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Nebbioso M, Franzone F, Lambiase A, Bonfiglio V, Limoli PG, Artico M, Taurone S, Vingolo EM, Greco A, Polimeni A. Oxidative Stress Implication in Retinal Diseases-A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091790. [PMID: 36139862 PMCID: PMC9495599 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) refers to an imbalance between free radicals (FRs), namely highly reactive molecules normally generated in our body by several pathways, and intrinsic antioxidant capacity. When FR levels overwhelm intrinsic antioxidant defenses, OS occurs, inducing a series of downstream chemical reactions. Both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are produced by numerous chemical reactions that take place in tissues and organs and are then eliminated by antioxidant molecules. In particular, the scientific literature focuses more on ROS participation in the pathogenesis of diseases than on the role played by RNS. By its very nature, the eye is highly exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which is directly responsible for increased OS. In this review, we aimed to focus on the retinal damage caused by ROS/RNS and the related retinal pathologies. A deeper understanding of the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in retinal damage is needed in order to develop targeted therapeutic interventions to slow these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Nebbioso
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Alessandro Lambiase
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenza Bonfiglio
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Ophthalmology Section, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Marco Artico
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Enzo Maria Vingolo
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome 5, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Graziosi A, Perrotta M, Russo D, Gasparroni G, D’Egidio C, Marinelli B, Di Marzio G, Falconio G, Mastropasqua L, Li Volti G, Mangifesta R, Gazzolo D. Oxidative Stress Markers and the Retinopathy of Prematurity. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092711. [PMID: 32825796 PMCID: PMC7563779 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of potentially preventable blindness in low birth weight preterm infants. Several perinatal and postnatal factors contribute to the incomplete maturation of retinal vascularization, leading to oxidative stress damage. Literature data suggest that the lack of equilibrium between pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants plays a key role. In the last decade, there has been an increasing interest in identifying the antecedents of ROP and the relevant pathogenic mechanisms involved. In this context, a panel of biomarkers was investigated in order to achieve early detection of oxidative stress occurrence and to prevent retinal damage. Several nutritional elements have been found to play a relevant role in ROP prevention. At this stage, no conclusive data have been shown to support the usefulness of one biomarker over another. Recently, the Food and Drugs Administration, the European Medicine Agency, and the National Institute of Health proposed a series of criteria in order to promote the inclusion of new biomarkers in perinatal clinical guidelines and daily practice. The aim of the present review is to offer an update on a panel of biomarkers, currently investigated as potential predictors of ROP, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Graziosi
- Neonatal Intensive Unit Care, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.G.); (M.P.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (C.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University “G. d’ Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marika Perrotta
- Neonatal Intensive Unit Care, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.G.); (M.P.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (C.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University “G. d’ Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Daniele Russo
- Neonatal Intensive Unit Care, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.G.); (M.P.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (C.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University “G. d’ Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gasparroni
- Neonatal Intensive Unit Care, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.G.); (M.P.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (C.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University “G. d’ Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudia D’Egidio
- Neonatal Intensive Unit Care, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.G.); (M.P.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (C.D.)
| | | | - Guido Di Marzio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University “G. D’ Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.D.M.); (G.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Gennaro Falconio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University “G. D’ Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.D.M.); (G.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Leonardo Mastropasqua
- Department of Ophthalmology, University “G. D’ Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.D.M.); (G.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy;
| | | | - Diego Gazzolo
- Neonatal Intensive Unit Care, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.G.); (M.P.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0871-358221
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Alteration of erythrocyte membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids in preterm newborns with retinopathy of prematurity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7930. [PMID: 31138879 PMCID: PMC6538605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44476-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremely preterm infants are at high risk for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a potentially blinding disease characterized by abnormalities in retinal vascularization. Whereas animal studies revealed that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may be of benefit in preventing ROP, human studies conducted on preterm infants during the 1st weeks of life showed no association between blood n-3 PUFA bioavailability and ROP incidence and/or severity, probably because of the influence of nutrition on the lipid status of infants. In the OmegaROP prospective cohort study, we characterized the erythrocyte concentrations of PUFAs in preterm infants aged less than 29 weeks gestational age (GA) without any nutritional influence. We show that GA is positively associated with the erythrocyte n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio, and particularly with the ratio of arachidonic acid (AA) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in infants with ROP. A time-dependent accumulation of AA at the expense of DHA seems to occur in utero in erythrocytes of preterm infants who will develop ROP, thus reinforcing previous data on the beneficial properties of DHA on this disease. In addition, preliminary data on maternal erythrocyte membrane lipid concentrations suggest modifications in placental transfer of fatty acids. Documenting the erythrocyte AA to DHA ratio at birth in larger cohorts might be useful to set up new prognostic factors for ROP.
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Traub T, Said M, Mohamed M, Aly H. Carbon dioxide and retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low birth weight infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 33:2882-2888. [PMID: 30572751 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1562545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) during the first 3 days of life and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants.Patients and methods: A retrospective evaluation of data on ELBW infants were collected over a period of 4 years. Data during the first 72 hours of life was divided into six, 12-hour epochs. The average highest and overall means of PCO2, PO2, FiO2, and glucose were calculated for each epoch. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between PCO2 and ROP after controlling for covariables.Results: A total of 78 neonates were included: birth weight (BW) (703 ± 157 g) and gestational age (25 ± 1.4 weeks). A total of 45 out of 78 had ROP: stage 1 (N = 8), stage 2 (N = 26), stage 3 (N = 14), and plus (N = 4). The overall mean PCO2 correlated with ROP in the first 72 hours of life (R = 0.31, p = .0069). This correlation was significant in epochs 2 (p = .049), 4 (p = .008) and 6 (p = .038). The average of the highest PCO2 also correlated with ROP in the first 72 hours of life (R = 0.38, p = .0007). This correlation was significant in epochs 2 (p = .0115), 4 (p = .0011), 5 (p = .028) and 6 (p = .037). The correlation between the stage of ROP and PCO2 was significant after controlling for PO2 and glucose concentrations. Other variables that correlated with ROP were the overall means of FiO2 (R = 0.23, p = .04), PO2 (R = 0.39, p = .0005) and glucose (R = 0.39, p = .0004) as well as the average highest concentrations of FiO2 (R = 0.26, p = .025), PO2 (R = 0.38, p = .0008) and glucose (R = 0.34, p = .007).Conclusion: After controlling for confounding variables, ROP correlated with the overall means and average highest PCO2. ROP also correlated with FiO2, PO2 and glucose concentrations. Further studies are needed to define the safe PCO2 range and the effect of PCO2 on the normal development of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri Traub
- Department of Neonatology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Newborn Services, The George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mariam Said
- Department of Neonatology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Newborn Services, The George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mohamed Mohamed
- Department of Neonatology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Newborn Services, The George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hany Aly
- Department of Neonatology, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Zhang HB, Wang XD, Xu K, Li XG. The progress of prophylactic treatment in retinopathy of prematurity. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:858-873. [PMID: 29862189 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.05.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinal vascular disorder frequently found in premature infants. Different therapeutic strategies have been developed to treat ROP. However, there are still many children with ROP suffering by severe limitations in vision or even blindness. Recently, ROP has been suggested to be caused by abnormal development of the retinal vasculature, but not simply resulted by retinal neovascularization which takes about 4 to 6wk after birth in premature infants. Thus, instead of focusing on how to reduce retinal neovascularization, understanding the pathological changes and mechanisms that occur prior to retinal neovascularization is meaningful, which may lead to identify novel target(s) for the development of novel strategy to promote the healthy growth of retinal blood vessels rather than passively waiting for the appearance of retinal neovascularization and removing it by force. In this review, we discussed recent studies about, 1) the pathogenesis prior to retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR; a ROP in animal model) and in premature infants with ROP; 2) the preclinical and clinical research on preventive treatment of early OIR and ROP. We will not only highlight the importance of the mechanisms and signalling pathways in regulating early stage of ROP but also will provide guidance for actively exploring novel mechanisms and discovering novel treatments for early phase OIR and ROP prior to retinal neovascularization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bing Zhang
- Eye Institute of Shaanxi Province; Xi'an First Hospital, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Eye Institute of Shaanxi Province; Xi'an First Hospital, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Eye Institute of Shaanxi Province; Xi'an First Hospital, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Caron Salloum A, Rakza T, Diependaele JF, Depoortere MH, Delepoulle F, Storme L. [Risk of accumulation of CO₂ in the oxygen chamber in "HOOD" (Experimental study on test bed)]. ANNALES FRANCAISES D'ANESTHESIE ET DE REANIMATION 2011; 30:718-721. [PMID: 21816562 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxygen hood is largely used to deliver O₂ to newborn infants with respiratory failure in the northern region of France. The oxygen flow is set to obtain the target arterial blood oxygen saturation. Thus, O₂ flow delivers into the hood may be below the recommended gas flow of 6L/min. However, gas flow below 6L/min exposes to CO₂ rebreathing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of various rates of gas flows on the values of partial pressure of CO₂ into the hood. MATERIAL AND METHODS We measured CO₂ and O₂ partial pressure into hoods of two different volumes (4 and 10L) under two experimental bench test conditions. Protocol 1: gas flow was constant at 6L/min, while oxygen fraction varied from 0.21 to 1. Partial pressure of CO₂ and O₂ were recorded. Protocol 2: while O₂ fraction was kept constant, oxygen flow varied from 0.5 to 7L/min (by step of 0.5L/min). Partial pressure of CO₂ and O₂ were recorded. RESULTS Partial pressure of CO₂ increases proportionally to the decrease in the gas flow delivered into the hood, and reached 14 mmHg at gas flow of 0.5L/min. CONCLUSION Risk of CO₂ rebreathing exists as soon as the gas is delivered into the hood at minimal flow rates below 6L/min.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caron Salloum
- Service de Néonatologie, CH de Dunkerque, 130, avenue Louis-Herbeaux, 59385 Dunkerque cedex 1, France
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Stahl A, Krohne TU, Sapieha P, Chen J, Hellstrom A, Chew E, Holz FG, Smith LEH. Lipid metabolites in the pathogenesis and treatment of neovascular eye disease. Br J Ophthalmol 2011; 95:1496-501. [PMID: 21421650 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2010.194241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipids and lipid metabolites have long been known to play biological roles that go beyond energy storage and membrane structure. In age-related macular degeneration and diabetes, for example, dysregulation of lipid metabolism is closely associated with disease onset and progression. At the same time, some lipids and their metabolites can exert beneficial effects in the same disorders. This review summarises our current knowledge of the contributions of lipids to both the pathogenesis and treatment of neovascular eye disease. The clinical entities covered are exudative age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity, with a special emphasis on the potential therapeutic effects of ω3- (also known as n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stahl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Establishing gas exchange and improving oxygenation in the delivery room management of the lung. Adv Neonatal Care 2010; 10:256-60. [PMID: 20838076 DOI: 10.1097/anc.0b013e3181f0836d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
One of the components of promoting good outcomes in high-risk neonates is supporting normal gas exchange while avoiding lung injury. Respiratory care in the first hour following birth plays an important role in stabilizing the infant with respiratory problems. The goal of this article is to review the causes of lung injury that can occur in the first hour and that could be prevented with careful respiratory support.
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Castro Conde J, Echániz Urcelay I, Botet Mussons F, Pallás Alonso C, Narbona E, Sánchez Luna M. Retinopatía de la prematuridad. Recomendaciones para la prevención, el cribado y el tratamiento. An Pediatr (Barc) 2009; 71:514-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Revised: 07/04/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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van Wijngaarden P, Brereton HM, Coster DJ, Williams KA. Hereditary influences in oxygen-induced retinopathy in the rat. Doc Ophthalmol 2009; 120:87-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s10633-009-9196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
UNLABELLED 'Permissive hypercapnia' is a familiar term in neonatal intensive care, given the widespread adoption of low-tidal-volume ventilation strategies applied with the goal of decreasing respiratory morbidity. Recent evidence suggesting that hypercapnic acidosis may itself have protective effects on the lung and other organs has led to the coining of a new phrase, 'therapeutic hypercapnia', which also encompasses the use of supplemental inspired CO(2). CONCLUSION Experimental evidence suggests that mild-moderate hypercapnia can improve tissue oxygenation and perfusion, which may ameliorate injury to the immature lung and brain. However, hypercapnia may also be associated with adverse outcomes, and the range of PaCO(2) levels that are both safe and effective for specific subsets of neonates has yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Jankov
- Department of Paediatric, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
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Pérez Rodríguez J, Peralta Calvo J. [Retinopathy of prematurity in the first decade of the XXI century: two sides of the same coin]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2007; 66:549-50. [PMID: 17583614 DOI: 10.1157/13107387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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