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Wang M, Chen S, He X, Yuan Y, Wei X. Targeting inflammation as cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:13. [PMID: 38520006 PMCID: PMC10960486 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has accompanied human beings since the emergence of wounds and infections. In the past decades, numerous efforts have been undertaken to explore the potential role of inflammation in cancer, from tumor development, invasion, and metastasis to the resistance of tumors to treatment. Inflammation-targeted agents not only demonstrate the potential to suppress cancer development, but also to improve the efficacy of other therapeutic modalities. In this review, we describe the highly dynamic and complex inflammatory tumor microenvironment, with discussion on key inflammation mediators in cancer including inflammatory cells, inflammatory cytokines, and their downstream intracellular pathways. In addition, we especially address the role of inflammation in cancer development and highlight the action mechanisms of inflammation-targeted therapies in antitumor response. Finally, we summarize the results from both preclinical and clinical studies up to date to illustrate the translation potential of inflammation-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Block3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Block3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei He
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Block3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Block3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Alhaskawi A, Ezzi SHA, Dong Y, Zhou H, Wang Z, Lai J, Yao C, Kota VG, Abdulla MHAH, Lu H. Recent advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of acral melanoma. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024; 25:106-122. [PMID: 38303495 PMCID: PMC10835211 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Acral melanoma (AM) is the most common histologic subtype of melanoma in dark-skinned patients and is associated with a worse prognosis and a high mortality rate, largely due to the inconspicuous nature of early-stage lesions, which can lead to late diagnosis. Because of the overlapping clinical and histopathological features of AM with other forms of cutaneous melanomas, early detection of AM requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates various diagnostic modalities, including clinical examination, dermoscopy, histopathology, molecular testing, radiological imaging, and blood tests. While surgery is the preferred method of treatment for AM, other therapeutic options may be employed based on the stage and underlying etiology of the disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, molecular targeted therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and oncolytic virotherapy represent promising advanced treatment options for AM. In this review, we provide an overview of the latest advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic methods for AM, highlighting the importance of early detection and the prompt, individualized management of this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alhaskawi
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | | | - Yanzhao Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Haiying Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zewei Wang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingtian Lai
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chengjun Yao
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | | | - Hui Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
- Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Al Shboul S, Boyle S, Singh A, Saleh T, Alrjoub M, Abu Al Karsaneh O, Mryyian A, Dawoud R, Gul S, Abu Baker S, Ball K, Hupp T, Brennan PM. FISH analysis reveals CDKN2A and IFNA14 co-deletion is heterogeneous and is a prominent feature of glioblastoma. Brain Tumor Pathol 2024; 41:4-17. [PMID: 38097874 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-023-00473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Deletion of CDKN2A occurs in 50% of glioblastomas (GBM), and IFNA locus deletion in 25%. These genes reside closely on chromosome 9. We investigated whether CDKN2A and IFNA were co-deleted within the same heterogeneous tumour and their prognostic implications. We assessed CDKN2A and IFNA14 deletions in 45 glioma samples using an in-house three-colour FISH probe. We examined the correlation between p16INK4a protein expression (via IHC) and CDKN2A deletion along with the impact of these genomic events on patient survival. FISH analyses demonstrated that grades II and III had either wildtype (wt) or amplified CDKN2A/IFNA14, whilst 44% of GBMs harboured homozygous deletions of both genes. Cores with CDKN2A homozygous deletion (n = 11) were negative for p16INK4a. Twenty p16INK4a positive samples lacked CDKN2A deletion with some of cells showing negative p16INK4a. There was heterogeneity in IFNA14/CDKN2A ploidy within each GBM. Survival analyses of primary GBMs suggested a positive association between increased p16INK4a and longer survival; this persisted when considering CDKN2A/IFNA14 status. Furthermore, wt (intact) CDKN2A/IFNA14 were found to be associated with longer survival in recurrent GBMs. Our data suggest that co-deletion of CDKN2A/IFNA14 in GBM negatively correlates with survival and CDKN2A-wt status correlated with longer survival, and with second surgery, itself a marker for improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofian Al Shboul
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
| | - Shelagh Boyle
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ashita Singh
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, Scotland, UK
| | - Tareq Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Moath Alrjoub
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Ola Abu Al Karsaneh
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Amel Mryyian
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Rand Dawoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Sinem Gul
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, Scotland, UK
| | - Shaden Abu Baker
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Kathryn Ball
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, Scotland, UK
| | - Ted Hupp
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, Scotland, UK.
| | - Paul M Brennan
- Translational Neurosurgery, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Translational Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, Scotland, UK.
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4
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Wang R, Zhang T, Lu Y, Lin Y, Kou S, Li X, Wang Y, Xie L. Antitumor activity of pegylated human interferon β as monotherapy or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors via tumor growth inhibition and dendritic cell activation. Cell Immunol 2023; 393-394:104782. [PMID: 37931572 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN), especially human IFN alpha (IFNα), have been utilized for antitumor therapy for decades. Human interferon beta (IFNβ) is rarely used for cancer treatment, despite advantages over IFNα in biological activities such as tumor growth inhibition and dendritic cell (DC) activation. The utilization of pegylated human IFNβ (PEG-IFNβ), as monotherapy or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) was evaluated in this study through in vivo efficacy studies in syngeneic mouse melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) models resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In vitro comparative study of PEG-IFNβ and pegylated IFNα-2b was performed in terms of tumor growth inhibition against human melanoma, NSCLC and COAD cell lines and activation of human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs). Our data demonstrate that the in vivo antitumor effects of PEG-IFNβ are partially attributable to tumor growth-inhibitory effects and DC-activating activities, superior to pegylated IFNα-2b. Our findings suggest that utilizing PEG-IFNβ as an antitumor therapy can enhance the therapeutic effect of ICIs in ICI-resistant tumors by directly inhibiting tumor growth and induction of DC maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yalong Lin
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Shuyuan Kou
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Liangzhi Xie
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing 100176, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Monoclonal Antibody Research and Development, Sino Biological Inc., Beijing 100176, China; Cell Culture Engineering Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
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5
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Massa C, Wang Y, Marr N, Seliger B. Interferons and Resistance Mechanisms in Tumors and Pathogen-Driven Diseases—Focus on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Antigen Processing Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076736. [PMID: 37047709 PMCID: PMC10095295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs), divided into type I, type II, and type III IFNs represent proteins that are secreted from cells in response to various stimuli and provide important information for understanding the evolution, structure, and function of the immune system, as well as the signaling pathways of other cytokines and their receptors. They exert comparable, but also distinct physiologic and pathophysiologic activities accompanied by pleiotropic effects, such as the modulation of host responses against bacterial and viral infections, tumor surveillance, innate and adaptive immune responses. IFNs were the first cytokines used for the treatment of tumor patients including hairy leukemia, renal cell carcinoma, and melanoma. However, tumor cells often develop a transient or permanent resistance to IFNs, which has been linked to the escape of tumor cells and unresponsiveness to immunotherapies. In addition, loss-of-function mutations in IFN signaling components have been associated with susceptibility to infectious diseases, such as COVID-19 and mycobacterial infections. In this review, we summarize general features of the three IFN families and their function, the expression and activity of the different IFN signal transduction pathways, and their role in tumor immune evasion and pathogen clearance, with links to alterations in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II antigen processing machinery (APM). In addition, we discuss insights regarding the clinical applications of IFNs alone or in combination with other therapeutic options including immunotherapies as well as strategies reversing the deficient IFN signaling. Therefore, this review provides an overview on the function and clinical relevance of the different IFN family members, with a specific focus on the MHC pathways in cancers and infections and their contribution to immune escape of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Massa
- Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle, Germany
- Institute for Translational Immunology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Hochstr. 29, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Yuan Wang
- Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle, Germany
| | - Nico Marr
- Institute for Translational Immunology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Hochstr. 29, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle, Germany
- Institute for Translational Immunology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Hochstr. 29, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstr. 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Brouwer NJ, Verdijk RM, Heegaard S, Marinkovic M, Esmaeli B, Jager MJ. Conjunctival melanoma: New insights in tumour genetics and immunology, leading to new therapeutic options. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 86:100971. [PMID: 34015548 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in oncology have led to a better molecular and cellular understanding of cancer, and the introduction of novel therapies. Conjunctival melanoma (CoM) is a rare but potentially devastating disease. A better understanding of CoM, leading to the development of novel therapies, is urgently needed. CoM is characterized by mutations that have also been identified in cutaneous melanoma, e.g. in BRAF, NRAS and TERT. These mutations are distinct from the mutations found in uveal melanoma (UM), affecting genes such as GNAQ, GNA11, and BAP1. Targeted therapies that are successful in cutaneous melanoma may therefore be useful in CoM. A recent breakthrough in the treatment of patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma was the development of immunotherapy. While immunotherapy is currently sparsely effective in intraocular tumours such as UM, the similarities between CoM and cutaneous melanoma (including in their immunological tumour micro environment) provide hope for the application of immunotherapy in CoM, and preliminary clinical data are indeed emerging to support this use. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding CoM, with a focus on the genetic and immunologic understanding. We elaborate on the distinct position of CoM in contrast to other types of melanoma, and explain how new insights in the pathophysiology of this disease guide the development of new, personalized, treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels J Brouwer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Robert M Verdijk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medica Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Eye Pathology Section, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Marina Marinkovic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Bita Esmaeli
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Orbital Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Martine J Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Mirzavi F, Barati M, Soleimani A, Vakili-Ghartavol R, Jaafari MR, Soukhtanloo M. A review on liposome-based therapeutic approaches against malignant melanoma. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120413. [PMID: 33667562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive form of skin cancer with a very poor prognosis and excessive resistance to current conventional treatments. Recently, the application of the liposomal delivery system in the management of skin melanoma has been widely investigated. Liposomal nanocarriers are biocompatible and less toxic to host cells, enabling the efficient and safe delivery of different therapeutic agents into the tumor site and further promoting their antitumor activities. Therefore, the liposomal delivery system effectively increases the success of current melanoma therapies and overcomes resistance. In this review, we present an overview of liposome-based targeted drug delivery methods and highlight recent advances towards the development of liposome-based carriers for therapeutic genes. We also discuss the new insights regarding the efficacy and clinical significance of combinatorial treatment of liposomal formulations with immunotherapy and conventional therapies in melanoma patients for a better understanding and successfully managing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Mirzavi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Anvar Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roghayyeh Vakili-Ghartavol
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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8
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Cho SY, Huff DT, Jeraj R, Albertini MR. FDG PET/CT for Assessment of Immune Therapy: Opportunities and Understanding Pitfalls. Semin Nucl Med 2020; 50:518-531. [PMID: 33059821 PMCID: PMC8201415 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade has demonstrated the ability to modulate the immune system to produce durable responses in a wide range of cancers and has significantly impacted the standard of care. However, many cancer patients still do not respond to immune checkpoint blockade or have a limited duration of antitumor responses. Moreover, immune-related adverse events caused by immune checkpoint blockade can be severe and debilitating for some patients, limiting continuation of therapy and resulting in severe autoimmune conditions. Standard-of-care conventional anatomic imaging modalities and tumor response criteria have limitations to adequately assess tumor responses, especially early in the course of therapy, for risk-adapted clinical management to inform care of patients treated with immunotherapy. Molecular imaging with position emission tomography (PET) provides a noninvasive functional biomarker of tumor response, and of immune activation, for patients on immune-based therapies to help address these needs. 18F-FDG (FDG) PET/CT is readily available clinically and a number of studies have evaluated the use of this agent for assessment of prognosis, treatment response and immune activation for patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade. In this review paper, we discuss the current oncologic applications and imaging needs of cancer immunotherapy, recent studies applying FDG PET/CT for tumor response assessment, and evaluation of immune-related adverse events for improving clinical management. We largely focus on metastatic melanoma; however, we generalize where applicable to immunotherapy in other tumor types. We also briefly discuss PET imaging and quantitation as well as emerging non-FDG PET imaging radiotracers for cancer immunotherapy imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Y Cho
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.
| | - Daniel T Huff
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Robert Jeraj
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Mark R Albertini
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; Medical Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
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Mo S, Gu L, Xu W, Liu J, Ding D, Wang Z, Yang J, Kong L, Zhao Y. Bifunctional macromolecule activating both OX40 and interferon-α signaling displays potent therapeutic effects in mouse HBV and tumor models. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107099. [PMID: 33091819 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Combinatory enhancement of innate and adaptive immune responses is a promising strategy in immunotherapeutic drug development. Bifunctional macromolecules that simultaneously target two mechanisms may provide additional advantages over the combination of targeting two single pathways. Interferon alpha (IFNα) has been used clinically against viral infection such as the chronic infection of hepatitis B virus (CHB) as well as some types of cancers. OX40 is a costimulatory immune checkpoint molecule involved in the activation of T lymphocytes. To test whether simultaneously activating IFNα and OX40 signaling pathway could produce a synergistic therapeutic effect on CHB and tumors, we designed a bifunctional fusion protein composed of a mouse OX40 agonistic monoclonal antibody (OX86) and a mouse IFNα4, joined by a flexible (GGGGS)3 linker. This fusion protein, termed OX86-IFN, can activate both IFNα and OX40. We demonstrated that OX86-IFN could effectively activate T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of mice. Furthermore, we showed that OX86-IFN had superior therapeutic effect to monotherapies in HBV hydrodynamic transfection and syngeneic tumor models. Collectively, our data suggests that simultaneously targeting interferon and OX40 signaling pathways by bifunctional molecule OX86-IFN elicits potent antiviral and antitumor activities, which could provide a new strategy in developing therapeutic agents against viral infection and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifu Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Nanjing U-Mab Biopharma Co., Ltd, 699-8 Xuanwu Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, PR China
| | - Liyun Gu
- Nanjing U-Mab Biopharma Co., Ltd, 699-8 Xuanwu Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- Nanjing U-Mab Biopharma Co., Ltd, 699-8 Xuanwu Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China
| | - Dong Ding
- Nanjing U-Mab Biopharma Co., Ltd, 699-8 Xuanwu Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, PR China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Nanjing U-Mab Biopharma Co., Ltd, 699-8 Xuanwu Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- Nanjing U-Mab Biopharma Co., Ltd, 699-8 Xuanwu Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, PR China
| | - Lingdong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- Nanjing U-Mab Biopharma Co., Ltd, 699-8 Xuanwu Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, PR China.
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Han W, Xu J, Shen GL. Prognostic implication and functional annotations of APOBEC3G expression in patients with Melanoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:5245-5256. [PMID: 32742470 PMCID: PMC7378923 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is one of the most life-threatening malignancies damaging human health. APOBEC3G (A3G) has been found in several cancers; however, the role of A3G in SKCM is rarely studied. This study aimed to investigate the expression of A3G in tumor tissue and its prognostic value in SKCM patients. Method: A total of 512 SKCM patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (FAHSU) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were consecutively recruited in analyses. Differential transcriptional and proteome expression profiles were obtained from multiple datasets. GEPIA was used to assess the survival analysis between distinguished groups. Both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to address the influence of independent factors on disease-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). In addition, 31 SKCM and 31 nevus tissues were collected for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and evaluation. STRING, DAVID and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was utilized to conduct a network of related genes and significant pathways. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship of A3G with tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) by TIMER and TISIDB. Result: We found both transcriptional and proteomics expressions of A3G were elevated in SKCM. Survival analysis and ROC curves showed significant diagnostic and prognostic ability of A3G. IHC results showed increased expression of A3G in SKCM compared to nevus tissues. Importantly, A3G expression was closely associated with the immune-infiltrating levels of B cells, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells. Conclusion: In summary, our study first reveals that elevated A3G expression is significantly correlated with better prognosis in SKCM patients. The role of A3G in SKCM demonstrated that it might be a prognostic and immunotherapeutic biomarker for SKCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China, 215000.,Department of Surgery, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China, 215000
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China, 215000.,Department of Surgery, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China, 215000
| | - Guo-Liang Shen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China, 215000.,Department of Surgery, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China, 215000
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11
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Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:9235638. [PMID: 32671117 PMCID: PMC7338969 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9235638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most immunologic malignancies based on its higher prevalence in immune-compromised patients, the evidence of brisk lymphocytic infiltrates in both primary tumors and metastases, the documented recognition of melanoma antigens by tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and, most important, evidence that melanoma responds to immunotherapy. The use of immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma is a relatively late discovery for this malignancy. Recent studies have shown a significantly higher success rate with combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted molecular therapy. Immunotherapy is associated to a panel of dysimmune toxicities called immune-related adverse events that can affect one or more organs and may limit its use. Future directions in the treatment of metastatic melanoma include immunotherapy with anti-PD1 antibodies or targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.
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12
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Monocytes reprogrammed with lentiviral vectors co-expressing GM-CSF, IFN-α2 and antigens for personalized immune therapy of acute leukemia pre- or post-stem cell transplantation. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1891-1899. [PMID: 31628525 PMCID: PMC6851032 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults and overall survival remains poor. Chemotherapy is the standard of care for intensive induction therapy. Patients who achieve a complete remission require post-remission therapies to prevent relapse. There is no standard of care for patients with minimal residual disease (MRD), and stem cell transplantation is a salvage therapy. Considering the AML genetic heterogeneity and the leukemia immune-suppressive properties, novel cellular immune therapies to effectively harness immunological responses to prevent relapse are needed. We developed a novel modality of immune therapy consisting of monocytes reprogrammed with lentiviral vectors expressing GM-CSF, IFN-α and antigens. Preclinical studies in humanized mice showed that the reprogrammed monocytes self-differentiated into highly viable induced dendritic cells (iDCs) in vivo which migrated effectively to lymph nodes, producing remarkable effects in the de novo regeneration of T and B cell responses. For the first-in-man clinical trial, the patient’s monocytes will be transduced with an integrase-defective tricistronic lentiviral vector expressing GM-CSF, IFN-α and a truncated WT1 antigen. For transplanted patients, pre-clinical development of iDCs co-expressing cytomegalovirus antigens is ongoing. To simplify the product chain for a de-centralized supply model, we are currently exploring a closed automated system for a short two-day manufacturing of iDCs. A phase I clinical trial study is in preparation for immune therapy of AML patients with MRD. The proposed cell therapy can fill an important gap in the current and foreseeable future immunotherapies of AML.
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13
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Barber FD. Adverse Events of Oncologic Immunotherapy and Their Management. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2019; 6:212-226. [PMID: 31259216 PMCID: PMC6518984 DOI: 10.4103/apjon.apjon_6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment option for patients with cancer. However, newer versions of immunotherapy, such as checkpoint inhibitors, may be associated with unusual adverse effects (AEs) that can range in severity from mild to life-threatening. Unlike common AEs of conventional chemotherapy, which have a predictable nadir or cyclic pattern after administration, AEs of these newer immunotherapies are variable, depending on the type of immunotherapy, route of administration, and mechanism of action. The onset and resolution of these AEs may be present at any time, during administration of treatment, a few weeks after administration of treatment, or several months after completion of treatment. Therefore, improving outcomes in patients undergoing oncologic immunotherapy requires oncology nurses' knowledge and understanding of various immunotherapy agents, as well as early recognition and management of potential AEs, especially AEs associated with checkpoint inhibitors and other therapies that manipulate T-cell activation causing autoimmune toxicity. This article draws upon current evidence from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and expert consensus guidelines to provide a brief overview of common immunotherapies used in cancer and management of their associated AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedricker Diane Barber
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (A Phase I Program), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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14
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Immunology of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Solid Tumors: A Brief Review. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040470. [PMID: 30987228 PMCID: PMC6520684 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune response, both innate and adaptive, is a key player in cancer development and progression. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a subset of dendritic cells that play one of the central roles in the immune system. They are known mostly as the major IFN type I-producing cells upon stimulation of Toll-like receptors 7 and 9. However, based on current knowledge, the functionality of pDCs is very complex, as they have the ability to affect many other cell types. In the context of the tumor tissue, pDCs were mostly described to show substantial functional defects and therefore contribute to the establishement of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Immunotherapeutic approaches have proven to be one of the most promising treatment strategies in the last decade. In view of this fact, it is crucial to map the complexity of the tumor microenvironment in detail, including less numerous cell types. This review focuses on pDCs in relation to solid tumors. We provide a summary of current data on the role of pDCs in different tumor types and suggest their possible clinical applications.
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15
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Enhanced Antitumor Immune Response in 2'-5' Oligoadenylate Synthetase-Like 1- (OASL1-) Deficient Mice upon Cisplatin Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:7596786. [PMID: 31049360 PMCID: PMC6462330 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7596786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) plays a critical role in the antitumor immune response. In our previous study, we showed that IFN-I-inducible 2′-5′ oligoadenylate synthetase-like 1 (OASL1) negatively regulated IFN-I production upon tumor challenge similar to that of viral infection. Thus, OASL1-deficient (Oasl1−/−) mice were more resistant to implanted tumor growth than wild-type (WT) mice. In this study, we investigated whether targeting or suppressing OASL1 could show synergistic effects on tumor clearance with conventional cancer therapies (such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy) using Oasl1−/− mice and a transplantable lung metastatic tumor cell model. Upon treatment with the anticancer drug cisplatin, we found that Oasl1−/− mice showed enhanced resistance to injected tumors compared to untreated Oasl1−/− mice. Similarly, irradiated Oasl1−/− mice showed better resistance to tumor challenge than untreated Oasl1−/− mice. Additionally, we found that Oasl1−/− mice applied with both types of the cancer therapies contained more cytotoxic effector cells, such as CD8+ T cells and NK cells, and produced more cytotoxic effector cytokine IFN-γ as well as IFN-I in their tumor-containing lungs compared to untreated Oasl1−/− mice. Collectively, these results show that targeting OASL1 together with conventional cancer therapies could be an effective strategy to enhance treatment efficacy.
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16
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Cheraghlou S, Agogo GO, Girardi M. Treatment of primary nonmetastatic melanoma at high-volume academic facilities is associated with improved long-term patient survival. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 80:979-989. [PMID: 30365997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of cancer care have demonstrated improved long-term patient outcomes for those treated at high-volume centers. The influence of treatment center characteristics on outcomes for primary nonmetastatic melanoma is not currently established. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the association of cancer treatment center case volume and academic affiliation with long-term patient survival for cases of primary nonmetastatic melanoma. METHODS Cases of melanoma diagnosed in US adults from 2004 to 2014 and included in the National Cancer Database were identified. Hospitals were grouped by yearly case-volume quartile: bottom quartile, 2 middle quartiles, and top quartile. RESULTS Facility case volume was significantly associated with long-term patient survival (P < .0001). The 5-year survival rates were 76.8%, 81.9%, and 86.4% for patients treated at institutions in the bottom, middle, and top quartiles of case volume, respectively. On multivariate analysis, treatment at centers in both middle quartiles (hazard ratio, 0.834; 95% confidence interval, 0.778-0.895) and in the top quartile (hazard ratio, 0.691; 95% confidence interval, 0.644-0.741) of case volume was associated with improved survival relative to that of patients treated at hospitals in the bottom quartile of case volume. Academic affiliation was associated with improved outcomes for top-quartile- but not middle-quartile-volume facilities. LIMITATIONS Disease-specific survival was not available. CONCLUSIONS Treatment at a high-volume facility is associated with improved long-term patient survival for melanoma. High-volume academic centers have improved patient outcomes compared with other high-volume centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Cheraghlou
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - George O Agogo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael Girardi
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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17
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Albertini MR, Yang RK, Ranheim EA, Hank JA, Zuleger CL, Weber S, Neuman H, Hartig G, Weigel T, Mahvi D, Henry MB, Quale R, McFarland T, Gan J, Carmichael L, Kim K, Loibner H, Gillies SD, Sondel PM. Pilot trial of the hu14.18-IL2 immunocytokine in patients with completely resectable recurrent stage III or stage IV melanoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1647-1658. [PMID: 30073390 PMCID: PMC6168354 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Phase I testing of the hu14.18-IL2 immunocytokine (IC) in melanoma patients showed immune activation, reversible toxicities, and a maximal tolerated dose of 7.5 mg/m2/day. Preclinical data in IC-treated tumor-bearing mice with low tumor burden documented striking antitumor effects. Patients with completely resectable recurrent stage III or stage IV melanoma were scheduled to receive 3 courses of IC at 6 mg/m2/day i.v. on days 1, 2 and 3 of each 28-day course. Patients were randomized to complete surgical resection either following neoadjuvant (Group A) or prior to adjuvant (Group B) IC course 1. Primary objectives were to: (1) evaluate histological evidence of anti-tumor activity and (2) evaluate recurrence-free survival (RFS) and OS. Twenty melanoma patients were randomized to Group A (11 patients) or B (9 patients). Two Group B patients did not receive IC due to persistent disease following surgery. Six of 18 IC-treated patients remained free of recurrence, with a median RFS of 5.7 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8-not reached). The 24-month RFS rate was 38.9% (95% CI 17.5-60.0%). The median follow-up of surviving patients was 50.0 months (range: 31.8-70.4). The 24-month OS rate was 65.0% (95% CI 40.3-81.5%). Toxicities were similar to those previously reported. Exploratory tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) analyses suggest prognostic value of TILs from Group A patients. Prolonged tumor-free survival was seen in some melanoma patients at high risk for recurrence who were treated with IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Albertini
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
- Medical Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
- University of Wisconsin Clinical Sciences Center, Room K6/530, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
| | - Richard K Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Erik A Ranheim
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jacquelyn A Hank
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cindy L Zuleger
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sharon Weber
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Heather Neuman
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Greg Hartig
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tracey Weigel
- Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - David Mahvi
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mary Beth Henry
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Renae Quale
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thomas McFarland
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jacek Gan
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lakeesha Carmichael
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - KyungMann Kim
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Paul M Sondel
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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18
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Melanoma is one of the most aggressive malignant skin tumors and its incidence has been increasing worldwide in recent decades. Among the four subtypes, acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) shows the highest incidence in Asian countries, whereas ALM comprises only 1% of all melanomas in white populations. Early clinical diagnosis of ALM is essential, but early ALM lesions are often difficult to diagnose because the pigmentation of the lesions sometimes follows the skin marking of the palms and soles, resulting in an asymmetrical appearance and an irregular border in both ALM and benign melanocytic nevus. To overcome this difficulty, dermoscopy was introduced, and determination of the patterns by this method is essential for accurate clinical diagnosis of ALM. Although recent clinical trials have demonstrated that immune checkpoint inhibitors and BRAF/MEK inhibitors showed significantly improved overall survival of patients with advanced melanoma, ALM may be less susceptible to immune checkpoint inhibitors because of the poor immune response to the tumor. Therefore, strategies for enhancing the immune response to the tumor cells may be required when we apply immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced ALM. In this context, imiquimod, dacarbazine, or interferon are possible therapies that may enhance the effectiveness of the immune checkpoint inhibitors. In addition to being known to have poor immunogenicity, ALM is also known to have infrequent BRAF mutation. Therefore, the majority of ALM patients may not benefit from therapy with BRAF/MEK inhibitors. However, some ALMs have mutations such as KIT and NRAS mutations, and therefore, targeted therapies may improve the survival of ALM patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Fujisawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
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19
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Abstract
Melanoma represents the most aggressive and the deadliest form of skin cancer. Current therapeutic approaches include surgical resection, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, biochemotherapy, and targeted therapy. The therapeutic strategy can include single agents or combined therapies, depending on the patient’s health, stage, and location of the tumor. The efficiency of these treatments can be decreased due to the development of diverse resistance mechanisms. New therapeutic targets have emerged from studies of the genetic profile of melanocytes and from the identification of molecular factors involved in the pathogenesis of the malignant transformation. In this review, we aim to survey therapies approved and under evaluation for melanoma treatment and relevant research on the molecular mechanisms underlying melanomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Domingues
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Hospital S João, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Pópulo
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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20
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Ji L, Gu J, Chen L, Miao D. Changes of Th1/Th2 cytokines in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma after ultrasound-guided ablation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:8715-8720. [PMID: 31966730 PMCID: PMC6965388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is a malignancy of the digestive system and has a high morbidity and mortality rate. Local intervention has become a viable option in identifying liver treatment. The aim of the present study was to analyze the changes of Th1/Th2 cytokines in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment. 26 patients with stage III-IV liver cancers and 25 healthy controls were selected to participate in the study. HCC patients were initiated with RFA treatment and the serum levels of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and Th1/Th2 cytokines were valued. We found that with the level of AFP decreased, the levels of Th1 cytokines including interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were significantly increased after treatment with RFA (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the levels of Th2 cytokines consist of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6 and IL-10 were decreased markedly on the contrary, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In conclusion, the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines were correlated with the change of AFP in patients of HCC after treatment with RFA, which might be an important guiding significance for the prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ji
- Department of Ultrasonography, Suzhou Fifth People’s HospitalSuzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Interventional Vascular Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Dongliu Miao
- Department of Interventional Vascular Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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21
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Sanlorenzo M, Vujic I, Carnevale-Schianca F, Quaglino P, Gammaitoni L, Fierro MT, Aglietta M, Sangiolo D. Role of interferon in melanoma: old hopes and new perspectives. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:475-483. [PMID: 28274138 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1289169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interferons (IFNs) play a key role in modulating anti-microbial and antitumor immune responses. In oncology, past attempts to exploit IFNs therapeutically did not fulfill expectations, and had only modest clinical results, mostly limited to adjuvant melanoma treatment. The recent successes of immunotherapy in oncology have brought new attention to the potential of immune-modulatory agents like the IFNs. Areas covered: The authors review the biological effects of IFN on melanoma and immune cells. Then, the authors summarize the clinical results of adjuvant and therapeutic IFN in melanoma, giving focus to possible prognostic factors and new on-going clinical trials. Expert opinion: IFNs offer intriguing opportunities for synergism between conventional treatments and recently introduced molecular-targeted and immunotherapy approaches. However, the full comprehension of all IFN effects and their multiple biologic links is challenging. A strong commitment toward parallel translational research is needed to facilitate the interpretation of IFN's expected and unexpected effects, guiding the rational design of informative clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sanlorenzo
- a Department of Oncology , University of Torino , Candiolo , Torino , Italy.,b Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology , University of Turin , Torino , Italy.,c Division of Medical Oncology, Experimental Cell Therapy , Candiolo Cancer Institute , Candiolo , Torino , Italy
| | - Igor Vujic
- d School of Medicine , Sigmund Freud University , Vienna , Austria.,e Department of Dermatology , The Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Fabrizio Carnevale-Schianca
- c Division of Medical Oncology, Experimental Cell Therapy , Candiolo Cancer Institute , Candiolo , Torino , Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- b Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology , University of Turin , Torino , Italy
| | - Loretta Gammaitoni
- c Division of Medical Oncology, Experimental Cell Therapy , Candiolo Cancer Institute , Candiolo , Torino , Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fierro
- b Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology , University of Turin , Torino , Italy
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- a Department of Oncology , University of Torino , Candiolo , Torino , Italy.,c Division of Medical Oncology, Experimental Cell Therapy , Candiolo Cancer Institute , Candiolo , Torino , Italy
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- a Department of Oncology , University of Torino , Candiolo , Torino , Italy.,c Division of Medical Oncology, Experimental Cell Therapy , Candiolo Cancer Institute , Candiolo , Torino , Italy
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22
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López-Soto A, Gonzalez S, Folgueras AR. IFN Signaling and ICB Resistance: Time is on Tumor's Side. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:161-163. [PMID: 28718428 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Activation of antitumor immunity upon immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is one of the most promising strategies in cancer therapy. However, ICB resistance is frequently observed in cancer preclinical models and patients. A recent report in Cell reveals that sustained interferon (IFN) signaling confers tumor resistance to ICB by inducing the expression of an immunosuppressive multigenic program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro López-Soto
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Segundo Gonzalez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alicia R Folgueras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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23
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Lucarini V, Buccione C, Ziccheddu G, Peschiaroli F, Sestili P, Puglisi R, Mattia G, Zanetti C, Parolini I, Bracci L, Macchia I, Rossi A, D'Urso MT, Macchia D, Spada M, De Ninno A, Gerardino A, Mozetic P, Trombetta M, Rainer A, Businaro L, Schiavoni G, Mattei F. Combining Type I Interferons and 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycitidine to Improve Anti-Tumor Response against Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 137:159-169. [PMID: 27623509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to IFN-I-induced antineoplastic effects has been reported in many tumors and arises, in part, from epigenetic silencing of IFN-stimulated genes by DNA methylation. We hypothesized that restoration of IFN-stimulated genes by co-administration of the demethylating drug 5-aza-2'-deoxycitidine (decitabine [DAC]) may enhance the susceptibility to IFN-I-mediated antitumoral effects in melanoma. We show that combined administration of IFN-I and DAC significantly inhibits the growth of murine and human melanoma cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Compared with controls, DAC/IFN-I-treated melanoma cells exhibited reduced cell growth, augmented apoptosis, and diminished migration. Moreover, IFN-I and DAC synergized to suppress the growth of three-dimensional human melanoma spheroids, altering tumor architecture. These direct antitumor effects correlated with induction of the IFN-stimulated gene Mx1. In vivo, DAC/IFN-I significantly reduced melanoma growth via stimulation of adaptive immunity, promoting tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells while inhibiting the homing of immunosuppressive CD11b+ myeloid cells and regulatory T cells. Accordingly, exposure of human melanoma cells to DAC/IFN-I induced the recruitment of immune cells toward the tumor in a Matrigel (Corning Life Sciences, Kennebunkport, ME)-based microfluidic device. Our findings underscore a beneficial effect of DAC plus IFN-I combined treatment against melanoma through both direct and immune-mediated anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lucarini
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Buccione
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ziccheddu
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Peschiaroli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Sestili
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Puglisi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Mattia
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Zanetti
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Parolini
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bracci
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Iole Macchia
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rossi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa D'Urso
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Macchia
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Spada
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Adele De Ninno
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Gerardino
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Mozetic
- Unit of Tissue Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Trombetta
- Unit of Tissue Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Rainer
- Unit of Tissue Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Businaro
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy; UCBM-CNR Joint Lab for Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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Wu X, Giobbie-Hurder A, Liao X, Lawrence D, McDermott D, Zhou J, Rodig S, Hodi FS. VEGF Neutralization Plus CTLA-4 Blockade Alters Soluble and Cellular Factors Associated with Enhancing Lymphocyte Infiltration and Humoral Recognition in Melanoma. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 4:858-868. [PMID: 27549123 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immune recognition of tumor targets by specific cytotoxic lymphocytes is essential for the effective rejection of tumors. A phase I clinical trial of ipilimumab (an antibody that blocks CTLA-4 function) in combination with bevacizumab (an antibody that inhibits angiogenesis) in patients with metastatic melanoma found favorable clinical outcomes were associated with increased tumor endothelial activation and lymphocyte infiltration. To better understand the underlying mechanisms, we sought features and factors that changed as a function of treatment in patients. Ipilimumab plus bevacizumab (Ipi-Bev) increased tumor vascular expression of ICAM1 and VCAM1. Treatment also altered concentrations of many circulating cytokines and chemokines, including increases of CXCL10, IL1α, TNFα, CXCL1, IFNα2, and IL8, with decreases in VEGF-A in most patients. IL1α and TNFα induced expression of E-selectin, CXCL1, and VCAM1 on melanoma tumor-associated endothelial cells (TEC) in vitro and promoted adhesion of activated T cells onto TEC. VEGFA inhibited TNFα-induced expression of ICAM1 and VCAM1 and T-cell adhesion, which was blocked by bevacizumab. CXCL10 promoted T-cell migration across TEC in vitro, was frequently expressed by melanoma cells, and was upregulated in a subset of tumors in treated patients. Robust upregulation of CXCL10 in tumors was accompanied by increased T-cell infiltration. Ipi-Bev also augmented humoral immune responses recognizing targets in melanoma, tumor endothelial, and tumor mesenchymal stem cells. Our findings suggest that Ipi-Bev therapy augments immune recognition in the tumor microenvironment through enhancing lymphocyte infiltration and antibody responses. IL1α, TNFα, and CXCL10, together with VEGF neutralization, contribute to Ipi-Bev-induced melanoma immune recognition. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(10); 858-68. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anita Giobbie-Hurder
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Biostatistics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoyun Liao
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald Lawrence
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott Rodig
- Center for Immuno-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Melanoma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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25
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Lasfar A, Gogas H, Zloza A, Kaufman HL, Kirkwood JM. IFN-λ cancer immunotherapy: new kid on the block. Immunotherapy 2016; 8:877-88. [PMID: 27381684 PMCID: PMC5619162 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2015-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-lambda (IFN-λ) is a new IFN type, related to IFN-α, that is commonly used in the clinic. However, significant side effects accompanying IFN-α treatment limit enthusiasm for IFN-α. In this review, we discuss the current landscape of IFN-α use in oncology and describe the biologic characteristics of IFN-λ. IFN-λ offers unique advantages, including a more tumor cell selective targeting, lower off-target binding and an ability to generate both innate and adaptive immune responses. IFN-λ has also demonstrated therapeutic benefit in murine cancer models. IFN-λ may be used in clinic as a single agent or in combination with other immunotherapy agents, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. Further clinical trials will be needed to fully elucidate the potential of this novel agent in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Lasfar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Helen Gogas
- First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andrew Zloza
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, NJ, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Howard L Kaufman
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, NJ, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - John M Kirkwood
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA, USA
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26
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Ret mouse very large tumors (VLTs) display altered ratios of infiltrating memory to naive T cells: Roles in tumor expansion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:211-20. [PMID: 27397900 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer, however it is immunogenic. The size of the primary tumor is associated with the nodal metastases. Our goals were to characterize melanoma-associated antigens (MAAs) and tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes (TILs) subsets in the few very large tumors (VLTs) developing in ret transgenic mice of melanoma. Tumors >700mg (VLTs) were investigated for MAAs and subsets of TILs. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry-based studies were performed to determine the infiltration patterns of T-lymphocytes in VLTs. It was observed that zinc fixative restores the antigenicity of the cell-surface markers of lymphocyte subpopulations without the need of antigen retrieval, whereas formalin-based fixative fails to restore the antigenicity in the presence of antigen retrieval in the immunohistochemistry. VLTs from ret mice express MAAs, such as Tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 and gp-100. The mean±standard deviation (S.D.) T-cell infiltration per 400 times-high power field in VLTs; CD4(+) (2.33±1.3), CD8(+) (2.00±1.0), and CD4(+) Foxp3(+) (2.5±0.5) regulatory T cells infiltration was exclusively restricted to the tumor stroma. Moreover, our flow cytometry-based data reveal that % mean±S.D. naive CD3(+) CD4(+) T cell infiltration (32.8±4.0%) was significantly larger than effector (25.8±2.8%, p<0.01) and central memory cells (16.1±3.7%, p<0.001) in VLTs. Similarly, between CD3(+) CD8(+) T cells, naive cells infiltrate (57.7±2.3%) in a significantly larger frequency than effector (5.0±0.4%, p<0.0001) and central memory cell (4.8±1.7%, p<0.0001) subsets. These results suggest that the VLTs from ret mice display lowered infiltration ratios between memory and naive T cells, which could be associated with the relatively large growth of VLTs.
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27
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Lebel MÈ, Chartrand K, Tarrab E, Savard P, Leclerc D, Lamarre A. Potentiating Cancer Immunotherapy Using Papaya Mosaic Virus-Derived Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:1826-32. [PMID: 26891174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of novel immunotherapies is revolutionizing cancer treatment. These include, for example, immune checkpoint blockade, immunomodulation, or therapeutic vaccination. Although effective on their own, combining multiple approaches will most likely be required in order to achieve the maximal therapeutic benefit. In this regard, the papaya mosaic virus nanoparticle (PapMV) has shown tremendous potential as (i) an immunostimulatory molecule, (ii) an adjuvant, and (iii) a vaccine platform through its intrinsic capacity to activate the innate immune response in an IFN-α-dependent manner. Here, we demonstrate that intratumor administration of PapMV significantly slows down melanoma progression and prolongs survival. This correlates with enhanced chemokine and pro-inflammatory-cytokine production in the tumor and increased immune-cell infiltration. Proportions of total and tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells dramatically increase following PapMV treatment whereas those of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) concomitantly decrease. Moreover, systemic PapMV administration prevents metastatic tumor-implantation in the lungs. Importantly, PapMV also synergistically improves the therapeutic benefit of dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination and PD-1 blockade by potentiating antitumor immune responses. This study illustrates the immunostimulatory potential of a plant virus-derived nanoparticle for cancer therapy either alone or in conjunction with other promising immunotherapies in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ève Lebel
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval, Quebec Canada , H7V 1B7
| | - Karine Chartrand
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval, Quebec Canada , H7V 1B7
| | - Esther Tarrab
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval, Quebec Canada , H7V 1B7
| | | | | | - Alain Lamarre
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval, Quebec Canada , H7V 1B7
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