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Fuke N, Diep NV, Hirai T, Suwanruengsri M, Izzati UZ, Yamaguchi R. Three neoplasms in a Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra): malignant melanoma, trichoblastoma and mammary gland adenoma. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1661-1665. [PMID: 34526419 PMCID: PMC8636881 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An eighteen-year-old female Eurasian otter became emaciated and died. Necropsy examination revealed nose and thoracic cutaneous masses, abdominal subcutaneous mass, and multiple nodules in the liver and lungs. Malignant melanoma was found in the nose cutaneous mass and to have metastasized to the liver, lungs, kidneys, adrenal glands, mammary glands and left mandibular lymph node. The neoplastic cells were labeled for vimentin, melanoma, and S100. The cutaneous mass in the thoracic area consisted of spindle shaped neoplastic epithelial cells and was diagnosed as trichoblastoma. Mammary gland adenoma was observed in the abdominal subcutaneous mass. This is the first report of primary three neoplasms of malignant melanoma, trichoblastoma and mammary gland adenoma in a Eurasian otter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Fuke
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Nguyen Van Diep
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Takuya Hirai
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Mathurot Suwanruengsri
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Uda Zahli Izzati
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yamaguchi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Abstract
Melanocyte differentiation antigens, such as gp100, tyrosinase, and Melan-A and their corresponding antibodies HMB45, T311, and A103, are major diagnostic tools in surgical pathology. Little is known about tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2, or dopachrome tautomerase/DCT) another melanocyte differentiation antigen, which is an enzymatic component of melanogenesis. We identified a commercial reagent to TRP-2, monoclonal antibody (mAb) C-9 and undertook a comprehensive analysis to assess its specificity and usefulness for surgical pathology. Subsequently, we analyzed panels of normal tissues and tumors. We show that TRP-2 is regularly expressed in melanocytes of the normal skin. In cutaneous nevi, TRP-2 is present in junctional as well as in dermal nevocytes. In malignant tumors, C-9 reactivity is restricted to melanocytic and related lesions and present in 84% and 58% of primary and metastatic melanomas, respectively. Ten primary melanomas of the anorectal mucosa were all positive. Like the other melanocyte differentiation antigens, TRP-2 was absent in 6 desmoplastic melanomas. Also, only 2 of 9 angiomyolipomas were TRP-2 positive. We conclude that mAb C-9 is a valuable reagent for the analysis of TRP-2 expression in archival surgical pathology material. The expression pattern of TRP-2 in melanocytic and related lesions appears to parallel other melanocyte differentiation antigens, although the overall incidence is lower than other antigens, such as Melan-A or gp100.
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Tran T, Burt D, Eapen L, Keller OR. Spontaneous regression of metastatic melanoma after inoculation with tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis vaccine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 20:e270-3. [PMID: 23737697 DOI: 10.3747/co.20.1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous regression of metastatic melanoma is an exceedingly rare event, with only 76 well-documented cases in the literature since 1866. Here, we present the case of a patient who developed metastatic melanoma despite interferon therapy and who then achieved spontaneous regression shortly after a reaction to tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis vaccination. A common theme among these cases is the development of febrile illness before remission of the malignant disease. A brief overview of proposed mechanisms for these miraculous recoveries is presented, including a highlight on the potential role of the herv-k-mel viral marker, a nona- or decapeptide that appears in most melanomas, with homologies to peptides in pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tran
- Internal Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON
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Heckers KO, Aupperle H, Schmidt V, Pees M. Melanophoromas and iridophoromas in reptiles. J Comp Pathol 2011; 146:258-68. [PMID: 21864845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Chromatophoromas are tumours of pigment-producing cells of the skin and are rarely reported in reptiles. These tumours are subclassified on the basis of the type of pigment. The present study characterizes chromatophoromas arising in 26 reptiles, including six snakes, 19 lizards and a tortoise. These include the first reports of melanophoromas in a yellow anaconda (Eunectes notaeus), pigmy rattlesnake (Sistrurus spp.), southern water snake (Nerodia fasciata), veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus) and leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius); the first reports of benign iridophoromas in a savannah monitor (Varanus exanthematicus), veiled chameleon and bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps); and the first description of a malignant iridophoroma in a bearded dragon. Additionally, in three bearded dragons a 'mucinous' type of melanophoroma is described for the first time. Chromatophoromas generally arose from the skin of the body and head and ranged in size from 0.2 to 2.0cm in diameter. In six cases the animals were humanely destroyed immediately after diagnosis. Three further animals were humanely destroyed following recurrence of their tumour. Six of these nine reptiles had visceral metastases. Grossly, melanophoromas (n=20) were grey or black, while iridophoromas (n=6) were white in colour. Microscopically, most of the tumours were composed of spindle cells with varying pigmentation and 0-2 mitoses per 10 high power fields. Six of the 20 melanophoromas were classified as malignant due to the presence of intravascular tumour cells, visceral metastases, high pleomorphism and/or mitotic figures. Five of the six iridophoromas were classified as benign and the one malignant tumour was defined by the presence of intravascular tumour cells and visceral metastases. Immunohistochemically, melan A and S100 were coexpressed by all of the chromatophoromas.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Heckers
- LABOKLIN, Labor für klinische Diagnostik, Steubenstr. 4, 97688 Bad Kissingen, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Ramos-Vara JA, Miller MA. Immunohistochemical Identification of Canine Melanocytic Neoplasms With Antibodies to Melanocytic Antigen PNL2 and Tyrosinase. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:443-50. [PMID: 20858741 DOI: 10.1177/0300985810382095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The immunoreactivity of PNL2 and antityrosinase in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded canine melanocytic neoplasms ( n = 101) was compared with that of Melan A. Of the 113 samples overall, 106 were positive for PNL2, 101 for Melan A, and 90 for tyrosinase. Six melanomas that were positive for PNL2 were negative for Melan A; 1 melanoma that was negative for PNL2 was positive for Melan A. Eighty tumors were positive for all 3 markers; 111 reacted with at least 1 the 3 antibodies. Decalcification with formic acid for up to 1 week did not affect immunoreactivity of any of the markers; however, decalcification with HCl for 1 day or 1 week notably decreased or completely abrogated immunoreactivity for Melan A and PNL2. There was only minor loss of immunoreactivity for tyrosinase in tissues decalcified with HCl for 1 week. Prolonged fixation (up to 2 months) did not affect PNL2 or tyrosinase immunoreactivity; however, Melan A immunoreactivity was reduced after 1 month of fixation. PNL2 was not expressed in 120 nonmelanocytic tumors (carcinomas, sarcomas, steroid-producing tumors, and leukocytic tumors). In summary, antibody PNL2 is slightly more sensitive than Melan A and more sensitive than tyrosinase in the identification of canine melanocytic neoplasms. Furthermore, PNL2 does not appear to cross-react with nonmelanocytic neoplasms. PNL2 is resistant to prolonged fixation but sensitive to strong decalcification. Results indicate that PNL2 is an excellent marker in the identification of canine melanomas and that the sensitivity is close to 100% when used in conjunction with Melan A and tyrosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Ramos-Vara
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - M. A. Miller
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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Paulitschke V, Kunstfeld R, Mohr T, Slany A, Micksche M, Drach J, Zielinski C, Pehamberger H, Gerner C. Entering a New Era of Rational Biomarker Discovery for Early Detection of Melanoma Metastases: Secretome Analysis of Associated Stroma Cells. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:2501-10. [DOI: 10.1021/pr8010827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Paulitschke
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Rainer Kunstfeld
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Astrid Slany
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Michael Micksche
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Johannes Drach
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Christoph Zielinski
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Hubert Pehamberger
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
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