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Li HL, Li H, Cao YF, Qi Y, Wang WQ, Liu SQ, Yang CD, Yu XY, Xu T, Zhu Y, Chen W, Tao JL, Li XW. Effects of keto acid supplements on Chinese patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis: a prospective, randomized, controlled, single-center clinical study. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:9-16. [PMID: 31923099 PMCID: PMC7028198 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of keto acid (KA) supplements on Chinese patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of KA supplementation on nutritional status, inflammatory markers, and bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) parameters in a cohort of Chinese patients with MHD without malnutrition. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized, controlled, single-center clinical study conducted in 2011 till 2014. Twenty-nine patients with MHD were randomly assigned to a control (n = 14) or a KA (n = 15) group. The control group maintained a dietary protein intake of 0.9 g/kg/day. The KA group received additional KA supplement (0.1 g/kg/day). BIA was used to determine the lean tissue mass, adipose tissue mass, and body cell mass. The patients' nutritional status, dialysis adequacy, and biochemical parameters were assessed at the ends of the third and sixth months with t test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS The daily total energy intake for both groups was about 28 kcal/kg/day. After 6 months, the Kt/V (where K is the dialyzer clearance of urea, t is the dialysis time, and V is the volume of the distribution of urea) was 1.33 ± 0.25 in KA group, and 1.34 ± 0.25 in the control group. The median triceps skin-fold thickness in KA group was 12.00 and 9.00 mm in the control group. In addition, the median hand-grip strength in KA group was 21.10 and 25.65 kg in the control group. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the anthropometry parameters, dialysis adequacy, serum calcium and phosphorus levels, inflammatory markers, and amino-acid profiles, or in relation to the parameters determined by BIA. Both groups achieved dialysis adequacy and maintained nutritional status during the study. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of Chinese patients with MHD, the patients in the control group whose dietary protein intake was 0.9 g/kg/day and total energy intake was 28 kcal/kg/day, maintained well nutritional status during study period. The KA supplement (0.1 g/kg/day) did not improve the essential amino acid/non-essential amino acid ratio, nor did it change the patients' mineral metabolism, inflammatory parameters, or body compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical College Affiliated First Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yi-Fu Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Shijiazhuang Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical College Affiliated Second Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Wei-Qi Wang
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shi-Qin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chen-Die Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Qiqihar Medical College Affiliated Third Hospital, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jian-Ling Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xue-Wang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Fouque D, Chen J, Chen W, Garneata L, Hwang SJ, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kopple JD, Mitch WE, Piccoli G, Teplan V, Chauveau P. Adherence to ketoacids/essential amino acids-supplemented low protein diets and new indications for patients with chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2016; 17:63. [PMID: 27388899 PMCID: PMC4936289 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-016-0278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low protein diets (LPD) have long been prescribed to chronic kidney disease patients with the goals of improving metabolic abnormalities and postpone the start of maintenance dialysis. METHODS We reviewed the recent literature addressing low protein diets supplemented with ketoacids/essential aminoacids prescribed during chronic kidney disease and their effects on metabolic, nutritional and renal parameters since 2013. RESULTS We show new information on how to improve adherence to these diets, on metabolic improvement and delay of the dialysis needs, and preliminary data in chronic kidney disease associated pregnancy. In addition, data on incremental dialysis have been reviewed, as well as potential strategies to reverse protein energy wasting in patients undergoing maintenance dialysis. CONCLUSION These recent data help to better identify the use of low protein diets supplemented with ketoacids/essential aminoacids during chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Fouque
- UCBL, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, University Lyon, Carmen, Cens, F-69622, Lyon, France. .,Department Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Chemin du grand revoyet, 69495, Pierre Bénite, France.
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liliana Garneata
- Department Nephrology and Internal Medicine, Dr Carol Davila Hospital of Nephrology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S J Hwang
- Division Nephrology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Division Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Deparment Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joel D Kopple
- Division Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William E Mitch
- Nephrology Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giorgina Piccoli
- SS Nephrology, ASOU San Luigi, Departmentt of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Vladimir Teplan
- Department Nephrol, Institute Clin Exp Med, Transpl Centre, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Philippe Chauveau
- Service de Néphrologie, CHU de Bordeaux & Aurad-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
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