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Angela J. Waanders
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Neuro-Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplant, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ashley S. Margol
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Meen Chul Kim
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Derek Hanson
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
| | - Nicholas Van Kuren
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jessica Wong
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca S. Kaufman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Noel Coleman
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher Blackden
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kristina A. Cole
- Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Mason
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter J. Madsen
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Carl J. Koschmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Mott Children’s Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Douglas R. Stewart
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Eric Wafula
- Department of Bioinformatics and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Miguel A. Brown
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Adam C. Resnick
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Casey S. Greene
- Childhood Cancer Data Lab, Alex’s Lemonade Stand Foundation, Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jo Lynne Rokita
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jaclyn N. Taroni
- Childhood Cancer Data Lab, Alex’s Lemonade Stand Foundation, Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004, USA
| | - Children’s Brain Tumor Network
- Childhood Cancer Data Lab, Alex’s Lemonade Stand Foundation, Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004, USA
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Children’s National Research Institute, Washington, DC 20012, USA
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Biotechnology Center, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Neuro-Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplant, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Mott Children’s Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pacific Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Consortium
- Childhood Cancer Data Lab, Alex’s Lemonade Stand Foundation, Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004, USA
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Children’s National Research Institute, Washington, DC 20012, USA
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Biotechnology Center, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Neuro-Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplant, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Mott Children’s Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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6
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Biswas K, Mohammed A, Sharan SK, Shoemaker RH. Genetically engineered mouse models for hereditary cancer syndromes. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:1800-1815. [PMID: 36715493 PMCID: PMC10154891 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in molecular diagnostics have led to improved diagnosis and molecular understanding of hereditary cancers in the clinic. Improving the management, treatment, and potential prevention of cancers in carriers of predisposing mutations requires preclinical experimental models that reflect the key pathogenic features of the specific syndrome associated with the mutations. Numerous genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models of hereditary cancer have been developed. In this review, we describe the models of Lynch syndrome and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, the two most common hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes. We focus on Lynch syndrome models as illustrative of the potential for using mouse models to devise improved approaches to prevention of cancer in a high-risk population. GEM models are an invaluable tool for hereditary cancer models. Here, we review GEM models for some hereditary cancers and their potential use in cancer prevention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Biswas
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Altaf Mohammed
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Shyam K Sharan
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert H Shoemaker
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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7
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Bruekner SR, Pieters W, Fish A, Liaci AM, Scheffers S, Rayner E, Kaldenbach D, Drost L, Dekker M, van Hees-Stuivenberg S, Delzenne-Goette E, de Konink C, Houlleberghs H, Dubbink H, AlSaegh A, de Wind N, Förster F, te Riele H, Sixma T. Unexpected moves: a conformational change in MutSα enables high-affinity DNA mismatch binding. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:1173-1188. [PMID: 36715327 PMCID: PMC9943660 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA mismatch repair protein MutSα recognizes wrongly incorporated DNA bases and initiates their correction during DNA replication. Dysfunctions in mismatch repair lead to a predisposition to cancer. Here, we study the homozygous mutation V63E in MSH2 that was found in the germline of a patient with suspected constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome who developed colorectal cancer before the age of 30. Characterization of the mutant in mouse models, as well as slippage and repair assays, shows a mildly pathogenic phenotype. Using cryogenic electron microscopy and surface plasmon resonance, we explored the mechanistic effect of this mutation on MutSα function. We discovered that V63E disrupts a previously unappreciated interface between the mismatch binding domains (MBDs) of MSH2 and MSH6 and leads to reduced DNA binding. Our research identifies this interface as a 'safety lock' that ensures high-affinity DNA binding to increase replication fidelity. Our mechanistic model explains the hypomorphic phenotype of the V63E patient mutation and other variants in the MBD interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander Fish
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute and Oncode Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Manuel Liaci
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Serge Scheffers
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute and Oncode Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emily Rayner
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Kaldenbach
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Drost
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Dekker
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elly Delzenne-Goette
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte de Konink
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hellen Houlleberghs
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus Jan Dubbink
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abeer AlSaegh
- Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Center, PO Box 787, 117 Muscat, Oman
| | - Niels de Wind
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Friedrich Förster
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hein te Riele
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Hein te Riele. Tel: +31 20 512 2084;
| | - Titia K Sixma
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tel: +31 20 512 1959;
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8
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Madden-Hennessey K, Gupta D, Radecki AA, Guild C, Rath A, Heinen CD. Loss of mismatch repair promotes a direct selective advantage in human stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2661-2673. [PMID: 36368329 PMCID: PMC9768573 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most common hereditary form of colon cancer, resulting from a germline mutation in a DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene. Loss of MMR in cells establishes a mutator phenotype, which may underlie its link to cancer. Acquired downstream mutations that provide the cell a selective advantage would contribute to tumorigenesis. It is unclear, however, whether loss of MMR has other consequences that would directly result in a selective advantage. We found that knockout of the MMR gene MSH2 results in an immediate survival advantage in human stem cells grown under standard cell culture conditions. This advantage results, in part, from an MMR-dependent response to oxidative stress. We also found that loss of MMR gives rise to enhanced formation and growth of human colonic organoids. These results suggest that loss of MMR may affect cells in ways beyond just increasing mutation frequency that could influence tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dipika Gupta
- Center for Molecular Oncology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA
| | | | - Caroline Guild
- Center for Molecular Oncology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA
| | - Abhijit Rath
- Center for Molecular Oncology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA
| | - Christopher D. Heinen
- Center for Molecular Oncology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA,Corresponding author
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9
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Pieters W, Hugenholtz F, Kos K, Cammeraat M, Moliej TC, Kaldenbach D, Klarenbeek S, Davids M, Drost L, de Konink C, Delzenne-Goette E, de Visser KE, te Riele H. Pro-mutagenic effects of the gut microbiota in a Lynch syndrome mouse model. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2035660. [PMID: 35188867 PMCID: PMC8865281 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2035660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota strongly impacts the development of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC), but it is largely unknown how the microbiota affects the pathogenesis of mismatch-repair-deficient CRC in the context of Lynch syndrome. In a mouse model for Lynch syndrome, we found a nearly complete loss of intestinal tumor development when animals were transferred from a conventional "open" animal facility to specific-pathogen-free (SPF) conditions. Using 16S sequencing we detected large changes in microbiota composition between the two facilities. Transcriptomic analyses of tumor-free intestinal tissues showed signs of strong intestinal inflammation in conventional mice. Whole exome sequencing of tumors developing in Msh2-Lynch mice revealed a much lower mutational load in the single SPF tumor than in tumors developing in conventional mice, suggesting reduced epithelial proliferation in SPF mice. Fecal microbiota transplantations with conventional feces altered the immune landscape and gut homeostasis, illustrated by increased gut length and elevated epithelial proliferation and migration. This was associated with drastic changes in microbiota composition, in particular increased relative abundances of different mucus-degrading taxa such as Desulfovibrio and Akkermansia, and increased bacterial-epithelial contact. Strikingly, transplantation of conventional microbiota increased microsatellite instability in untransformed intestinal epithelium of Msh2-Lynch mice, indicating that the composition of the microbiota influences the rate of mutagenesis in MSH2-deficient crypts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wietske Pieters
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kevin Kos
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime Cammeraat
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teddy C. Moliej
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Kaldenbach
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Klarenbeek
- Experimental Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Davids
- Microbiota Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Drost
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte de Konink
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elly Delzenne-Goette
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin E. de Visser
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hein te Riele
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,CONTACT Hein te Riele The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam1066 CX, The Netherlands
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10
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Cerretelli G, Zhou Y, Müller MF, Adams DJ, Arends MJ. Ethanol-induced formation of colorectal tumours and precursors in a mouse model of Lynch syndrome. J Pathol 2021; 255:464-474. [PMID: 34543445 PMCID: PMC9291843 DOI: 10.1002/path.5796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lynch syndrome (LS) confers inherited cancer predisposition due to germline mutations in a DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene, e.g. MSH2. MMR is a repair pathway for removal of base mismatches and insertion/deletion loops caused by endogenous and exogenous factors. Loss of MMR through somatic alteration of the wild-type allele in LS results in defective MMR (dMMR). Lifestyle/environmental factors can modify colorectal cancer risk in sporadic and LS patients. Ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde are classified as group one carcinogens, and acetaldehyde causes a range of DNA lesions. However, DNA repair pathways responsible for correcting most of such DNA lesions remain uncharacterised. We hypothesised that MMR plays a role in protecting colorectal epithelium from ethanol/acetaldehyde-induced DNA damage. Here, an LS mouse model (intestinal epithelial conditional-knockout for Msh2) was used to determine if there is a gene-environment interaction between dMMR and ethanol/acetaldehyde that accelerates colorectal tumourigenesis in LS. Mice underwent either long-term ethanol treatment or water treatment. Most ethanol-treated mice demonstrated colonic hyperproliferation and adenoma formation (with some invasive adenocarcinomas) within 6 months (15/23, 65%), compared with one colonic tumour after 15 months in water-treated mice (1/23, 4%) (p < 0.0001, Fisher's exact test). A significantly greater number of dMMR colonic crypt foci precursors were observed in ethanol-treated compared with water-treated mice (p = 0.0029, Student's t-test). Moreover, increased plasma acetaldehyde levels were detected in ethanol-treated compared with water-treated mice (p = 0.0019, Mann-Whitney U-test), along with significantly increased DNA damage response in the colonic epithelium. Long-term ethanol treatment was associated with significantly increased colonic epithelial proliferation and markedly reduced apoptosis in dMMR adenomas, consistent with enhanced survival of aberrant dMMR relative to MMR-proficient colonic epithelium. In conclusion, there is strong evidence for a gene-environment interaction between dMMR and acetaldehyde, causing acceleration of dMMR-driven colonic tumour formation in this LS model, indicating that advice to limit alcohol consumption should be considered for LS patients. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guia Cerretelli
- Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General HospitalUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Ying Zhou
- Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General HospitalUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Mike F Müller
- Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General HospitalUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Mark J Arends
- Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General HospitalUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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11
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Variation in the risk of colorectal cancer in families with Lynch syndrome: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Oncol 2021; 22:1014-1022. [PMID: 34111421 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing clinical practice guidelines for carriers of pathogenic variants of DNA mismatch repair genes (Lynch syndrome) are based on the mean age-specific cumulative risk (penetrance) of colorectal cancer for all carriers of pathogenic variants in the same gene. We aimed to estimate the variation in the penetrance of colorectal cancer between carriers of pathogenic variants in the same gene by sex and continent of residence. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, we sourced data from the International Mismatch Repair Consortium, which comprises 273 members from 122 research centres or clinics in 32 countries from six continents who are involved in Lynch syndrome research. Families with at least three members and at least one confirmed carrier of a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in a DNA mismatch repair gene (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2) were included. The families of probands with known de-novo pathogenic variants were excluded. Data were collected on the method of ascertainment of the family, sex, carrier status, cancer diagnoses, and ages at the time of pedigree collection and at last contact or death. We used a segregation analysis conditioned on ascertainment to estimate the mean penetrance of colorectal cancer and modelled unmeasured polygenic factors to estimate the variation in penetrance. The existence of unknown familial risk factors modifying colorectal cancer risk for Lynch syndrome carriers was tested by use of a Wald p value for the null hypothesis that the polygenic SD is zero. FINDINGS 5585 families with Lynch syndrome from 22 countries were eligible for the analysis. Of these, there were insufficient numbers to estimate penetrance for Asia and South America, and for those with EPCAM variants. Therefore, we used data (collected between July 11, 2014, and Dec 31, 2018) from 5255 families (1829 MLH1, 2179 MSH2, 798 MSH6, and 449 PMS2), comprising 79 809 relatives, recruited in 15 countries in North America, Europe, and Australasia. There was strong evidence of the existence of unknown familial risk factors modifying colorectal cancer risk for Lynch syndrome carriers (p<0·0001 for each of the three three continents). These familial risk factors resulted in a wide within-gene variation in the risk of colorectal cancer for men and women from each continent who all carried pathogenic variants in the same gene or the MSH2 c.942+3A>T variant. The variation was especially prominent for MLH1 and MSH2 variant carriers, depending on gene, sex and continent, with 7-56% of carriers having a colorectal cancer penetrance of less than 20%, 9-44% having a penetrance of more than 80%, and only 10-19% having a penetrance of 40-60%. INTERPRETATION Our study findings highlight the important role of risk modifiers, which could lead to personalised risk assessments for precision prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer for people with Lynch syndrome. FUNDING National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia.
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12
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Alnahhas I, Rayi A, Ong S, Giglio P, Puduvalli V. Management of gliomas in patients with Lynch syndrome. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:167-168. [PMID: 33059358 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iyad Alnahhas
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Appaji Rayi
- Department of Neurology, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, West Virginia
| | - Shirley Ong
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Pierre Giglio
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Vinay Puduvalli
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
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13
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Will Castro LSEP, Pieters W, Alemdehy MF, Aslam MA, Buoninfante OA, Raaijmakers JA, Pilzecker B, van den Berk PCM, Te Riele H, Medema RH, Pedrosa RC, Jacobs H. The Widely Used Antihelmintic Drug Albendazole is a Potent Inducer of Loss of Heterozygosity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:596535. [PMID: 33679394 PMCID: PMC7935534 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.596535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antihelmintic drug ABZ and its metabolites belong to the chemical family of benzimidazoles (BZM) that act as potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors, suggesting a potential re-direction of BZMs for cancer therapy. Applying UV-Vis spectrometry we here demonstrate ABZ as a DNA intercalator. This insight led us to determine the primary mode of ABZ action in mammalian cells. As revealed by RNA sequencing, ABZ did neither grossly affect replication as analyzed by survival and replication stress signaling, nor the transcriptome. Actually, unbiased transcriptome analysis revealed a marked cell cycle signature in ABZ exposed cells. Indeed, short-term exposure to ABZ arrested mammalian cells in G2/M cell cycle stages associated with frequent gains and losses of chromatin. Cellular analyses revealed ABZ as a potent mammalian spindle poison for normal and malignant cells, explaining the serious chromosome segregation defects. Since chromosomal aberrations promote both cancer development and cell death, we determined if besides its general cytotoxicity, ABZ could predispose to tumor development. As measured by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in vitro and in vivo ABZ was found as a potent inducer of LOH and accelerator of chromosomal missegregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza S E P Will Castro
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Wietske Pieters
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mir Farshid Alemdehy
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Muhammad A Aslam
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Jonne A Raaijmakers
- Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bas Pilzecker
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul C M van den Berk
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hein Te Riele
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - René H Medema
- Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rozangela C Pedrosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Heinz Jacobs
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Ijsselsteijn R, Jansen JG, de Wind N. DNA mismatch repair-dependent DNA damage responses and cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 93:102923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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15
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Buikhuisen JY, Torang A, Medema JP. Exploring and modelling colon cancer inter-tumour heterogeneity: opportunities and challenges. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:66. [PMID: 32647253 PMCID: PMC7347540 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer inter-tumour heterogeneity is installed on multiple levels, ranging from (epi)genetic driver events to signalling pathway rewiring reflected by differential gene expression patterns. Although the existence of heterogeneity in colon cancer has been recognised for a longer period of time, it is sparingly incorporated as a determining factor in current clinical practice. Here we describe how unsupervised gene expression-based classification efforts, amongst which the consensus molecular subtypes (CMS), can stratify patients in biological subgroups associated with distinct disease outcome and responses to therapy. We will discuss what is needed to extend these subtyping efforts to the clinic and we will argue that preclinical models recapitulate CMS subtypes and can be of vital use to increase our understanding of treatment response and resistance and to discover novel targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Y Buikhuisen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arezo Torang
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Rath A, Mishra A, Ferreira VD, Hu C, Omerza G, Kelly K, Hesse A, Reddi HV, Grady JP, Heinen CD. Functional interrogation of Lynch syndrome-associated MSH2 missense variants via CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in human embryonic stem cells. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:2044-2056. [PMID: 31237724 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lynch syndrome (LS) predisposes patients to cancer and is caused by germline mutations in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Identifying the deleterious mutation, such as a frameshift or nonsense mutation, is important for confirming an LS diagnosis. However, discovery of a missense variant is often inconclusive. The effects of these variants of uncertain significance (VUS) on disease pathogenesis are unclear, though understanding their impact on protein function can help determine their significance. Laboratory functional studies performed to date have been limited by their artificial nature. We report here an in-cellulo functional assay in which we engineered site-specific MSH2 VUS using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 gene editing in human embryonic stem cells. This approach introduces the variant into the endogenous MSH2 loci, while simultaneously eliminating the wild-type gene. We characterized the impact of the variants on cellular MMR functions including DNA damage response signaling and the repair of DNA microsatellites. We classified the MMR functional capability of eight of 10 VUS providing valuable information for determining their likelihood of being bona fide pathogenic LS variants. This human cell-based assay system for functional testing of MMR gene VUS will facilitate the identification of high-risk LS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Rath
- Center for Molecular Oncology and Institute for Systems Genomics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Akriti Mishra
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | | | - Chaoran Hu
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut.,Connecticut Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Gregory Omerza
- Clinical Genomics Laboratory, The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Kevin Kelly
- Clinical Genomics Laboratory, The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Andrew Hesse
- Clinical Genomics Laboratory, The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Honey V Reddi
- Clinical Genomics Laboratory, The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - James P Grady
- Connecticut Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Christopher D Heinen
- Center for Molecular Oncology and Institute for Systems Genomics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
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17
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Gupta D, Heinen CD. The mismatch repair-dependent DNA damage response: Mechanisms and implications. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 78:60-69. [PMID: 30959407 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An important role for the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway in maintaining genomic stability is embodied in its conservation through evolution and the link between loss of MMR function and tumorigenesis. The latter is evident as inheritance of mutations within the major MMR genes give rise to the cancer predisposition condition, Lynch syndrome. Nonetheless, how MMR loss contributes to tumorigenesis is not completely understood. In addition to preventing the accumulation of mutations, MMR also directs cellular responses, such as cell cycle checkpoint or apoptosis activation, to different forms of DNA damage. Understanding this MMR-dependent DNA damage response may provide insight into the full tumor suppressing capabilities of the MMR pathway. Here, we delve into the proposed mechanisms for the MMR-dependent response to DNA damaging agents. We discuss how these pre-clinical findings extend to the clinical treatment of cancers, emphasizing MMR status as a crucial variable in selection of chemotherapeutic regimens. Also, we discuss how loss of the MMR-dependent damage response could promote tumorigenesis via the establishment of a survival advantage to endogenous levels of stress in MMR-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipika Gupta
- Center for Molecular Oncology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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18
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Hurtado CG, Wan F, Housseau F, Sears CL. Roles for Interleukin 17 and Adaptive Immunity in Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:1706-1715. [PMID: 30218667 PMCID: PMC6441974 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic colorectal cancer is one of the most common and lethal cancers worldwide. The locations and functions of immune cells in the colorectal tumor microenvironment are complex and heterogeneous. T-helper (Th)1 cell-mediated responses against established colorectal tumors are associated with better outcomes of patients (time of relapse-free or overall survival), whereas Th17 cell-mediated responses and production of interleukin 17A (IL17A) have been associated with worse outcomes of patients. Tumors that develop in mouse models of colorectal cancer are rarely invasive and differ in many ways from human colorectal tumors. However, these mice have been used to study the mechanisms by which Th17 cells and IL17A promote colorectal tumor initiation and growth, which appear to involve their direct effects on colon epithelial cells. Specific members of the colonic microbiota may promote IL17A production and IL17A-producing cell functions in the colonic mucosa to promote carcinogenesis. Increasing our understanding of the interactions between the colonic microbiota and the mucosal immune response, the roles of Th17 cells and IL17 in these interactions, and how these processes are altered during colon carcinogenesis, could lead to new strategies for preventing or treating colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G. Hurtado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fengyi Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Oncology and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Franck Housseau
- Department of Oncology and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Blomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Cynthia L. Sears
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Oncology and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland,Blomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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19
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Rigter LS, Snaebjornsson P, Rosenberg EH, Atmodimedjo PN, Aleman BM, Ten Hoeve J, Geurts-Giele WR, van Ravesteyn TW, Hoeksel J, Meijer GA, Te Riele H, van Leeuwen FE, Dinjens WN, van Leerdam ME. Double somatic mutations in mismatch repair genes are frequent in colorectal cancer after Hodgkin's lymphoma treatment. Gut 2018; 67:447-455. [PMID: 29439113 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hodgkin's lymphoma survivors who were treated with infradiaphragmatic radiotherapy or procarbazine-containing chemotherapy have a fivefold increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aims to provide insight into the development of therapy-related CRC (t-CRC) by evaluating histopathological and molecular characteristics. DESIGN 54 t-CRCs diagnosed in a Hodgkin's lymphoma survivor cohort were analysed for mismatch repair (MMR) proteins by immunohistochemistry, microsatellite instability (MSI) and KRAS/BRAF mutations. MSI t-CRCs were evaluated for promoter methylation and mutations in MMR genes. Pathogenicity of MMR gene mutations was evaluated by in silico predictions and functional analyses. Frequencies were compared with a general population cohort of CRC (n=1111). RESULTS KRAS and BRAF mutations were present in 41% and 15% t-CRCs, respectively. Compared with CRCs in the general population, t-CRCs had a higher MSI frequency (24% vs 11%, p=0.003) and more frequent loss of MSH2/MSH6 staining (13% vs 1%, p<0.001). Loss of MLH1/PMS2 staining and MLH1 promoter methylation were equally common in t-CRCs and the general population. In MSI CRCs without MLH1 promoter methylation, double somatic MMR gene mutations (or loss of heterozygosity as second hit) were detected in 7/10 (70%) t-CRCs and 8/36 (22%) CRCs in the general population (p=0.008). These MMR gene mutations in t-CRCs were classified as pathogenic. MSI t-CRC cases could not be ascribed to Lynch syndrome. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated a higher frequency of MSI among t-CRCs, which results from somatic MMR gene mutations. This suggests a novel association of somatic MMR gene mutations with prior anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne S Rigter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petur Snaebjornsson
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Efraim H Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peggy N Atmodimedjo
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Berthe M Aleman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Ten Hoeve
- Division of Computational Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willemina R Geurts-Giele
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas W van Ravesteyn
- Division of Biological Stress Response, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Hoeksel
- Division of Biological Stress Response, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hein Te Riele
- Division of Biological Stress Response, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Flora E van Leeuwen
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Winand N Dinjens
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Leerdam
- Department of Gastroenterology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Weeden CE, Asselin-Labat ML. Mechanisms of DNA damage repair in adult stem cells and implications for cancer formation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:89-101. [PMID: 29038050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of genomic integrity in tissue-specific stem cells is critical for tissue homeostasis and the prevention of deleterious diseases such as cancer. Stem cells are subject to DNA damage induced by endogenous replication mishaps or exposure to exogenous agents. The type of DNA lesion and the cell cycle stage will invoke different DNA repair mechanisms depending on the intrinsic DNA repair machinery of a cell. Inappropriate DNA repair in stem cells can lead to cell death, or to the formation and accumulation of genetic alterations that can be transmitted to daughter cells and so is linked to cancer formation. DNA mutational signatures that are associated with DNA repair deficiencies or exposure to carcinogenic agents have been described in cancer. Here we review the most recent findings on DNA repair pathways activated in epithelial tissue stem and progenitor cells and their implications for cancer mutational signatures. We discuss how deep knowledge of early molecular events leading to carcinogenesis provides insights into DNA repair mechanisms operating in tumours and how these could be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Weeden
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marie-Liesse Asselin-Labat
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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21
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Rigter LS, Kallenberg FGJ, Bastiaansen B, van Os TAM, van Leeuwen FE, van Leerdam ME, Dekker E. A case series of intestinal adenomatous polyposis of unidentified etiology; a late effect of irradiation? BMC Cancer 2016; 16:862. [PMID: 27821077 PMCID: PMC5100076 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a large number of patients with multiple gastrointestinal adenomatous polyps, no causal germline mutation can be found. Non-genetic factors may contribute to the development of adenomatous polyps in these unexplained polyposis patients. In the development of gastrointestinal cancer, prior exposure to abdominal radiotherapy has been identified as such a factor, as it increases the gastrointestinal cancer risk in cancer survivors. A relationship of radiotherapy with intestinal polyposis, however, has not yet been described. Despite the increased cancer risk, these cancer survivors do not receive gastrointestinal screening recommendations. This case series describes three patients with adenomatous polyposis after abdominal radiotherapy. Case presentation Patient 1 was diagnosed with testicular cancer at the age of 31 and was treated with hemicastration, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Thirty-nine years later, he was diagnosed with more than 30 colonic adenomas. Additionally, gastroduodenoscopy revealed a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma in the antrum of the stomach. Patient 2 was diagnosed with a nephroblastoma at the age of 10, which was resected and treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. At age 36, a rectal adenocarcinoma was diagnosed and treated by radiotherapy and a total mesorectal excision. During 11 years of surveillance endoscopies, 21 colonic adenomas and three duodenal adenomas were detected. Patient 3 was diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma at the age of 20 and treated with radiotherapy, followed by chemotherapy for a recurrence 3 years later. At age 62, a subtotal colectomy was performed because of colonic polyposis: 36 adenomas were detected. During screening gastro-duodenoscopy, three duodenal adenomas were detected. In all three patients, germline analysis did not reveal a mutation in the APC and MYH genes. The gastric and rectal cancer were both microsatellite stable. Conclusion This report describes three patients with adenomatous polyposis, of which two developed a gastrointestinal cancer. The polyposis was not explained by a germline mutation in APC or MYH and all patients received abdominal radiotherapy. Although an etiologic role has not been established, an association between radiotherapy and intestinal adenomatous polyposis and the subsequent development of cancer seems very likely in our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne Sara Rigter
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank G J Kallenberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Bastiaansen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo A M van Os
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floor E van Leeuwen
- Division of Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Evelien Dekker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Mcilhatton MA, Boivin GP, Groden J. Manipulation of DNA Repair Proficiency in Mouse Models of Colorectal Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1414383. [PMID: 27413734 PMCID: PMC4931062 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1414383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Technical and biological innovations have enabled the development of more sophisticated and focused murine models that increasingly recapitulate the complex pathologies of human diseases, in particular cancer. Mouse models provide excellent in vivo systems for deciphering the intricacies of cancer biology within the context of precise experimental settings. They present biologically relevant, adaptable platforms that are amenable to continual improvement and refinement. We discuss how recent advances in our understanding of tumorigenesis and the underlying deficiencies of DNA repair mechanisms that drive it have been informed by using genetically engineered mice to create defined, well-characterized models of human colorectal cancer. In particular, we focus on how mechanisms of DNA repair can be manipulated precisely to create in vivo models whereby the underlying processes of tumorigenesis are accelerated or attenuated, dependent on the composite alleles carried by the mouse model. Such models have evolved to the stage where they now reflect the initiation and progression of sporadic cancers. The review is focused on mouse models of colorectal cancer and how insights from these models have been instrumental in shaping our understanding of the processes and potential therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Mcilhatton
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gregory P. Boivin
- Department of Pathology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Health Sciences Building 053, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Joanna Groden
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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23
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Lee K, Tosti E, Edelmann W. Mouse models of DNA mismatch repair in cancer research. DNA Repair (Amst) 2016; 38:140-146. [PMID: 26708047 PMCID: PMC4754788 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes are the cause of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer/Lynch syndrome (HNPCC/LS) one of the most common cancer predisposition syndromes, and defects in MMR are also prevalent in sporadic colorectal cancers. In the past, the generation and analysis of mouse lines with knockout mutations in all of the known MMR genes has provided insight into how loss of individual MMR genes affects genome stability and contributes to cancer susceptibility. These studies also revealed essential functions for some of the MMR genes in B cell maturation and fertility. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of the cancer predisposition phenotypes of recently developed mouse models with targeted mutations in MutS and MutL homologs (Msh and Mlh, respectively) and their utility as preclinical models. The focus will be on mouse lines with conditional MMR mutations that have allowed more accurate modeling of human cancer syndromes in mice and that together with new technologies in gene targeting, hold great promise for the analysis of MMR-deficient intestinal tumors and other cancers which will drive the development of preventive and therapeutic treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeryoung Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Elena Tosti
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Winfried Edelmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
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24
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Jackstadt R, Sansom OJ. Mouse models of intestinal cancer. J Pathol 2016; 238:141-51. [PMID: 26414675 PMCID: PMC4832380 DOI: 10.1002/path.4645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Murine models of intestinal cancer are powerful tools to recapitulate human intestinal cancer, understand its biology and test therapies. With recent developments identifying the importance of the tumour microenvironment and the potential for immunotherapy, autochthonous genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) will remain an important part of preclinical studies for the foreseeable future. This review will provide an overview of the current mouse models of intestinal cancer, from the Apc(Min/+) mouse, which has been used for over 25 years, to the latest 'state-of-the-art' organoid models. We discuss here how these models have been used to define fundamental processes involved in tumour initiation and the attempts to generate metastatic models, which is the ultimate cause of cancer mortality. Together these models will provide key insights to understand this complex disease and hopefully will lead to the discovery of new therapeutic strategies.
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25
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Cioccoloni G, Bonmassar L, Pagani E, Caporali S, Fuggetta MP, Bonmassar E, D'Atri S, Aquino A. Influence of fatty acid synthase inhibitor orlistat on the DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase in human normal or malignant cells in vitro. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:764-72. [PMID: 26035182 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydrolipstatin (orlistat), an inhibitor of lipases and fatty acid synthase, is used orally for long-term treatment of obesity. Although the drug possesses striking antitumor activities in vitro against human cancer cells and in vitro and in vivo against animal tumors, it also induces precancerous lesions in rat colon. Therefore, we tested the in vitro effect of orlistat on the expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), a DNA repair enzyme that plays an essential role in the control of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Western blot analysis demonstrated that 2-day continuous exposure to 40 µM orlistat did not affect MGMT levels in a human melanoma cell line, but downregulated the repair protein by 30-70% in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in two leukemia and two colon cancer cell lines. On the other hand, orlistat did not alter noticeably MGMT mRNA expression. Differently from lomeguatrib (a false substrate, strong inhibitor of MGMT) orlistat did not reduce substantially MGMT function after 2-h exposure of target cells to the agent, suggesting that this drug is not a competitive inhibitor of the repair protein. Combined treatment with orlistat and lomeguatrib showed additive reduction of MGMT levels. More importantly, orlistat-mediated downregulation of MGMT protein expression was markedly amplified when the drug was combined with a DNA methylating agent endowed with carcinogenic properties such as temozolomide. In conclusion, even if orlistat is scarcely absorbed by oral route, it is possible that this drug could reduce local MGMT-mediated protection against DNA damage provoked by DNA methylating compounds on gastrointestinal tract epithelial cells, thus favoring chemical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Cioccoloni
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bonmassar
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, I-00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Pagani
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, I-00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Caporali
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, I-00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Fuggetta
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Bonmassar
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania D'Atri
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, I-00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Aquino
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', I-00133 Rome, Italy
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26
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Mismatch repair-deficient crypt foci in Lynch syndrome--molecular alterations and association with clinical parameters. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121980. [PMID: 25816162 PMCID: PMC4376900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lynch syndrome is caused by germline mutations of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, most frequently MLH1 and MSH2. Recently, MMR-deficient crypt foci (MMR-DCF) have been identified as a novel lesion which occurs at high frequency in the intestinal mucosa from Lynch syndrome mutation carriers, but very rarely progress to cancer. To shed light on molecular alterations and clinical associations of MMR-DCF, we systematically searched the intestinal mucosa from Lynch syndrome patients for MMR-DCF by immunohistochemistry. The identified lesions were characterised for alterations in microsatellite-bearing genes with proven or suspected role in malignant transformation. We demonstrate that the prevalence of MMR-DCF (mean 0.84 MMR-DCF per 1 cm2 mucosa in the colorectum of Lynch syndrome patients) was significantly associated with patients’ age, but not with patients’ gender. No MMR-DCF were detectable in the mucosa of patients with sporadic MSI-H colorectal cancer (n = 12). Microsatellite instability of at least one tested marker was detected in 89% of the MMR-DCF examined, indicating an immediate onset of microsatellite instability after MMR gene inactivation. Coding microsatellite mutations were most frequent in the genes HT001 (ASTE1) with 33%, followed by AIM2 (17%) and BAX (10%). Though MMR deficiency alone appears to be insufficient for malignant transformation, it leads to measurable microsatellite instability even in single MMR-deficient crypts. Our data indicate for the first time that the frequency of MMR-DCF increases with patients’ age. Similar patterns of coding microsatellite instability in MMR-DCF and MMR-deficient cancers suggest that certain combinations of coding microsatellite mutations, including mutations of the HT001, AIM2 and BAX gene, may contribute to the progression of MMR-deficient lesions into MMR-deficient cancers.
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