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Zhu H, Xu L, Chen P, Li Z, Yu W, Sun P, Wu J, Cai M. Structure characteristics, protective effect and mechanisms of ethanol-fractional polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale on acute ethanol-induced gastritis. Food Funct 2024; 15:4079-4094. [PMID: 38563230 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05540j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Gastritis is a common disease characterized by gastric ulcers and severe bleeding. Excessive daily alcohol consumption can cause acute gastritis, impacting individuals' quality of life. This study aims to explore the protective effects of different ethanol-fractional polysaccharides of Dendrobium officinale (EPDO) on acute alcohol-induced gastric injury in vivo. Results showed that EPDO-80, identified as a β-glucan, exhibited significant anti-inflammatory properties in pathology. It could reduce the area of gastric mucosal injury and cell infiltration. EPDO-80 had a dose-effect relationship in reducing the levels of malondialdehyde and cyclooxygenase-2 and decreasing the levels of inflammation mediators such as tumor necrosis factor α. More extensively, EPDO-80 could inhibit the activation of the TNFR/IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing the production of TNF-α mRNA and cell apoptosis in organs. Conversely, EPDO-80 could promote changes in the gut microbiota structure. These findings suggest that EPDO-80 could have great potential in limiting oxidative stress and inflammation mediated by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, which is highly related to its β-glucan structure and functions in gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhao Li
- Longevity Valley Botanical Co., Ltd., Zhejiang 321200, People's Republic of China
| | - Wujin Yu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Wu
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
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Li Y, Li YR, Jin Y, Li MY, Zhang Q, Cao J, Li F, Zhang H, Chen J, Li YQ. Involvement of enteric glial cells in colonic motility in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 128:102235. [PMID: 36669707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is one of the important systems that regulate gastrointestinal function. The ENS is made up of enteric glial cells (EGCs) and neurons. For a long time, it was believed that the function of EGCs was only to give structural support to neurons. However, recent evidence indicates EGCs are involved in most gut functions, including the development and plasticity of the ENS, epithelial barrier, and motility. However, it remains unclear whether EGCs have the potential to modify colonic motility following irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with predominant diarrhea (IBS-D). This study aimed to investigate changes in EGCs during IBS-D and assessed the effects of manipulating EGCs. An IBS-D rat model was constructed using acetic acid and restraint stress, and DL-fluorocitric acid (FC), an inhibitor of EGCs, was administered. The changes in EGCs and colonic motility were studied by employing techniques comprising morphological, molecular biological and functional experiments. The results showed significant activation of EGCs in the myenteric plexus (MP) of the IBS-D-induced rat colon with accelerated colonic motility. FC significantly reduced the activation of EGCs and colonic motility caused by acetic acid and restraint stress. Hypercontraction of the colon caused by IBS-D may be associated with activation of EGCs in the MP of the colon and this was prevented by FC. Therefore, regulating colon hypercontraction through interference with the activation of EGCs has significant prospects for clinical application to alleviate diarrhea in patients with IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Geriatrics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Yan-Rong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Meng-Ying Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Preclinical Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Geriatrics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
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Lacy BE, Chase RC, Cangemi DJ. The treatment of functional dyspepsia: present and future. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:9-20. [PMID: 36588474 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2162877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a prevalent, but frequently overlooked and/or under diagnosed disorder of gut-brain interaction (DGBI). Functional dyspepsia frequently co-exists with other DGBIs, and persistent symptoms have a significant impact on patients' quality of life. A variety of therapies (e.g. diet, probiotics, antibiotics, acid suppressants, neuromodulators, prokinetics) are employed to treat the multiple symptoms of FD, although none are uniformly effective. AREAS COVERED This review covers currently available therapies for the treatment of FD in addition to novel and emerging therapies that may change the treatment paradigm in the near future. PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane data bank were searched from 1990 to October 2022 for relevant articles. EXPERT OPINION Dietary intervention, eradication of H. pylori, and/or a trial of acid suppression are reasonable initial treatment options for patients with FD. Neuromodulators and fundic accommodation agents are underemployed and should be used more routinely by healthcare providers, especially for patients with moderate-severe symptoms. Alternative therapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and hypnotherapy, are gaining recognition as safe and effective treatments for FD and can be used alone or in combination with medications. Virtual reality has the potential to significantly improve global FD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Lacy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - R Christopher Chase
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - David J Cangemi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Xu W, Zhang Z, Lu Y, Li M, Li J, Tao W. Traditional Chinese medicine Tongxie Yaofang treating irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea and type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats with liver-depression and spleen-deficiency: A preliminary study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:968930. [PMID: 36438735 PMCID: PMC9686328 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.968930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tongxie Yaofang (TXYF), a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with four components as follows: Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (baizhu), Radix Paeoniae Alba (baishao), Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (chenpi) and Radix Saposhnikovia Divaricata (fangfeng), benefits irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Nonetheless, proofs of this formula ameliorating D-IBS and T2DM are required. This research aimed at investigating the efficacy of TXYF in treating inflammation in rats with D-IBS and T2DM using animal models. In this study, gavage with high-fat diet, fasciculation, and senna was given to develop rat models with target diseases. To determine intestinal inflammations, major inflammatory factors, and intestinal permeability proteins, H&E staining, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry methods were employed, respectively. This study also utilized Western blot to discover potential inflammatory targets. Results of this research illustrates that TXYF treatment reduced the level of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and raised the IL-10 concentration in liver-depressed spleende ficient rats with D-IBS and T2DM, indicating controlled inflammatory reactions. Staining analysis also showed improved disease states of animal models. Furthermore, efficient rebounds of claudin-1, an intestinal permeability-associated protein, were detected. Moreover, TXYF may treat D-IBS and T2DM in rats via the rage pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mengxi Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiayao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenhua Tao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Glutamine deficiency links clindamycin-induced dysbiosis and intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:366-374. [PMID: 33087187 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520004195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics rank as the most powerful weapons against bacterial infection, but their use is often limited by antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD). Here, we reported that glutamine deficiency might act as a new link between clindamycin-induced dysbiosis and intestinal barrier dysfunction during AAD progression. Using a mouse model, we demonstrated that glutamine became a conditionally essential amino acid upon persistent therapeutic-dose clindamycin exposure, evidenced by a dramatic decrease in intestinal glutamine level and glutaminase expression. Mechanistically, clindamycin substantially confounded the abundance of butyrate-producing strains, leading to the deficiency of faecal butyrate which is normally a fundamental fuel for enterocytes, and in turn increased the compensatory use of glutamine. In addition to its pivotal roles in colonic epithelial cell turnover, glutamine was required for nitric oxide production in classic macrophage-driven host defence facilitating pathogen removal. Importantly, oral administration of glutamine effectively attenuated clindamycin-induced dysbiosis and restored intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice. Collectively, the present study highlighted the importance of gut microbiota in host energy homoeostasis and provided a rationale for introducing glutamine supplementation to patients receiving long-term antibiotic treatment.
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Zhang C, Huang Y, Li P, Chen X, Liu F, Hou Q. Ginger relieves intestinal hypersensitivity of diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome by inhibiting proinflammatory reaction. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:279. [PMID: 32928188 PMCID: PMC7489045 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginger or ginger extracts have been used in traditional medicine relieve pain caused by diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), but few data exists about its effectiveness. This present study was to validate the effect of ginger on visceral pain, and to further explore the possible underlying mechanism by which ginger is used to relieve IBS-D intestinal hypersensitivity. METHODS First, the IBS-D rat model was established by chemical stimulation and acute and chronic pressure stimulation. Then, different dose of ginger were administrated to IBS-D rats and evaluate the defecation frequency, fecal water content (FWC) and abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scores in IBS-D rats. Further, the IBS-D rats were sacrificed to collecte the colonic tissues to evaluate the effect of ginger administration on its pathology and changes of pro-inflammatory factors, and changes of NF-κB pathway. Second, the ginger was taken to HPLC analysis and 6-gingerol was choosen to further experiment. Then, IBS-D rats were treated with different dose of 6-gingerol, and the behavioral evaluation were to evaluate the effect of 6-gingerol on IBS-D rats. Further, colonic epithelial cells (CECs) were collectted and to evaluate the effect of 6-gingerol on the expression of inflammatory factors and changes of NF-κB pathway. RESULTS The IBS-D rat model was successfully established by chemical stimulation and acute and chronic pressure stimulation. And ginger treatment significantly reduced the defecation frequency, fecal water content and AWR scores in IBS-D rats. Histopathological analysis showed that ginger treatment can significantly reduce colonic edema and promote the recovery of inflammation in IBS-D rats, and the effect is equivalent to rifaximin. Elisa and RT-qPCR showed that ginger inhibited the expression of proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS) in IBS-D rats. Western blot showed IkBα was up-regulated while p-p65 was inhibited under ginger treatment. HPLC analysis showed that 6-gingerol was the main component of ginger, which could improve clinical symptoms in IBS-D rats. Western blot and RT-qPCR showed that 6-gingerol inhibited the expression of proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS) in CECs, and inhibition of IκBα degradation and phosphorylation of p65 involved in NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSION Ginger and ginger extract could relieve intestinal hypersensitivity of IBS-D by inhibiting proinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changrong Zhang
- Graduate School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongquan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510405, P.R. China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Statistics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengbin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510405, P.R. China.
| | - Qiuke Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510405, P.R. China.
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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Sun M, Ma N, He T, Johnston LJ, Ma X. Tryptophan (Trp) modulates gut homeostasis via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1760-1768. [PMID: 30924357 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1598334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal homeostasis is an orchestrated dynamic equilibrium state composed of the coexistence and interactions among the nutrients, microbial flora, and immune system. The intestinal balance disorder can trigger a series of diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Many of tryptophan (Trp) metabolites, such as kynurenine and indole, generated under a series of endogenous enzymes or microbial metabolism, have been reported enable to bind and activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), this series of process is termed the Trp-AhR pathway. The activated Trp-AhR pathway can induce the expression of downstream cytokines such as interleukin-22 (IL-22) and interleukin-17 (IL-17), thereby regulating the intestinal homeostasis. This review highlights the advance of Trp-AhR pathway in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis and provides some insights for the clinical strategies that expect to effectively prevent and treat gut diseases via intervening the Trp-AhR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meige Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lee J Johnston
- Swine Nutrition and Production, West Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN, USA
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Internal Medicine Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Goichon A, Bahlouli W, Ghouzali I, Chan P, Vaudry D, Déchelotte P, Ducrotté P, Coëffier M. Colonic Proteome Signature in Immunoproteasome-Deficient Stressed Mice and Its Relevance for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. J Proteome Res 2018; 18:478-492. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Goichon
- INSERM unit 1073, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, 22 boulevard Gambetta, Rouen, F-76183, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, F-76183, France
| | - Wafa Bahlouli
- INSERM unit 1073, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, 22 boulevard Gambetta, Rouen, F-76183, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, F-76183, France
| | - Ibtissem Ghouzali
- INSERM unit 1073, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, 22 boulevard Gambetta, Rouen, F-76183, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, F-76183, France
| | - Philippe Chan
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, F-76183, France
- Platform in proteomics PISSARO, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, F-76821, France
| | - David Vaudry
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, F-76183, France
- Platform in proteomics PISSARO, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, F-76821, France
- INSERM unit 1239, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, F-76821, France
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- INSERM unit 1073, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, 22 boulevard Gambetta, Rouen, F-76183, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, F-76183, France
- Nutrition Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, F-76031, France
| | - Philippe Ducrotté
- INSERM unit 1073, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, 22 boulevard Gambetta, Rouen, F-76183, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, F-76183, France
- Gastroenterology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, F-76031, France
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- INSERM unit 1073, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, 22 boulevard Gambetta, Rouen, F-76183, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, F-76183, France
- Nutrition Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, F-76031, France
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Achamrah N, Déchelotte P, Coëffier M. Glutamine and the regulation of intestinal permeability: from bench to bedside. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2017; 20:86-91. [PMID: 27749689 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in plasma and plays a key role in maintaining the integrity of intestinal barrier. RECENT FINDINGS Experimental studies showed that glutamine is able to modulate intestinal permeability and tight junction protein expression in several conditions. Recent articles underlined its putative beneficial role in gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome. SUMMARY Glutamine is a major nutrient to maintain intestinal barrier function in animals and humans. Depletion of glutamine results in villus atrophy, decreased expression of tight junction proteins and increased intestinal permeability. Moreover, glutamine supplementation can improve gut barrier function in several experimental conditions of injury and in some clinical situations. Furthermore, preventive effects of glutamine in experimental models of intestinal injuries have been recently reported. Despite promising data in experimental models, further studies are needed to evaluate glutamine supplementation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najate Achamrah
- aNormandie Univ bINSERM UMR 1073 'Nutrition, Inflammation and Dysfunction of Gut-brain Axis', University of Rouen cNutrition Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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Ghouzali I, Lemaitre C, Bahlouli W, Azhar S, Bôle-Feysot C, Meleine M, Ducrotté P, Déchelotte P, Coëffier M. Targeting immunoproteasome and glutamine supplementation prevent intestinal hyperpermeability. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:3278-3288. [PMID: 27544233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal hyperpermeability has been reported in several intestinal and non-intestinal disorders. We aimed to investigate the role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in gut barrier regulation in two mice models: the water avoidance stress model (WAS) and a post-inflammatory model (post-TNBS). METHODS Both models were applied in C57BL/6 male mice (n=7-8/group); Proteasome was targeted by injection of a selective proteasome inhibitor or by using knock-out mice for β2i proteasome subunit. Finally, glutamine supplementation was evaluated. RESULTS In both models (WAS at day 10, post-TNBS at day 28), we observed an increase in proteasome trypsin-like activity and in inducible β2/constitutive β2 subunit protein expression ratio, associated with an increase in intestinal permeability. Moreover, intestinal hyperpermeability was blunted by intraperitoneal injection of selective proteasome inhibitor in WAS and post-TNBS mice. Of note, knock-out mice for the β2i subunit exhibited a significant decrease in intestinal permeability and fecal pellet output during WAS. Glutamine supplementation also improved colonic permeability in both models. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the proteasome system is altered in the colonic mucosa of WAS and post-TNBS mice with increased trypsin-like activity. Associated intestinal hyperpermeability was blunted by immunoproteasome inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtissem Ghouzali
- Normandie Univ, INSERM unit 1073, Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-brain axis, Rouen, France; Rouen University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Caroline Lemaitre
- Normandie Univ, INSERM unit 1073, Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-brain axis, Rouen, France; Rouen University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France; Department of Gastroenterology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Wafa Bahlouli
- Normandie Univ, INSERM unit 1073, Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-brain axis, Rouen, France; Rouen University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Saïda Azhar
- Normandie Univ, INSERM unit 1073, Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-brain axis, Rouen, France; Rouen University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Christine Bôle-Feysot
- Normandie Univ, INSERM unit 1073, Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-brain axis, Rouen, France; Rouen University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Mathieu Meleine
- Normandie Univ, INSERM unit 1073, Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-brain axis, Rouen, France; Rouen University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Ducrotté
- Normandie Univ, INSERM unit 1073, Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-brain axis, Rouen, France; Rouen University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France; Department of Gastroenterology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Normandie Univ, INSERM unit 1073, Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-brain axis, Rouen, France; Rouen University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France; Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- Normandie Univ, INSERM unit 1073, Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-brain axis, Rouen, France; Rouen University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France; Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
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Abstract
The gastrointestinal mucosal barrier plays an essential role in the separation of the inside of the body from the outside environment. Tight junctions (TJs) are the most important component for construction of a constitutive barrier of epithelial cells, and they regulate the permeability of the barrier by tightly sealing the cell-cell junctions. TJ proteins are represented by claudins, occludin, junctional adhesion molecules, and scaffold protein zonula occludens. Among these TJ proteins, claudins are the major components of TJs and are responsible for the barrier and the polarity of the epithelial cells. Gastrointestinal diseases including reflux esophagitis, inflammatory bowel disease, functional gastrointestinal disorders, and cancers may be regulated by these molecules, and disruption of their functions leads to chronic inflammatory conditions and chronic or progressive disease. Therefore, regulation of the barrier function of epithelial cells by regulating the expression and localization of TJ proteins is a potential new target for the treatment of these diseases. Treatment strategies for these diseases might thus be largely altered if symptom generation and/or immune dysfunction could be regulated through improvement of mucosal barrier function. Since TJ proteins may also modify tumor infiltration and metastasis, other important goals include finding a good TJ biomarker of cancer progression and patient prognosis, and developing TJ protein-targeted therapies that can modify patient prognosis. This review summarizes current understanding of gastrointestinal barrier function, TJ protein expression, and the mechanisms underlying epithelial barrier dysregulation in gastrointestinal diseases.
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Bertrand J, Ghouzali I, Guérin C, Bôle-Feysot C, Gouteux M, Déchelotte P, Ducrotté P, Coëffier M. Glutamine Restores Tight Junction Protein Claudin-1 Expression in Colonic Mucosa of Patients With Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016; 40:1170-1176. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607115587330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bertrand
- INSERM UMR1073, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Ibtissem Ghouzali
- INSERM UMR1073, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Charlène Guérin
- INSERM UMR1073, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Christine Bôle-Feysot
- INSERM UMR1073, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Mélodie Gouteux
- INSERM UMR1073, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- INSERM UMR1073, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, Rouen, France
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Ducrotté
- INSERM UMR1073, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- INSERM UMR1073, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, Rouen, France
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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Affiliation(s)
- QIQI ZHOU
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - G. NICHOLAS VERNE
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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