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Yang J, Li J, Li S, Yang Y, Su H, Guo H, Lei J, Wang Y, Wen K, Li X, Zhang S, Wang Z. Effects of HOX family regulator-mediated modification patterns and immunity characteristics on tumor-associated cell type in endometrial cancer. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:32. [PMID: 39138733 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (UCEC) is one of three major malignant tumors in women. The HOX gene regulates tumor development. However, the potential roles of HOX in the expression mechanism of multiple cell types and in the development and progression of tumor microenvironment (TME) cell infiltration in UCEC remain unknown. In this study, we utilized both the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database to analyze transcriptome data of 529 patients with UCEC based on 39 HOX genes, combing clinical information, we discovered HOX gene were a pivotal factor in the development and progression of UCEC and in the formation of TME diversity and complexity. Here, a new scoring system was developed to quantify individual HOX patterns in UCEC. Our study found that patients in the low HOX score group had abundant anti-tumor immune cell infiltration, good tumor differentiation, and better prognoses. In contrast, a high HOX score was associated with blockade of immune checkpoints, which enhances the response to immunotherapy. The Real-Time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) exhibited a higher expression of the HOX gene in the tumor patients. We revealed that the significant upregulation of the HOX gene in the epithelial cells can activate signaling pathway associated with tumour invasion and metastasis through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), such as nucleotide metabolic proce and so on. Finally, a risk prognostic model established by the positive relationship between HOX scores and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can predict the prognosis of individual patients by scRNA-seq and transcriptome data sets. In sum, HOX gene may serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prediction of UCEC and to develop more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaoLin Yang
- Department of Gynecology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - JinPeng Li
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - SuFen Li
- Department of Gynecology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - YuTong Yang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - HuanCheng Su
- Department of Gynecology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - HongRui Guo
- Department of Gynecology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jing Lei
- Department of Gynecology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - YaLin Wang
- Department of Gynecology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - KaiTing Wen
- Department of Gynecology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Gynecology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - SanYuan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Gynecology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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Pei XZ, Cai M, Jiang DW, Chen SH, Wang QQ, Lu HM, Lu YF. FAM53B promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma metastasis by regulating macrophage M2 polarization. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:1479-1499. [PMID: 38660645 PMCID: PMC11037046 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study investigated the role of FAM53B in regulating macrophage M2 polarization and its potential mechanisms in promoting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) metastasis. AIM To further investigate the role of FAM53B in regulating macrophage M2 polarization and its potential mechanism in promoting PDAC metastasis. Our goal is to determine how FAM53B affects macrophage M2 polarization and to define its underlying mechanism in PDAC metastasis. METHODS Cell culture and various experiments, including protein analysis, immunohistochemistry, and animal model experiments, were conducted. We compared FAM53B expression between PDAC tissues and healthy tissues and assessed the correlation of FAM53B expression with clinical features. Our study analyzed the role of FAM53B in macrophage M2 polarization in vitro by examining the expression of relevant markers. Finally, we used a murine model to study the role of FAM53B in PDAC metastasis and analyzed the potential underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Our research showed that there was a significant increase in FAM53B levels in PDAC tissues, which was linked to adverse tumor features. Experimental findings indicated that FAM53B can enhance macrophage M2 polarization, leading to increased anti-inflammatory factor release. The results from the mouse model further supported the role of FAM53B in PDAC metastasis, as blocking FAM53B prevented tumor cell invasion and metastasis. CONCLUSION FAM53B promotes PDAC metastasis by regulating macrophage M2 polarization. This discovery could lead to the development of new strategies for treating PDAC. For example, interfering with the FAM53B signaling pathway may prevent cancer spread. Our research findings also provide important information for expanding our understanding of PDAC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Zeng Pei
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Min Cai
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Da-Wei Jiang
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Song-Hai Chen
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qing-Qing Wang
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui-Min Lu
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi-Fan Lu
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
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3
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Yang J, Kang H, Lyu L, Xiong W, Hu Y. A target map of clinical combination therapies in oncology: an analysis of clinicaltrials.gov. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:151. [PMID: 37603124 PMCID: PMC10441974 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00758-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination therapies have taken center stage for cancer treatment, however, there is a lack of a comprehensive portrait to quantitatively map the current clinical combination progress. This study aims to capture clinical combination therapies of the validated FDA-approved new oncology drugs by a macro data analysis and to summarize combination mechanisms and strategies in the context of the existing literature. A total of 72 new molecular entities or new therapeutic biological products for cancer treatment approved by the FDA from 2017 to 2021 were identified, and the data on their related 3334 trials were retrieved from the database of ClinicalTrials.gov. Moreover, these sampled clinical trials were refined by activity status and combination relevance and labeled with the relevant clinical arms and drug combinations, as well as drug targets and target pairs. Combination therapies are increasingly prevalent in clinical trials of new oncology drugs. From retrospective work, existing clinical combination therapies in oncology are driven by different patterns (i.e., rational design and industry trends). The former can be represented by mechanism-based or structure-based combinations, such as targeting different domains of HER2 protein or in-series co-targeting in RAF plus MEK inhibitors. The latter is an empirically driven strategy, including redundant combinations in hot targets, such as PD-1/PD-L1, PI3K, CDK4/6, and PARP. Because of an explosion in the number of clinical trials and the resultant shortage of available patients, it is essential to rationally design drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Heming Kang
- DPM, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Room 1049, E12, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Liyang Lyu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
- DPM, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Room 1049, E12, Macao SAR, 999078, China.
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4
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Gautam SK, Batra SK, Jain M. Molecular and metabolic regulation of immunosuppression in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:118. [PMID: 37488598 PMCID: PMC10367391 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppression is a hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), contributing to early metastasis and poor patient survival. Compared to the localized tumors, current standard-of-care therapies have failed to improve the survival of patients with metastatic PDAC, that necessecitates exploration of novel therapeutic approaches. While immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and therapeutic vaccines have emerged as promising treatment modalities in certain cancers, limited responses have been achieved in PDAC. Therefore, specific mechanisms regulating the poor response to immunotherapy must be explored. The immunosuppressive microenvironment driven by oncogenic mutations, tumor secretome, non-coding RNAs, and tumor microbiome persists throughout PDAC progression, allowing neoplastic cells to grow locally and metastasize distantly. The metastatic cells escaping the host immune surveillance are unique in molecular, immunological, and metabolic characteristics. Following chemokine and exosomal guidance, these cells metastasize to the organ-specific pre-metastatic niches (PMNs) constituted by local resident cells, stromal fibroblasts, and suppressive immune cells, such as the metastasis-associated macrophages, neutrophils, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The metastatic immune microenvironment differs from primary tumors in stromal and immune cell composition, functionality, and metabolism. Thus far, multiple molecular and metabolic pathways, distinct from primary tumors, have been identified that dampen immune effector functions, confounding the immunotherapy response in metastatic PDAC. This review describes major immunoregulatory pathways that contribute to the metastatic progression and limit immunotherapy outcomes in PDAC. Overall, we highlight the therapeutic vulnerabilities attributable to immunosuppressive factors and discuss whether targeting these molecular and immunological "hot spots" could improve the outcomes of PDAC immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra K Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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Chen Q, Yin H, Liu S, Shoucair S, Ding N, Ji Y, Zhang J, Wang D, Kuang T, Xu X, Yu J, Wu W, Pu N, Lou W. Prognostic value of tumor-associated N1/N2 neutrophil plasticity in patients following radical resection of pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005798. [PMID: 36600557 PMCID: PMC9730407 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an integral part of the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor-associated neutrophils play a crucial role in tumor development. The objective of this study was to investigate the plasticity of tumor-associated N1 and N2 neutrophils in the TME of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), along with its impact on survival and association with immune infiltrations. METHODS The primary and validation cohorts including 90 radical resection patients from September 2012 to May 2016 and 29 radical resection patients from September 2018 to October 2019, respectively, with complete survival data, were enrolled. Immunofluorescence staining was used to identify tumor-associated N1 and N2 neutrophils, and the N1/N2 ratio was used to evaluate N1 and N2 plasticity. Thereafter, the association between tumor-associated N1/N2 neutrophil plasticity, clinical features, and immune infiltrations was investigated. RESULTS There was a significant increase in tumor-associated N2 neutrophils compared with tumor-associated N1 neutrophils. Low N1/N2 ratios were associated with the poorer differentiation of tumors, easier lymph node metastases, and a higher TNM stage. The median overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of the high tumor-associated N1 neutrophil group were significantly longer than those of the low group, while the tumor-associated N2 neutrophils played an opposite role. The multivariable analysis revealed that a high N1/N2 ratio was a significant prognostic indicator for OS and RFS. In addition, tumor-associated N1/N2 neutrophils showed an opposite correlation with tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and Tregs. CONCLUSION The plasticity of tumor-associated N1/N2 neutrophils was identified as a crucial prognostic indicator that might reflect the TME and immune escape in patients with PDAC. On further investigation and validation, our findings may be used to further stratify patients with varying prognoses to optimize treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangda Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanlin Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sami Shoucair
- Department of Surgery, MedStar Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ni Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jicheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dansong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantao Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wenchuan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Pu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Lou
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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