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Nakamura M, Yaku H, Ako J, Arai H, Asai T, Chikamori T, Daida H, Doi K, Fukui T, Ito T, Kadota K, Kobayashi J, Komiya T, Kozuma K, Nakagawa Y, Nakao K, Niinami H, Ohno T, Ozaki Y, Sata M, Takanashi S, Takemura H, Ueno T, Yasuda S, Yokoyama H, Fujita T, Kasai T, Kohsaka S, Kubo T, Manabe S, Matsumoto N, Miyagawa S, Mizuno T, Motomura N, Numata S, Nakajima H, Oda H, Otake H, Otsuka F, Sasaki KI, Shimada K, Shimokawa T, Shinke T, Suzuki T, Takahashi M, Tanaka N, Tsuneyoshi H, Tojo T, Une D, Wakasa S, Yamaguchi K, Akasaka T, Hirayama A, Kimura K, Kimura T, Matsui Y, Miyazaki S, Okamura Y, Ono M, Shiomi H, Tanemoto K. JCS 2018 Guideline on Revascularization of Stable Coronary Artery Disease. Circ J 2022; 86:477-588. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-20-1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nakamura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center
| | - Hitoshi Yaku
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Junya Ako
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Hirokuni Arai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Tohru Asai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kiyoshi Doi
- General and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toshihiro Fukui
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Toshiaki Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital
| | | | - Junjiro Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Tatsuhiko Komiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kurashiki Central Hospital
| | - Ken Kozuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Yoshihisa Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Koichi Nakao
- Division of Cardiology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Cardiovascular Center
| | - Hiroshi Niinami
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
| | - Takayuki Ohno
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mitsui Memorial Hospital
| | - Yukio Ozaki
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University Hospital
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | | | - Hirofumi Takemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | | | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Hitoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Tomoyuki Fujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Tokuo Kasai
- Department of Cardiology, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Uonuma Kikan Hospital
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University
| | - Susumu Manabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital
| | | | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Frontier of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Tomohiro Mizuno
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Noboru Motomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Toho University
| | - Satoshi Numata
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Hiroyuki Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Hirotaka Oda
- Department of Cardiology, Niigata City General Hospital
| | - Hiromasa Otake
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Fumiyuki Otsuka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Ken-ichiro Sasaki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Kazunori Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomoki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sakakibara Heart Institute
| | - Toshiro Shinke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Tomoaki Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Masao Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hiratsuka Kyosai Hospital
| | - Nobuhiro Tanaka
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center
| | | | - Taiki Tojo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Dai Une
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama Medical Center
| | - Satoru Wakasa
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Koji Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takashi Akasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University
| | | | - Kazuo Kimura
- Cardiovascular Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Yoshiro Matsui
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Shunichi Miyazaki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University
| | | | - Minoru Ono
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hiroki Shiomi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Kazuo Tanemoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School
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Myocardial ischemia and its complications. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822224-9.00022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Calafiore AM, Totaro A, Prapas S, Katsavrias K, Guarracini S, Lorusso R, Paparella D, Di Mauro M. A historical appraisal of the techniques of left ventricular volume reduction in ischemic cardiomyopathy: Who did what? J Card Surg 2021; 37:409-414. [PMID: 34812531 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.16144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Resection or exclusion of scars following a myocardial infarction on the left anterior descending artery territory started even before the beginning of the modern era of cardiac surgery. Many techniques were developed, but there is still confusion on who did what. The original techniques underwent modifications that brought to a variety of apparently new procedures that, however, were only a "revisitation" of what described before. In some case, old techniques were reproposed and renamed, without giving credit to the surgeon that was the original designer. Herein we try to describe which are the seminal procedures and some of the most important modifications, respecting however the merit of who first communicated the procedure to the scientific world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Totaro
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences Gemelli Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Sotirios Prapas
- Division of Cardiac Surgery A, Henry Dunant Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas Katsavrias
- Division of Cardiac Surgery A, Henry Dunant Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Roberto Lorusso
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Santa Maria Hospital GVM, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Domenico Paparella
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Di Mauro
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Santa Maria Hospital GVM, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Behnes M, Schupp T, Mashayekhi K, Akin I. 'Off-pump' left ventricular reconstruction - A causal and less invasive surgical option for patients with advanced systolic heart failure? Eur J Heart Fail 2020; 22:581-583. [PMID: 32086997 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Behnes
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Schupp
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kambis Mashayekhi
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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Hassanabad AF, MacQueen KT, Ali I. Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial: A review of outcomes. J Card Surg 2019; 34:1075-1082. [DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fatehi Hassanabad
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Calgary Calgary Canada
| | - Kelsey T. MacQueen
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Calgary Calgary Canada
| | - Imtiaz Ali
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Calgary Calgary Canada
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Wakasa S, Matsui Y, Kobayashi J, Cho Y, Yaku H, Matsumiya G, Isomura T, Takanashi S, Usui A, Sakata R, Komiya T, Sawa Y, Saiki Y, Shimizu H, Yamaguchi A, Hamano K, Arai H. Estimating postoperative left ventricular volume: Identification of responders to surgical ventricular reconstruction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 156:2088-2096.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Komeda M, Uchiyama H, Fujiwara S, Ujiie T. "Frozen Apex" Repair of a Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 30:406-411. [PMID: 30012371 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We try to make surgical ventricular restoration simpler and more adjustable to safely enhance ventricular function. In eight patients with DiDonato type III dilated cardiomyopathy, we applied a few short-axis purse-string sutures to the endocardial side of the left ventricular apex ("Frozen-Apex" restoration) to make a smaller, cone-shaped apex, based on the concept that the left ventricular apex is important in its existence, but not in its function. The procedure took less than 15 minutes in all the patients. There was no hospital or late death with the follow-up of 549 ± 389 days. Mid-late postoperatively, New York Heart Association functional class changed from 3.5 ± 0.8 (preoperative) to 1.6 ± 0.6 (P = 0.000 vs preoperative), left ventricular diastolic diameter from 64 ± 16 to 61 ± 15 mm, systolic diameter from 57 ± 15 to 50 ± 17mm (P = 0.070), ejection fraction from 27 ± 10 to 40 ± 16% (P = 0.014). Diastolic function as assessed by the ratio of the early to late ventricular filling velocities, the ratio of mitral annular early diastolic velocity to early mitral inflow velocity, and estimated right ventricular pressure remained at the similar level to preoperative one. The new ventricular restoration was associated with better systolic left ventricular function without deteriorating diastolic one. It may improve the outcome of the treatment of selected patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Komeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Iseikai Hospital, Osaka, Japan..
| | - Hirotomo Uchiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Iseikai Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoji Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Iseikai Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshimi Ujiie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Iseikai Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Cirillo M, Campana M, Brunelli F, Dalla Tomba M, Mhagna Z, Messina A, Villa E, Natalini G, Troise G. Time series analysis of physiologic left ventricular reconstruction in ischemic cardiomyopathy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 152:382-91. [PMID: 27167021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The history of left ventricular reconstruction has demonstrated that the full spectrum of recoverable physiologic parameters is essential for a good functional result. We report the long-term outcome of a new surgical technique that arranges myocardial fibers in a near-normal disposition, also recovering left ventricular twisting. METHODS Between May 2006 and October 2013, 29 consecutive patients with previous anterior myocardial infarction and heart failure symptoms underwent physiologic left ventricular reconstruction surgery and coronary revascularization. Patients were examined by means of standard echocardiography and 2-dimensional speckle tracking at 8 time steps until 7 years after surgery. Ten geometric and functional parameters were evaluated at each step and analyzed by the linear mixed model test. RESULTS Hospital mortality was 0%. The mean percentage of indexed end-diastolic and end-systolic volume reduction was 45.7% and 50.9%, respectively. Ejection fraction and all of the volumes were significantly different in the postoperative period with a steady correction during time. Diastolic parameters were not worsened by surgical reconstruction. Ejection fraction and deceleration time showed a significant improvement during time. Left ventricular torsion increased immediately after the surgical correction from 2.8 ± 4.4 degrees to 8.7 ± 3.9 degrees (P = .02) and was still present 4 years after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Surgical conduction of ventricular reconstruction should be standardized to achieve the full spectrum of recoverable physiologic parameters. The renewal of ventricular torsion should be pursued as an adjunctive element of ventricular efficiency, mainly in ventricles that work at a critical level in the Frank-Starling relationship and pressure-volume loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cirillo
- Heart Failure Surgery Unit, Poliambulanza Foundation Hospital, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Marco Campana
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Cardiology Unit, Cardiovascular Department, Poliambulanza Foundation Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federico Brunelli
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Cardiovascular Department, Poliambulanza Foundation Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Margherita Dalla Tomba
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Cardiovascular Department, Poliambulanza Foundation Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Zean Mhagna
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Cardiovascular Department, Poliambulanza Foundation Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Messina
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Cardiovascular Department, Poliambulanza Foundation Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emmanuel Villa
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Cardiovascular Department, Poliambulanza Foundation Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Natalini
- Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Department, Poliambulanza Foundation Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Troise
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Cardiovascular Department, Poliambulanza Foundation Hospital, Brescia, Italy
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Pathobiology of Ischemic Heart Disease: Past, Present and Future. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016; 25:214-220. [PMID: 26897485 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides a perspective on knowledge of ischemic heart disease (IHD) obtained from the contemporary era of research which began in the 1960s and has continued to the present day. Important discoveries have been made by basic and translational scientists and clinicians. Pathologists have contributed significantly to insights obtained from experimental studies and clinicopathological studies in humans. The review also provides a perspective for future directions in research in IHD aimed at increasing basic knowledge and developing additional therapeutic options for patients with IHD.
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Tanaka A, Kawaji K, Patel AR, Tabata Y, Burke MC, Gupta MP, Ota T. In situ constructive myocardial remodeling of extracellular matrix patch enhanced with controlled growth factor release. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 150:1280-90.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Buja LM. Coronary Artery Disease: Pathological Anatomy and Pathogenesis. Coron Artery Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-2828-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Di Mauro M, Iaco AL, Bencivenga S, Clemente D, Marcon S, Asif M, Di Saverio MC, Romano S, Gallina S, Penco M, Calafiore AM. Left ventricular surgical remodelling: is it a matter of shape or volume? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 47:473-9; discussion 479. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezu186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Mewhort HEM, Turnbull JD, Meijndert HC, Ngu JMC, Fedak PWM. Epicardial infarct repair with basic fibroblast growth factor-enhanced CorMatrix-ECM biomaterial attenuates postischemic cardiac remodeling. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 147:1650-9. [PMID: 24075463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dysregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) following myocardial infarction is a key contributor to myocardial fibrosis, chamber dilation, and progression to heart failure. Basic fibroblast growth factor is a potent inhibitor of fibrosis. We propose a novel surgical procedure leveraging a commercially available ECM biomaterial for the treatment of ischemic heart failure. METHODS Epicardial infarct repair using CorMatrix-ECM biomaterial patch (CorMatrix Cardiovascular Inc, Roswell, Ga) was compared with sham in a rat myocardial infarction model. Key indices of ischemic remodeling, including inflammation, fibrosis, and myocardial performance were evaluated 16 weeks post-treatment. RESULTS Histology and immunohistochemistry demonstrated comprehensive integration of CorMatrix-ECM biomaterial patch without evidence of immune reaction and an increase in basic fibroblast growth factor expression in treated animals. Functional analysis by serial echocardiography of normal (n = 13), sham (n = 15), nonenhanced CorMatrix-ECM patch (n = 18), and basic fibroblast growth factor-enhanced CorMatrix-ECM patch (n = 10) animals revealed an improvement in ejection fraction in basic fibroblast growth factor-enhanced CorMatrix-ECM patch animals compared with shams (55.3% ± 8.0% vs 35.1% ± 7.6%; P < .001). Prevention of left ventricle remodeling was also confirmed by pressure volume loop analysis, which demonstrated reduced left ventricular end diastolic volumes in basic fibroblast growth factor-enhanced CorMatrix-ECM patch animals (n = 5) compared with shams (n = 6) (208.0 ± 59.3 μL vs 363. 1 ± 108.7 μL; P < .01) and improved left ventricle contractility in nonenhanced CorMatrix-ECM patch (n = 7) and basic fibroblast growth factor-enhanced CorMatrix-ECM patch animals compared with shams (0.709 ± 0.306 and 0.609 ± 0.160 vs 0.437 ± 0.218; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Epicardial infarct repair with basic growth factor-enhanced CorMatrix-ECM biomaterial patch attenuates myocardial remodeling and improves cardiac performance after subacute myocardial infarction in a rat coronary ligation model. These observations establish proof-of-concept for this novel surgical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly E M Mewhort
- Campbell Cardiovascular Translational Research Program, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeannine D Turnbull
- Campbell Cardiovascular Translational Research Program, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - H Christopher Meijndert
- Campbell Cardiovascular Translational Research Program, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Janet M C Ngu
- Campbell Cardiovascular Translational Research Program, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul W M Fedak
- Campbell Cardiovascular Translational Research Program, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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