The prodigious network of chromosome 17 miRNAs regulating cancer genes that influence the hallmarks of cancer

Hsa_circ_0044301 Regulates Gastric Cancer Cell’s Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion by Modulating the Hsa-miR-188-5p/DAXX Axis and MAPK Pathway

Simple Summary

This study aimed to investigate whether circRNA could be potential prognosis or therapeutic target. And we found the upregulated hsa_circ_0044301 was positively correlated with the 5-year survival rate of patients, which also could influence the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, it could act as the sponge of hsa-miR-188-5p and regulate the expression and function of targeted gene DAXX. In addition, this circRNA could also modulate the effect of GDC-0994 on ERK1/2 or 5-FU in cells. These findings have made a significant contribution to the study of circRNA in the treatment field of gastric cancer. Meanwhile this is the first detailed investigation of hsa_circ_0044301 in gastric cancer, and the circRNA has the value of further animal and clinical translation.

Abstract

Background: Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer (GC) remains poor, necessitating further search for more effective therapeutic targets and markers for prognosis prediction. Circular RNA (circRNA) plays a role in various diseases, including GC. Methods: CircRNA expression in GC tissues was detected by circRNA microarray and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The correlation between circRNA-0044301 and patient survival was analyzed by log-rank test and Cox regression analysis. Next, in vitro characterization and functional analysis of circRNA-0044301 was done by various assays using RNase R, actinomycin D, and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, as well as investigations into its use as a drug to treat tumors in a subcutaneous tumorigenesis model. RNA immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to identify circRNA-0044301-related miRNA (miRNA-188-5p), key proteins of the related pathway (ERK1/2), and the downstream target DAXX. Finally, we investigated the relationship between circRNA-0044301 and ravoxertinib (GDC-0994) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) using qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and CCK8 assays. Results: CircRNA-0044301 was upregulated in tissues and cancer cells compared to its levels in controls, related to patient prognosis, and its specific siRNA-vivo could slow tumor growth. On the mechanism, it acted as a sponge of miRNA-188-5p, could regulate the downstream target DAXX, and modulated the effect of GDC-0994 on ERK1/2 and 5-FU in cells. Conclusions: CircRNA-0044301/miRNA-188-5p/DAXX (ERK1/2) may be a key axis in GC progression, and circRNA-0044301 has immense potential to be a therapeutic target for GC.

Detection of deletions in 1q25, 1p36 and 1pTEL and chromosome 17 aneuploidy in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)

OBJECTIVE

To identify chromosome deletions in 1q25, 1p36 and 1pTEL, and chromosome 17 ploidy status in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Samples from 57 OED and 63 OSCC were selected. FISH was performed using centromeric probes 17 and n LSIR 1p36/LSI 1q25 Dual Color Probe.

RESULTS

In OED, deletions were found only in 1pTEL region (29.8%). In OSCC, there was a higher frequency of deletion in 1pTEL (79.4%), followed by 1p36 (73.0%), and 1q25 (20.6%). Advanced TNM clinical stages (III/IV) showed all the deletions studied; at early clinical stages (I/II) of OSCC, deletions were observed only in 1pTEL. The frequency of deletion in 1p36 was 17.0 times higher in OSCC at advanced clinical stages (PR: 17.00). The median number of cell nuclei with chromosome 17 aneuploidy was higher in OSCC than in OED (P < 0.001). Early clinical stages of OSCC showed lower median number nuclei with aneuploidy when compared to advanced tumors (P < 0.05). Tumors harboring deletions in 1p36, 1q25 and 1pTEL revealed higher median numbers of trisomic/polysomic nuclei when compared to lesions exhibiting no abnormalities in chromosome 1 (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

A higher prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities was found in OSCC than in OED, while in OSCC, higher abnormalities were present in lesions with higher TNM staging. 1pTEL deletion and monosomy of chromosome 17 are possible markers for progression of OED to OSCC. 1p36 deletion and trisomy/polysomy of chromosome 17 could be markers of worse prognosis of OSCC.

The Potential Functional Roles of NME1 Histidine Kinase Activity in Neuroblastoma Pathogenesis

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. Gain of chromosome 17q material is found in >60% of neuroblastoma tumors and is associated with poor patient prognosis. The NME1 gene is located in the 17q21.3 region, and high NME1 expression is correlated with poor neuroblastoma patient outcomes. However, the functional roles and signaling activity of NME1 in neuroblastoma cells and tumors are unknown. NME1 and NME2 have been shown to possess histidine (His) kinase activity. Using anti-1- and 3-pHis specific monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal anti-pH118 NME1/2 antibodies, we demonstrated the presence of pH118-NME1/2 and multiple additional pHis-containing proteins in all tested neuroblastoma cell lines and in xenograft neuroblastoma tumors, supporting the presence of histidine kinase activity in neuroblastoma cells and demonstrating the potential significance of histidine kinase signaling in neuroblastoma pathogenesis. We have also demonstrated associations between NME1 expression and neuroblastoma cell migration and differentiation. Our demonstration of NME1 histidine phosphorylation in neuroblastoma and of the potential role of NME1 in neuroblastoma cell migration and differentiation suggest a functional role for NME1 in neuroblastoma pathogenesis and open the possibility of identifying new therapeutic targets and developing novel approaches to neuroblastoma therapy.