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Ishii K, Fusegi M, Mori T, Teshima K, Ninomiya N, Kohno K, Sato A, Ishida T, Miyakoshi Y, Yano T. A Redox-Silent Analogue of Tocotrienol May Break the Homeostasis of Proteasomes in Human Malignant Mesothelioma Cells by Inhibiting STAT3 and NRF1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052655. [PMID: 35269802 PMCID: PMC8910454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
6-O-Carboxypropyl-alpha-tocotrienol (α-T3E) is a multi-target redox-silent analogue of tocotrienol that exhibits cytotoxicity against many cancer cells, including malignant mesothelioma (MM) cells. α-T3E has several molecular targets to effectively induce cytotoxicity against MM cells; however, the mechanisms underlying this cytotoxicity remain unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that the α-T3E-dependent disruption of the homeostasis of proteasomes strongly induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which resulted in effective cytotoxicity against MM cells. The α-T3E-dependent disruption of the homeostasis of proteasomes depended on decreases in proteasome subunits via the inactivation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-1 (NRF1), which inhibited protease activity, such as chymotrypsin-like activity, in proteasomes. The α-T3E-dependent inhibition of this activity also induced severe ER stress and ultimately resulted in effective cytotoxicity against MM cells with chemoresistance. The present results indicate that α-T3E acts as an effective anti-mesothelioma agent by disrupting the homeostasis of proteasomes through the simultaneous inactivation of STAT3 and NRF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyota Ishii
- Laboratory of Molecular Bromacology, Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, Oura District, Gunma, Itakura Town 374-0193, Japan; (K.I.); (M.F.)
| | - Momoka Fusegi
- Laboratory of Molecular Bromacology, Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, Oura District, Gunma, Itakura Town 374-0193, Japan; (K.I.); (M.F.)
| | - Tatsuki Mori
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, Oura District, Gunma, Itakura Town 374-0193, Japan; (T.M.); (K.T.); (N.N.)
| | - Kosuke Teshima
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, Oura District, Gunma, Itakura Town 374-0193, Japan; (T.M.); (K.T.); (N.N.)
| | - Nanako Ninomiya
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, Oura District, Gunma, Itakura Town 374-0193, Japan; (T.M.); (K.T.); (N.N.)
| | - Kakeru Kohno
- Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, Oura District, Gunma, Itakura Town 374-0193, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.); (T.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Ayami Sato
- Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, Oura District, Gunma, Itakura Town 374-0193, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.); (T.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Tatsuya Ishida
- Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, Oura District, Gunma, Itakura Town 374-0193, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.); (T.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yuichi Miyakoshi
- Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, Oura District, Gunma, Itakura Town 374-0193, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.); (T.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Tomohiro Yano
- Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, Oura District, Gunma, Itakura Town 374-0193, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.); (T.I.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-276-82-9143
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Mutti L, Peikert T, Robinson BWS, Scherpereel A, Tsao AS, de Perrot M, Woodard GA, Jablons DM, Wiens J, Hirsch FR, Yang H, Carbone M, Thomas A, Hassan R. Scientific Advances and New Frontiers in Mesothelioma Therapeutics. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 13:1269-1283. [PMID: 29966799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive cancer that arises from the mesothelial surface of the pleural and peritoneal cavities, the pericardium, and rarely, the tunica vaginalis. The incidence of MPM is expected to increase worldwide in the next two decades. However, even with the use of multimodality treatment, MPM remains challenging to treat, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer has gathered experts in different areas of mesothelioma research and management to summarize the most significant scientific advances and new frontiers related to mesothelioma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Mutti
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Cockcroft Building, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Peikert
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Bruce W S Robinson
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Arnaud Scherpereel
- Pulmonary and Thoracic Oncology, CHU de Lille, Univ Lille, Lille, France; French National Network of Clinical Expert Centres for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Management
| | - Anne S Tsao
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marc de Perrot
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gavitt A Woodard
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - David M Jablons
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jacinta Wiens
- International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Haining Yang
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Michele Carbone
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Anish Thomas
- Development Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Raffit Hassan
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Sato A, Ueno H, Fusegi M, Kaneko S, Kohno K, Virgona N, Ando A, Sekine Y, Yano T. A Succinate Ether Derivative of Tocotrienol Enhances Dickkopf-1 Gene Expression through Epigenetic Alterations in Malignant Mesothelioma Cells. Pharmacology 2018; 102:26-36. [PMID: 29763912 DOI: 10.1159/000489128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wnt signaling plays an essential role in tumor cell growth, including the development of malignant mesothelioma (MM). Epigenetic silencing of negative Wnt regulators leading to constitutive Wnt signaling has been observed in various cancers and warrants further attention. We have reported that a succinate ether derivative of α-tocotrienol (T3E) has potent cytotoxic effects in MM cells. Thus, in this study, we investigated whether the anti-MM effect of T3E could be mediated via the epigenetic alteration of the Wnt antagonist gene, Dickkopf-1 (DKK1). METHODS WST-1 and cell analyzers were employed to analyze the effects of T3E on cell viability and apoptosis of human MM cell lines (H2452, H28). Real-time PCR and Western blot were performed to evaluate the expression at mRNA and protein levels. Methylation status and epigenetic modifications of DKK1's promoter regions after T3E treatment in MM cells were studied using methylation-specific PCR and Chromatin immunoprecipitation. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown -(siRNA), and specific inhibitors, were used to validate DKK1 as a target of T3E. RESULTS T3E markedly impaired MM cell viability, increased the expression of phosphorylated-JNK and DKK1 and suppressed cyclin D, a downstream target gene of Wnt signaling. Knockdown of DKK1 expression by siRNA or a specific JNK inhibitor confirmed the contribution of DKK1 and JNK to T3E-induced cytotoxicity in MM cells. On the other hand, cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) expression, which promotes cell proliferation as a Wnt-independent DKK1 receptor was inhibited by T3E. Silencing CKAP4 by -siRNA did not appear to directly affect MM cell viability, thereby indicating that expression of both DKK1 and CKAP4 is required. Furthermore, T3E-mediated inhibition of both DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, 3A, and 3B) and histone deacetylases (HDAC1, 2, 3, and 8) in MM cells leads to increased DKK1 expression, thereby promoting tumor growth inhibition. MM cells treated with Zebularine (a DNMT inhibitor) and sodium butyrate (an HDAC inhibitor) exhibited cytotoxic effects, which may explain the inhibitory action of T3E on MM cells. In addition, an enhanced expression of DKK1 in MM cells following T3E treatment is positively correlated with the methylation status of its promoter; T3E decreased DNA methylation and increased histone acetylation. Moreover, T3E specifically increased histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation activity, whereas no effects were observed on histone H3K9 and H3K27. CONCLUSIONS Targeting the epigenetic induction of DKK1 may lead to effective treatment of MM, and T3E has great potential to induce anti-MM activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Sato
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Haruka Ueno
- Graduate School of Food Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Momoka Fusegi
- Graduate School of Food Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Saki Kaneko
- Graduate School of Food Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kakeru Kohno
- Graduate School of Food Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Nantiga Virgona
- Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akira Ando
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Sekine
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yano
- Graduate School of Food Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan.,Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
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Amoroso F, Salaro E, Falzoni S, Chiozzi P, Giuliani AL, Cavallesco G, Maniscalco P, Puozzo A, Bononi I, Martini F, Tognon M, Di Virgilio F. P2X7 targeting inhibits growth of human mesothelioma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:49664-49676. [PMID: 27391069 PMCID: PMC5226537 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor refractory to anti-blastic therapy. MPM cells show several genetic and biochemical defects, e.g. overexpression of oncogenes, downregulation of onco-suppressor genes, dysregulation of microRNA, or alteration of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and of apoptosis. No information is as yet available on purinergic signalling in this tumor. Signalling via the P2×7 (P2RX7 or P2×7R) purinergic receptor is attracting increasing attention as a pathway involved in cancer cell death or proliferation. In this report we show that the P2×7R is expressed by three MPM cell lines established from MPM patients but not by mesothelial cells from healthy subjects (healthy mesothelial cells, HMCs). MPM cell proliferation was inhibited by in vitro incubation in the presence of selective P2×7R antagonists, as well as by stimulation with the P2×7R agonist BzATP. Systemic administration of the selective P2×7R blocker AZ10606120 inhibited in vivo growth of MPM tumors whether implanted subcutaneously (s.c.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.). Our findings suggest that the P2×7R might be a novel target for the therapy of mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Amoroso
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erica Salaro
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Falzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Chiozzi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Giuliani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cavallesco
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pio Maniscalco
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Puozzo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bononi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Kindler HL, Ismaila N, Armato SG, Bueno R, Hesdorffer M, Jahan T, Jones CM, Miettinen M, Pass H, Rimner A, Rusch V, Sterman D, Thomas A, Hassan R. Treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:1343-1373. [PMID: 29346042 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.76.6394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To provide evidence-based recommendations to practicing physicians and others on the management of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Methods ASCO convened an Expert Panel of medical oncology, thoracic surgery, radiation oncology, pulmonary, pathology, imaging, and advocacy experts to conduct a literature search, which included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and prospective and retrospective comparative observational studies published from 1990 through 2017. Outcomes of interest included survival, disease-free or recurrence-free survival, and quality of life. Expert Panel members used available evidence and informal consensus to develop evidence-based guideline recommendations. Results The literature search identified 222 relevant studies to inform the evidence base for this guideline. Recommendations Evidence-based recommendations were developed for diagnosis, staging, chemotherapy, surgical cytoreduction, radiation therapy, and multimodality therapy in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/thoracic-cancer-guidelines and www.asco.org/guidelineswiki .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedy L Kindler
- Hedy L. Kindler and Samuel G. Armato III, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology; Mary Hesdorffer, Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation, Alexandria, VA; Raphael Bueno, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Thierry Jahan, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Clyde Michael Jones, Baptist Cancer Center Physicians Foundation, Memphis, TN; Markku Miettinen, Anish Thomas and Raffit Hassan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Harvey Pass and Daniel Sterman, New York University Langone Medical Center; and Andreas Rimner and Valerie Rusch, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Nofisat Ismaila
- Hedy L. Kindler and Samuel G. Armato III, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology; Mary Hesdorffer, Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation, Alexandria, VA; Raphael Bueno, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Thierry Jahan, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Clyde Michael Jones, Baptist Cancer Center Physicians Foundation, Memphis, TN; Markku Miettinen, Anish Thomas and Raffit Hassan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Harvey Pass and Daniel Sterman, New York University Langone Medical Center; and Andreas Rimner and Valerie Rusch, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Samuel G Armato
- Hedy L. Kindler and Samuel G. Armato III, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology; Mary Hesdorffer, Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation, Alexandria, VA; Raphael Bueno, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Thierry Jahan, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Clyde Michael Jones, Baptist Cancer Center Physicians Foundation, Memphis, TN; Markku Miettinen, Anish Thomas and Raffit Hassan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Harvey Pass and Daniel Sterman, New York University Langone Medical Center; and Andreas Rimner and Valerie Rusch, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Raphael Bueno
- Hedy L. Kindler and Samuel G. Armato III, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology; Mary Hesdorffer, Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation, Alexandria, VA; Raphael Bueno, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Thierry Jahan, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Clyde Michael Jones, Baptist Cancer Center Physicians Foundation, Memphis, TN; Markku Miettinen, Anish Thomas and Raffit Hassan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Harvey Pass and Daniel Sterman, New York University Langone Medical Center; and Andreas Rimner and Valerie Rusch, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Mary Hesdorffer
- Hedy L. Kindler and Samuel G. Armato III, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology; Mary Hesdorffer, Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation, Alexandria, VA; Raphael Bueno, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Thierry Jahan, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Clyde Michael Jones, Baptist Cancer Center Physicians Foundation, Memphis, TN; Markku Miettinen, Anish Thomas and Raffit Hassan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Harvey Pass and Daniel Sterman, New York University Langone Medical Center; and Andreas Rimner and Valerie Rusch, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Thierry Jahan
- Hedy L. Kindler and Samuel G. Armato III, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology; Mary Hesdorffer, Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation, Alexandria, VA; Raphael Bueno, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Thierry Jahan, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Clyde Michael Jones, Baptist Cancer Center Physicians Foundation, Memphis, TN; Markku Miettinen, Anish Thomas and Raffit Hassan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Harvey Pass and Daniel Sterman, New York University Langone Medical Center; and Andreas Rimner and Valerie Rusch, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Clyde Michael Jones
- Hedy L. Kindler and Samuel G. Armato III, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology; Mary Hesdorffer, Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation, Alexandria, VA; Raphael Bueno, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Thierry Jahan, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Clyde Michael Jones, Baptist Cancer Center Physicians Foundation, Memphis, TN; Markku Miettinen, Anish Thomas and Raffit Hassan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Harvey Pass and Daniel Sterman, New York University Langone Medical Center; and Andreas Rimner and Valerie Rusch, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Markku Miettinen
- Hedy L. Kindler and Samuel G. Armato III, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology; Mary Hesdorffer, Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation, Alexandria, VA; Raphael Bueno, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Thierry Jahan, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Clyde Michael Jones, Baptist Cancer Center Physicians Foundation, Memphis, TN; Markku Miettinen, Anish Thomas and Raffit Hassan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Harvey Pass and Daniel Sterman, New York University Langone Medical Center; and Andreas Rimner and Valerie Rusch, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Harvey Pass
- Hedy L. Kindler and Samuel G. Armato III, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology; Mary Hesdorffer, Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation, Alexandria, VA; Raphael Bueno, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Thierry Jahan, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Clyde Michael Jones, Baptist Cancer Center Physicians Foundation, Memphis, TN; Markku Miettinen, Anish Thomas and Raffit Hassan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Harvey Pass and Daniel Sterman, New York University Langone Medical Center; and Andreas Rimner and Valerie Rusch, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Andreas Rimner
- Hedy L. Kindler and Samuel G. Armato III, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology; Mary Hesdorffer, Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation, Alexandria, VA; Raphael Bueno, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Thierry Jahan, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Clyde Michael Jones, Baptist Cancer Center Physicians Foundation, Memphis, TN; Markku Miettinen, Anish Thomas and Raffit Hassan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Harvey Pass and Daniel Sterman, New York University Langone Medical Center; and Andreas Rimner and Valerie Rusch, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Valerie Rusch
- Hedy L. Kindler and Samuel G. Armato III, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology; Mary Hesdorffer, Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation, Alexandria, VA; Raphael Bueno, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Thierry Jahan, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Clyde Michael Jones, Baptist Cancer Center Physicians Foundation, Memphis, TN; Markku Miettinen, Anish Thomas and Raffit Hassan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Harvey Pass and Daniel Sterman, New York University Langone Medical Center; and Andreas Rimner and Valerie Rusch, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniel Sterman
- Hedy L. Kindler and Samuel G. Armato III, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology; Mary Hesdorffer, Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation, Alexandria, VA; Raphael Bueno, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Thierry Jahan, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Clyde Michael Jones, Baptist Cancer Center Physicians Foundation, Memphis, TN; Markku Miettinen, Anish Thomas and Raffit Hassan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Harvey Pass and Daniel Sterman, New York University Langone Medical Center; and Andreas Rimner and Valerie Rusch, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Anish Thomas
- Hedy L. Kindler and Samuel G. Armato III, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology; Mary Hesdorffer, Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation, Alexandria, VA; Raphael Bueno, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Thierry Jahan, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Clyde Michael Jones, Baptist Cancer Center Physicians Foundation, Memphis, TN; Markku Miettinen, Anish Thomas and Raffit Hassan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Harvey Pass and Daniel Sterman, New York University Langone Medical Center; and Andreas Rimner and Valerie Rusch, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Raffit Hassan
- Hedy L. Kindler and Samuel G. Armato III, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Nofisat Ismaila, American Society of Clinical Oncology; Mary Hesdorffer, Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation, Alexandria, VA; Raphael Bueno, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Thierry Jahan, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Clyde Michael Jones, Baptist Cancer Center Physicians Foundation, Memphis, TN; Markku Miettinen, Anish Thomas and Raffit Hassan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Harvey Pass and Daniel Sterman, New York University Langone Medical Center; and Andreas Rimner and Valerie Rusch, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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