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Jin J, Jung M, Sonn SK, Seo S, Suh J, Kweon HY, Moon SH, Jo H, Yoon NH, Oh GT. Peroxiredoxin 3 deficiency exacerbates DSS-induced acute colitis via exosomal miR-1260b-mediated barrier disruption and pro-inflammatory signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 38970422 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Peroxiredoxin3 (Prdx3) is an intracellular antioxidant enzyme that is specifically localized in mitochondria and protects against oxidative stress by removing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). The intestinal epithelium provides a physical and biochemical barrier that segregates host tissues from commensal bacteria to maintain intestinal homeostasis. An imbalance between the cellular antioxidant defense system and oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the role of Prdx3 in the intestinal epithelium under intestinal inflammation has not been elucidated. To investigate the potential role of Prdx3 in intestinal inflammation, we used intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific Prdx3-knockout mice. RESULTS IEC-specific Prdx3-deficient mice showed more severe colitis phenotypes with greater degrees of body weight loss, colon shortening, barrier disruption, mitochondrial damage, and ROS generation in IECs. Furthermore, exosomal miR-1260b was dramatically increased in Prdx3-knockdown colonic epithelial cells. Mechanistically, Prdx3 deficiency promoted intestinal barrier disruption and inflammation via P38-MAPK/NFκB signaling. INNOVATION this is the first study to report the protective role of Prdx3 in acute colitis using IEC-specific conditional knockout mice. CONCLUSION our study sheds light on the role of exosome-loaded miRNAs, particularly miR-1260b, in IBD. targeting miR-1260b or modulating exosome-mediated intercellular communication may hold promise as potential therapeutic strategies for managing IBD and restoring intestinal barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Ewha Womans University, Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Moajury Jung
- Ewha Womans University, Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Seong-Keun Sonn
- Ewha Womans University, Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of);
| | | | - Joowon Suh
- Ewha Womans University, Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Hyae Yon Kweon
- Ewha Womans University, Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Shin Hye Moon
- Ewha Womans University, Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Huiju Jo
- Ewha Womans University, Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Na Hyeon Yoon
- Ewha Womans University, Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Ewha Womans University, Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Imvastech Inc., Seoul, Korea (the Republic of);
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2
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Peng W, Fu J, Zhou L, Duan H. METTL1/FOXM1 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression and gefitinib resistance by inhibiting PTPN13 expression. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7420. [PMID: 38967523 PMCID: PMC11225164 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common malignant tumor in respiratory system. Methyltransferase-like 1 (METTL1) is a driver of m7G modification in mRNA. This study aimed to demonstrate the role of METTL1 in the proliferation, invasion and Gefitinib-resistance of LUAD. METHODS Public datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and GSE31210 datasets. Malignant tumor phenotypes were tested in vitro and in vivo through biological function assays and nude mouse with xenograft tumors. RNA immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to determine the interaction between METTL1 protein and FOXM1 mRNA. Public transcriptional database, Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase report assays were conducted to detect the downstream target of a transcriptional factor FOXM1. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated to evaluate the sensitivity to Gefitinib in LUAD cells. RESULTS The results showed that METTL1 was upregulated in LUAD, and the high expression of METTL1 was associated with unfavorable prognosis. Through the m7G-dependent manner, METTL1 improved the RNA stability of FOXM1, leading to the up-regulation of FOXM1. FOXM1 transcriptionally suppressed PTPN13 expression. The METTL1/FOXM1/PTPN13 axis reduced the sensitivity of LUAD cells to Gefitinib. Taken together, our data suggested that METTL1 plays oncogenic role in LUAD through inducing the m7G modification of FOXM1, therefore METTL1 probably is a new potential therapeutic target to counteract Gefitinib resistance in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People's HospitalThe First Affiliated of Human Normal UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovey of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Translational MedicineHunan Procincial People's HospitalChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jia Fu
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People's HospitalThe First Affiliated of Human Normal UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Lijun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People's HospitalThe First Affiliated of Human Normal UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Huaxin Duan
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People's HospitalThe First Affiliated of Human Normal UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovey of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Translational MedicineHunan Procincial People's HospitalChangshaHunanChina
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3
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Han CW, Jeong MS, Jang SB. Influence of the interaction between p53 and ZNF568 on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:133314. [PMID: 38944084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 plays important roles in suppressing the development and progression of cancer by responding to various stress signals. In addition, p53 can regulate the metabolic pathways of cancer cells by regulating energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. Here, we present a mechanism for the interaction between p53 and ZNF568. Initially, we used X-ray crystallography to determine the irregular loop structure of the ZNF568 KRAB domain; this loop plays an important role in the interaction between p53 and ZNF568. In addition, Cryo-EM was used to examine how the p53 DBD and ZNF568 KRAB domains bind together. The function of ZNF568 on p53-mediated mitochondrial respiration was confirmed by measuring glucose consumption and lactate production. These findings show that ZNF568 can reduce p53-mediated mitochondrial respiratory activity by binding to p53 and inhibiting the transcription of SCO2. SIGNIFICANCE: ZNF568 can directly bind to the p53 DBD and transcriptionally regulate the SCO2 gene. SCO2 transcriptional regulation by interaction between ZNF568 and p53 may regulate the balance between mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Woo Han
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Suk Jeong
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Bok Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Peng H, Ye T, Deng L, Yang X, Li Q, Tong J, Guo J. Activin and Hepatocyte Growth Factor Promotes Colorectal Cancer Stemness and Metastasis through FOXM1/SOX2/CXCR4 Signaling. Gut Liver 2024; 18:476-488. [PMID: 37458065 PMCID: PMC11096902 DOI: 10.5009/gnl220531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are believed to drive tumor development and metastasis. Activin and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are important cytokines with the ability to induce cancer stemness. However, the effect of activin and HGF combination treatment on CSCs is still unclear. Methods In this study, we sequentially treated colorectal cancer cells with activin and HGF and examined CSC marker expression, self-renewal, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. The roles of forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) and sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), two stemness-related transcription factors, in activin/HGF-induced aggressive phenotype were explored. Results Activin and HGF treatment increased the expression of CSC markers and enhanced sphere formation in colorectal cancer cells. The tumorigenic and metastatic capacities of colorectal cancer cells were enhanced upon activin and HGF treatment. Activin and HGF treatment preferentially promoted stemness and metastasis of CD133+ subpopulations sorted from colorectal cancer cells. FOXM1 was upregulated by activin and HGF treatment, and the knockdown of FOXM1 blocked activin/HGF-induced stemness, tumorigenesis, and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells. Similarly, SOX2 was silencing impaired sphere formation of activin/HGF-treated colorectal cancers. Overexpression of SOX2 rescued the stem cell-like phenotype in FOXM1-depleted colorectal cancer cells with activin and HGF treatment. Additionally, the inhibition of FOXM1 via thiostrepton suppressed activin/HGF-induced stemness, tumorigenesis and metastasis. Conclusions Sequential treatment with activin and HGF promotes colorectal cancer stemness and metastasis through activation of the FOXM1/SOX2 signaling. FOXM1 could be a potential target for the treatment of colorectal cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University School of Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University School of Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University School of Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingling Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Tong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University School of Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinjun Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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5
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Haque PS, Kapur N, Barrett TA, Theiss AL. Mitochondrial function and gastrointestinal diseases. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:10.1038/s41575-024-00931-2. [PMID: 38740978 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that function in cellular energy metabolism, intracellular and extracellular signalling, cellular fate and stress responses. Mitochondria of the intestinal epithelium, the cellular interface between self and enteric microbiota, have emerged as crucial in intestinal health. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. In this Review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of intestinal epithelial cell mitochondrial metabolism, function and signalling to affect tissue homeostasis, including gut microbiota composition. We also discuss mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics for inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer and the evolving concept of mitochondrial impairment as a consequence versus initiator of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsa S Haque
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Neeraj Kapur
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Terrence A Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Arianne L Theiss
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Zhao Z, Cai Z, Zhang S, Yin X, Jiang T, Shen C, Yin Y, Sun H, Chen Z, Han J, Zhang B. Activation of the FOXM1/ASF1B/PRDX3 axis confers hyperproliferative and antioxidative stress reactivity to gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 589:216796. [PMID: 38537775 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Nucleosome assembly during DNA replication is dependent on histone chaperones. Recent studies suggest that dysregulated histone chaperones contribute to cancer progression, including gastric cancer (GC). Further studies are required to explore the prognostic and therapeutic implications of histone chaperones and their mechanisms of action in GC progression. Here we identified histone chaperone ASF1B as a potential biomarker for GC proliferation and prognosis. ASF1B was significantly upregulated in GC, which was associated with poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the inhibition of ASF1B suppressed the malignant characteristics of GC, while overexpression of ASF1B had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, transcription factor FOXM1 directly bound to the ASF1B-promoter region, thereby regulating its transcription. Treatment with thiostrepton, a FOXM1 inhibitor, not only suppressed ASF1B expression, but also inhibited GC progression. Furthermore, ASF1B regulated the mitochondrial protein peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3) transcription in a FOXM1-dependent manner. The crucial role of ASF1B-regulated PRDX3 in GC cell proliferation and oxidative stress balance was also elucidated. In summary, our study suggests that the FOXM1-ASF1B-PRDX3 axis is a potential therapeutic target for treating GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhao
- Gastric Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaolun Cai
- Gastric Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaonan Yin
- Gastric Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianxiang Jiang
- Gastric Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoyong Shen
- Gastric Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- Gastric Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- Gastric Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junhong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Gastric Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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7
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Zhang Y, Ding N, Li Y, Ouyang M, Fu P, Peng Y, Tan Y. Transcription factor FOXM1 specifies chromatin DNA to extracellular vesicles. Autophagy 2024; 20:1054-1071. [PMID: 37974331 PMCID: PMC11135825 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2284523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle DNAs (evDNAs) hold significant diagnostic value for various diseases and facilitate transcellular transfer of genetic material. Our study identifies transcription factor FOXM1 as a mediator for directing chromatin genes or DNA fragments (termed FOXM1-chDNAs) to extracellular vesicles (EVs). FOXM1 binds to MAP1LC3/LC3 in the nucleus, and FOXM1-chDNAs, such as the DUX4 gene and telomere DNA, are designated by FOXM1 binding and translocated to the cytoplasm before being released to EVs through the secretory autophagy during lysosome inhibition (SALI) process involving LC3. Disrupting FOXM1 expression or the SALI process impairs FOXM1-chDNAs incorporation into EVs. FOXM1-chDNAs can be transmitted to recipient cells via EVs and expressed in recipient cells when they carry functional genes. This finding provides an example of how chromatin DNA fragments are specified to EVs by transcription factor FOXM1, revealing its contribution to the formation of evDNAs from nuclear chromatin. It provides a basis for further exploration of the roles of evDNAs in biological processes, such as horizontal gene transfer.Abbreviation: ATG5: autophagy related 5; CCFs: cytoplasmic chromatin fragments; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; cytoDNA: cytoplasmic DNA; CQ: chloroquine; FOXM1-DBD: FOXM1 DNA binding domain; DUX4:double homeobox 4; EVs: extracellular vesicles; evDNAs: extracellular vesicle DNAs; FOXM1: forkhead box M1; FOXM1-chDNAs: chromatin DNA fragments directed by FOXM1 to EVs; HGT: horizontal gene transfer; LC3-II: lipid modified LC3; LMNB1: lamin B1; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MVBs: multivesicular bodies; M1-binding DNA: a linear DNA containing 72× FOXM1 binding sites; SALI: secretory autophagy during lysosome inhibition; siRNA: small interfering RNA; TetO-DUX4: TetO array-containing DUX4 DNA; TetO: tet operator; TetR: tet repressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Nana Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Min Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yousong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yongjun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
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Zhang Z, Qiao Y, Sun Q, Peng L, Sun L. A novel SLC25A1 inhibitor, parthenolide, suppresses the growth and stemness of liver cancer stem cells with metabolic vulnerability. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:350. [PMID: 37741815 PMCID: PMC10518014 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01640-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are recognized as key contributors to hepatocarcinogenesis, progression, and recurrence. Consequently, eradicating LCSCs has a great chance of increasing long-term survival in patients with liver cancer. Parthenolide (PTL), a natural sesquiterpene lactone product, possesses robust antitumor activity. However, the effects of PTL on LCSCs and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here we show that administration of PTL stimulated cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, induced apoptosis, and decreased the stemness of LCSCs. Further research indicates that PTL caused the production of ROS and the reduction of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels of LCSCs. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) further shows that PTL decreased SLC25A1 expression at the mRNA level and that inhibition of SLC25A1 synergistically decreased the expression of IDH2 and several pivotal genes involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex, resulting in the production of ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, the inhibitory effect of PTL on mitochondrial function and self-renewal capacity of LCSCs was abolished by the knockdown of SLC25A1 or treatment with SLC25A1 inhibitor CTPI-2. Importantly, PTL prevented liver cancer growth in vivo without clearly causing toxicity. Our research shows that PTL inhibits the growth and stemness of LCSCs through SLC25A1-mediated mitochondrial function. PTL may be a potential candidate natural agent for liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichun Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yuan Qiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qiuyue Sun
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Lichao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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9
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Sadaf, Hazazi A, Alkhalil SS, Alsaiari AA, Gharib AF, Alhuthali HM, Rana S, Aloliqi AA, Eisa AA, Hasan MR, Dev K. Role of Fork-Head Box Genes in Breast Cancer: From Drug Resistance to Therapeutic Targets. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2159. [PMID: 37626655 PMCID: PMC10452497 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has been acknowledged as one of the most notorious cancers, responsible for millions of deaths around the globe. Understanding the various factors, genetic mutations, comprehensive pathways, etc., that are involved in the development of breast cancer and how these affect the development of the disease is very important for improving and revitalizing the treatment of this global health issue. The forkhead-box gene family, comprising 19 subfamilies, is known to have a significant impact on the growth and progression of this cancer. The article looks into the various forkhead genes and how they play a role in different types of cancer. It also covers their impact on cancer drug resistance, interaction with microRNAs, explores their potential as targets for drug therapies, and their association with stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Ali Hazazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samia S. Alkhalil
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahad Amer Alsaiari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (A.F.G.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Amal F. Gharib
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (A.F.G.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Hayaa M. Alhuthali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (A.F.G.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Shanika Rana
- School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Gurugram 122003, India;
| | - Abdulaziz A. Aloliqi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Alaa Abdulaziz Eisa
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina 30002, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Raghibul Hasan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India;
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10
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Zheng XX, Chen JJ, Sun YB, Chen TQ, Wang J, Yu SC. Mitochondria in cancer stem cells: Achilles heel or hard armor. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:708-727. [PMID: 37137792 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that mitochondria play core roles in not only cancer stem cell (CSC) metabolism but also the regulation of CSC stemness maintenance and differentiation, which are key regulators of cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, an in-depth study of the regulatory mechanism of mitochondria in CSCs is expected to provide a new target for cancer therapy. This article mainly introduces the roles played by mitochondria and related mechanisms in CSC stemness maintenance, metabolic transformation, and chemoresistance. The discussion mainly focuses on the following aspects: mitochondrial morphological structure, subcellular localization, mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial metabolism, and mitophagy. The manuscript also describes the recent clinical research progress on mitochondria-targeted drugs and discusses the basic principles of their targeted strategies. Indeed, an understanding of the application of mitochondria in the regulation of CSCs will promote the development of novel CSC-targeted strategies, thereby significantly improving the long-term survival rate of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Zheng
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun-Jie Chen
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yi-Bo Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Tian-Qing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030002, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400038, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Jin-feng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China.
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11
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Liu Y, Wang P, Hu W, Chen D. New insights into the roles of peroxiredoxins in cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114896. [PMID: 37210897 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Tumorigenesis and progression are accompanied by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and adaptive elevation of antioxidant expression levels. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are among the most important antioxidants and are widely distributed in a variety of cancers. PRDXs are involved in the regulation of a variety of tumor cell phenotypes, such as invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness. PRDXs are also associated with tumor cell resistance to cell death, such as apoptosis and ferroptosis. In addition, PRDXs are involved in the transduction of hypoxic signals in the TME and in the regulation of the function of other cellular components of the TME, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages. This implies that PRDXs are promising targets for cancer treatment. Of course, further studies are needed to realize the clinical application of targeting PRDXs. In this review, we highlight the role of PRDXs in cancer, summarizing the basic features of PRDXs, their association with tumorigenesis, their expression and function in cancer, and their relationship with cancer therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- First Department of Oncology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Emergency, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Weina Hu
- Department of General Practice, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China.
| | - Da Chen
- Department of Emergency, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China.
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12
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Rainho MDA, Siqueira PB, de Amorim ÍSS, Mencalha AL, Thole AA. Mitochondria in colorectal cancer stem cells - a target in drug resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:273-283. [PMID: 37457136 PMCID: PMC10344721 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed cancer and the second most deadly type of cancer worldwide. In late diagnosis, CRC can resist therapy regimens in which cancer stem cells (CSCs) are intimately related. CSCs are a subpopulation of tumor cells responsible for tumor initiation and maintenance, metastasis, and resistance to conventional treatments. In this scenario, colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs) are considered an important key for therapeutic failure and resistance. In its turn, mitochondria is an organelle involved in many mechanisms in cancer, including chemoresistance of cytotoxic drugs due to alterations in mitochondrial metabolism, apoptosis, dynamics, and mitophagy. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the mitochondrial role in CCSCs regarding CRC drug resistance. It has been shown that enhanced anti-apoptotic protein expression, mitophagy rate, and addiction to oxidative phosphorylation are the major strategies developed by CCSCs to avoid drug insults. Thus, new mitochondria-targeted drug approaches must be explored to mitigate CRC chemoresistance via the ablation of CCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus de Almeida Rainho
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Priscyanne Barreto Siqueira
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biometry and Biophysics Department, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Ísis Salviano Soares de Amorim
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biometry and Biophysics Department, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Andre Luiz Mencalha
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biometry and Biophysics Department, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Alves Thole
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil
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13
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Thapa P, Jiang H, Ding N, Hao Y, Alshahrani A, Wei Q. The Role of Peroxiredoxins in Cancer Development. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:666. [PMID: 37237480 PMCID: PMC10215932 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are antioxidant enzymes with ubiquitous expression in human tissues. Prxs are expressed in archaea, bacteria, and eukaryota, often in multiple isoforms. Because of their abundant expression in different cellular organelles and extraordinary sensitivity to H2O2, Prxs are among the first defenses against oxidative stress. Prxs undergo reversible oxidation to disulfides, and some family members perform chaperone or phospholipase functions upon further oxidation. Prxs are upregulated in cancer cells. Research has suggested that Prxs can function as tumor promoters in various cancers. The major objective of this review is to summarize novel findings regarding the roles of Prxs in common cancer types. Prxs have been shown to influence differentiation of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts, remodeling of extracellular matrix, and regulation of stemness. Since aggressive cancer cells have higher intracellular levels of ROS that they can utilize to proliferate and metastasize compared to normal cells, it is critical that we understand the regulation and functions of primary antioxidants such as Prxs. These small but mighty proteins could prove to be key for improving cancer therapeutics and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Thapa
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 1095 Veterans Dr, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 1095 Veterans Dr, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Na Ding
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 1095 Veterans Dr, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Yanning Hao
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 1095 Veterans Dr, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Aziza Alshahrani
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 1095 Veterans Dr, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Qiou Wei
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 1095 Veterans Dr, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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14
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Ponzetti M, Rucci N, Falone S. RNA methylation and cellular response to oxidative stress-promoting anticancer agents. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:870-905. [PMID: 36648057 PMCID: PMC10054233 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2165632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the complex network that regulates redox homeostasis often underlies resistant phenotypes, which hinder effective and long-lasting cancer eradication. In addition, the RNA methylome-dependent control of gene expression also critically affects traits of cellular resistance to anti-cancer agents. However, few investigations aimed at establishing whether the epitranscriptome-directed adaptations underlying acquired and/or innate resistance traits in cancer could be implemented through the involvement of redox-dependent or -responsive signaling pathways. This is unexpected mainly because: i) the effectiveness of many anti-cancer approaches relies on their capacity to promote oxidative stress (OS); ii) altered redox milieu and reprogramming of mitochondrial function have been acknowledged as critical mediators of the RNA methylome-mediated response to OS. Here we summarize the current state of understanding on this topic, as well as we offer new perspectives that might lead to original approaches and strategies to delay or prevent the problem of refractory cancer and tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ponzetti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Nadia Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Falone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
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15
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Merhi M, Ahmad F, Taib N, Inchakalody V, Uddin S, Shablak A, Dermime S. The complex network of transcription factors, immune checkpoint inhibitors and stemness features in colorectal cancer: A recent update. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 89:1-17. [PMID: 36621515 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunity is regulated by several mechanisms that include co-stimulatory and/or co-inhibitory molecules known as immune checkpoints expressed by the immune cells. In colorectal cancer (CRC), CTLA-4, LAG3, TIM-3 and PD-1 are the major co-inhibitory checkpoints involved in tumor development and progression. On the other hand, the deregulation of transcription factors and cancer stem cells activity plays a major role in the development of drug resistance and in the spread of metastatic disease in CRC. In this review, we describe how the modulation of such transcription factors affects the response of CRC to therapies. We also focus on the role of cancer stem cells in tumor metastasis and chemoresistance and discuss both preclinical and clinical approaches for targeting stem cells to prevent their tumorigenic effect. Finally, we provide an update on the clinical applications of immune checkpoint inhibitors in CRC and discuss the regulatory effects of transcription factors on the expression of the immune inhibitory checkpoints with specific focus on the PD-1 and PD-L1 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysaloun Merhi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fareed Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nassiba Taib
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varghese Inchakalody
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alaaeldin Shablak
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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16
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Kuthethur R, Adiga D, Kandettu A, Jerome MS, Mallya S, Mumbrekar KD, Kabekkodu SP, Chakrabarty S. MiR-4521 perturbs FOXM1-mediated DNA damage response in breast cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1131433. [PMID: 37025658 PMCID: PMC10070856 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1131433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Forkhead (FOX) transcription factors are involved in cell cycle control, cellular differentiation, maintenance of tissues, and aging. Mutation or aberrant expression of FOX proteins is associated with developmental disorders and cancers. FOXM1, an oncogenic transcription factor, is a promoter of cell proliferation and accelerated development of breast adenocarcinomas, squamous carcinoma of the head, neck, and cervix, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. High FOXM1 expression is correlated with chemoresistance in patients treated with doxorubicin and Epirubicin by enhancing the DNA repair in breast cancer cells. Method: miRNA-seq identified downregulation of miR-4521 in breast cancer cell lines. Stable miR-4521 overexpressing breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-468) were developed to identify miR-4521 target gene and function in breast cancer. Results: Here, we showed that FOXM1 is a direct target of miR-4521 in breast cancer. Overexpression of miR-4521 significantly downregulated FOXM1 expression in breast cancer cells. FOXM1 regulates cell cycle progression and DNA damage response in breast cancer. We showed that miR-4521 expression leads to increased ROS levels and DNA damage in breast cancer cells. FOXM1 plays a critical role in ROS scavenging and promotes stemness which contributes to drug resistance in breast cancer. We observed that breast cancer cells stably expressing miR-4521 lead to cell cycle arrest, impaired FOXM1 mediated DNA damage response leading to increased cell death in breast cancer cells. Additionally, miR-4521-mediated FOXM1 downregulation perturbs cell proliferation, invasion, cell cycle progression, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal progression (EMT) in breast cancer. Discussion: High FOXM1 expression has been associated with radio and chemoresistance contributing to poor patient survival in multiple cancers, including breast cancer. Our study showed that FOXM1 mediated DNA damage response could be targeted using miR-4521 mimics as a novel therapeutic for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviprasad Kuthethur
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Amoolya Kandettu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Maria Sona Jerome
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandeep Mallya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kamalesh Dattaram Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Center for DNA Repair and Genome Stability (CDRGS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Center for DNA Repair and Genome Stability (CDRGS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- *Correspondence: Sanjiban Chakrabarty,
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17
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Sequential Treatment with Activin and Hepatocyte Growth Factor Induces FOXM1 to Promote Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 2022:8996203. [PMID: 36591565 PMCID: PMC9803576 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8996203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in liver metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Activin and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are important regulators of stem cell properties. This study was performed to explore the effect of activin and HGF on CRC invasion and metastasis. The key genes involved in the action of activin and HGF in CRC were identified. METHODS HCT116 CRC cells were sequentially treated with activin and HGF and examined for migration and invasion in vitro and liver metastasis in vivo. RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes in response to activin and HGF. RESULTS Sequential treatment with activin and HGF-enhanced CRC cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. CXCR4 and AFP expressions were increased by activin and HGF treatment. Knockdown of FOXM1 blocked liver metastasis from HCT116 cells pretreated with activin and HGF and suppressed CXCR4 and AFP expression. Activin alone increased the mRNA and protein expression of FOXM1. In contrast, HGF alone enhanced the phosphorylation of FOXM1, without altering the total protein level of FOXM1. SMAD2 was required for activin-mediated FOXM1 induction. FOXM1 transactivated CXCR4 by directly binding to the promoter of CXCR4. Additionally, CXCR4 regulated AFP expression through the NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSIONS Sequential treatment with activin and HGF accelerates CRC invasion and liver metastasis, which involves the upregulation and activation of FOXM1 and induction of CXCR4 and AFP.
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18
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The Effect of Oxidative Phosphorylation on Cancer Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010062. [PMID: 36612059 PMCID: PMC9817696 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is a target for the effective attenuation of cancer drug resistance. OXPHOS inhibitors can improve treatment responses to anticancer therapy in certain cancers, such as melanomas, lymphomas, colon cancers, leukemias and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the effect of OXPHOS on cancer drug resistance is complex and associated with cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer cells universally promote OXPHOS activity through the activation of various signaling pathways, and this activity is required for resistance to cancer therapy. Resistant cancer cells are prevalent among cancer stem cells (CSCs), for which the main metabolic phenotype is increased OXPHOS. CSCs depend on OXPHOS to survive targeting by anticancer drugs and can be selectively eradicated by OXPHOS inhibitors. In contrast to that in cancer cells, mitochondrial OXPHOS is significantly downregulated in tumor-infiltrating T cells, impairing antitumor immunity. In this review, we summarize novel research showing the effect of OXPHOS on cancer drug resistance, thereby explaining how this metabolic process plays a dual role in cancer progression. We highlight the underlying mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, as it is vital for discovering new drug targets.
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19
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Effects of Antioxidant Gene Overexpression on Stress Resistance and Malignization In Vitro and In Vivo: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122316. [PMID: 36552527 PMCID: PMC9774954 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are normal products of a number of biochemical reactions and are important signaling molecules. However, at the same time, they are toxic to cells and have to be strictly regulated by their antioxidant systems. The etiology and pathogenesis of many diseases are associated with increased ROS levels, and many external stress factors directly or indirectly cause oxidative stress in cells. Within this context, the overexpression of genes encoding the proteins in antioxidant systems seems to have become a viable approach to decrease the oxidative stress caused by pathological conditions and to increase cellular stress resistance. However, such manipulations unavoidably lead to side effects, the most dangerous of which is an increased probability of healthy tissue malignization or increased tumor aggression. The aims of the present review were to collect and systematize the results of studies devoted to the effects resulting from the overexpression of antioxidant system genes on stress resistance and carcinogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In most cases, the overexpression of these genes was shown to increase cell and organism resistances to factors that induce oxidative and genotoxic stress but to also have different effects on cancer initiation and promotion. The last fact greatly limits perspectives of such manipulations in practice. The overexpression of GPX3 and SOD3 encoding secreted proteins seems to be the "safest" among the genes that can increase cell resistance to oxidative stress. High efficiency and safety potential can also be found for SOD2 overexpression in combinations with GPX1 or CAT and for similar combinations that lead to no significant changes in H2O2 levels. Accumulation, systematization, and the integral analysis of data on antioxidant gene overexpression effects can help to develop approaches for practical uses in biomedical and agricultural areas. Additionally, a number of factors such as genetic and functional context, cell and tissue type, differences in the function of transcripts of one and the same gene, regulatory interactions, and additional functions should be taken into account.
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20
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Sher G, Masoodi T, Patil K, Akhtar S, Kuttikrishnan S, Ahmad A, Uddin S. Dysregulated FOXM1 signaling in the regulation of cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:107-121. [PMID: 35931301 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Since the introduction of the cancer stem cell (CSC) paradigm, significant advances have been made in understanding the functional and biological plasticity of these elusive components in malignancies. Endowed with self-renewing abilities and multilineage differentiation potential, CSCs have emerged as cellular drivers of virtually all facets of tumor biology, including metastasis, tumor recurrence/relapse, and drug resistance. The functional and biological characteristics of CSCs, such as self-renewal, cell fate decisions, survival, proliferation, and differentiation are regulated by an array of extracellular factors, signaling pathways, and pluripotent transcriptional factors. Besides the well-characterized regulatory role of transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, KLF4, and MYC in CSCs, evidence for the central role of Forkhead box transcription factor FOXM1 in the establishment, maintenance, and functions of CSCs is accumulating. Conventionally identified as a master regulator of the cell cycle, a comprehensive understanding of this molecule has revealed its multifarious oncogenic potential and uncovered its role in angiogenesis, invasion, migration, self-renewal, and drug resistance. This review compiles the large body of literature that has accumulated in recent years that provides evidence for the mechanisms by which FOXM1 expression promotes stemness in glioblastoma, breast, colon, ovarian, lung, hepatic, and pancreatic carcinomas. We have also compiled the data showing the association of stem cell mediators with FOXM1 using TCGA mRNA expression data. Further, the prognostic importance of FOXM1 and other stem cell markers is presented. The delineation of FOXM1-mediated regulation of CSCs can aid in the development of molecularly targeted pharmacological approaches directed at the selective eradication of CSCs in several human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulab Sher
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Kalyani Patil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Sabah Akhtar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
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21
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Essential Roles of Peroxiredoxin IV in Inflammation and Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196513. [PMID: 36235049 PMCID: PMC9573489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin IV (Prx4) is a 2-Cysteine peroxidase with ubiquitous expression in human tissues. Prx4 scavenges hydrogen peroxide and participates in oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, Prx4 is secreted outside the cell. Prx4 is upregulated in several cancers and is a potential therapeutic target. We have summarized historical and recent advances in the structure, function and biological roles of Prx4, focusing on inflammatory diseases and cancer. Oxidative stress is known to activate pro-inflammatory pathways. Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for cancer development. Hence, redox enzymes such as Prx4 are important players in the crosstalk between inflammation and cancer. Understanding molecular mechanisms of regulation of Prx4 expression and associated signaling pathways in normal physiological and disease conditions should reveal new therapeutic strategies. Thus, although Prx4 is a promising therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases and cancer, further research needs to be conducted to bridge the gap to clinical application.
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22
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Smith ALM, Whitehall JC, Greaves LC. Mitochondrial
DNA
mutations in aging and cancer. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3276-3294. [PMID: 35842901 PMCID: PMC9490137 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is a major risk factor for malignant transformation and the development of cancer. As such, over 50% of neoplasms occur in individuals over the age of 70. The pathologies of both ageing and cancer have been characterized by respective groups of molecular hallmarks, and while some features are divergent between the two pathologies, several are shared. Perturbed mitochondrial function is one such common hallmark, and this observation therefore suggests that mitochondrial alterations may be of significance in age‐related cancer development. There is now considerable evidence documenting the accumulation of somatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in ageing human postmitotic and replicative tissues. Similarly, mutations of the mitochondrial genome have been reported in human cancers for decades. The plethora of functions in which mitochondria partake, such as oxidative phosphorylation, redox balance, apoptosis and numerous biosynthetic pathways, manifests a variety of ways in which alterations in mtDNA may contribute to tumour growth. However, the specific mechanisms by which mtDNA mutations contribute to tumour progression remain elusive and often contradictory. This review aims to consolidate current knowledge and describe future direction within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna LM Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH UK
| | - Julia C Whitehall
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH UK
| | - Laura C Greaves
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH UK
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23
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Oncofetal proteins and cancer stem cells. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:423-433. [PMID: 35670043 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered as a small population of cells with stem-like properties within the tumor bulk, and are largely responsible for tumor recurrence, metastasis, and therapy resistance. CSCs share critical features with embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The pluripotent transcription factors (TFs) and developmental signaling pathways of ESCs are invariably hijacked by CSCs termed ‘oncofetal drivers’ in many cancers, which are rarely detectable in adult tissues. The unique expression pattern makes oncofetal proteins ideal therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. Therefore, elucidation of oncofetal drivers in cancers is critical for the development of effective CSCs-directed therapy. In this review, we summarize the common pluripotent TFs such as OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, KLF4, MYC, SALL4, and FOXM1, as well as the development signaling including Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog (Hh), Hippo, Notch, and TGF-β pathways of ESCs and CSCs. We also describe the newly identified oncofetal proteins that drive the self-renewal, plasticity, and therapy-resistance of CSCs. Finally, we explore how the clinical implementation of targeting oncofetal drivers, including small-molecule inhibitors, vaccines, antibodies, and CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T cell) can facilitate the development of CSCs-directed therapy.
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Wang G, Wang JJ, Xu XN, Shi F, Fu XL. Targeting cellular energy metabolism- mediated ferroptosis by small molecule compounds for colorectal cancer therapy. J Drug Target 2022; 30:819-832. [PMID: 35481396 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2071909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in cellular energy metabolism, including glycolysis, glutamine and lipid metabolism that affects ferroptosis in the tumour microenvironment (TME), play a critical role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) and offer evolutionary advantages to tumour cells and even enhance their aggressive phenotype. This review summarises the findings on the dysregulated energy metabolism pathways, including lipid and fatty acid metabolism especially for regulating the ferroptosis in TME. Moreover, the cellular energy metabolism and tumour ferroptosis to be regulated by small molecule compounds, which targeting the different aspects of metabolic pathways of energy production as well as metabolic enzymes that connect with the tumour cell growth and ferroptosis in CRC are also discussed. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive summary on small molecule compounds regulatory function of different energy metabolic routes on ferroptosis in tumour cells and discuss those metabolic vulnerabilities for the development of potential ferroptosis-based tumour therapies for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Na Xu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, China
| | - Xing-Li Fu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, China
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25
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Geng Y, Wang Y, Sun R, Kang X, Zhao H, Zhu M, Sun Y, Hu Y, Wang Z, Tian X, Zhao Y, Yao J. Carnosol alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis through targeting of PRDX3. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 432:115758. [PMID: 34678374 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major factor in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), preceding insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Carnosol (CAR) is a kind of diterpenoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. Peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3), a mitochondrial H2O2-eliminating enzyme, undergoes overoxidation and subsequent inactivation under oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of the natural phenolic compound CAR on NAFLD via PRDX3. Mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and AML-12 cells treated with palmitic acid (PA) were used to detect the molecular mechanism of CAR in NAFLD. We found that pharmacological treatment with CAR notably moderated HFD- and PA- induced steatosis and liver injury, as shown by biochemical assays, Oil Red O and Nile Red staining. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that CAR exerted anti-NAFLD effects by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress, perturbation of mitochondrial dynamics, and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. The decreased protein and mRNA levels of PRDX3 were accompanied by intense oxidative stress after PA intervention. Interestingly, CAR specifically bound PRDX3, as shown by molecular docking assays, and increased the expression of PRDX3. However, the hepatoprotection of CAR in NAFLD was largely abolished by specific PRDX3 siRNA, which increased mitochondrial dysfunction and exacerbated apoptosis in vitro. In conclusion, CAR suppressed lipid accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatocyte apoptosis by activating PRDX3, mitigating the progression of NAFLD, and thus, CAR may represent a promising candidate for clinical treatment of steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ruimin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaohui Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Huanyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Meiyang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhecheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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26
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Wei WS, Wang N, Deng MH, Dong P, Liu JY, Xiang Z, Li XD, Li ZY, Liu ZH, Peng YL, Li Z, Jiang LJ, Yao K, Ye YL, Lu WH, Zhang ZL, Zhou FJ, Liu ZW, Xie D, Yu CP. LRPPRC regulates redox homeostasis via the circANKHD1/FOXM1 axis to enhance bladder urothelial carcinoma tumorigenesis. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102201. [PMID: 34864630 PMCID: PMC8645923 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are continuously generated mainly by mitochondria, have been proved to play an important role in the stress signaling of cancer cells. Moreover, pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins have been suggested to take part in mitochondrial metabolism. However, the mechanisms integrating the actions of these distinct networks in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) pathogenesis are elusive. In this study, we found that leucine rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing (LRPPRC) was frequently upregulated in UCB and that it was an independent prognostic factor in UCB. We further revealed that LRPPRC promoted UCB tumorigenesis by regulating the intracellular ROS homeostasis. Mechanistically, LRPPRC modulates ROS balance and protects UCB cells from oxidative stress via mt-mRNA metabolism and the circANKHD1/FOXM1 axis. In addition, the SRA stem-loop interacting RNA binding protein (SLIRP) directly interacted with LRPPRC to protect it from ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Notably, we showed that LRPPRC modulated the tumorigenesis of UCB cells in a circANKHD1-FOXM1-dependent manner. In conclusion, LRPPRC exerts critical roles in regulating UCB redox homeostasis and tumorigenesis, and is a prognostic factor for UCB; suggesting that LRPPRC may serve as an exploitable therapeutic target in UCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Su Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Min-Hua Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Pei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian-Ye Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Third Hospital, No. 106, 2nd Zhongshan Road, Changsha, PR China
| | - Zhen Xiang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhen-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu-Lu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Li-Juan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kai Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yun-Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wen-Hua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Fang-Jian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Chun-Ping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China.
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27
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Zhuo J, Lu D, Lin Z, Yang X, Yang M, Wang J, Tao Y, Wen X, Li H, Lian Z, Cen B, Dong S, Wei X, Xie H, Zheng S, Shen Y, Xu X. The distinct responsiveness of cytokeratin 19-positive hepatocellular carcinoma to regorafenib. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1084. [PMID: 34785656 PMCID: PMC8595883 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokeratin 19-positive (CK19+) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive subtype characterized by early recurrence and chemotherapy tolerance. However, there is no specific therapeutic option for CK19+ HCC. The correlation between tumor recurrence and expression status of CK19 were studied in 206 patients undergoing liver transplantation for HCC. CK19-/+ HCC cells were isolated to screen effective antitumor drugs. The therapeutic effects of regorafenib were evaluated in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models from 10 HCC patients. The mechanism of regorafenib on CK19+ HCC was investigated. CK19 positiveness indicated aggressiveness of tumor and higher recurrence risk of HCC after liver transplantation. The isolated CK19+ HCC cells had more aggressive behaviors than CK19- cells. Regorafenib preferentially increased the growth inhibition and apoptosis of CK19+ cells in vitro, whereas sorafenib, apatinib, and 5-fluorouracil did not. In PDX models from CK19-/+ HCC patients, the tumor control rate of regorafenib achieved 80% for CK19+ HCCs, whereas 0% for CK19- HCCs. RNA-sequencing revealed that CK19+ cells had elevated expression of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, which are essential for mitochondrial function. Further experiments confirmed that regorafenib attenuated the mitochondrial respiratory capacity in CK19+ cells. However, the mitochondrial respiration in CK19- cells were faint and hardly repressed by regorafenib. The mitochondrial respiration was regulated by the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which was inhibited by regorafenib in CK19+ cells. Hence, CK19 could be a potential marker of the therapeutic benefit of regorafenib, which facilitates the individualized therapy for HCC. STAT3/mitochondria axis determines the distinct response of CK19+ cells to regorafenib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zhuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuyuan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Modan Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaoye Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beini Cen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyi Dong
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Liver Transplant, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuyong Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Liver Transplant, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Liver Transplant, Hangzhou, China.
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28
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Song IS, Jeong YJ, Jung Y, Park YH, Shim S, Kim SJ, Eom DW, Hong SM, Lee PCW, Kim SU, Jang SW. The sulfiredoxin-peroxiredoxin redox system regulates the stemness and survival of colon cancer stem cells. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102190. [PMID: 34798428 PMCID: PMC8605387 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) initiate tumor formation and are known to be resistant to chemotherapy. A metabolic alteration in CSCs plays a critical role in stemness and survival. However, the association between mitochondrial energy metabolism and the redox system remains undefined in colon CSCs. In this study, we assessed the role of the Sulfiredoxin-Peroxiredoxin (Srx-Prx) redox system and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in maintaining the stemness and survival of colon CSCs. Notably, Srx contributed to the stability of PrxI, PrxII, and PrxIII proteins in colon CSCs. Increased Srx expression promoted the stemness and survival of CSCs and was important for the maintenance of the mitochondrial OXPHOS system. Furthermore, Nrf2 and FoxM1 led to OXPHOS activation and upregulated expression of Srx-Prx redox system-related genes. Therefore, the Nrf2/FoxM1-induced Srx-Prx redox system is a potential therapeutic target for eliminating CSCs in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sung Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Yena Jung
- Futuristic Animal Resource &Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungchenongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Park
- Futuristic Animal Resource &Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungchenongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB, School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbo Shim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joo Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Woon Eom
- Department of Pathology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter C W Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource &Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungchenongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB, School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Wuk Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea; Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Liu C, Barger CJ, Karpf AR. FOXM1: A Multifunctional Oncoprotein and Emerging Therapeutic Target in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3065. [PMID: 34205406 PMCID: PMC8235333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a member of the conserved forkhead box (FOX) transcription factor family. Over the last two decades, FOXM1 has emerged as a multifunctional oncoprotein and a robust biomarker of poor prognosis in many human malignancies. In this review article, we address the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of regulation and oncogenic functions of FOXM1, particularly in the context of ovarian cancer. FOXM1 and its associated oncogenic transcriptional signature are enriched in >85% of ovarian cancer cases and FOXM1 expression and activity can be enhanced by a plethora of genomic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational mechanisms. As a master transcriptional regulator, FOXM1 promotes critical oncogenic phenotypes in ovarian cancer, including: (1) cell proliferation, (2) invasion and metastasis, (3) chemotherapy resistance, (4) cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, (5) genomic instability, and (6) altered cellular metabolism. We additionally discuss the evidence for FOXM1 as a cancer biomarker, describe the rationale for FOXM1 as a cancer therapeutic target, and provide an overview of therapeutic strategies used to target FOXM1 for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam R. Karpf
- Eppley Institute and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68918-6805, USA; (C.L.); (C.J.B.)
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30
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Sun R, Zou B, Li R, Liu D, Lin M, Zhou J, Ning S, Tian X, Yao J. Peroxiredoxin 3 Inhibits Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Pyroptosis Through the Regulation of Mitochondrial ROS. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652782. [PMID: 34054813 PMCID: PMC8155593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a newly discovered form of cell death. Peroxiredoxin 3 (PRX3) plays a crucial role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), but its hepatoprotective capacity in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver disease remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the role of PRX3 in the regulation of pyroptosis during APAP-mediated hepatotoxicity. We demonstrated that pyroptosis occurs in APAP-induced liver injury accompanied by intense oxidative stress and inflammation, and liver specific PRX3 silencing aggravated the initiation of pyroptosis and liver injury after APAP intervention. Notably, excessive mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) was observed to trigger pyroptosis by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome, which was ameliorated by Mito-TEMPO treatment, indicating that the anti-pyroptotic role of PRX3 relies on its powerful ability to regulate mtROS. Overall, PRX3 regulates NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis in APAP-induced liver injury by targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhecheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruimin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Boyang Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruixi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Deshun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Musen Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Junjun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shili Ning
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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31
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Dai Z, Liu P. High copy number variations, particular transcription factors, and low immunity contribute to the stemness of prostate cancer cells. J Transl Med 2021; 19:206. [PMID: 33985534 PMCID: PMC8117623 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor metastasis is the main cause of death of cancer patients, and cancer stem cells (CSCs) is the basis of tumor metastasis. However, systematic analysis of the stemness of prostate cancer cells is still not abundant. In this study, we explore the effective factors related to the stemness of prostate cancer cells by comprehensively mining the multi-omics data from TCGA database. Methods Based on the prostate cancer transcriptome data in TCGA, gene expression modules that strongly relate to the stemness of prostate cancer cells are obtained with WGCNA and stemness scores. Copy number variation of stemness genes of prostate cancer is calculated and the difference of transcription factors between prostate cancer and normal tissues is evaluated by using CNV (copy number variation) data and ATAC-seq data. The protein interaction network of stemness genes in prostate cancer is constructed using the STRING database. Meanwhile, the correlation between stemness genes of prostate cancer and immune cells is analyzed. Results Prostate cancer with higher Gleason grade possesses higher cell stemness. The gene set highly related to prostate cancer stemness has higher CNV in prostate cancer samples than that in normal samples. Although the transcription factors of stemness genes have similar expressions, they have different contributions between normal and prostate cancer tissues; and particular transcription factors enhance the stemness of prostate cancer, such as PUM1, CLOCK, SP1, TCF12, and so on. In addition, the lower tumor immune microenvironment is conducive to the stemness of prostate cancer. CD8 + T cells and M1 macrophages may play more important role in the stemness of prostate cancer than other immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, EZH2 is found to play a central role in stemness genes and is negatively correlated with resting mast cells and positively correlated with activated memory CD4 + T cells. Conclusions Based on the systematic and combined analysis of multi-omics data, we find that high copy number variation, specific transcription factors, and low immune microenvironment jointly contribute to the stemness of prostate cancer cells. These findings may provide us new clues and directions for the future research on stemness of prostate cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02870-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zao Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Xiang X, Fu Y, Zhao K, Miao R, Zhang X, Ma X, Liu C, Zhang N, Qu K. Cellular senescence in hepatocellular carcinoma induced by a long non-coding RNA-encoded peptide PINT87aa by blocking FOXM1-mediated PHB2. Theranostics 2021; 11:4929-4944. [PMID: 33754036 PMCID: PMC7978318 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), known to be involved in human cancer progression, have been shown to encode peptides with biological functions, but the role of lncRNA-encoded peptides in cellular senescence is largely unexplored. We previously reported the tumor-suppressive role of PINT87aa, a peptide encoded by the long intergenic non-protein coding RNA, p53 induced transcript (LINC-PINT). Here, we investigated PINT87aa's role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cellular senescence. Methods: We examined PINT87aa and truncated PINT87aa functions in vitro by monitoring cell proliferation and performed flow cytometry, senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, JC-1 staining indicative of mitochondrial membrane potential, the ratio of the overlapping area of light chain 3 beta (LC3B) and mitochondrial probes and the ratio of lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) overlapping with cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1 (COXIV) denoting mitophagy. PINT87aa and truncated PINT87aa functions in vivo were verified by subcutaneously transplanted tumors in nude mice. The possible binding between PINT87aa and forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) was predicted through structural analysis and verified by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence co-localization. Rescue experiments were performed in vivo and in vitro following FOXM1 overexpression. Further, chromatin immunoprecipitation, polymerase chain reaction, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were conducted to validate FOXM1 binding to the prohibitin 2 (PHB2) promoter. Results: PINT87aa was significantly increased in the hydrogen peroxide-induced HCC cell senescence model. Overexpression of PINT87aa induced growth inhibition, cellular senescence, and decreased mitophagy in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, FOXM1 gain-of-function could partially reduce the proportion of senescent HCC cells and enhance mitophagy. PINT87aa overexpression did not affect the expression of FOXM1 itself but reduced that of its target genes involved in cell cycle and proliferation, especially PHB2, which was involved in mitophagy and transcribed by FOXM1. Structural analysis indicated that PINT87aa could bind to the DNA-binding domain of FOXM1, which was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence co-localization. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the 2 to 39 amino acid truncated form of the peptide exerted effects similarly to the full form. Conclusion: Our study established the role of PINT87aa as a novel biomarker and a key regulator of cellular senescence in HCC and identified PINT87aa as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Yunong Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, PR China
| | - Runchen Miao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, PR China
| | - Kai Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
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Abstract
Therapy resistance is a major problem when treating cancer patients as cancer cells develop mechanisms that counteract the effect of therapeutic compounds, leading to fit and more aggressive clones that contribute to poor prognosis. Therapy resistance can be both intrinsic and/or acquired. These are multifactorial events, and some are related to factors including adaptations in cancer stem cells (CSCs), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), deregulation of key signaling pathways, drug efflux through ABC transporters, acquired mutations, evading apoptosis, and activation of DNA damage response among others. Among these factors, CSCs represent the major source of therapy resistance. CSCs are a subset of tumor cells that are capable of self-renewal and multilineage progenitor expansion that are known to be intrinsically resistant to anticancer treatments. Multiple clones of CSCs pre-exist, and some can adopt and expand easily to changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and/or in response to radio- and chemotherapy. A combination of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributes to CSC-mediated therapy resistance. In this review, we will focus on CSCs and therapy resistance as well as suggest strategies to eliminate CSCs and, therefore, overcome resistance. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009 USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jaffer A. Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009 USA
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009 USA
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Transcription factors in colorectal cancer: molecular mechanism and therapeutic implications. Oncogene 2020; 40:1555-1569. [PMID: 33323976 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CRC remain largely unclear. Recent studies have revealed crucial roles of transcription factors in CRC development. Transcription factors essential for the regulation of gene expression by interacting with transcription corepressor/enhancer complexes and they orchestrate downstream signal transduction. Deregulation of transcription factors is a frequent occurrence in CRC, and the accompanying drastic changes in gene expression profiles play fundamental roles in multistep process of tumorigenesis, from cellular transformation, disease progression to metastatic disease. Herein, we summarized current and emerging key transcription factors that participate in CRC tumorigenesis, and highlighted their oncogenic or tumor suppressive functions. Moreover, we presented critical transcription factors of CRC, emphasized the major molecular mechanisms underlying their effect on signal cascades associated with tumorigenesis, and summarized of their potential as molecular biomarkers for CRC prognosis therapeutic response, as well as drug targets for CRC treatment. A better understanding of transcription factors involved in the development of CRC will provide new insights into the pathological mechanisms and reveal novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for CRC.
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Identification of Two Novel Circular RNAs Deriving from BCL2L12 and Investigation of Their Potential Value as a Molecular Signature in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228867. [PMID: 33238574 PMCID: PMC7709015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The utility of circular RNAs (circRNAs) as molecular biomarkers has recently emerged. However, only a handful of them have already been studied in colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this study was to identify new circRNAs deriving from BCL2L12, a member of the BCL2 apoptosis-related family, and investigate their potential as biomarkers in CRC. Total RNA extracts from CRC cell lines and tissue samples were reversely transcribed. By combining PCR with divergent primers and nested PCR followed by Sanger sequencing, we were able to discover two BCL2L12 circRNAs. Subsequently, bioinformatical tools were used to predict the interactions of these circRNAs with microRNAs (miRNAs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Following a PCR-based pre-amplification, real-time qPCR was carried out for the quantification of each circRNA in CRC samples and cell lines. Biostatistical analysis was used to assess their potential prognostic value in CRC. Both novel BCL2L12 circRNAs likely interact with particular miRNAs and RBPs. Interestingly, circ-BCL2L12-2 expression is inversely associated with TNM stage, while circ-BCL2L12-1 overexpression is associated with shorter overall survival in CRC, particularly among TNM stage II patients. Overall, we identified two novel BCL2L12 circRNAs, one of which can further stratify TNM stage II patients into two subgroups with substantially distinct prognosis.
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Yang H, Lin J, Jiang J, Ji J, Wang C, Zhang J. miR-20b-5p functions as tumor suppressor microRNA by targeting cyclinD1 in colon cancer. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2939-2954. [PMID: 33044899 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1829824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA functions as an oncogenic regulator or tumor suppressor in various human tumors. Although bioinformatics analysis suggested that miRNA-20b-5p may be associated with the tumorigenesis, its role in colon cancer remains elusive. To investigate the role of miRNA-20b-5p, HCT116 cell, a human colon cancer cell line used in therapeutic research and drug screenings, was chosen as a model system for our in vitro studies. We first carried out bioinformatics and microarray analysis. To gain further mechanism insight, flow cytometry was performed to determine cell apoptosis and cell cycle, and western blot or immunohistochemistry were employed to check the expression of CCND1/CDK/FOXM1 axis in HCT116 cells. In addition, wound-healing migration assay and transwell assay were conducted to uncover the effect of miR-20b-5p on tumor migration and invasion. Finally, we examined the role of miR-20b-5p by subcutaneous xenograft mouse models. Our data have shown that miRNA-20b-5p inhibited the cell cycle, migration, and invasion in HCT116 cells, but had no effect on cell apoptosis. CyclinD1 (CCND1) was identified as a direct target of miR-20b-5p. Overexpression of miRNA-20b-5p downregulated CCND1 level in HCT-116 cells. Mechanically, the inhibition of cell cycle, migration, and invasion of CC cells mediated by miRNA-20b-5p are through regulating the CCND1/CDK4/FOXM1 axis. Furthermore, miRNA-20b-5p inhibited the tumorigenesis in Balb/c nude mice CC xenograft models. Our data demonstrated that miR-20b-5p may serve as a tumor suppressor in colon cancer by negatively regulating CCND1, implying that miR-20b-5p could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shanghai, China
| | - Jinling Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
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Dzobo K, Senthebane DA, Ganz C, Thomford NE, Wonkam A, Dandara C. Advances in Therapeutic Targeting of Cancer Stem Cells within the Tumor Microenvironment: An Updated Review. Cells 2020; 9:E1896. [PMID: 32823711 PMCID: PMC7464860 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite great strides being achieved in improving cancer patients' outcomes through better therapies and combinatorial treatment, several hurdles still remain due to therapy resistance, cancer recurrence and metastasis. Drug resistance culminating in relapse continues to be associated with fatal disease. The cancer stem cell theory posits that tumors are driven by specialized cancer cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are a subpopulation of cancer cells known to be resistant to therapy and cause metastasis. Whilst the debate on whether CSCs are the origins of the primary tumor rages on, CSCs have been further characterized in many cancers with data illustrating that CSCs display great abilities to self-renew, resist therapies due to enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) properties, enhanced expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) membrane transporters, activation of several survival signaling pathways and increased immune evasion as well as DNA repair mechanisms. CSCs also display great heterogeneity with the consequential lack of specific CSC markers presenting a great challenge to their targeting. In this updated review we revisit CSCs within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and present novel treatment strategies targeting CSCs. These promising strategies include targeting CSCs-specific properties using small molecule inhibitors, immunotherapy, microRNA mediated inhibitors, epigenetic methods as well as targeting CSC niche-microenvironmental factors and differentiation. Lastly, we present recent clinical trials undertaken to try to turn the tide against cancer by targeting CSC-associated drug resistance and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (D.A.S.); (C.G.)
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Dimakatso Alice Senthebane
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (D.A.S.); (C.G.)
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Chelene Ganz
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (D.A.S.); (C.G.)
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Nicholas Ekow Thomford
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (N.E.T.); (A.W.); (C.D.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ambroise Wonkam
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (N.E.T.); (A.W.); (C.D.)
| | - Collet Dandara
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (N.E.T.); (A.W.); (C.D.)
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Neitzel C, Demuth P, Wittmann S, Fahrer J. Targeting Altered Energy Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer: Oncogenic Reprogramming, the Central Role of the TCA Cycle and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1731. [PMID: 32610612 PMCID: PMC7408264 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most frequent cancer entities worldwide. Multiple factors are causally associated with CRC development, such as genetic and epigenetic alterations, inflammatory bowel disease, lifestyle and dietary factors. During malignant transformation, the cellular energy metabolism is reprogrammed in order to promote cancer cell growth and proliferation. In this review, we first describe the main alterations of the energy metabolism found in CRC, revealing the critical impact of oncogenic signaling and driver mutations in key metabolic enzymes. Then, the central role of mitochondria and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in this process is highlighted, also considering the metabolic crosstalk between tumor and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. The identified cancer-specific metabolic transformations provided new therapeutic targets for the development of small molecule inhibitors. Promising agents are in clinical trials and are directed against enzymes of the TCA cycle, including isocitrate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH). Finally, we focus on the α-lipoic acid derivative CPI-613, an inhibitor of both PDC and KGDH, and delineate its anti-tumor effects for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jörg Fahrer
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (C.N.); (P.D.); (S.W.)
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FoxM1-dependent and fatty acid oxidation-mediated ROS modulation is a cell-intrinsic drug resistance mechanism in cancer stem-like cells. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101589. [PMID: 32521504 PMCID: PMC7286985 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels are inherently linked. ROS are essential signaling molecules, with detrimental effects when produced in excess during chemotherapy, leading to cell death. Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells resistant to chemotherapy, highly invasive and metastagenic, driving malignant cancer behavior. In this study, we demonstrated that CSCs exhibit increased OXPHOS but paradoxically low ROS levels. Considering the detrimental effects of large amounts of ROS, CSCs have developed potential mechanisms for quenching excess ROS to maintain redox homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the distinct metabolic features and mechanisms of ROS regulation in gastric CSCs and explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs. Human gastric cancer cell lines, AGS and MKN1, were subjected to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based metabolomic and microarray analyses. Mitochondrial properties such as mitochondrial mass, membrane potential, and ROS were assessed by flow cytometric analysis. CSCs with increased OXPHOS levels maintained low ROS levels by coupling FoxM1-dependent Prx3 expression and fatty acid oxidation-mediated NADPH regeneration. Thus, interventions targeting ROS homeostasis in CSCs may be a useful strategy for targeting this drug-resistant tumor cell subpopulation.
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40
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Three-dimensional culture models mimic colon cancer heterogeneity induced by different microenvironments. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3156. [PMID: 32081957 PMCID: PMC7035265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer demonstrates intra-tumour heterogeneity formed by a hierarchical structure comprised of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their differentiated progenies. The mechanism by which CSCs are maintained and differentiated needs to be further elucidated, and there is evidence that the tumour microenvironment governs cancer stemness. Using PLR123, a colon cancer cell line with CSC properties, we determined the culture conditions necessary to establish a pair of three-dimensional (3D) culture models grown in Matrigel, designated stemCO and diffCO. The conditions were determined by comparing the phenotypes in the models with PLR123 mouse xenografts colonising lung and liver. StemCO resembled LGR5-positive undifferentiated tumours in the lung, and diffCO had lumen structures composed of polarised cells that were similar to the ductal structures found in differentiated tumours in the liver. In a case using the models for biomedical research, treatment with JAG-1 peptide or a γ-secretase inhibitor modified the Notch signaling and induced changes indicating that the signal participates in lumen formation in the models. Our results demonstrate that culture conditions affect the stemness of 3D culture models generated from CSCs and show that comparing models with different phenotypes is useful for studying how the tumour environment regulates cancer.
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Abstract
Introduction: FOXM1 is one of the most frequently overexpressed proteins in human solid cancers. Here, we discuss novel direct targets of FOXM1 as well as new pathways involving FOXM1, through which this protein exerts its oncogenic activity.Areas covered: We give a detailed review of FOXM1 transcriptional targets involved in 16 different types of human cancer as published in the literature in the last 5 years. We also discuss a novel positive feedback loop between FOXM1 and AKT - both well-established master regulators of cancer.Expert opinion: Despite the discovery of several FOXM1 inhibitors over the years (by our team and others), their therapeutic use is limited by their adverse off-target effects.Newly-discovered proteins regulated by FOXM1 present a promising alternative approach to target its pro-cancer activity. In addition, targeting regulating proteins that take part in the positive feedback loop between FOXM1/AKT has the double advantage of suppressing both, and can lead to developing novel anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Borhani
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrei L Gartel
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Pan T, Liu J, Xu S, Yu Q, Wang H, Sun H, Wu J, Zhu Y, Zhou J, Zhu Y. ANKRD22, a novel tumor microenvironment-induced mitochondrial protein promotes metabolic reprogramming of colorectal cancer cells. Theranostics 2020; 10:516-536. [PMID: 31903135 PMCID: PMC6929986 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The leading cause of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) is the presence of colorectal cancer-initiating cells (CCICs). The interplay between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and CRC cells induces reacquisition of initiating cell characteristics, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Methods: Candidate molecules were screened by global differential cDNA expression profiles of CCICs, which were enriched from patient-derived tumor xenograft models. Luciferase reporters and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to explore the mechanism of TME factors regulating the transcription of ANKRD22. The effects of Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 22 (ANKRD22) on energy metabolism were monitored by extracellular flux and 13C-based metabolic flux analysis. Mass spectrometry was used to identify the interacting partners of ANKRD22. Morphological changes of CCICs overexpressing ANKRD22 were observed by electron microscopy. The effects of ANKRD22 on mitochondrial lipid metabolism were analyzed by lipidomics. Results: We identified a novel nucleus-encoded mitochondrial membrane protein, ANKRD22, which was upregulated in CCICs. We found that ANKRD22 was induced by the p38/MAX pathway activated by different TME stimuli. As a key transcription factor, MAX promoted the transcription of ANKRD22. Expression of ANKRD22 promoted glycolysis associated with a decrease in ATP/ADP and an increase in AMP/ATP levels, which were related to its interaction with pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 1 (PDK1) and multiple subunits of ATP synthase. Further, in CCICs, ANKRD22 cooperated with the lipid transport protein, Extended Synaptotagmin-1 (E-Syt1), to transport excess lipids into mitochondria and reduced the number of mitochondria in an autophagy-independent manner, thus meeting the metabolic requirements of CCICs. Conclusion: ANKRD22 induced by TME promotes the metabolic reprogramming of CRC cells. Our study has identified ANKRD22/E-Syt1 as a potential target for eradicating CCICs.
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Ramasamy P, Larkin AM, Linge A, Tiernan D, McAree F, Horgan N, Moriarty P, Beatty S, Murphy CC, Clynes M, Kennedy S, Meleady P. PRDX3 is associated with metastasis and poor survival in uveal melanoma. J Clin Pathol 2019; 73:408-412. [PMID: 31771972 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, and 40% develop fatal metastatic disease. Overexpression of thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase reductase (PRDX3) has been implicated in several cancers, including prostate, breast, colorectal and lung cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of PRDX3 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) primary UM tissues of patients who did and did not develop metastatic disease. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining of PRDX3 was performed on FFPE tissue microarray samples of 92 primary UM tumours from patients who did and did not develop metastatic disease. The immunohistochemical staining was assessed by two observers who were blinded to all clinicopathological and cytogenetic details including metastatic/non-metastatic information. Based on a scoring system, expression of PRDX3 was graded as high or low. RESULTS There were 55 tumours (59.8%) from patients who developed metastatic disease, while 37 (40.2%) were from patients who did not develop metastasis. A statistically significant difference in PRDX3 expression was observed in patients who did and did not develop metastasis (p=0.001). A significant positive correlation between high PRDX3 expression and metastasis was observed (p=0.001). A significant negative correlation between PRDX3 expression and survival was found (p=0.005). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a statistically significant difference in overall survival between tumours that demonstrated low and high expression of PRDX3 (67.61 vs 130.64 months, respectively, p=0.013). CONCLUSIONS High immunohistochemical expression of PRDX3 in primary UM tissue is associated with metastasis and poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathma Ramasamy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland .,National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin, Ireland.,Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Larkin
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Annett Linge
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Noel Horgan
- Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublins, Ireland
| | - Paul Moriarty
- Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublins, Ireland
| | | | - Conor C Murphy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublins, Ireland
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin, Ireland.,Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Science Foundation Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susan Kennedy
- Histopathology, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin, Ireland
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44
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Kondo T, Ando M, Nagai N, Tomisato W, Srirat T, Liu B, Mise-Omata S, Ikeda M, Chikuma S, Nishimasu H, Nureki O, Ohmura M, Hayakawa N, Hishiki T, Uchibori R, Ozawa K, Yoshimura A. The NOTCH–FOXM1 Axis Plays a Key Role in Mitochondrial Biogenesis in the Induction of Human Stem Cell Memory–like CAR-T Cells. Cancer Res 2019; 80:471-483. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Wang G, Zhong WC, Bi YH, Tao SY, Zhu H, Zhu HX, Xu AM. The Prognosis Of Peroxiredoxin Family In Breast Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:9685-9699. [PMID: 31814764 PMCID: PMC6861534 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s229389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose PRDX (Peroxiredoxin) family has involved in breast cancer tumorigenesis from the evidence obtained from cell lines, human tissues and mouse models. Nonetheless, the diversified expression patterns, coupled with the prognostic values of PRDX family, still require explanation. This study aimed at investigating the clinical importance and biological of PRDXs in breast cancer. Patients and methods Specimens of paraffin sections used for immunohistochemistry were collected from the hospital and the remaining patient information was retrieved from online databases. The expression and survival data of PRDXs in patients with breast cancer were from ONCOMINE, GEPIA, Kaplan–Meier Plotter. cBioPortal, Metascape, String, Cytoscape and DAVID were used to predict functions and pathways of the changes in PRDXs and their frequently altered neighbor genes. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of PRDXs in breast cancer. Results We discovered the expression levels of PRDX1-5 were higher in breast cancer tissues than in normal tissues, whereas the expression level of PRDX6 was observed as lower in the former one in comparison with that of the latter one. There existed a correlation between the expression levels of PRDX4, 5 and the advanced tumor stage. Survival analysis revealed that the expression of PRDXs were all associated with relapse-free survival (RFS) in all of the patients with breast cancer. Eventually, we discovered significant regulation of the cellular oxidant detoxification and detoxification of ROS by the PRDX changes, together with obtaining the core modules of genes (TXN, TXN2, TXNRD1, TXNRD2, GPX1 and GPX2) linked to the PRDX family of genes in breast cancer. Conclusion The PRDX family is widely involved in the development of breast cancer and affects the prognosis of patients. The functions and pathways of the changes in PRDXs and their frequently altered neighbor genes can be further verified by wet experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Chao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hui Bi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yue Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department Of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Xing Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - A-Man Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, People's Republic of China
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46
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The nuclear transcription factor FoxG1 affects the sensitivity of mimetic aging hair cells to inflammation by regulating autophagy pathways. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101364. [PMID: 31731101 PMCID: PMC6920089 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a self-defense response to protect individuals from infection and tissue damage, but excessive or persistent inflammation can have adverse effects on cell survival. Many individuals become especially susceptible to chronic-inflammation-induced sensorineural hearing loss as they age, but the intrinsic molecular mechanism behind aging individuals' increased risk of hearing loss remains unclear. FoxG1 (forkhead box transcription factor G1) is a key transcription factor that plays important roles in hair cell survival through the regulation of mitochondrial function, but how the function of FoxG1 changes during aging and under inflammatory conditions is unknown. In this study, we first found that FoxG1 expression and autophagy both increased gradually in the low concentration lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model, while after high concentration of LPS treatment both FoxG1 expression and autophagy levels decreased as the concentration of LPS increased. We then used siRNA to downregulate Foxg1 expression in hair cell-like OC-1 cells and found that cell death and apoptosis were significantly increased after LPS injury. Furthermore, we used d-galactose (D-gal) to create an aging model with hair cell-like OC-1 cells and cochlear explant cultures in vitro and found that the expression of Foxg1 and the level of autophagy were both decreased after D-gal and LPS co-treatment. Lastly, we knocked down the expression of Foxg1 under aged inflammation conditions and found increased numbers of dead and apoptotic cells. Together these results suggest that FoxG1 affects the sensitivity of mimetic aging hair cells to inflammation by regulating autophagy pathways.
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47
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Wei Z, Jia J, Heng G, Xu H, Shan J, Wang G, Liu C, Xia J, Zhou H, Wu M, Yang Z, Wang M, Xiong Z, Huang H, Liu L, Qian C. Sirtuin-1/Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein S5 Axis Enhances the Metabolic Flexibility of Liver Cancer Stem Cells. Hepatology 2019; 70:1197-1213. [PMID: 30901096 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming endows cancer cells with the ability to adjust metabolic pathways to support heterogeneously biological processes. However, it is not known how the reprogrammed activities are implemented during differentiation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this study, we demonstrated that liver CSCs relied on the enhanced mitochondrial function to maintain stemness properties, which is different from aerobic glycolysis playing main roles in the differentiated non-CSCs. We found that liver CSCs exhibit increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity and that complex-I of mitochondria was necessary for stemness properties of liver CSCs through regulation of mitochondrial respiration. Bioinformatics analysis reveals that mitochondrial ribosomal protein S5 (MRPS5) is closely related with the function of complex-I. Further experiments confirmed that MRPS5 promoted the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ), which is necessary for enhanced mitochondrial function in liver CSCs. MRPS5 played a critical role for liver CSCs to maintain stemness properties and to participate in tumor progression. Mechanistically, the acetylation status of MRPS5 is directly regulated by NAD+ dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), which is abundant in liver CSCs and decreased during differentiation. Deacetylated MRPS5 locates in mitochondria to promote the function complex-I and the generation of NAD+ to enhance mitochondrial respiration. Conversely, the acetylated MRPS5 gathered in nuclei leads to increased expression of glycolytic proteins and promotion of the Warburg Effect. Therefore, liver CSCs transform mitochondrial-dependent energy supply to a Warburg phenotype by the dual function of MRPS5. Clinical analysis of SIRT1 and MRPS5 expression in tumor tissues showed the SIRT1High /Cytoplasmic-MRPS5High profile was associated with patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with poor prognosis. Conclusion: SIRT1/MRPS5 axis participates in metabolic reprogramming to facilitate tumor progression and may serve as a promising therapeutic target of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Wei
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiankun Jia
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Heng
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huailong Xu
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juanjuan Shan
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chungang Liu
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianyu Xia
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haijun Zhou
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhouxing Xiong
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Limei Liu
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Ismail T, Kim Y, Lee H, Lee DS, Lee HS. Interplay Between Mitochondrial Peroxiredoxins and ROS in Cancer Development and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184407. [PMID: 31500275 PMCID: PMC6770548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifunctional cellular organelles that are major producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in eukaryotes; to maintain the redox balance, they are supplemented with different ROS scavengers, including mitochondrial peroxiredoxins (Prdxs). Mitochondrial Prdxs have physiological and pathological significance and are associated with the initiation and progression of various cancer types. In this review, we have focused on signaling involving ROS and mitochondrial Prdxs that is associated with cancer development and progression. An upregulated expression of Prdx3 and Prdx5 has been reported in different cancer types, such as breast, ovarian, endometrial, and lung cancers, as well as in Hodgkin's lymphoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. The expression of Prdx3 and Prdx5 in different types of malignancies involves their association with different factors, such as transcription factors, micro RNAs, tumor suppressors, response elements, and oncogenic genes. The microenvironment of mitochondrial Prdxs plays an important role in cancer development, as cancerous cells are equipped with a high level of antioxidants to overcome excessive ROS production. However, an increased production of Prdx3 and Prdx5 is associated with the development of chemoresistance in certain types of cancers and it leads to further complications in cancer treatment. Understanding the interplay between mitochondrial Prdxs and ROS in carcinogenesis can be useful in the development of anticancer drugs with better proficiency and decreased resistance. However, more targeted studies are required for exploring the tumor microenvironment in association with mitochondrial Prdxs to improve the existing cancer therapies and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayaba Ismail
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Youni Kim
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Hongchan Lee
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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Wang W, Shen XB, Huang DB, Jia W, Liu WB, He YF. Peroxiredoxin 4 suppresses anoikis and augments growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the β-catenin/ID2 pathway. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:769-781. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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50
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Zhao H, Zhao C, Li H, Zhang D, Liu G. E2A attenuates tumor-initiating capacity of colorectal cancer cells via the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:276. [PMID: 31234887 PMCID: PMC6591938 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The E2A gene, which encodes two basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, E12 and E47, regulates colorectal cancer progression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. However, whether E2A regulates the tumor-initiating capacity of colorectal cancer is unclear. Thus, we have studied E2A expression in the initiation of colorectal cancer in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and immunoblot were performed to determine protein levels of E2A in colorectal cancer specimens and cells. RNAi was employed to downregulate E2A expression, and the subsequent change in protein level was evaluated by immunoblot. Sphere-forming assay and enumeration of liver metastasis in mouse models were used to identify the tumor formation ability of colorectal cancer cells. RESULTS E2A expression in colorectal cancer clinical specimens was inversely associated with patients' progression-free survival. Functional studies demonstrated that E2A significantly decreased tumor formation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, nuclear translocation of beta-catenin and activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway occurred after suppression of E2A in colorectal cancer cells. FoxM1 was identified as a down-stream target by mRNA microarray, implying that FoxM1 plays a main role in determining how E2A regulates the tumor-initiating capacity of colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION E2A suppresses tumor-initiating capacity by targeting the FoxM1-Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 41 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chunlin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 41 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haohao Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 41 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Danhua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 41 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Guanghui Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 41 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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