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Luo F, Geng J, Chen S. Status and Development of Nuclear Medicine Over One Decade in Beijing. World J Nucl Med 2024; 23:73-78. [PMID: 38933075 PMCID: PMC11199036 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1778712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Our objective was to investigate the basic information of the personnel and facilities of nuclear medicine in Beijing. Methods This survey was performed by the Beijing Quality Control Center in 2018. The investigation included personnel, equipment, and clinical applications, and data were then compared with previous surveys. The paper questionnaires were used for the survey, which required information about the personnel, devices, and clinical applications. Results About 38 nuclear medicine departments in Beijing were involved in the survey. The number of nuclear medicine staff was 531 in 2018, showing an increase of 58.7% over the past decade. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) represented the main nuclear medicine facilities, and the total number of surveyed departments was 18, 24, and 34, respectively. The quality control results showed significant improvement from the 2005 levels. The total number of scintigraphy procedures was estimated at 199,607 (153,185 SPECT and 46,422 PET/CT). The estimated annual number of scintigraphy images was 8.9 per 1,000 population for SPECT and 2.7 per 1,000 population for PET/CT during 2018. The most frequent radioiodine-targeted therapy was 131 I-targeted therapy for hyperthyroidism in 2018. Conclusion Nuclear medicine has experienced rapid growth in the past 10 years in Beijing, either in personnel, equipment, and scintigraphy. Future efforts will focus on the use of new isotopes in the diagnosis, implementing quality strategy, and enhancing training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Geng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengzu Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Wehbi EJ, Davis-Dao CA, Williamson SH, Herndon CDA, Chamberlin JD, Dudley AG, Cannon S, Lockwood GM, Kern NG, Zee RS, Braga LH, Welch V, Chuang KW, McGrath M, Stephany HA, Khoury AE. The conundrum of high-grade hydronephrosis with non-obstructive drainage on diuretic renography. J Pediatr Urol 2024; 20 Suppl 1:S11-S17. [PMID: 38906709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with high grade hydronephrosis (HN) and non-obstructive drainage on mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG-3) diuretic renography (renal scans) can pose a dilemma for clinicians. Some patients may progress and require pyeloplasty; however, more clarity is needed on outcomes among these patients. OBJECTIVE Our primary objective was to predict which patients with high-grade HN and non-obstructive renal scan, (defined as T ½ time <20 min) would experience resolution of HN. Our secondary objective was to determine predictors for surgical intervention. STUDY DESIGN Patients with prenatally detected HN were prospectively enrolled from 7 centers from 2007 to 2022. Included patients had a renal scan with T ½<20 min and Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) grade 3 or 4 at last ultrasound (RBUS) prior to renal scan. Primary outcome was resolution of HN defined as SFU grade 1 and anterior posterior diameter of the renal pelvis (APD) < 10 mm on follow-up RBUS. Secondary outcome was pyeloplasty, comparing patients undergoing pyeloplasty with patients followed with serial imaging without resolution. Multivariable logistic regression was used for analysis. RESULTS Of the total 2228 patients, 1311 had isolated HN, 338 patients had a renal scan and 129 met inclusion criteria. Median age at renal scan was 3.1 months, 77% were male and median follow-up was 35 months (IQR 20-49). We found that 22% (29/129) resolved, 42% of patients had pyeloplasty (54/129) and 36% had persistent HN that required follow-up (46/129). Univariate predictors of resolution were age≥3 months at time of renal scan (p = 0.05), T ½ time≤5 min (p = 0.09), SFU grade 3 (p = 0.0009), and APD<20 mm (p = 0.005). Upon multivariable analysis, SFU grade 3 (OR = 4.14, 95% CI: 1.30-13.4, p = 0.02) and APD<20 mm (OR = 6.62, 95% CI: 1.41-31.0, p = 0.02) were significant predictors of resolution. In the analysis of decision for pyeloplasty, SFU grade 4 (OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.01-5.71, p = 0.04) and T ½ time on subsequent renal scan of ≥20 min (OR = 5.14, 95% CI: 1.54-17.1, p = 0.008) were the significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS Patients with high grade HN and reassuring renal scan can pose a significant challenge to clinical management. Our results help identify a specific candidate for observation with little risk for progression: the patient with SFU grade 3, APD under 20 mm, T ½ of 5 min or less who was 3 months or older at the time of renal scan. However, many patients may progress to surgery or do not fully resolve and require continued follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias J Wehbi
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Division of Pediatric Urology, Orange, CA, USA; University of California, Irvine, Department of Urology, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Carol A Davis-Dao
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Division of Pediatric Urology, Orange, CA, USA; University of California, Irvine, Department of Urology, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sarah H Williamson
- Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Division of Urology, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - C D Anthony Herndon
- Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Urology, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Anne G Dudley
- Division of Urology, Department of Research, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Shannon Cannon
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gina M Lockwood
- Department of Urology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nora G Kern
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rebecca S Zee
- Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Urology, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Luis H Braga
- McMaster University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valre Welch
- Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Urology, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kai-Wen Chuang
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Division of Pediatric Urology, Orange, CA, USA; University of California, Irvine, Department of Urology, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Melissa McGrath
- McMaster University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heidi A Stephany
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Division of Pediatric Urology, Orange, CA, USA; University of California, Irvine, Department of Urology, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Antoine E Khoury
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Division of Pediatric Urology, Orange, CA, USA; University of California, Irvine, Department of Urology, Irvine, CA, USA
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Camoni L, Santos A, Luporsi M, Grilo A, Pietrzak A, Gear J, Zucchetta P, Bar-Sever Z. EANM procedural recommendations for managing the paediatric patient in diagnostic nuclear medicine. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3862-3879. [PMID: 37555902 PMCID: PMC10611649 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The manuscript aims to characterize the principles of best practice in performing nuclear medicine procedures in paediatric patients. The paper describes all necessary technical skills that should be developed by the healthcare professionals to ensure the best possible care in paediatric patients, as it is particularly challenging due to psychological and physical conditions of children. METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature review to establish the most relevant elements of nuclear medicine studies in paediatric patients. We focused the attention to the technical aspects of the study, such as patient preparation, imaging protocols, and immobilization techniques, that adhere to best practice principles. Furthermore, we considered the psychological elements of working with children, including comforting and distraction strategies. RESULTS The extensive literature review combined with practical conclusions and recommendations presented and explained by the authors summarizes the most important principles of the care for paediatric patient in the nuclear medicine field. CONCLUSION Nuclear medicine applied to the paediatric patient is a very special and challenging area, requiring proper education and experience in order to be performed at the highest level and with the maximum safety for the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Camoni
- University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili Di Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Andrea Santos
- Nuclear Medicine Department, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marie Luporsi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- LITO Laboratory INSERM U1288, Institut Curie, 91440, Orsay, France
| | - Ana Grilo
- H&TRC - Health and Technology Research Center, ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Agata Pietrzak
- Electroradiology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jonathan Gear
- Joint Department of Physics, Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Pietro Zucchetta
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Padova University Hospital, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Zvi Bar-Sever
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
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Lu Y, Xing M, Song J. Design and Implementation of Balance Ability Assessment Training System for Special Children Based on Education Cloud Integration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:9359367. [PMID: 36200090 PMCID: PMC9529428 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9359367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many children with special needs have body balance disorders, which will not only bring inconvenience to their daily lives but also have a certain impact on their spirits, making them insecure. It will lead to a decline in their social skills, which will also seriously affect their study and work as well as reduce their quality of life. The purpose of this paper is to design and discuss a system for evaluating and training the balance ability of children with special needs based on the integration of education cloud. The balance ability evaluation module of the system performs a series of calculations on the projection coordinates of the center of gravity of the human body in various postures, and the obtained parameter values are the basis of the evaluation. This paper analyzes the role of education cloud integration in the evaluation of balance ability of special children, evaluates and trains the balance ability of special children, and verifies the feasibility of the balance ability evaluation and training system for special children. This study found that in a feasibility trial evaluating the balance ability of children with special needs, the balance stability of the tested children was improved, and the overall balance ability improved by 60%. The balance ability evaluation training system developed in this paper can effectively improve the independent standing ability of young children. Children over the age of 4 do not have any difficulties in understanding and mastering movements, and training difficulties for children are also applicable. At the same time, the results of these exercises also showed that this kind of exercise can help children maintain their balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- College of Education, Tongren University, Guizhou, China 554300
| | - Mingming Xing
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Guizhou, China 554300
| | - Jian Song
- College of Education, Tongren University, Guizhou, China 554300
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Sun J, Yuan X. Application of Artificial Intelligence Nuclear Medicine Automated Images Based on Deep Learning in Tumor Diagnosis. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:7247549. [PMID: 35140903 PMCID: PMC8820925 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7247549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to correctly obtain normal tissues and organs and tumor lesions, the research on multimodal medical image segmentation based on deep learning fully automatic segmentation algorithm is more meaningful. This article aims to study the application of deep learning-based artificial intelligence nuclear medicine automated images in tumor diagnosis. This paper studies the methods to improve the accuracy of the segmentation algorithm from the perspective of boundary recognition and shape changeable adaptive capabilities, studies the active contour model based on boundary constraints, and proposes a superpixel boundary-aware convolution network to realize the automatic CT cutting algorithm. In this way, the tumor image can be cut more accurately. The experimental results in this paper show that the improved algorithm in this paper is more robust than the traditional CT algorithm in terms of accuracy and sensitivity, an increase of about 12%, and a slight increase in the negative prediction rate of 3%. In the comparison of cutting images of malignant tumors, the cutting effect of the algorithm in this paper is about 34% higher than that of the traditional algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Health Management Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
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Gernhold C, Kundtner N, Steinmair M, Henkel M, Oswald J, Haid B. Sedation Rate Reduction in Paediatric Renal Nuclear Medicine Examinations: Consequences of a Targeted Audit. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8050424. [PMID: 34065386 PMCID: PMC8160837 DOI: 10.3390/children8050424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Nuclear medicine investigations are essential diagnostic tools in paediatric urology. Child-orientated examination techniques and the avoidance of sedation or anaesthesia vary in different institutions. We aimed at evaluating child friendly measures in our department to identify the potential for improvement. Based on these data, we changed the standards regarding the sedation policy and consequently re-evaluated sedation rates. Methods: Four-hundred thirty-five consecutive investigations were evaluated regarding the need for sedation, outcome and patient satisfaction at our department. After the revision of our department standards, we re-evaluated 159 examinations. Statistical analysis was performed with JUMBO (Java-supported Münsterian biometrical platform). Results: Eighty-six percent (60/70) would agree to perform an investigation under identical conditions again. Seventy-seven percent (17/22) of eligible patients >5 years of age felt good during the investigation. By changing our sedation policy, we could reduce the sedation rate from 27.1% to 7.5% (p < 0.0001; OR 0.219 95% CI 0.111–0.423). Conclusion: The evaluation of child friendly examination protocols demonstrated high reliability and patient satisfaction using situational sedation with a relatively high proportion of patients being sedated. Through protocol adaption with clear age limits, individual indication and education of staff, as well as the use of optimized sedatives, the need for sedation could be further reduced whilst maintaining a high patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Gernhold
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Hospital of the Sisters of Charity, Seilerstätte 4, 4020 Linz, Austria; (N.K.); (J.O.); (B.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nina Kundtner
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Hospital of the Sisters of Charity, Seilerstätte 4, 4020 Linz, Austria; (N.K.); (J.O.); (B.H.)
| | - Martin Steinmair
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital of the Sisters of Charity, Seilerstätte 4, 4020 Linz, Austria;
| | - Martin Henkel
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital of the Sisters of Charity Seilerstätte 4, 4020 Linz, Austria;
| | - Josef Oswald
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Hospital of the Sisters of Charity, Seilerstätte 4, 4020 Linz, Austria; (N.K.); (J.O.); (B.H.)
| | - Bernhard Haid
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Hospital of the Sisters of Charity, Seilerstätte 4, 4020 Linz, Austria; (N.K.); (J.O.); (B.H.)
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[Use of radiopharmaceuticals in pediatrics: Specificities and recommandations of SoFRa (Société française de radiopharmacie)]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2020; 79:230-243. [PMID: 33159849 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiopharmaceuticals are commonly used in children in nuclear medicine. Because of physiological differences in growing children and their radiosensitivity, precautions must be taken throughout the medication use process. The aim of this work is to propose recommendations, under the aegis of the Société française de radiopharmacie (SoFRa), for each subsystem of the process, in order to ensure the safety of pediatric patients. Furthermore, an analysis of two surveys on diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals dosage used in different nuclear medicine departments in France is detailed. Recommendations for therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals are also provided. Specificities of the preparation for pediatric patients are discussed through the example of the radiopharmaceuticals for lung perfusion scintigraphy. The preparation of individual dose and administration are also described. In nuclear medicine, radiopharmacist's expertise is essential for patient safety. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to secure pediatric radiopharmaceutical use process.
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8
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Knopp MU, Binzel K, Wright CL, Zhang J, Knopp MV. Enhancing Patient Experience With Internet Protocol Addressable Digital Light-Emitting Diode Lighting in Imaging Environments: A Phase I Study. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e11839. [PMID: 32530434 PMCID: PMC7320305 DOI: 10.2196/11839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conventional approaches to improve the quality of clinical patient imaging studies focus predominantly on updating or replacing imaging equipment; however, it is often not considered that patients can also highly influence the diagnostic quality of clinical imaging studies. Patient-specific artifacts can limit the diagnostic image quality, especially when patients are uncomfortable, anxious, or agitated. Imaging facility or environmental conditions can also influence the patient’s comfort and willingness to participate in diagnostic imaging studies, especially when performed in visually unesthetic, anxiety-inducing, and technology-intensive imaging centers. When given the opportunity to change a single aspect of the environmental or imaging facility experience, patients feel much more in control of the otherwise unfamiliar and uncomfortable setting. Incorporating commercial, easily adaptable, ambient lighting products within clinical imaging environments allows patients to individually customize their environment for a more personalized and comfortable experience. Objective The aim of this pilot study was to use a customizable colored light-emitting diode (LED) lighting system within a clinical imaging environment and demonstrate the feasibility and initial findings of enabling healthy subjects to customize the ambient lighting and color. Improving the patient experience within clinical imaging environments with patient-preferred ambient lighting and color may improve overall patient comfort, compliance, and participation in the imaging study and indirectly contribute to improving diagnostic image quality. Methods We installed consumer-based internet protocol addressable LED lights using the ZigBee standard in different imaging rooms within a clinical imaging environment. We recruited healthy volunteers (n=35) to generate pilot data in order to develop a subsequent clinical trial. The visual perception assessment procedure utilized questionnaires with preprogrammed light/color settings and further assessed how subjects preferred ambient light and color within a clinical imaging setting. Results Technical implementation using programmable LED lights was performed without any hardware or electrical modifications to the existing clinical imaging environment. Subject testing revealed substantial variabilities in color perception; however, clear trends in subject color preference were noted. In terms of the color hue of the imaging environment, 43% (15/35) found blue and 31% (11/35) found yellow to be the most relaxing. Conversely, 69% (24/35) found red, 17% (6/35) found yellow, and 11% (4/35) found green to be the least relaxing. Conclusions With the majority of subjects indicating that colored lighting within a clinical imaging environment would contribute to an improved patient experience, we predict that enabling patients to customize environmental factors like lighting and color to individual preferences will improve patient comfort and patient satisfaction. Improved patient comfort in clinical imaging environments may also help to minimize patient-specific imaging artifacts that can otherwise limit diagnostic image quality. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03456895; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03456895
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie U Knopp
- Department of Sports Medicine, Seaver College, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Wright Center of Innovation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katherine Binzel
- Department of Radiology, Wright Center of Innovation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Chadwick L Wright
- Department of Radiology, Wright Center of Innovation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Wright Center of Innovation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Michael V Knopp
- Department of Radiology, Wright Center of Innovation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Giovanella L, Avram AM, Iakovou I, Kwak J, Lawson SA, Lulaj E, Luster M, Piccardo A, Schmidt M, Tulchinsky M, Verburg FA, Wolin E. EANM practice guideline/SNMMI procedure standard for RAIU and thyroid scintigraphy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:2514-2525. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Zucchetta P. Letter From the Guest Editor. Semin Nucl Med 2017; 47:100-101. [PMID: 28236997 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Zucchetta
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED University-Hospital of Padova, Italy.
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