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Rizza V, Maranta F, Cianfanelli L, Cartella I, Maisano F, Alfieri O, Cianflone D. Subacute postoperative atrial fibrillation after heart surgery: Incidence and predictive factors in cardiac rehabilitation. J Arrhythm 2024; 40:67-75. [PMID: 38333376 PMCID: PMC10848578 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is the most common arrhythmia following cardiac surgery (CS). It may occur between the 1st and the 4th postoperative day as acute POAF or between the 5th and the 30th as subacute (sPOAF). sPOAF is associated with higher thromboembolic risk, which consistently increase patients' morbidity. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a low-cost inflammatory index proposed as possible POAF predictor. Identification of patients' risk categories might lead to improved postoperative outcomes. Methods The aim was to assess the incidence of sPOAF and to identify possible predictors in patients performing cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) after CS. A single-center cohort study was performed on 737 post-surgical patients admitted to CR on sinus rhythm. Continuous monitoring with 12-lead ECG telemetry was performed. We evaluated the predictive role of anamnestic, clinical, and laboratory data, including baseline NLR. Results Subacute POAF was documented in 170 cases (23.1%). At the multivariate analysis, age (OR 1.03; p = .001), mitral valve surgery (OR 1.77; p = .012), acute POAF (OR 2.97; p < .001), and NLR at baseline (OR 1.13; p = .042) were found to be independent predictive factors of sPOAF following heart surgery. Conclusions sPOAF is common after CS. Age, mitral valve procedures, acute POAF, and preoperative NLR were proved to increase sPOAF occurrence in CR. NLR is an affordable and reliable parameter which might be used to qualify the risk of arrhythmias at CR admission. Identification of new predictors of postoperative atrial fibrillation may allow to improve patients' prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Rizza
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
- Cardiac Rehabilitation UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Francesco Maranta
- Cardiac Rehabilitation UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Lorenzo Cianfanelli
- Cardiac Rehabilitation UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Iside Cartella
- School of Medicine and SurgeryMilano‐Bicocca UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Francesco Maisano
- Cardiac Surgery UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Ottavio Alfieri
- Cardiac Surgery UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Domenico Cianflone
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
- Cardiac Rehabilitation UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
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Fleet H, Pilcher D, Bellomo R, Coulson TG. Predicting atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a scoping review of associated factors and systematic review of existing prediction models. Perfusion 2023; 38:92-108. [PMID: 34405746 DOI: 10.1177/02676591211037025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is common after cardiac surgery and associated with increased hospital length of stay, patient morbidity and mortality. We aimed to identify factors associated with POAF and evaluate the accuracy of available POAF prediction models. METHODS We screened articles from Ovid MEDLINE® and PubMed Central® (PMC) and included studies that evaluated risk factors associated with POAF or studies that designed or validated POAF prediction models. We only included studies in cardiac surgical patients with sample size n ⩾ 50 and a POAF outcome group ⩾20. We summarised factors that were associated with POAF and assessed prediction model performance by reviewing reported calibration and discriminative ability. RESULTS We reviewed 232 studies. Of these, 142 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Age was frequently found to be associated with POAF, while most other variables showed contradictory findings, or were assessed in few studies. Overall, 15 studies specifically developed and/or validated 12 prediction models. Of these, all showed poor discrimination or absent calibration in predicting POAF in externally validated cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Except for age, reporting of factors associated with POAF is inconsistent and often contradictory. Prediction models have low discrimination, missing calibration statistics, are at risk of bias and show limited clinical applicability. This suggests the need for studies that prospectively collect AF relevant data in large cohorts and then proceed to validate findings in external data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Fleet
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Pilcher
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rinaldo Bellomo
- Centre for Integrated Critical Care, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tim G Coulson
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Integrated Critical Care, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anaesthesia, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Oh AR, Lee SH, Park J, Lee JH, Cha D, Yang K, Choi JH, Ahn J, Sung JD, Choi B, Lee SH. Preoperative left atrial volume index may be associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation in non-cardiac surgery. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1008718. [PMID: 36407453 PMCID: PMC9669716 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1008718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is related to mortality after non-cardiac surgery. Left atrial volume index (LAVI) is known to be associated with prognosis and development of atrial fibrillation, but it has not been fully investigated in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 203,787 consecutive adult patients underwent non-cardiac surgery at our institution between January 2011 and June 2019. After identifying those with available LAVI estimated during preoperative echocardiography, we divided them into those with LAVI higher and lower than 34 mL/m2. The primary outcome was incidence of POAF. RESULTS A total of 83,097 patients were enrolled in this study. The study patients were divided into the low (57,838 [69.6%]) and high (25,259 [30.4%]) LAVI groups. After an adjustment, higher LAVI was associated with increased incidence of POAF (5.1% vs. 8.1%; odds ratio [OR], 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25-1.41; p < 0.001). In 24,549 pairs of propensity-score-matched population, the result was similar (6.2% vs. 7.9%; OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.21-1.39; p < 0.001). The estimated threshold of LAVI associated with POAF was 36.4 mL/m2 with an area under the curve of 0.571. Subgroup analysis in non-thoracic and thoracic surgery showed that the association between preoperative LAVI and POAF significantly interacted with diastolic dysfunction (p for interaction < 0.001), and the observed association was valid in patients without diastolic dysfunction. CONCLUSION Preoperative LAVI was shown to be associated with POAF in non-cardiac surgery. Our result needs verification in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Ran Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sung Ho Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungchan Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dahye Cha
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwangmo Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joonghyun Ahn
- Statistics and Data Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Dong Sung
- Rehabilitation and Prevention Center, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bogeum Choi
- College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hwa Lee
- Rehabilitation and Prevention Center, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Goulden CJ, Hagana A, Ulucay E, Zaman S, Ahmed A, Harky A. Optimising risk factors for atrial fibrillation post-cardiac surgery. Perfusion 2021; 37:675-683. [PMID: 34034586 DOI: 10.1177/02676591211019319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is an ongoing complication following cardiac surgery, with an incidence of 15%-60%. It is associated with substantial mortality and morbidity, as well increased hospital stays and healthcare costs. The pathogenesis is not fully understood, but the literature suggests that POAF occurs when transient, postoperative triggers act on vulnerable atrial tissue produced by preoperative, procedure-induced and postoperative processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress, autonomic dysfunction and electrophysiological remodelling of the atrial tissues. This sets the stage for arrhythmogenic mechanisms, such as ectopic firing secondary to triggered activity and re-entry mechanisms generating POAF. Preoperative factors include advanced age, sex, ethnicity, cardiovascular risk factors, preoperative drugs, electrocardiogram and echocardiogram abnormalities. Procedural factors include: the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross clamp, type of cardiac surgery, use of hypothermia, left ventricular venting, bicaval cannulation and exclusion of the left atrial appendage. Postoperative factors include postoperative drugs, electrolyte and fluid balance and infection. This review explores the pathogenesis of POAF and the contribution of these perioperative factors in the development of POAF. Patients can be risk stratified for targeted treatment and prophylaxis, and how these factors can be attenuated to improve POAF outcomes following cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Goulden
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Arwa Hagana
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Edagul Ulucay
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sadia Zaman
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Amna Ahmed
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Amer Harky
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Liverpool Heart and Chest, Liverpool, UK
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Kawczynski MJ, Gilbers M, Van De Walle S, Schalla S, Crijns HJ, Maessen JG, Schotten U, Maesen B, Bidar E. Role of pre-operative transthoracic echocardiography in predicting post-operative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Europace 2021; 23:1731-1743. [PMID: 34000038 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the role of pre-operative transthoracic echocardiography in predicting post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after cardiac surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS Electronic databases were searched for studies reporting on pre-operative echocardiographic predictors of POAF in PubMed, Cochrane library, and Embase. A meta-analysis of echocardiographic predictors of POAF that were identified by at least five different publications was performed. Forty-three publications were included in this systematic review. Echocardiographic predictors for POAF included surrogate parameters for total atrial conduction time (TACT), structural cardiac changes, and functional disturbances. Meta-analysis showed that prolonged pre-operative PA-TDI interval [5 studies, Cohen's d = 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9-1.9], increased left atrial volume indexed for body surface area (LAVI) (23 studies, Cohen's d = 0.8, 95% CI 0.6-1.0), and reduced peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) (5 studies, Cohen's d = 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-1.8), were associated with POAF incidence. Left atrial volume indexed for body surface was the most important predicting factor in patients without a history of AF. These parameters remained important predictors of POAF in heterogeneous populations with variable age and comorbidities such as coronary artery disease and valvular disease. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis shows that increased TACT, increased LAVI, and reduced PALS are valuable parameters for predicting POAF in the early post-operative phase in a large variety of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal J Kawczynski
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre Maastricht University Medical Centre, Professor Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Gilbers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre Maastricht University Medical Centre, Professor Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Van De Walle
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre Maastricht University Medical Centre, Professor Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Schalla
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry J Crijns
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos G Maessen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre Maastricht University Medical Centre, Professor Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Schotten
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Maesen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre Maastricht University Medical Centre, Professor Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elham Bidar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre Maastricht University Medical Centre, Professor Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Capdeville M, Hargrave J, Patel PA, Patel KM, Desai RG, Trivedi KC, Feinman JW, Garner C, Fernando RJ, Gordon EK, Augoustides JG. Contemporary Challenges for Fellowship Training in Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology: Perspectives From Program Directors Around the United States. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 34:2047-2059. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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