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Schulze LL, Becker E, Dedden M, Liu LJ, van Passen C, Mohamed-Abdou M, Müller TM, Wiendl M, Ullrich KAM, Atreya I, Leppkes M, Ekici AB, Kirchner P, Stürzl M, Sexton D, Palliser D, Atreya R, Siegmund B, Neurath MF, Zundler S. Differential Effects of Ontamalimab Versus Vedolizumab on Immune Cell Trafficking in Intestinal Inflammation and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:1817-1832. [PMID: 37208197 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The anti-MAdCAM-1 antibody ontamalimab demonstrated efficacy in a phase II trial in ulcerative colitis and results of early terminated phase III trials are pending, but its precise mechanisms of action are still unclear. Thus, we explored the mechanisms of action of ontamalimab and compared it to the anti-α4β7 antibody vedolizumab. METHODS We studied MAdCAM-1 expression with RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry. The mechanisms of action of ontamalimab were assessed with fluorescence microscopy, dynamic adhesion and rolling assays. We performed in vivo cell trafficking studies in mice and compared ontamalimab and vedolizumab surrogate [-s] antibodies in experimental models of colitis and wound healing. We analysed immune cell infiltration under anti-MAdCAM-1 and anti-α4β7 treatment by single-cell transcriptomics and studied compensatory trafficking pathways. RESULTS MAdCAM-1 expression was increased in active inflammatory bowel disease. Binding of ontamalimab to MAdCAM-1 induced the internalization of the complex. Functionally, ontamalimab blocked T cell adhesion similar to vedolizumab, but also inhibited L-selectin-dependent rolling of innate and adaptive immune cells. Despite conserved mechanisms in mice, the impact of ontamalimab-s and vedolizumab-s on experimental colitis and wound healing was similar. Single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrated enrichment of ontamalimab-s-treated lamina propria cells in specific clusters, and in vitro experiments indicated that redundant adhesion pathways are active in these cells. CONCLUSIONS Ontamalimab has unique and broader mechanisms of action compared to vedolizumab. However, this seems to be compensated for by redundant cell trafficking circuits and leads to similar preclinical efficacy of anti-α4β7 and anti-MAdCAM-1 treatment. These results will be important for the interpretation of pending phase III data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lou Schulze
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Emily Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Mark Dedden
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Li-Juan Liu
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Chiara van Passen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Mariam Mohamed-Abdou
- Department of Surgery, Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Tanja M Müller
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Wiendl
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Karen A M Ullrich
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | - Moritz Leppkes
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Kirchner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Department of Surgery, Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Dan Sexton
- Shire HGT, a Takeda company, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Raja Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Buehler A, Brown E, Paulus L, Eckstein M, Thoma O, Oraiopoulou M, Rother U, Hoerning A, Hartmann A, Neurath MF, Woelfle J, Friedrich O, Waldner MJ, Knieling F, Bohndiek SE, Regensburger AP. Transrectal Absorber Guide Raster-Scanning Optoacoustic Mesoscopy for Label-Free In Vivo Assessment of Colitis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300564. [PMID: 37083262 PMCID: PMC10288266 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Optoacoustic imaging (OAI) enables microscale imaging of endogenous chromophores such as hemoglobin at significantly higher penetration depths compared to other optical imaging technologies. Raster-scanning optoacoustic mesoscopy (RSOM) has recently been shown to identify superficial microvascular changes associated with human skin pathologies. In animal models, the imaging depth afforded by RSOM can enable entirely new capabilities for noninvasive imaging of vascular structures in the gastrointestinal tract, but exact localization of intra-abdominal organs is still elusive. Herein the development and application of a novel transrectal absorber guide for RSOM (TAG-RSOM) is presented to enable accurate transabdominal localization and assessment of colonic vascular networks in vivo. The potential of TAG-RSOM is demonstrated through application during mild and severe acute colitis in mice. TAG-RSOM enables visualization of transmural vascular networks, with changes in colon wall thickness, blood volume, and OAI signal intensities corresponding to colitis-associated inflammatory changes. These findings suggest TAG-RSOM can provide a novel monitoring tool in preclinical IBD models, refining animal procedures and underlines the capabilities of such technologies to address inflammatory bowel diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Buehler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Emma Brown
- Department of Physics and Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Lars‐Philip Paulus
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of PathologyFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Oana‐Maria Thoma
- Department of Medicine 1University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91052ErlangenGermany
| | - Mariam‐Eleni Oraiopoulou
- Department of Physics and Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Ulrich Rother
- Department of Vascular SurgeryUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - André Hoerning
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of PathologyFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91052ErlangenGermany
| | - Joachim Woelfle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical BiotechnologyDepartment of Chemical and Biological EngineeringFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91052ErlangenGermany
| | - Maximilian J. Waldner
- Department of Medicine 1University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91052ErlangenGermany
| | - Ferdinand Knieling
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- Department of Physics and Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Adrian P. Regensburger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
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3
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Planchette AL, Schmidt C, Burri O, Gomez de Agüero M, Radenovic A, Mylonas A, Extermann J. Optical imaging of the small intestine immune compartment across scales. Commun Biol 2023; 6:352. [PMID: 37002381 PMCID: PMC10066397 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04642-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The limitations of 2D microscopy constrain our ability to observe and understand tissue-wide networks that are, by nature, 3-dimensional. Optical projection tomography (OPT) enables the acquisition of large volumes (ranging from micrometres to centimetres) in various tissues. We present a multi-modal workflow for the characterization of both structural and quantitative parameters of the mouse small intestine. As proof of principle, we evidence its applicability for imaging the mouse intestinal immune compartment and surrounding mucosal structures. We quantify the volumetric size and spatial distribution of Isolated Lymphoid Follicles (ILFs) and quantify the density of villi throughout centimetre-long segments of intestine. Furthermore, we exhibit the age and microbiota dependence for ILF development, and leverage a technique that we call reverse-OPT for identifying and homing in on regions of interest. Several quantification capabilities are displayed, including villous density in the autofluorescent channel and the size and spatial distribution of the signal of interest at millimetre-scale volumes. The concatenation of 3D imaging with reverse-OPT and high-resolution 2D imaging allows accurate localisation of ROIs and adds value to interpretations made in 3D. Importantly, OPT may be used to identify sparsely-distributed regions of interest in large volumes whilst retaining compatibility with high-resolution microscopy modalities, including confocal microscopy. We believe this pipeline to be approachable for a wide-range of specialties, and to provide a new method for characterisation of the mouse intestinal immune compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Louise Planchette
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Cédric Schmidt
- HEPIA/HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Rue de la Prairie 4, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Burri
- BioImaging & Optics Platform, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mercedes Gomez de Agüero
- Host-microbial interactions group, Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck research group, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Radenovic
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alessio Mylonas
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Extermann
- HEPIA/HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Rue de la Prairie 4, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Spangenberg P, Hagemann N, Squire A, Förster N, Krauß SD, Qi Y, Mohamud Yusuf A, Wang J, Grüneboom A, Kowitz L, Korste S, Totzeck M, Cibir Z, Tuz AA, Singh V, Siemes D, Struensee L, Engel DR, Ludewig P, Martins Nascentes Melo L, Helfrich I, Chen J, Gunzer M, Hermann DM, Mosig A. Rapid and fully automated blood vasculature analysis in 3D light-sheet image volumes of different organs. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100436. [PMID: 37056368 PMCID: PMC10088239 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) can produce high-resolution tomograms of tissue vasculature with high accuracy. However, data processing and analysis is laborious due to the size of the datasets. Here, we introduce VesselExpress, an automated software that reliably analyzes six characteristic vascular network parameters including vessel diameter in LSFM data on average computing hardware. VesselExpress is ∼100 times faster than other existing vessel analysis tools, requires no user interaction, and integrates batch processing and parallelization. Employing an innovative dual Frangi filter approach, we show that obesity induces a large-scale modulation of brain vasculature in mice and that seven other major organs differ strongly in their 3D vascular makeup. Hence, VesselExpress transforms LSFM from an observational to an analytical working tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Spangenberg
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nina Hagemann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anthony Squire
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nils Förster
- Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Bioinformatics Group, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Sascha D. Krauß
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yachao Qi
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anika Grüneboom
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lennart Kowitz
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sebastian Korste
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Totzeck
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Zülal Cibir
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ali Ata Tuz
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Vikramjeet Singh
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Devon Siemes
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura Struensee
- Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel R. Engel
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Ludewig
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Iris Helfrich
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jianxu Chen
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dirk M. Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Axel Mosig
- Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Bioinformatics Group, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
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5
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Durand T, Paul-Gilloteaux P, Gora M, Laboudie L, Coron E, Neveu I, Neunlist M, Naveilhan P. Visualizing enteric nervous system activity through dye-free dynamic full-field optical coherence tomography. Commun Biol 2023; 6:236. [PMID: 36864093 PMCID: PMC9981581 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Major advances have been achieved in imaging technologies but most methodological approaches currently used to study the enteric neuronal functions rely on exogenous contrast dyes that can interfere with cellular functions or survival. In the present paper, we investigated whether full-field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT), could be used to visualize and analyze the cells of the enteric nervous system. Experimental work on whole-mount preparations of unfixed mouse colons showed that FFOCT enables the visualization of the myenteric plexus network whereas dynamic FFOCT enables to visualize and identify in situ individual cells in the myenteric ganglia. Analyzes also showed that dynamic FFOCT signal could be modified by external stimuli such veratridine or changes in osmolarity. These data suggest that dynamic FFOCT could be of great interest to detect changes in the functions of enteric neurons and glia in normal and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Durand
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Perrine Paul-Gilloteaux
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UAR 3556, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Michalina Gora
- Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- ICube Laboratory, CNRS, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lara Laboudie
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Coron
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Geneva (HUG), rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Genève, 1205, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Neveu
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Michel Neunlist
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France.
| | - Philippe Naveilhan
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
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6
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Gut immune cell trafficking: inter-organ communication and immune-mediated inflammation. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:50-64. [PMID: 35945456 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Immune cell trafficking is a complex and tightly regulated process that is indispensable for the body's fight against pathogens. However, it is also increasingly acknowledged that dysregulation of cell trafficking contributes to the pathogenesis of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) in gastroenterology and hepatology, such as inflammatory bowel disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Moreover, altered cell trafficking has also been implicated as a crucial step in the immunopathogenesis of other IMIDs, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Over the past few years, a central role of the gut in mediating these disorders has progressively emerged, and the partly microbiota-driven imprinting of particular cell trafficking phenotypes in the intestine seems to be crucially involved. Therefore, this Review highlights achievements in understanding immune cell trafficking to, within and from the intestine and delineates its consequences for immune-mediated pathology along the gut-liver, gut-joint and gut-brain axes. We also discuss implications for current and future therapeutic approaches that specifically interfere with homing, retention, egress and recirculation of immune cells.
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7
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Delgado-Rodriguez P, Brooks CJ, Vaquero JJ, Muñoz-Barrutia A. Innovations in ex vivo Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 168:37-51. [PMID: 34293338 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM) has revolutionized how optical imaging of biological specimens can be performed as this technique allows to produce 3D fluorescence images of entire samples with a high spatiotemporal resolution. In this manuscript, we aim to provide readers with an overview of the field of LSFM on ex vivo samples. Recent advances in LSFM architectures have made the technique widely accessible and have improved its acquisition speed and resolution, among other features. These developments are strongly supported by quantitative analysis of the huge image volumes produced thanks to the boost in computational capacities, the advent of Deep Learning techniques, and by the combination of LSFM with other imaging modalities. Namely, LSFM allows for the characterization of biological structures, disease manifestations and drug effectivity studies. This information can ultimately serve to develop novel diagnostic procedures, treatments and even to model the organs physiology in healthy and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Delgado-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claire Jordan Brooks
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Vaquero
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arrate Muñoz-Barrutia
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Melde M, Müller TM, Schneider I, Geppert CI, Mühl L, Besendorf L, Allner C, Becker E, Atreya I, Vitali F, Atreya R, Neurath MF, Zundler S. α4β7 integrin-dependent adhesion of T cells to MAdCAM-1 is blocked by vedolizumab in patients with chronic refractory pouchitis. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2021; 14:17562848211054707. [PMID: 34868349 PMCID: PMC8640978 DOI: 10.1177/17562848211054707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anti-α4β7 integrin antibody vedolizumab is an established therapeutic option for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It has also been successfully used in patients with chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis following proctocolectomey with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. However, the expression and function of gut-homing markers as well as strategies to predict the response to vedolizumab in pouchitis are understudied so far. METHODS We used flow cytometry and dynamic adhesion assays to study the expression and function of gut-homing integrins on T cells from patients with pouchitis and controls as well as longitudinally during therapy of pouchitis with vedolizumab. Moreover, we describe clinical effects of vedolizumab in a cohort of patients with pouchitis. RESULTS T cells from patients with pouchitis express a specific profile of gut-homing integrins. Integrin α4β7 on T cells from patients with pouchitis mediates adhesion to mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM)-1, which can be blocked by vedolizumab in vitro. Vedolizumab efficiently treats pouchitis in a portion of patients and response correlates with dynamic adhesion profiles to MAdCAM-1. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that T cell trafficking seems to be important for the pathogenesis of pouchitis and support the therapeutic use of vedolizumab. Integrin function might serve as a biomarker to predict response to vedolizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ines Schneider
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol-Immanuel Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laura Mühl
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laura Besendorf
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Clarissa Allner
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Emily Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Francesco Vitali
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Yasutomi Y, Chiba A, Haga K, Murayama G, Makiyama A, Kuga T, Watanabe M, Okamoto R, Nagahara A, Nagaishi T, Miyake S. Activated Mucosal-associated Invariant T Cells Have a Pathogenic Role in a Murine Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:81-93. [PMID: 34461283 PMCID: PMC8593615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells restricted by major histocompatibility complex-related molecule 1 (MR1) and express a semi-invariant T cell receptor. Previously, we reported the activation status of circulating MAIT cells in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) was associated with disease activity and that these cells had infiltrated the inflamed colonic mucosa. These findings suggest MAIT cells are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. We investigated the role of MAIT cells in the pathogenesis of colitis by using MR1-/- mice lacking MAIT cells and a synthetic antagonistic MR1 ligand. METHODS Oxazolone colitis was induced in MR1-/- mice (C57BL/6 background), their littermate wild-type controls, and C57BL/6 mice orally administered an antagonistic MR1 ligand, isobutyl 6-formyl pterin (i6-FP). Cytokine production of splenocytes and colonic lamina propria lymphocytes from mice receiving i6-FP was analyzed. Intestinal permeability was assessed in MR1-/- and i6-FP-treated mice and their controls. The effect of i6-FP on cytokine production by MAIT cells from patients with UC was assessed. RESULTS MR1 deficiency or i6-FP treatment reduced the severity of oxazolone colitis. i6-FP treatment reduced cytokine production in MAIT cells from mice and patients with UC. Although MR1 deficiency increased the intestinal permeability, i6-FP administration did not affect gut integrity in mice. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate MAIT cells have a pathogenic role in colitis and suppression of MAIT cell activation might reduce the severity of colitis without affecting gut integrity. Thus, MAIT cells are potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel disease including UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yasutomi
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Chiba
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Asako Chiba, MD, PhD and Sachiko Miyake, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. tel: +81-3-5812-1045; fax: +81-3-3813-0421.
| | - Keiichi Haga
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Goh Murayama
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Makiyama
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiga Kuga
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Nagahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagaishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Miyake
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Asako Chiba, MD, PhD and Sachiko Miyake, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. tel: +81-3-5812-1045; fax: +81-3-3813-0421.
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10
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Schmidt C, Planchette AL, Nguyen D, Giardina G, Neuenschwander Y, Franco MD, Mylonas A, Descloux AC, Pomarico E, Radenovic A, Extermann J. High resolution optical projection tomography platform for multispectral imaging of the mouse gut. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:3619-3629. [PMID: 34221683 PMCID: PMC8221953 DOI: 10.1364/boe.423284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical projection tomography (OPT) is a powerful tool for three-dimensional imaging of mesoscopic biological samples with great use for biomedical phenotyping studies. We present a fluorescent OPT platform that enables direct visualization of biological specimens and processes at a centimeter scale with high spatial resolution, as well as fast data throughput and reconstruction. We demonstrate nearly isotropic sub-28 µm resolution over more than 60 mm3 after reconstruction of a single acquisition. Our setup is optimized for imaging the mouse gut at multiple wavelengths. Thanks to a new sample preparation protocol specifically developed for gut specimens, we can observe the spatial arrangement of the intestinal villi and the vasculature network of a 3-cm long healthy mouse gut. Besides the blood vessel network surrounding the gastrointestinal tract, we observe traces of vasculature at the villi ends close to the lumen. The combination of rapid acquisition and a large field of view with high spatial resolution in 3D mesoscopic imaging holds an invaluable potential for gastrointestinal pathology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Schmidt
- HEPIA/HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Rue de la Prairie 4, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arielle L. Planchette
- Laboratoire de Biologie à l’Échelle Nanométrique, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Nguyen
- Zlatic Lab, Neurobiology, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Giardina
- HEPIA/HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Rue de la Prairie 4, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yoan Neuenschwander
- HEPIA/HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Rue de la Prairie 4, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Di Franco
- HEPIA/HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Rue de la Prairie 4, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Mylonas
- Laboratoire de Biologie à l’Échelle Nanométrique, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adrien C. Descloux
- Laboratoire de Biologie à l’Échelle Nanométrique, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Pomarico
- HEPIA/HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Rue de la Prairie 4, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Radenovic
- Laboratoire de Biologie à l’Échelle Nanométrique, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Extermann
- HEPIA/HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Rue de la Prairie 4, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
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11
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Mühl L, Becker E, Müller TM, Atreya R, Atreya I, Neurath MF, Zundler S. Clinical experiences and predictors of success of treatment with vedolizumab in IBD patients: a cohort study. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:33. [PMID: 33482730 PMCID: PMC7821503 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vedolizumab has become a standard treatment for the inflammatory bowel diseases ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). However, there is an ongoing debate on the ideal individual treatment algorithms and means to predict treatment response are not routinely established. AIMS We aimed to describe our experiences with vedolizumab at a large German tertiary referral center and to identify clinical predictors of success of vedolizumab treatment. METHODS We performed a retrospective single-center cohort study employing univariable and multivariable analyses as well as Kaplan-Meier analyses of persistence on treatment. RESULTS 36% and 35% of the patients with UC and CD, respectively, reached clinical remission after 17 weeks. Patients with lower clinical disease activity were more likely to achieve remission. The median persistence on treatment was 33 months for UC and 29 months for CD. CONCLUSION Our study confirms that vedolizumab is an efficient option for the treatment of UC and CD. Clinical parameters of disease activity may help to predict the success of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mühl
- Department of Medicine 1 and "Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie", University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Emily Becker
- Department of Medicine 1 and "Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie", University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tanja M Müller
- Department of Medicine 1 and "Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie", University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1 and "Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie", University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1 and "Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie", University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1 and "Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie", University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1 and "Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie", University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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12
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Inducible mouse models of colon cancer for the analysis of sporadic and inflammation-driven tumor progression and lymph node metastasis. Nat Protoc 2020; 16:61-85. [PMID: 33318692 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in the detection and therapy of colorectal cancer (CRC) in recent years, CRC has remained a major challenge in clinical practice. Although alternative methods for modeling CRC have been developed, animal models of CRC remain helpful when analyzing molecular aspects of pathogenesis and are often used to perform preclinical in vivo studies of potential therapeutics. This protocol updates our protocol published in 2007, which provided an azoxymethane (AOM)-based setup for investigations into sporadic (Step 5A) and, when combined with dextran sodium sulfate (Step 5B), inflammation-associated tumor growth. This update also extends the applications beyond those of the original protocol by including an option in which AOM is serially applied to mice with p53 deficiency in the intestinal epithelium (Step 5C). In this model, the combination of p53 deficiency and AOM promotes tumor development, including growth of invasive cancers and lymph node metastasis. It also provides details on analysis of colorectal tumor growth and metastasis, including analysis of partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell isolation and co-culture studies, high-resolution mini-endoscopy, light-sheet fluorescence microscopy and micro-CT imaging in mice. The target audience for our protocol is researchers who plan in vivo studies to address mechanisms influencing sporadic or inflammation-driven tumor development, including the analysis of local invasiveness and lymph node metastasis. It is suitable for preclinical in vivo testing of novel drugs and other interventional strategies for clinical translation, plus the evaluation of emerging imaging devices/modalities. It can be completed within 24 weeks (using Step 5A/C) or 10 weeks (using Step 5B).
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13
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Baicalein Restores the Balance of Th17/Treg Cells via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor to Attenuate Colitis. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:5918587. [PMID: 33082710 PMCID: PMC7556074 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5918587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the ligands of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), baicalein, isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been proved to exert potential therapeutic effects on ulcerative colitis (UC), but its therapeutic mechanism remains obscure. Authentically, ulcerative colitis can be alleviated by regulating the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells via AhR activation. So, our study planned to prove the hypothesis that baicalein protected mice against UC by regulating the balance of Th17/Treg cells via AhR activation. Immunofluorescence and western blot results showed that baicalein could promote AhR activation and induce it to transfer to the nucleus. We further determined the effect of baicalein on naïve CD4+ T cell differentiation in vitro by magnetic cell separation and drug intervention. The results showed that baicalein could promote Treg cell differentiation by activating AhR. In vivo study, UC mice were established by free drinking of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days and then were orally administrated by baicalein (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg), TCDD (AhR agonist), and CH223191 (antagonist). The results demonstrated that baicalein improved the symptoms of UC mice, regulated the balance of Th17/Treg cells, and restored the balance of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-17, IL-6, and TNF-α; anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β; and epithelial protective cytokine IL-22 in UC mice, and these effects were related to AhR. Taken together, our research found that baicalein might be a potential drug for UC via regulating Treg cell differentiation and maintaining immune homeostasis and attempted to shed a light on the pivotal role of AhR in these effects.
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14
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Zundler S, Tauschek V, Neurath MF. Immune Cell Circuits in Mucosal Wound Healing: Clinical Implications. Visc Med 2020; 36:129-136. [PMID: 32355670 DOI: 10.1159/000506846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An intact mucosal barrier is essential for homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract. Various pathological conditions such as infection or immune-mediated inflammation as well as therapeutic interventions like bowel surgery can result in injury of the intestinal mucosa. To counteract potential negative sequelae and to restore integrity of the tissue, a tightly regulated machinery of mechanisms exists, which crucially depends on the presence and absence of various immune cell subsets in different phases of intestinal wound healing. Cell trafficking is an increasingly acknowledged process that steers the localization of cells in tissues and the circulation. Thus, such cell circuits also crucially impact on the recruitment of immune cells in wound healing. Summary We performed a selective literature research. In our review, we will shortly delineate some basic principles of intestinal immune cell trafficking before discussing the contribution of different immune cells to wound healing. Finally, we will discuss potential clinical implications of immune cell trafficking and wound healing interactions in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and bowel surgery. Key Messages Intestinal wound healing has immense importance in pathological conditions like IBD, anastomotic healing, and others. Immune cell trafficking is indispensable for the correct temporal and spatial interaction of the cells involved. Further research is required to understand the final consequences of interfering with immune cell trafficking for intestinal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Verena Tauschek
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Schleier L, Wiendl M, Heidbreder K, Binder MT, Atreya R, Rath T, Becker E, Schulz-Kuhnt A, Stahl A, Schulze LL, Ullrich K, Merz SF, Bornemann L, Gunzer M, Watson AJM, Neufert C, Atreya I, Neurath MF, Zundler S. Non-classical monocyte homing to the gut via α4β7 integrin mediates macrophage-dependent intestinal wound healing. Gut 2020; 69:252-263. [PMID: 31092589 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the role of α4β7 integrin for gut homing of monocytes and to explore the biological consequences of therapeutic α4β7 inhibition with regard to intestinal wound healing. DESIGN We studied the expression of homing markers on monocyte subsets in the peripheral blood and on macrophage subsets in the gut of patients with IBD and controls with flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Integrin function was addressed with dynamic adhesion assays and in vivo gut homing assays. In vivo wound healing was studied in mice deficient for or depleted of α4β7 integrin. RESULTS Classical and non-classical monocytes were clearly dichotomous regarding homing marker expression including relevant expression of α4β7 integrin on human and mouse non-classical monocytes but not on classical monocytes. Monocyte-expressed α4β7 integrin was functionally important for dynamic adhesion to mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 and in vivo gut homing. Impaired α4β7-dependent gut homing was associated with reduced (effect size about 20%) and delayed wound healing and suppressed perilesional presence of wound healing macrophages. Non-classical monocytes in the peripheral blood were increased in patients with IBD under clinical treatment with vedolizumab. CONCLUSION In addition to reported effects on lymphocytes, anti-α4β7 therapy in IBD also targets non-classical monocytes. Impaired gut homing of such monocytes might lead to a reduction of wound healing macrophages and could potentially explain increased rates of postoperative complications in vedolizumab-treated patients, which have been observed in some studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Schleier
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Wiendl
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karin Heidbreder
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Binder
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Rath
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Emily Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Schulz-Kuhnt
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annette Stahl
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Lou Schulze
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karen Ullrich
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon F Merz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lea Bornemann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alastair J M Watson
- Norwich Medical School, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Clemens Neufert
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe the latest developments in the field of anti-trafficking agents (ATAs), a class of therapeutics with growing importance in the field of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) that specifically inhibit steps of immune cell trafficking. RECENT FINDINGS Several translational and clinical studies have further shaped the knowledge about the mechanisms and effects of the anti-α4β7 integrin antibody vedolizumab. In parallel, new ATAs like the anti-β7 integrin antibody etrolizumab and the anti-MAdCAM-1 antibody ontamalimab are investigated in phase III clinical trials and might soon increase the therapeutic armamentarium in IBD. SUMMARY ATAs have unique mechanisms of action and can meanwhile be considered an indispensable column of IBD therapy. Further efforts are necessary to elucidate complex mechanistic aspects, to exactly define their role in relation to other therapeutic approaches and to identify novel treatment targets as well as biomarkers for personalized medicine.
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17
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Next-generation imaging of the skeletal system and its blood supply. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:533-549. [PMID: 31395974 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone is organized in a hierarchical 3D architecture. Traditionally, analysis of the skeletal system was based on bone mass assessment by radiographic methods or on the examination of bone structure by 2D histological sections. Advanced imaging technologies and big data analysis now enable the unprecedented examination of bone and provide new insights into its 3D macrostructure and microstructure. These technologies comprise ex vivo and in vivo methods including high-resolution computed tomography (CT), synchrotron-based imaging, X-ray microscopy, ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), light-sheet fluorescence microscopy, confocal and intravital two-photon imaging. In concert, these techniques have been used to detect and quantify a novel vascular system of trans-cortical vessels in bone. Furthermore, structures such as the lacunar network, which harbours and connects osteocytes, become accessible for 3D imaging and quantification using these methods. Next-generation imaging of the skeletal system and its blood supply are anticipated to contribute to an entirely new understanding of bone tissue composition and function, from macroscale to nanoscale, in health and disease. These insights could provide the basis for early detection and precision-type intervention of bone disorders in the future.
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18
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Targeting immune cell circuits and trafficking in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:970-979. [PMID: 31235952 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are characterized by uncontrolled activation of intestinal immune cells in a genetically susceptible host. Due to the progressive and destructive nature of the inflammatory process in IBD, complications such as fibrosis, stenosis or cancer are frequently observed, which highlights the need for effective anti-inflammatory therapy. Studies have identified altered trafficking of immune cells and pathogenic immune cell circuits as crucial drivers of mucosal inflammation and tissue destruction in IBD. A defective gut barrier and microbial dysbiosis induce such accumulation and local activation of immune cells, which results in a pro-inflammatory cytokine loop that overrides anti-inflammatory signals and causes chronic intestinal inflammation. This Review discusses pathogenic cytokine responses of immune cells as well as immune cell trafficking as a rational basis for new translational therapies in IBD.
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19
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Merz SF, Korste S, Bornemann L, Michel L, Stock P, Squire A, Soun C, Engel DR, Detzer J, Lörchner H, Hermann DM, Kamler M, Klode J, Hendgen-Cotta UB, Rassaf T, Gunzer M, Totzeck M. Contemporaneous 3D characterization of acute and chronic myocardial I/R injury and response. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2312. [PMID: 31127113 PMCID: PMC6534576 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardioprotection by salvage of the infarct-affected myocardium is an unmet yet highly desired therapeutic goal. To develop new dedicated therapies, experimental myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury would require methods to simultaneously characterize extent and localization of the damage and the ensuing inflammatory responses in whole hearts over time. Here we present a three-dimensional (3D), simultaneous quantitative investigation of key I/R injury-components by combining bleaching-augmented solvent-based non-toxic clearing (BALANCE) using ethyl cinnamate (ECi) with light sheet fluorescence microscopy. This allows structural analyses of fluorescence-labeled I/R hearts with exceptional detail. We discover and 3D-quantify distinguishable acute and late vascular I/R damage zones. These contain highly localized and spatially structured neutrophil infiltrates that are modulated upon cardiac healing. Our model demonstrates that these characteristic I/R injury patterns can detect the extent of damage even days after the ischemic index event hence allowing the investigation of long-term recovery and remodeling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon F Merz
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Korste
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Lea Bornemann
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Michel
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Pia Stock
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Anthony Squire
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Camille Soun
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel R Engel
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Detzer
- Dept. of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Holger Lörchner
- Dept. of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Kamler
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim Klode
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrike B Hendgen-Cotta
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Totzeck
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany.
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20
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Scheibe K, Kersten C, Schmied A, Vieth M, Primbs T, Carlé B, Knieling F, Claussen J, Klimowicz AC, Zheng J, Baum P, Meyer S, Schürmann S, Friedrich O, Waldner MJ, Rath T, Wirtz S, Kollias G, Ekici AB, Atreya R, Raymond EL, Mbow ML, Neurath MF, Neufert C. Inhibiting Interleukin 36 Receptor Signaling Reduces Fibrosis in Mice With Chronic Intestinal Inflammation. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:1082-1097.e11. [PMID: 30452921 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestinal fibrosis is a long-term complication in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) that frequently results in functional damage, bowel obstruction, and surgery. Interleukin (IL) 36 is a group of cytokines in the IL1 family with inflammatory effects. We studied the expression of IL36 and its receptor, interleukin 1 receptor like 2 (IL1RL2 or IL36R) in the development of intestinal fibrosis in human tissues and mice. METHODS We obtained intestinal tissues from 92 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 48 patients with ulcerative colitis, and 26 patients without inflammatory bowel diseases (control individuals). Tissues were analyzed by histology to detect fibrosis and by immunohistochemistry to determine the distribution of fibroblasts and levels of IL36R ligands. Human and mouse fibroblasts were incubated with IL36 or control medium, and transcriptome-wide RNA sequences were analyzed. Mice were given neutralizing antibodies against IL36R, and we studied intestinal tissues from Il1rl2-/- mice; colitis and fibrosis were induced in mice by repetitive administration of DSS or TNBS. Bone marrow cells were transplanted from Il1rl2-/- to irradiated wild-type mice and intestinal tissues were analyzed. Antibodies against IL36R were applied to mice with established chronic colitis and fibrosis and intestinal tissues were studied. RESULTS Mucosal and submucosal tissue from patients with CD or ulcerative colitis had higher levels of collagens, including type VI collagen, compared with tissue from control individuals. In tissues from patients with fibrostenotic CD, significantly higher levels of IL36A were noted, which correlated with high numbers of activated fibroblasts that expressed α-smooth muscle actin. IL36R activation of mouse and human fibroblasts resulted in expression of genes that regulate fibrosis and tissue remodeling, as well as expression of collagen type VI. Il1rl2-/- mice and mice given injections of an antibody against IL36R developed less severe colitis and fibrosis after administration of DSS or TNBS, but bone marrow cells from Il1rl2-/- mice did not prevent induction of colitis and fibrosis. Injection of antibodies against IL36R significantly reduced established fibrosis in mice with chronic intestinal inflammation. CONCLUSION We found higher levels of IL36A in fibrotic intestinal tissues from patients with IBD compared with control individuals. IL36 induced expression of genes that regulate fibrogenesis in fibroblasts. Inhibition or knockout of the IL36R gene in mice reduces chronic colitis and intestinal fibrosis. Agents designed to block IL36R signaling could be developed for prevention and treatment of intestinal fibrosis in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Scheibe
- First Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Kersten
- First Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anabel Schmied
- First Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tatjana Primbs
- First Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Birgitta Carlé
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Knieling
- First Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Jie Zheng
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Patrick Baum
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Sebastian Meyer
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schürmann
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Waldner
- First Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Rath
- First Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- First Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - George Kollias
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari, Greece
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- First Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ernest L Raymond
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - M Lamine Mbow
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Markus F Neurath
- First Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Clemens Neufert
- First Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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21
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Luo Y, Yin X, Shi S, Ren X, Zhang H, Wang Z, Cao Y, Tang M, Xiao B, Zhang M. Non-destructive 3D Microtomography of Cerebral Angioarchitecture Changes Following Ischemic Stroke in Rats Using Synchrotron Radiation. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:5. [PMID: 30766481 PMCID: PMC6365468 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of functional changes in the cerebral microvasculature following ischemic injury is essential to elucidate the pathogenesis of stroke. Up to now, the simultaneous depiction and stereological analysis of 3D micro-architectural changes of brain vasculature with network disorders remains a technical challenge. We aimed to explore the three dimensional (3D) microstructural changes of microvasculature in the rat brain on 4, 6 hours, 3 and 18 days post-ischemia using synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SRμCT) with a per pixel size of 5.2 μm. The plasticity of angioarchitecture was distinctly visualized. Quantitative assessments of time-related trends after focal ischemia, including number of branches, number of nodes, and frequency distribution of vessel diameter, reached a peak at 6 h and significantly decreased at 3 days and initiated to form cavities. The detected pathological changes were also proven by histological tests. We depicted a novel methodology for the 3D analysis of vascular repair in ischemic injury, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Cerebral angioarchitecture sustained 3D remodeling and modification during the healing process. The results might provide a deeper insight into the compensatory mechanisms of microvasculature after injury, suggesting that SRμCT is able to provide a potential new platform for deepening imaging pathological changes in complicated angioarchitecture and evaluating potential therapeutic targets for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianzhen Yin
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shupeng Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuolu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China.,Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mimi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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22
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Zundler S, Becker E, Spocinska M, Slawik M, Parga-Vidal L, Stark R, Wiendl M, Atreya R, Rath T, Leppkes M, Hildner K, López-Posadas R, Lukassen S, Ekici AB, Neufert C, Atreya I, van Gisbergen KPJM, Neurath MF. Hobit- and Blimp-1-driven CD4 + tissue-resident memory T cells control chronic intestinal inflammation. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:288-300. [PMID: 30692620 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) have been shown to regulate host protection in infectious disorders, their function in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains to be investigated. Here we characterized TRM cells in human IBD and in experimental models of intestinal inflammation. Pro-inflammatory TRM cells accumulated in the mucosa of patients with IBD, and the presence of CD4+CD69+CD103+ TRM cells was predictive of the development of flares. In vivo, functional impairment of TRM cells in mice with double knockout of the TRM-cell-associated transcription factors Hobit and Blimp-1 attenuated disease in several models of colitis, due to impaired cross-talk between the adaptive and innate immune system. Finally, depletion of TRM cells led to a suppression of colitis activity. Together, our data demonstrate a central role for TRM cells in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation and suggest that these cells could be targets for future therapeutic approaches in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, The University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Emily Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marta Spocinska
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Monique Slawik
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Loreto Parga-Vidal
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, The University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Regina Stark
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, The University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Wiendl
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Rath
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Moritz Leppkes
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai Hildner
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rocío López-Posadas
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sören Lukassen
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Clemens Neufert
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, The University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, The University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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