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Mikkelsen C, Mori G, van Walraven SM, Castrén J, Zahra S, MacLennan S, Seidel K, Fontana S, Veropalumbo E, Cannata L, Pupella S, Kvist M, Happel M, Korkalainen P, Wulff B, Fernandez-Sojo J, Eguizabal C, Urbano F, Vesga MA, Pozenel P, van Kraaij M, Hansen MB, Slot E, Ullum H. Putting the spotlight on donation-related risks and donor safety - are we succeeding in protecting donors? Vox Sang 2020; 116:313-323. [PMID: 33103801 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The European consortium project TRANSPOSE (TRANSfusion and transplantation: PrOtection and SElection of donors) aimed to assess and evaluate the risks to donors of Substances of Human Origin (SoHO), and to identify gaps between current donor vigilance systems and perceived risks. MATERIALS AND METHODS National and local data from participating organizations on serious and non-serious adverse reactions in donors were collected from 2014 to 2017. Following this, a survey was performed among participants to identify risks not included in the data sets. Finally, participants rated the risks according to severity, level of evidence and prevalence. RESULTS Significant discrepancies between anticipated donor risks and the collected data were found. Furthermore, many participants reported that national data on adverse reactions in donors of stem cells, gametes, embryos and tissues were not routinely collected and/or available. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that there is a need to further develop and standardize donor vigilance in Europe and to include long-term risks to donors, which are currently underreported, ensuring donor health and securing the future supply of SoHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Gaia Mori
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sharon Zahra
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | | | - Stefano Fontana
- Interregional Blood Transfusion Service SRC, Berne and University of Lausanne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Eva Veropalumbo
- Centro Nazionale Sangue and Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Italy
| | - Livia Cannata
- Centro Nazionale Sangue and Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Italy
| | | | - Maria Kvist
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marjan Happel
- TRIP Hemovigilance and Biovigilance Office, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Birgit Wulff
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Cristina Eguizabal
- Bioef-Fundacion Vasca de Innovacion e Investigation Sanitarias-Osakidetza-Centro Vasco de Transfusión y Tejidos Humanos, Galdakao, Spain
| | - Fernando Urbano
- Bioef-Fundacion Vasca de Innovacion e Investigation Sanitarias-Osakidetza-Centro Vasco de Transfusión y Tejidos Humanos, Galdakao, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Vesga
- Bioef-Fundacion Vasca de Innovacion e Investigation Sanitarias-Osakidetza-Centro Vasco de Transfusión y Tejidos Humanos, Galdakao, Spain
| | - Primoz Pozenel
- Blood transfusion Center of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Morten Bagge Hansen
- Department of Clinical immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Ed Slot
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Clinical immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kobenhavn, Denmark
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Ingvorsen EB, Schnohr C, Andersen T, Lehrmann L, Funding E, Poulsen LH, Holm KB, Laursen AL, Gerstoft J, Bjorner JB. "Development in well-being and social function among Danish hemophilia patients with HIV: a three-wave panel study spanning 24 years". BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1714. [PMID: 31856778 PMCID: PMC6923887 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-8062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Between 1975 and 1985 a total of 91 Danish patients with moderate and severe hemophilia (PWH) was infected with HIV constituting a major scandal in the Danish health care system. This study describes the burden of HIV infection among Danish PWH by evaluating changes from 1988 to 2012 in well-being, social function, experiencing stigma and openness about disease among Danish HIV+ PWH. Methods Three anonymous surveys were conducted in 1988, 2001 and 2012 targeting all Danish patients with moderate to severe hemophilia. Survey responses were received from 53, 21 and 18 HIV+ PWH respectively. A matched comparison sample of HIV− PWH was identified for each survey-year, using propensity score matching. Differences for each survey-year and trends over time were analyzed using ordinal logistic regression. Results In 1988, HIV+ PWH had more psychosomatic symptoms than HIV− PWH, but in 2001 life satisfaction was higher among HIV+ PWH than among HIV− PWH. Tests of differences in trend over time showed larger improvements in life satisfaction among HIV+ PWH than HIV− PWH, while HIV− PWH showed an increase in educational level compared to HIV+ PWH. Analysis restricted to HIV+ PWH showed an increase in perceived stigmatization. Conclusions Differences between Danish HIV+ and HIV− PWH regarding well-being and psychosomatic symptoms seem to have evened out between 1988 and 2012. However, results suggest that HIV+ PWH still experience stigmatization and lower levels of education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie B Ingvorsen
- Department of Public Health Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, 1014 K, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Schnohr
- Department of Public Health Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, 1014 K, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Eva Funding
- Department of Hematology Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lone H Poulsen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Centre for thrombosis and hemostasis, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karen B Holm
- The Danish Haemophilia Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alex L Laursen
- Department of Infectious Diseases Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Gerstoft
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jakob B Bjorner
- Department of Public Health Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, 1014 K, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Optum Patient Insights, Johnston, RI, USA
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Verweij M, Kramer K. Donor blood screening and moral responsibility: how safe should blood be? JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2018; 44:187-191. [PMID: 26868666 DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2015-103338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Some screening tests for donor blood that are used by blood services to prevent transfusion-transmission of infectious diseases offer relatively few health benefits for the resources spent on them. Can good ethical arguments be provided for employing these tests nonetheless? This paper discusses-and ultimately rejects-three such arguments. According to the 'rule of rescue' argument, general standards for cost-effectiveness in healthcare may be ignored when rescuing identifiable individuals. The argument fails in this context, however, because we cannot identify beforehand who will benefit from additional blood screening tests. On the 'imposed risk' argument, general cost-effectiveness standards do not apply when healthcare interventions impose risks on patients. This argument ignores the fact that imposing risks on patients is inevitable in healthcare and that these risks can be countered only within reasonable limits. Finally, the 'manufacturing standard' argument premises that general cost-effectiveness standards do not apply to procedures preventing the contamination of manufactured medical products. We contend that while this argument seems reasonable insofar as commercially manufactured medical products are concerned, publicly funded blood screening tests should respect the standards for general healthcare. We conclude that these particular arguments are unpersuasive, and we offer directions to advance the debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Verweij
- Department of Communication, Philosophy and Technology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Koen Kramer
- Department of Communication, Philosophy and Technology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Sanquin Bloedvoorziening, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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4
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Risk perception of blood transfusions - a comparison of patients and allied healthcare professionals. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:122. [PMID: 29454340 PMCID: PMC5816539 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-2928-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to an increasing demand in health care services plans to substitute selective physician-conducted medical activities have become attractive. Because administration of a blood transfusion is a highly standardized procedure, it might be evaluated if obtaining a patient’s consent for a blood transfusion can be delegated to allied healthcare professionals. Physicians and patients perceive risks of transfusions differently. However, it is unknown how allied healthcare professionals perceive risks of transfusion-associated adverse events. Methods Patients (n = 506) and allied healthcare professionals (n = 185) of an academic teaching hospital were asked to quantify their concerns about transfusions including five predefined transfusion-associated risks and their incidences. Results Blood transfusions were considered to be generally harmful by 10.9% of patients and 14.6% of caregivers (P = 0.180). Among all surveyed patients, 36.8% were worried about infection-transmissions (caregivers: 27.6%; P = 0.024). Compared to 5.4% of caregivers, 13.6% of patients believed infection-transmission was a frequent complication (P = 0.003). Caregivers ranked the risks of receiving an AB0-mismatch transfusion (caregivers: 29.7% vs. patients: 19.2%, P = 0.003) or a transfusion-associated allergic reaction (caregivers: 17.3% vs. patients: 11.1%, P = 0.030) significantly higher than patients and were aware of the high incidence of transfusion-associated fever (caregivers: 17.8% vs. patients: 8.3%, P < 0.001). Conclusion A significant part of interviewees perceived transfusions as a general health hazard. Patients perceived infection-transmissions as the most frequent and greatest transfusion-associated threat while caregivers focused on fatal AB0-mismatch transfusions and allergic reactions. Understanding the patients’ main concerns about blood transfusions and considering that these concerns might differ from the view of healthcare professionals might improve the process of shared decision making. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-018-2928-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Butler RB, Cheadle A, Aschman DJ, Riske B, Senter S, McLaughlin KM, Young G, Ahuja S, Forsberg AD. National needs assessment of patients treated at the United States Federally-Funded Hemophilia Treatment Centers. Haemophilia 2015; 22:e11-7. [PMID: 26517156 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The National Hemophilia Program Coordinating Center, with the U.S. Regional Hemophilia Network conducted a national needs assessment of U.S. Hemophilia Treatment Center (HTC) patients. The objectives were to determine: (i) To what extent do patients report that they receive needed services and education; (ii) How well do the services provided meet their needs; and (iii) What are the patients' perspectives about their care. METHODS A survey was mailed to active patients of 129 HTCs. Respondents completed the anonymous surveys on line or returned them by mail. Questions focused on management and information, access and barriers to care, coping, resources, and transition. RESULTS Of 24 308 questionnaires mailed, 4004 (16.5%) were returned. Most respondents reported very few gaps in needed services or information and reported that services and information met their needs. Over 90% agreed or strongly agreed that care was patient-centred and rated HTC care as important or very important. Identified gaps included dietary advice, genetic testing, information on ageing, sexual health and basic needs resources. Minority respondents reported more barriers. CONCLUSION This survey is the largest assessment of the HTC population. Respondents reported that the services and information provided by the HTCs met their needs. Quality improvement opportunities include transition and services related to ageing and sexual health. Further investigation of barriers to care for minorities is underway. Results will help develop national priorities to better serve all patients in the US. HTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Butler
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Hemostasis and Thrombosis Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Cheadle
- Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D J Aschman
- National Hemophilia Program Coordinating Center, Riverwoods, IL, USA
| | - B Riske
- University of Colorado Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - S Senter
- Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K M McLaughlin
- Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - G Young
- Hemostasis and Thrombosis Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Ahuja
- Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A D Forsberg
- National Hemophilia Program Coordinating Center, Riverwoods, IL, USA
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Kramer K, Verweij MF, Zaaijer HL. An inventory of concerns behind blood safety policies in five Western countries. Transfusion 2015; 55:2816-25. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koen Kramer
- Department of Blood-borne Infections; Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation; Amsterdam
- the Department of Communication, Philosophy, and Technology; Wageningen University and Research Center; Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Marcel F. Verweij
- the Department of Communication, Philosophy, and Technology; Wageningen University and Research Center; Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Hans L. Zaaijer
- Department of Blood-borne Infections; Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation; Amsterdam
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Ghosh K, Ghosh K. Management of Haemophilia in Developing Countries: Challenges and Options. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2015; 32:347-55. [PMID: 27429529 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-015-0562-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are significant challenges in managing haemophilia patients in developing countries. These challenges are (i) Lack of proper health care infrastructure and human resources suitable for haemophilia care (ii) Competing health care priorities of the government. (iii) Lack of penetrance of medical insurance in the population. (iv) Lesser visibility of the haemophilia patients in health care system (v) Low awareness across the medical profession, population and the policy makers about the condition (vi) Non availability of factor concentrates (vii) Inadequate utilization of knowledge for reducing factor concentrate use. (viii) Inadequate pain relief (ix) Challenges due to inhibitor developing (x) Viral hepatitis & (xi) Lack of research publications relevant to the country are some of the challenges faced by PWH for their management in developing country. The solutions are not easy but development of a strong patient organization with linkages with World Federation of Haemophilia is an important initial step. Following that internal and international twinning, use of internal sources, strong advocacy programme targeting government, doctors, opinion makers will solve many of the challenges in the time to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanjaksha Ghosh
- National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13 Th Fl KEM Hospital, Parel Mumbai, 400012 India ; Haemophilia Federation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Kinjalka Ghosh
- National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13 Th Fl KEM Hospital, Parel Mumbai, 400012 India ; Department of Biochemistry, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel Mumbai, 400012 India
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McCue J, Kshirsagar R, Selvitelli K, Lu Q, Zhang M, Mei B, Peters R, Pierce GF, Dumont J, Raso S, Reichert H. Manufacturing process used to produce long-acting recombinant factor VIII Fc fusion protein. Biologicals 2015; 43:213-9. [PMID: 26094124 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant factor VIII Fc fusion protein (rFVIIIFc) is a long-acting coagulation factor approved for the treatment of hemophilia A. Here, the rFVIIIFc manufacturing process and results of studies evaluating product quality and the capacity of the process to remove potential impurities and viruses are described. This manufacturing process utilized readily transferable and scalable unit operations and employed multi-step purification and viral clearance processing, including a novel affinity chromatography adsorbent and a 15 nm pore size virus removal nanofilter. A cell line derived from human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293H cells was used to produce rFVIIIFc. Validation studies evaluated identity, purity, activity, and safety. Process-related impurity clearance and viral clearance spiking studies demonstrate robust and reproducible removal of impurities and viruses, with total viral clearance >8-15 log10 for four model viruses (xenotropic murine leukemia virus, mice minute virus, reovirus type 3, and suid herpes virus 1). Terminal galactose-α-1,3-galactose and N-glycolylneuraminic acid, two non-human glycans, were undetectable in rFVIIIFc. Biochemical and in vitro biological analyses confirmed the purity, activity, and consistency of rFVIIIFc. In conclusion, this manufacturing process produces a highly pure product free of viruses, impurities, and non-human glycan structures, with scale capabilities to ensure a consistent and adequate supply of rFVIIIFc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin McCue
- Biogen, 14 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | | | | | - Qi Lu
- Biogen, 14 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | | | - Baisong Mei
- Biogen, 14 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Robert Peters
- Biogen, 14 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | | | | | - Stephen Raso
- Biogen, 14 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Parker CS, Tsai J, Siddiqi AEA, Atrash HK, Richardson LC. Meeting the emerging public health needs of persons with blood disorders. Am J Prev Med 2014; 47:658-63. [PMID: 25245797 PMCID: PMC4568742 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In its decades-long history, the Division of Blood Disorders (DBD) at CDC has evolved from a patient-focused, services-supporting entity at inception, to one of the world leaders in the practice of public health to improve the lives of people at risk for or affected by nonmalignant blood disorders. The DBD's earliest public health activities consisted of working with care providers in a network of hemophilia treatment centers to provide AIDS risk reduction services to people with hemophilia. Because this infectious disease threat has been reduced over time as a result of the development of safer treatment products, the DBD--under the auspices of congressional appropriations guidance--has expanded its core activities to encompass blood disorders other than hemophilia, including hemoglobinopathies such as thalassemia and sickle cell disease, and Diamond Blackfan anemia. Simultaneously, in transitioning to a greater public health role, the DBD has expanded its network of partners to new consumer and professional organizations, as well as state and other federal health agencies. The DBD has also developed and maintains many surveillance and registry activities beyond the Universal Data Collection system aimed at providing a better understanding of the health status, health needs, and health-related quality of life of people with nonmalignant blood disorders. The DBD has integrated applicable components of the Essential Services of Public Health successfully to promote and advance the agenda of blood disorders in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Parker
- Division of Blood Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - James Tsai
- Division of Blood Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Azfar-e-Alam Siddiqi
- Division of Blood Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hani K Atrash
- Division of Healthy Start and Perinatal Services, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Lisa C Richardson
- Division of Blood Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
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Sacchini D, Liumbruno GM, Bruno G, Liumbruno C, Rafanelli D, Minacori R, Refolo P, Spagnolo AG. Ethical and deontological issues in Transfusion Medicine. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2013; 11:14-25. [PMID: 23058865 PMCID: PMC3557472 DOI: 10.2450/2012.0087-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Sacchini
- Institute of Bioethics, A Gemelli School of Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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Epstein J, Xiong Y, Luo M, Li-McLeod J. Benefits associated with a broad selection of dosage strengths for recombinant factor VIII products. Haemophilia 2011; 18:182-6. [PMID: 21812864 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2011.02627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates for haemophilia A patients are dosed according to body weight. This results in a continuous range of prescribed doses, which challenges pharmacies to find dosage strengths closest to the prescribed dose while utilizing the least number of vials. This study was conducted to determine whether a broader selection of FVIII dosage strengths results in improved dispensing accuracy and an increased number of single-vial users. This research retrospectively analyzed a US pharmacy database of prescriptions filled in 2008. Recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) therapies were classified by the range of dosage strengths offered in 2008: Group 1 had three dosage strengths; Group 2 had four dosage strengths; and Group 3 had six dosage strengths. A total of 76,584 dispensed doses of rFVIII for 1,244 patients were included in this analysis. Dispensing accuracy (calculated as both the absolute and relative difference between dispensed and prescribed dose) was significantly better for Group 3 (23.2 IU, 1.2%) than Groups 1 (33.5 IU, 1.6%) and 2 (50.2 IU, 2.4%) (both P < 0.01). In addition, the average number of unique actual rFVIII potencies dispensed per month was highly correlated (-0.977) with dispensing accuracy for each dosage strength group. Among Groups 1, 2 and 3, 23.0%, 44.9% and 73.4% of patients, respectively, had at least one single vial option dispensed (P < 0.0001). A broader selection of rFVIII dosage strengths and more actual rFVIII potencies were associated with improved dispensing accuracy and more single-vial users. This may translate into less waste, cost savings, increased convenience and improved adherence to physician-prescribed regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Epstein
- Baxter BioScience, Westlake Village, CA, USA.
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Grillberger L, Kreil TR, Nasr S, Reiter M. Emerging trends in plasma-free manufacturing of recombinant protein therapeutics expressed in mammalian cells. Biotechnol J 2009; 4:186-201. [PMID: 19226552 PMCID: PMC2699044 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200800241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells are the expression system of choice for therapeutic proteins, especially those requiring complex post‐translational modifications. Traditionally, these cells are grown in medium supplemented with serum and other animal‐ or human‐derived components to support viability and productivity. Such proteins are also typically added as excipients and stabilizers in the final drug formulation. However, the transmission of hepatitis B in the 1970s and of hepatitis C and HIV in the 1980s through plasma‐derived factor VIII concentrates had catastrophic consequences for hemophilia patients. Thus, due to regulatory concerns about the inherent potential for transmission of infectious agents as well as the heterogeneity and lack of reliability of the serum supply, a trend has emerged to eliminate the use of plasma‐derived additives in the production and formulation of recombinant protein therapeutics. This practice began with products used in the treatment of hemophilia and is progressively expanding throughout the entire industry. The plasma‐free method of producing recombinant therapeutics is accomplished by the use of both cell culture media and final product formulations that do not contain animal‐ or human‐derived additives. A number of recombinant therapeutic proteins for the treatment of several different diseases have been produced by plasma‐free processes, with the objective of improving safety by eliminating blood‐borne pathogens or by reducing immunogenicity. This review describes the factors that drove the development of plasma‐free protein therapeutics and provides examples of advances in manufacturing that have made possible the removal of human and animal‐derived products from all steps of recombinant protein production.
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Consensus opinion for the selection and use of therapeutic products for the treatment of haemophilia in Spain. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2008; 19:333-40. [DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0b013e328300c814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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