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Navab R, R A, M A U, P E D, Kamatchi S, Yeragudi Jangamareddy VR. A Comparative Study of Deaths Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic During the First and Second Waves in a Tertiary Care Center of a Rural Area in South India. Cureus 2024; 16:e52184. [PMID: 38348000 PMCID: PMC10859241 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected life and livelihood worldwide, including India, with over five million deaths recorded over two years. In the present study, our objective was to analyze the COVID-19 deaths during the first and second waves in relation to demographic factors and comorbid conditions. Methods This was a hospital-based, retrospective comparative study of COVID-19 deaths that occurred in our hospital during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 210 (6.69%) deaths recorded during both waves of the pandemic were analyzed. Microsoft Excel sheets (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA) were used to collect data from the medical records section, and the data were compiled. Descriptive statistics were used and analyzed using SPSS version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results Out of 3136 inpatients, mortality was 6.69% (n=210). Out of 210 deaths recorded in the study, 34 (2.25%) and 176 (10.7%) were during the first and second waves of the pandemic, respectively. The most common age group affected during the two waves was 50-75 years (67.6% & 47.7%; n=23 & n=84). People from urban (52.9%; n=18) and rural (67%; n=118) backgrounds were affected more during the first and second waves, respectively. Males were affected more (72.8%; n=153) in both waves. Age group (P=0.009) and locality (P=0.026) were statistically significant factors associated with mortality in the two COVID-19 waves. The time interval from admission in the hospital to death was less than seven days in both waves (70.5% & 69.8%; n=24 & n=123). A large number of subjects died after 48 hours of admission during both waves (70% (n=24 & n=124) in each wave). More than half of the subjects who died (52.9% (n=18) & 59% (n=104)) had comorbid conditions in both waves. Diabetes mellitus (17.6%; n=6) and hypertension (23.5%; n=8) were the most common comorbid conditions during the first wave of the pandemic while diabetes mellitus (30.6%; n=54) alone was the most common during the second wave. Conclusion The findings of this study stress the importance of considering demographic factors and geographic locations in understanding the impact of COVID-19, providing valuable inputs for public health interventions and resource allocation in response to similar pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Navab
- Internal Medicine, People's Education Society Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kuppam, IND
| | - Anil R
- Preventive Medicine, People's Education Society Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kuppam, IND
| | - Uma M A
- Internal Medicine, People's Education Society Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kuppam, IND
| | - Dhananjaya P E
- Internal Medicine, People's Education Society Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kuppam, IND
| | - Sangeetha Kamatchi
- Quality Management Services, People's Education Society Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kuppam, IND
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Evaluation and Clinical Validation of Guanidine-Based Inactivation Transport Medium for Preservation of SARS-CoV-2. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2022; 2022:1677621. [PMID: 35873075 PMCID: PMC9301760 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1677621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
WHO declared the outbreak of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, a pandemic in March 2020. More than 223 million cases and approximately 4.6 million deaths have been confirmed. Early diagnosis and immediate treatment became a priority during this pandemic. However, COVID-19 diagnostic testing resources are limited, especially early in the pandemic. Apart from being limited, the COVID-19 diagnostic tests using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) have encountered storage, transportation, and safety issues. These problems are mainly experienced by developing poor countries, countries in the equatorial region, and archipelagic countries. VITPAD® is a guanidine-based inactivation transport medium (ITM) formulated to maintain the RNA quality of SARS-CoV-2 during transportation without cold chains. This study, conducted from September 2020 to March 2021, performed clinical validation of VITPAD® by comparing its performance with a globally commercially available ITM from the NEST brand. Its stability at room temperature, safety, and resistance at high temperatures was also tested using RT-PCR analysis. VITPAD® can reduce the infectious nature of the specimen, preserve the SARS-CoV-2 for 18 days at an ambient temperature, and resist high temperatures (40°C for 3 hours). A guanidine-based transport medium, such as VITPAD®, is compatible and recommended for RT-PCR-based molecular diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Patkar S, Voppuru SR, Thiagarajan S, Niyogi D, Niranjan HS, Nadkarni S, Singh T, Bhandare M, Thakkar P, Rohila J, Biswas S, Epari S, Shetty O, Gurav M, Bapat P, Puri A, Pramesh CS. Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among asymptomatic patients undergoing preoperative COVID testing prior to cancer surgery: ASPECT study. J Surg Oncol 2021; 125:564-569. [PMID: 34783365 PMCID: PMC8662092 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic, with high rate of asymptomatic infections and increased perioperative complications, prompted widespread adoption of screening methods. We analyzed the incidence of asymptomatic infection and perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing cancer surgery. We also studied the impact on subsequent cancer treatment in those with COVID-19. METHODS All patients who underwent elective and emergency cancer surgery from April to September 2020 were included. After screening for symptoms, a preoperative test was performed from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs before the procedure. Patients were followed up for 30 days postoperatively and complications were noted. RESULTS 2108 asymptomatic patients were tested, of which 200 (9.5%) tested positive. Of those who tested positive, 140 (70%) underwent the planned surgery at a median of 30 days from testing positive, and 20 (14.3%) had ≥ Grade III complications. Forty (20%) patients did not receive the intended treatment; 110 patients were retested in the Postoperative period, and 41 (37.3%) tested positive and 9(22%) patients died of COVID-related complications. CONCLUSION Routine preoperative testing for COVID-19 helps to segregate patients with asymptomatic infection. Higher complications occur in those who develop COVID-19 in postoperative period. Prolonged delay in surgery after COVID infection may influence planned treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Patkar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Saiesh R Voppuru
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Shivakumar Thiagarajan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Devayani Niyogi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Hemant S Niranjan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Shravan Nadkarni
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Tejpratap Singh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Manish Bhandare
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Purvi Thakkar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Jitender Rohila
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjay Biswas
- Department of Microbiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sridhar Epari
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Omshree Shetty
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Mamta Gurav
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Prachi Bapat
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Ajay Puri
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - C S Pramesh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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