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Shaker N, Blankenship H, Shaker N, Alhalaseh Y, Niu S, Mansoor I, Shakra RA, Sangueza OP. Pseudoangiomatous Spindle Cell Lipoma: A Rare and Distinct Pattern of Lipomatous Tumors. Int J Surg Pathol 2024; 32:1046-1050. [PMID: 37908107 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231211337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoangiomatous spindle cell lipoma is a rare pattern within the spindle cell lipoma spectrum that exhibits a remarkable histological pattern characterized by its resemblance to vascular lesions, creating a pseudoangiomatous appearance. Approximately 20 to 30 reports have been described in the literature. In this context, we present an intriguing report of pseudoangiomatous spindle cell lipoma showcasing a unique low-fat pseudo angiomatous pattern in a 61-year-old male patient presented with a 6-cm subcutaneous mass on his right arm, which was thoroughly investigated and subsequently excised. Microscopic examination revealed bland spindle cells infiltrates within a fibromyxoid stroma. Notably, the tumor exhibited distinctive branching and dilated vascular-like spaces that formed pseudopapillary (villiform) projections. Interestingly, the tumor displayed certain regions featuring mature adipose tissue components, alongside hyalinized blood vessels. No necrosis, atypical spindle cells, increased mitotic activity, or pleomorphic lipoblasts were observed. The immunohistochemical evaluation demonstrated diffuse positive staining for CD34 and negative staining for STAT6. This report of a low-fat pattern of pseudoangiomatous spindle cell lipoma underscores the importance of recognizing and characterizing rare entity subtype for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. This report contributes to the expanding understanding of the diverse presentations of pseudo angiomatous spindle cell lipomas and underscores the significance of comprehensive histopathological assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Shaker
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Heath Blankenship
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Nuha Shaker
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yazan Alhalaseh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Shuo Niu
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ibrahim Mansoor
- Department of Pathology, International Medical Center Hospital, Al-Ruwais, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafat Abu Shakra
- Department of Pathology, International Medical Center Hospital, Al-Ruwais, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar P Sangueza
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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Qu H, Liu N, Liang H, Wang Y, Zhuang H, Li H. Aggressive angiomyxoma of female pelvis and perineum: Retrospective study of 17 cases. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 298:165-170. [PMID: 38762952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aggressive angiomyxoma is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm characterized by a high recurrence rate, usually observed in the lower genital tract of women during their reproductive age. STUDY DESIGN Seventeen cases of aggressive angiomyxoma confirmed by pathology from January 2007 to December 2021 in Beijing Chao-yang Hospital were included. We collected clinical data and summarized the clinical and immunohistochemical features. RESULTS All seventeen included patients were females, aged between 23 and 57 years (mean, 37.7 years; median, 42 years). Fourteen patients were newly diagnosed and three were recurrent. The tumors were located in vulva (58.8 %), vagina (23.5 %), buttock (11.8 %), and cervix (5.9 %). The tumors size were 2 to 15 cm in greatest dimension (mean 8 ± 4.4 cm, median 6 cm). Follow-up data was available for nine patients, which ranged from 25 to 124 months (mean, 82 months; median, 80 months). At the end of follow-up, no other recurrence or metastasis was reported. Immunohistochemical analysis showed immunoreactive for estrogen (10/11) and progesterone (8/11) receptor, desmin (6/8), smooth muscle actin (4/10), and vimentin (4/4), S-100 (1/8) and CD34 (1/7). The Ki67 level was less than 5 % in five cases. CONCLUSIONS AAM is a hormone-sensitive, distinct rare mesenchymal neoplasm with high incidence of local recurrence. Surgery is the preferred treatment, with complete resection being an essential prerequisite for minimizing the risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huamao Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyu Zhuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Mishina A, Petrovici V, Foca E, Mishin I. Pedunculated angiomyofibroblastoma of the vulva. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 310:599-601. [PMID: 38483638 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mishina
- Department of Surgical Gynecology, Institute of Mother and Child, Str. Muncheshty 52, Apt. 60, 2001, Chisinau, Moldova.
| | - Vergil Petrovici
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Mother and Child, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Ecaterina Foca
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Mother and Child, Chisinau, Moldova
- "Nicolae Testemitanu" State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Igor Mishin
- "Nicolae Testemitanu" State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
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Mishina A, Petrovici V, Mishin I. Massive cellular angiofibroma of the vulva. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:1665-1667. [PMID: 37819477 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mishina
- Department of Surgical Gynecology, Institute of Mother and Child, Str. Muncheshty 52, Apt. 60, 2001, Chisinau, Moldova.
| | - Vergil Petrovici
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Mother and Child, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Igor Mishin
- "Nicolae Testemitanu" State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
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Cardenas Lara FJ, Bauzon JS, Perry WRG, Kelley SR. Aggressive Angiomyxoma of the Pelvis: 35-Year Experience. Dis Colon Rectum 2024; 67:514-522. [PMID: 38100620 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000003152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressive angiomyxoma is a very rare mesenchymal tumor most commonly found in the pelvic and perineal regions. Although many are estrogen and progesterone hormone receptor positive, the pathogenesis is unknown. Due to its rarity, there is a paucity of literature relating to this pathology. This article presents a case series on the management of aggressive angiomyxoma of the pelvis. OBJECTIVE To present a 35-year experience managing aggressive angiomyxoma of the pelvis. DESIGN This was a retrospective single-system analysis. SETTINGS This study was conducted at a quaternary referral academic health care system. PATIENTS All patients treated for aggressive angiomyxoma of the pelvis. INTERVENTIONS All patients underwent surgical or medical management of their disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcomes were disease recurrence and mortality. Secondary outcomes included risk factors for recurrence. RESULTS A total of 32 patients (94% women) were identified with a median follow-up of 65 months. Thirty patients (94%) underwent operative resection and 2 patients were treated solely with medical management. Fifteen achieved an R0 resection (negative microscopic margins) at the index operation, of which 4 (27%) experienced tumor recurrence. There were no mortalities. No risk factors for disease recurrence were identified. LIMITATIONS Limitations to our study include its nonrandomized retrospective nature, single health care system experience, and small patient sample size. CONCLUSIONS Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare, slow-growing tumor with locally invasive features and a high potential for recurrence even after resection with negative margins. Imaging modalities such as CT or MRI should be obtained to aid in diagnosis and surgical planning. Workup should be paired with preoperative biopsy and testing for hormone receptor status, which can increase diagnostic accuracy and guide medical treatment. Close posttreatment surveillance is imperative to detect recurrence. See Video Abstract . ANGIOMIXOMA AGRESIVO DE PELVIS EXPERIENCIA DE AOS ANTECEDENTES:El angiomixoma agresivo es un tumor mesenquimal muy raro que se encuentra más comúnmente en las regiones pélvica y perineal. Aunque muchos son positivos para los receptores hormonales como el estrógeno y la progesterona, la patogénesis es aún desconocida. Debido a su rareza, existe escasa literatura relacionada con esta patología. Este artículo presenta una serie de casos sobre el tratamiento del angiomixoma agresivo de pelvis.OBJETIVO:Presentar una experiencia de 35 años en el manejo del angiomixoma agresivo de pelvis.DISEÑO:Este fue un análisis retrospectivo de sistema único.AJUSTES:Este estudio se llevó a cabo en un sistema de salud académico de referencia de nivel cuaternario.PACIENTES:Todos los pacientes tratados por angiomixoma agresivo de pelvis.INTERVENCIONES:Todos los pacientes se sometieron a tratamiento quirúrgico y/o médico de su enfermedad.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:Los resultados primarios fueron la recurrencia de la enfermedad y la mortalidad. Los resultados secundarios incluyeron factores de riesgo de recurrencia.RESULTADOS:Se identificaron un total de 32 pacientes (94% mujeres) con una mediana de seguimiento de 65 meses. Treinta (94%) fueron sometidos a resección quirúrgica y dos fueron tratados únicamente con tratamiento médico. Quince lograron una resección R0 (márgenes microscópicos negativos) en la operación inicial, de los cuales cuatro (27%) experimentaron recurrencia tumoral. No hubo mortalidades. No se identificaron factores de riesgo para la recurrencia de la enfermedad.LIMITACIONES:Las limitaciones de nuestro estudio incluyen su naturaleza retrospectiva no aleatoria, la experiencia de un solo sistema de atención médica y el tamaño pequeño de la muestra de pacientes.CONCLUSIONES:El angiomixoma agresivo es un tumor raro, de crecimiento lento, con características localmente invasivas y un alto potencial de recurrencia incluso después de una resección con márgenes negativos. Se deben obtener modalidades de imágenes como CT y/o MRI para la ayuda diagnóstica y la planificación quirúrgica. El estudio debe combinarse con una biopsia preoperatoria y pruebas del estado de los receptores hormonales, que pueden aumentar la precisión del diagnóstico y guiar el tratamiento médico. Es imperativa una estrecha vigilancia posterior al tratamiento para detectar recurrencia. (Traducción-Dr Osvaldo Gauto ).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William R G Perry
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Scott R Kelley
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Pinto V, Dellino M, Cicinelli R, Micheletti L, Ingravallo G, Cazzato G, Cascardi E, Cicinelli E. Multiple Vulvar Polyps in Pregnancy: A Benign Disease With a Challenging Diagnosis. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2023; 27:302-305. [PMID: 37201551 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Pinto
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Miriam Dellino
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Rossana Cicinelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Pathology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Gerardo Cazzato
- Pathology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Ettore Cicinelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Boyraz B, Tajiri R, Alwaqfi RR, Da Cruz Paula A, Ye Q, Nielsen GP, Hung YP, Oliva E, Weigelt B, Hisaoka M, Watkins JC. Vulvar angiomyofibroblastoma is molecularly defined by recurrent MTG1-CYP2E1 fusions. Histopathology 2022; 81:841-846. [PMID: 36177509 PMCID: PMC10335785 DOI: 10.1111/his.14813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMF), a rare benign vulvovaginal mesenchymal tumour, poses a diagnostic challenge due to histologic and immunohistochemical overlap with other vulvar mesenchymal tumours. Recently, MTG1-CYP2E1 fusion transcripts were reported in 5/5 AMFs; no other genetic alterations have been described to date. Herein, we sought to investigate the frequency of the MTG1-CYP2E1 fusion and the presence of other potential genetic alterations in a cohort of AMFs (n = 7, patient age range: 28-49 years). Tumours demonstrated classic morphologic features including alternating hypo/hypercellular areas, capillary channels surrounded by epithelioid/spindled tumour cells, and variable amounts of mature adipose tissue. reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for MTG1-CYP2E1 fusion, performed in all seven cases, showed the fusion transcript in five of six cases (one case with technical failure). Two tumours, including the one lacking the fusion, were subjected to targeted next-generation sequencing (104 genes) and a sarcoma fusion assay (28 genes); the fusion negative AMF also underwent RNA sequencing. No additional mutations, copy number alterations, or fusion genes were identified with the assays employed. We conclude that the majority of AMFs harbour recurrent MTG1-CYP2E1 fusion transcripts and identification of this fusion may aid in the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Boyraz
- James Homer Wright Pathology Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ryosuke Tajiri
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | | | - Qiqi Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - G. Petur Nielsen
- James Homer Wright Pathology Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yin P. Hung
- James Homer Wright Pathology Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Esther Oliva
- James Homer Wright Pathology Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Masanori Hisaoka
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Jaclyn C. Watkins
- James Homer Wright Pathology Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Tonai N, Nasu K, Yano M, Sato M, Kai K, Nishida M, Kawano Y. Prophylactic oophorectomy and aromatase inhibitors for premenopausal deep angiomyxoma: A case report and literature review. Exp Ther Med 2022; 25:3. [PMID: 36561620 PMCID: PMC9748652 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep angiomyxoma is a rare, infiltrative, hormone-dependent, benign-mesenchymal neoplasm that occurs in the deep soft tissues of the perineal regions. In total, 33% females with newly diagnosed deep angiomyxoma will typically relapse within 5 years after the standard treatment of radical resection. Postoperative hormone therapy is frequently administered to prevent recurrence, but the role of prophylactic oophorectomy in premenopausal women remain to be fully elucidated. In the present report, a 42-year-old Japanese woman was referred for a refractory Bartholin's cyst that is 14 cm in diameter. Based on the results of imaging (unenhanced CT and MRI) and histopathology, deep angiomyxoma was suspected, but no definitive diagnosis was possible. Tumor resection and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed before the postoperative diagnosis was confirmed to be deep angiomyxoma. The patient received an aromatase inhibitor (2.5 mg letrozole daily) as adjuvant hormonal therapy. There was no evidence of recurrence at the 1-year postoperative follow-up. In conclusion, prophylactic oophorectomy and postoperative adjuvant therapy with aromatase inhibitors may be a promising treatment option for deep angiomyxoma to optimize the outcome of surgical treatment. Long-term follow-up is required to monitor for the late and/or local recurrence of deep angiomyxoma and possible adverse effects of adjuvant hormonal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutomo Tonai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan,Correspondence to: Dr Nobutomo Tonai, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Kaei Nasu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan,Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Support System for Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Mitsutake Yano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Miho Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Masakazu Nishida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
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Croce S, Perret R, Le Loarer F. Update on Mesenchymal Lesions of the Lower Female Genital Tract. Surg Pathol Clin 2022; 15:341-367. [PMID: 35715165 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an update of the recent developments in mesenchymal tumors of lower genital tract. We focus on the characterization of recurrent molecular events in certain genital stromal tumors, for instance angiomyofibroblastomas and superficial myofibroblastomas. Moreover, fusions involving Tyrosine-kinases receptors (NTRK, FRFR1, RET, COL1A1-PDGFB) have been demonstrated in an emerging group of mesenchymal tumors characterized by a fibrosarcoma-like morphology and a predilection for uterine cervix of premenopausal women. We also cover the topic of smooth muscle tumors of the lower genital tract, which can be now classified using the same diagnostic criteria than their uterine counterpart..
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Croce
- Biopathology Department, Anticancer Center, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U 1218, Action Unit, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Raul Perret
- Biopathology Department, Anticancer Center, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U 1218, Action Unit, Bordeaux, France
| | - François Le Loarer
- Biopathology Department, Anticancer Center, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U 1218, Action Unit, Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
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Zeng J, Zhang L, Shi C, Luo L. Case Report: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Scrotal Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMF) With Pathologic Correlation. Front Surg 2022; 9:808488. [PMID: 35574560 PMCID: PMC9106126 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.808488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMF) is a rare benign myofibroblastic tumor that mainly occurs in the genital tract of middle-aged female patients. However, it can also arise in the scrotum, spermatic cord, and bladder. We described, herein, a case of a 42-year-old patient who was admitted to our hospital with a left scrotal mass. Imaging examinations showed that the mass had abundant vessels and displayed obvious progressive intensification on enhanced MRI. The following histopathological and immunohistochemical studies led to the diagnosis of AMF. Here, we describe the magnetic resonance imaging findings of a case of scrotal AMF. We hope that the information can help radiologists to identify AMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingtao Zhang
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changzheng Shi
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
- Changzheng Shi
| | - Liangping Luo
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liangping Luo
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Rastegar S, Aisner SC, Heller DS. Nonsquamous Lesions of the Vulvar Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue: A Review (Part 2). J Low Genit Tract Dis 2022; 26:156-163. [PMID: 35067584 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this second article was to complete part 1 review of nonsquamous lesions of the vulvar skin and subcutaneous tissue (Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease, 2021), clinically and pathologically, based on the fifth edition of the World Health Organization tumor classification. MATERIALS AND METHODS A database search of PubMed and Google Scholar was performed between 1970 and 2021, using the search terms "vulva," "lower genital tract," and "non-squamous lesions." The search was limited to "human gynecological pathology." Full article texts were reviewed, and reference lists were screened for additional articles. We excluded abstracts and articles written in the non-English language. RESULTS An initial list of 400 articles was identified. Thirty-seven articles discussed clinicopathological features of nonsquamous lesions of the vulvar skin and subcutaneous tissue. CONCLUSIONS Clinicopathological features of nonsquamous lesions of the vulvar skin and subcutaneous tissue as categorized by the updated World Health Organization classification are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Rastegar
- Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
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