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Diepenbruck SD, Jakob A, Haas NA, Mandilaras G. Endovascular treatment of a mycotic aneurysm in an immunocompromised child with acute leukemia-case report and review of the literature. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1136647. [PMID: 37842028 PMCID: PMC10568310 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1136647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotic aneurysms are dilatations of an artery, a rare but severe complication arising from infectious obliteration of the vessel wall. Thoracic aneurysms often present with unspecific symptoms and multiple diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. In an advanced state, they have an increased risk of perforation and a high mortality rate. The surgical therapeutic approach has a high perioperative complication rate. In this study, we report a case of a thoracic mycotic aortic aneurysm in an immunocompromised pediatric patient caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia. A combination of prompt antibacterial treatment and minimally invasive stent implantation showed a good outcome, avoiding possible severe surgical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guido Mandilaras
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
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2
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Malih SE, Ezzahi M, Ismail O, Akammar A, Bouardi NE, Haloua M, Alami B, Boubbou M, Maaroufi M, Lamrani MYA. Diagnosis and treatment of mycotic aneurysms secondary to cardiac hydatid cyst: An unusual cause of multiple cerebral strokes in a 23-year-old female. Radiol Case Rep 2023; 18:3281-3286. [PMID: 37520388 PMCID: PMC10375374 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2023.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotic aneurysms (MA) are a rare but severe complication of systemic infections, carrying a high risk of rupture, hemorrhage, sepsis, and potential multiple organ failure. Intracranial arteries are often affected and present a significant mortality risk due to cerebral bleeding and ischemic strokes. In this paper we describe the case of a 23-year-old female patient who presented with a sudden onset of right hemiparesis, followed by loss of consciousness. Cerebral imaging revealed multiple infarcts in both hemispheres and intracranial hemorrhage secondary to ruptured pseudoaneurysms. On transthoracic echocardiogram, she was found to have a left ventricular cardiac cyst with mobile vegetations potentially responsible for mycotic aneurysms and cerebral strokes. The patient underwent endovascular embolization for the mycotic aneurysms and cardiac surgery for the left ventricular cyst with satisfying clinical outcomes. Postsurgical analysis revealed the cyst to be of hydatid (Echinococcus) origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara El Malih
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Imaging, CHU Hassan II Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Centre Hospitalier Hrazem, BP:1835 Atlas, Fès, Avenue Hassan II, Fes 30050, Morocco
| | - Manar Ezzahi
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Imaging, CHU Hassan II Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Centre Hospitalier Hrazem, BP:1835 Atlas, Fès, Avenue Hassan II, Fes 30050, Morocco
| | - Oughebbi Ismail
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ghassani Hospital, Fez, Morocco
| | - Amal Akammar
- Department of Radiology Mother and Child, CHU Hassan II Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Nizar El Bouardi
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Imaging, CHU Hassan II Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Centre Hospitalier Hrazem, BP:1835 Atlas, Fès, Avenue Hassan II, Fes 30050, Morocco
| | - Meriem Haloua
- Department of Radiology Mother and Child, CHU Hassan II Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Badreeddine Alami
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Imaging, CHU Hassan II Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Centre Hospitalier Hrazem, BP:1835 Atlas, Fès, Avenue Hassan II, Fes 30050, Morocco
| | - Meryem Boubbou
- Department of Radiology Mother and Child, CHU Hassan II Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Maaroufi
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Imaging, CHU Hassan II Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Centre Hospitalier Hrazem, BP:1835 Atlas, Fès, Avenue Hassan II, Fes 30050, Morocco
| | - Moulay Youssef Alaoui Lamrani
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Imaging, CHU Hassan II Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Centre Hospitalier Hrazem, BP:1835 Atlas, Fès, Avenue Hassan II, Fes 30050, Morocco
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3
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Lerut AV, Pirenne J, Sainz-Barriga M, Blondeel J, Maleux G, Monbaliu D. Case report: Immediate revascularization for symptomatic hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm after orthotopic liver transplantation? A case series and literature review. Front Surg 2023; 10:1169556. [PMID: 37440926 PMCID: PMC10333477 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1169556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm (HAPA), a rare vascular complication that can develop after liver transplantation, is associated with a high mortality rate and graft loss. To salvage the liver graft, immediate revascularization, either through surgical or endovascular intervention, is required. However, currently there is no consensus on the optimal strategy. Here, we report three cases of liver transplant recipients diagnosed with HAPA and treated with immediate revascularization. In addition, we present an overview of HAPA cases described in the literature and make recommendations on how to treat this rare complication. Methods All adults transplanted in our center between 2005 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Literature search was done in PubMed for original studies between 1980 and 2021 reporting early hepatic artery (pseudo) aneurysm after liver transplantation requiring either surgical or endovascular intervention. Results From a total of 1,172, 3 liver transplant patients were identified with a symptomatic HAPA and treated with immediate revascularization. HAPA occurred 73, 27, and 8 days after liver transplantation and was treated with immediate revascularization (two surgical and one endovascular intervention). Literature review identified 127 cases of HAPA. HAPA was managed with endovascular therapy in 20 cases and by surgical intervention in 89 cases. Overall reported mortality rate was 39.6%, whereas overall graft survival was 45.2%. Conclusion Immediate surgical or radiological interventional excision and prompt revascularization to salvage liver grafts is feasible but still associated with a high mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Verena Lerut
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacques Pirenne
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mauricio Sainz-Barriga
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris Blondeel
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Maleux
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diethard Monbaliu
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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4
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Elkhoury D, Quick S, Kalloo AE, Gorantla VR. Necrotizing Fasciitis Secondary to Mycotic Femoral Aneurysm: A Narrative Review of Diagnosis and Management Strategies. Cureus 2023; 15:e37586. [PMID: 37193468 PMCID: PMC10183231 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive literature review aims to investigate the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tools, and treatment options for necrotizing fasciitis secondary to mycotic femoral aneurysm, a rare and potentially lethal infectious disease, particularly focusing on any changes throughout the years for an update of the current literature. The pathophysiology of necrotizing fasciitis and mycotic femoral aneurysms is a complex and multifaceted process that typically involves bacterial infections as a common precursor to the onset of these conditions. This can potentially lead to the formation of an aneurysm. As the infection progresses, it can spread from the aneurysm to surrounding soft tissues, resulting in significant tissue damage, obstructed blood circulation, and ultimately culminating in cell death and necrosis. Clinical manifestations of these conditions are diverse and encompass a range of symptoms, such as fever, localized pain, inflammation, skin changes, and other indicators. It is worth noting that skin color can influence the presentation of these conditions, and in patients with diverse skin tones, certain symptoms may be less noticeable due to a lack of visible discoloration. Imaging, laboratory findings, and clinical presentation are important components of the diagnosis of mycotic aneurysms. CT scans are a reliable tool for identifying specific features of infected femoral aneurysms, and elevated inflammatory laboratory results can also suggest a mycotic aneurysm. In the case of necrotizing fasciitis, clinicians should maintain a high level of suspicion as this condition is rare but life-threatening. Clinicians will need to view the big picture when an infection may be caused by necrotizing fasciitis, considering CT imaging, blood work, and clinical presentation of the patient without delaying surgical intervention. By incorporating the diagnostic tools and treatment options outlined in this review, healthcare professionals can improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of this rare and potentially lethal infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Elkhoury
- Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George, GRD
| | - Sarah Quick
- Surgery, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George, GRD
| | - Amy E Kalloo
- Clinical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George, GRD
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5
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Hennawy HME, Al-Qahtani S, Faifi ASA, Ghalyoob TM, Khalil HF, Bazeed MF, Atta EA, Safar O, Awad A, Nazer WE, Abdelaziz AA, Mahedy A, Mirza N, Fageeh AA, Elgamal GA, Zaitoun MF, Haddad AE. Successful Endovascular Repair of Infectious External Iliac Artery Anastomotic Pseudoaneurysm With Graft Preservation Post-Kidney Transplantation: Case Report and Review of Literature. Transplant Proc 2022; 54:2709-2715. [PMID: 36786541 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allograft artery-infected pseudoaneurysm (PA) represents a rare but life-threatening complication of kidney transplantation (KT). A review of the literature, showed that nearly all these cases ended resulted in graft loss. We presented a case of post-KT-infected external iliac artery anastomotic PA successfully managed by endovascular stenting with graft preservation. Additionally, we reviewed the pertinent literature. METHOD In this article, we described a hypertensive, 47-year-old man who presented 1 month post-cadaveric KT with acute kidney injury and gram-negative bacteremia secondary to a large infectious anastomotic PA of the external iliac artery. RESULTS Because of favorable anatomy, successful arterial angio-stent fixation of the main renal artery PA, sparing the lower polar artery, was performed after 1 week of antibiotic and fungal coverage. CONCLUSION Patient was discharged after 2 weeks with functioning graft. Graft function was stable after 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M El Hennawy
- Surgery Department, Section of Transplantation, Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saad Al-Qahtani
- Radiology Department, Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Al Faifi
- Surgery Department, Section of Transplantation, Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tayseer M Ghalyoob
- Radiology Department, Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haytham Fouad Khalil
- Radiology Department, Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia; Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Kasr Al-Ainy St., Egypt
| | - Mohammed F Bazeed
- Radiology Department, Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eisa Al Atta
- Surgery Department, Section of Transplantation, Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Safar
- Urology Department, Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Awad
- Vascular Surgery Department, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Weam El Nazer
- Nephrology Department, Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelaziz A Abdelaziz
- Nephrology Department, Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mahedy
- Nephrology Department, Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Mirza
- Nephrology Department, Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Al Fageeh
- Nephrology Department, Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Galal A Elgamal
- Anesthesia Department, Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, KSA; Anesthesia Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammad F Zaitoun
- Pharmacy Department, Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed El Haddad
- Radiology Department, Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia; Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Mycotic Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Cureus 2022; 14:e31010. [PMID: 36349070 PMCID: PMC9632233 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm (MTAA) is an aneurysm of the aorta caused by infection of the vessel tissue through microbial inoculation of the diseased aortic endothelium. It is most commonly caused by bacteria. Rarely, it can be caused by fungi. However, viral aortic aneurysm has never been reported. Depending on the area and time period investigated, the infections organism discovered may vary significantly. Little is known about the natural history of MTAA due to its rarity. It is not known if they follow the same pattern as other TAAs. However, it is unclear whether MTAA follows a similar clinical course. The combination of clinical presentation, laboratory results, and radiographic results are used to make the diagnosis of MTAA. Treatment of MTAA is complex since patients frequently present at a late stage, frequently with fulminant sepsis, as well as concomitant complications such as aneurysm rupture. While medical treatment, including antibiotics, is recommended, surgery is still the mainstay of management. Surgery to treat MTAA is complicated and carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality and includes both open repairs and endovascular ones. In this review, we explore the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentations, diagnostic modalities as well as treatment management available for MTAA.
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Chinsakchai K, Wiangphoem N, Wongwanit C, Hongku K, Moll FL, Tongsai S, Puangpunngam N, Hahtapornsawan S, Sermsathanasawadi N, Ruangsetakit C. Early and Late Outcomes of Endovascular Aneurysm Repair for Infected Abdominal Aortic and/or Iliac Aneurysms. Ann Vasc Surg 2022; 87:411-421. [PMID: 35667489 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infected abdominal aortic and/or iliac aneurysm (AAIA) is a rare condition with a high mortality rate when treated with open surgery. In the past decade, the condition has increasingly been treated with endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). However, early and late outcomes, including the continued need for antibiotic treatments and predictors of persistent infection, are poorly understood. METHODS We evaluated the outcomes of patients who underwent EVAR for infected AAIA from January 2010 to October 2017. We collected data including patient age, gender, clinical presentation, aneurysm location, culture results, intraoperative details, postoperative complications, 30-day mortality, in-hospital mortality, persistent infection, reintervention, and survival. RESULTS Among 792 patients diagnosed with AAIA, 64 were diagnosed with primary infected aneurysm, underwent EVAR, and were included in this study (81.3% male; median age, 72 years; range, 18-94 years). The most commonly isolated organisms were Salmonella species (34%), followed by Streptococcus (21%), and Staphylococcus species (21%). Aneurysms were intact in 48 patients (75%) and were ruptured in 16 (25%). The perioperative mortality was 4.7% (3 patients) of whom one was diagnosed with ruptured infected AAIA. Six (9.4%) patients died during hospitalization, 5 of severe sepsis with multiorgan failure and one of myocardial infarction. Among the 58 surviving patients, 34 (58.6%) had persistent infection, of whom 13 (22.4%) required early and late reintervention, including 2 with endograft infection, 8 with primary and secondary aortoenteric fistula, 2 with recurrent new aortic infection, and one with graft limb occlusion. The remaining 24 patients were able to discontinue antibiotics and had no recurrence or need for reintervention. Overall survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years in the antibiotic-discontinuation group were 91.7%, 87.5%, and 68.0%, respectively, and 82.4%, 52.6%, and 32.9%, respectively, in the persistent-infection group (P = 0.009). In multivariable analysis, primary aortoenteric fistula (Adjusted OR [aOR], 20.469; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.265-331.320; P = 0.034) and preoperative serum albumin level <3 g/dL (aOR, 7.399; 95% CI, 1.176-46.558; P = 0.033) were preoperative parameter that predicted persistent infection. A C-reactive protein level more than 5 mg/L (aOR, 34.378; 95% CI, 4.888-241.788; P < 0.001) was observed in patients with persistent infection. CONCLUSIONS EVAR is a feasible treatment with acceptable perioperative mortality for infected AAIA. Patients able to discontinue antibiotics have better survival and lower reintervention rates than those with persistent infection. A preoperative albumin level below 3 g/dL and primary aortoenteric fistula predicted persistent infection in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khamin Chinsakchai
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Nattawadee Wiangphoem
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chumpol Wongwanit
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kiattisak Hongku
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Frans L Moll
- Vascular Surgery Department, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sasima Tongsai
- Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattawut Puangpunngam
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suteekhanit Hahtapornsawan
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuttawut Sermsathanasawadi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanean Ruangsetakit
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Cook V, Singla AA, Herlihy D, Mohabbat W, Fisher C, Puttaswamy V. Successful endovascular exclusion of Mycobacterium bovis mycotic aneurysm following intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin therapy. J Surg Case Rep 2022; 2022:rjac426. [PMID: 36324761 PMCID: PMC9613119 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjac426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a live-attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis. It is routinely used in the treatment of early-stage transitional cell carcinoma. The development of mycotic aneurysm in the context of prior intra-vesical BCG treatment has not been reported. This case demonstrates a rare but potentially catastrophic vascular complication of BCG. A high index of suspicion is required for any patient presenting with new aneurysmal disease in the context of previous BCG therapy. The value of endovascular surgery as a bridge to definitive surgical repair and diagnostic considerations is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Cook
- Vascular Surgery Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Animesh A Singla
- Correspondence address. 77 Donovan Avenue, Maroubra 2035, Australia. E-mail:
| | - David Herlihy
- Vascular Surgery Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Walid Mohabbat
- Vascular Surgery Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Charles Fisher
- Vascular Surgery Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Vikram Puttaswamy
- Vascular Surgery Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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9
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Xiao K. Letter to the Editor: Infected Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Caused by Brucella. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2022; 23:408-410. [PMID: 35394352 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2022.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection, and Immunity Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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10
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Keschenau PR, Gombert A, Barbati ME, Jalaie H, Kalder J, Jacobs MJ, Kotelis D. Xenogeneic materials for the surgical treatment of aortic infections. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:3021-3032. [PMID: 34164193 PMCID: PMC8182519 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-3481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The surgical treatment of aortic infections (AIs) is challenging. In situ aortic reconstructions represent nowadays the favored therapy for fit patients and xenogeneic materials are used increasingly. The aim of this study was to present our experience with xenogeneic reconstructions for AI using self-made bovine pericardium tubes and/or the biosynthetic Omniflow® II graft. Methods This retrospective single-center study included all patients undergoing xenogeneic aortic and aortoiliac reconstructions from December 2015 to June 2020. Patient comorbidities, symptoms, procedural characteristics, types of pathogens and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Results Twenty-eight patients [23 male (82%), median age 68 (range, 28–84) years] were included. Ten patients (36%) had native AIs and 18 (64%) had graft infections, including 3 (11%) aortoesophageal and 2 (7%) aortoduodenal fistulas (ADF). Twenty-four patients (86%) were symptomatic, the most common symptoms being contained aortic rupture (n=8) and sepsis (n=4). The surgical procedures were infra- and juxtarenal aortic repairs (n=11, 39% and n=7, 25%), thoracoabdominal aortic repairs (type IV: n=1, 4%; type V: n=3, 11%), descending thoracic aortic repairs (n=4, 14%) and 2 reconstructions (7%) involving the ascending aorta/aortic arch. Most were urgent (n=10, 43%) or emergent operations (n=11, 35%). Identification of pathogen(s), mostly Gram-positive bacteria, was possible in 25 patients (89%). Twelve patients (43%) had polymicrobial infections and 6 (21%) infections with multi-resistant bacteria. In-hospital mortality was 32% (n=9) due to acute cardiac failure (1/9), endocarditis (1/9), bleeding (3/9) and sepsis (4/9). The most frequent complications were transient need for dialysis (n=12, 43%) and persisting sepsis (n=11, 39%). Two early occlusions of Omniflow® II grafts were observed (7%). Median follow-up (FU), during which 2 patients died of non-aortic causes, was 14 months (95% CI: 9–19 months). Freedom from reoperation was 100%, there was no evidence for reinfection during FU. Conclusions Xenogeneic orthotopic reconstructions for AI can be performed at all aortic levels. Combining bovine pericardium and the Omniflow® II graft can be useful for reconstructing the branched aortic segments and both materials show appropriate early to midterm outcomes. Nonetheless, AIs are serious conditions associated with relevant morbidity/mortality rates, even in a specialized center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R Keschenau
- European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Department of Vascular Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Gombert
- European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Department of Vascular Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohammed E Barbati
- European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Department of Vascular Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Houman Jalaie
- European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Department of Vascular Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kalder
- European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Department of Vascular Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael J Jacobs
- European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Department of Vascular Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Department of Vascular Surgery, AZM University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Drosos Kotelis
- European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Department of Vascular Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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11
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Senda K, Yoda H, Shoin K, Oguchi Y, Aizawa K, Aso S, Shirai E, Kikuchi N, Ohtsu Y, Tsunemoto H, Suzuki C. An Infected Popliteal Aneurysm after Plain Old Balloon Angioplasty. Intern Med 2021; 60:73-77. [PMID: 33390471 PMCID: PMC7835457 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5250-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The case was a 76-year-old man with chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) was performed on the popliteal artery. Subsequently, he suffered from cellulitis around the POBA site, followed by reocclusion. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in a blood culture. After re-revascularization with POBA, both purulent gonitis and an infected popliteal aneurysm were observed to occur. We performed aneurysmectomy and bypass grafting with the saphenous vein and then continued antibiotic therapy. Although treatment consisted of endovascular therapy (EVT) with nothing left behind, management was difficult because of secondary infectious complications. We conclude that prophylactic antibiotics before EVT should be considered in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kyoko Shoin
- Department of Cardiology, Aizawa Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | - Shinichi Aso
- Department of Cardiology, Aizawa Hospital, Japan
| | - Erio Shirai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Aizawa Hospital, Japan
| | - Niro Kikuchi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Aizawa Hospital, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ohtsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Aizawa Hospital, Japan
| | - Hideo Tsunemoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Aizawa Hospital, Japan
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Silverberg D, Abu Rmeileh A, Rimon U, Raskin D, Halak M. Chimney Endovascular Repair of Primary Mycotic Aneurysms Involving the Paravisceral Aorta. Ann Vasc Surg 2020; 67:59-66. [PMID: 32209403 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary mycotic aneurysm of the aorta (MAA) is a rare and potentially life-threatening disease. Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of MAAs involving the paravisceral aorta has been rarely reported. The purpose of this study is to report our experience with chimney EVAR (CHEVAR) in patients with MAAs involving the paravisceral aorta. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of all patients treated with EVAR at our institution during the years 2009-2019. Of those, we identified the patients who were treated with CHEVAR for MAAs. Diagnosis of MAAs was based on clinical presentation, abnormal laboratory results, and a computed tomography scan suggestive of a MAA. The data collected included patient demographics, clinical presentation, the antibiotic regimen before and after the surgery, preoperative imaging, surgical details, and perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality. RESULTS During the study period, we performed 54 cases of CHEVARs for aortic aneurysms. Of those, 8 (15%) were performed for mycotic aneurysms involving the visceral segment. Six (75%) were men, and the mean age was 68 years (range: 59-76). All patients were symptomatic at the time of diagnosis, presenting with either back or abdominal pain. A total of 16 visceral vessels (celiac trunk, 2; superior mesenteric artery, 7; right renal artery, 4; and left renal artery, 3) were revascularized with parallel grafts (PGs). Six patients required 2 PGs, 1 patient required 3 PGs, and 1 patient had a single PG inserted. Fifteen (94%) PGs were upward-pointing chimney stent grafts, and 1 was placed in a downward-pointing "periscope" configuration. Eight visceral arteries in 6 patients were sacrificed, either by preoperative occlusion or intentional coverage with the endograft during the procedure. The vessels sacrificed included 4 celiac trunks and 4 renal arteries (3 main branches and 1 accessory renal artery). Technical success was achieved in all patients. One patient expired in the perioperative period. One patient developed an infection-related complication. One patient experienced worsening of his renal function and eventually required dialysis. Of the 4 patients who underwent intentional sacrifice of a kidney, all experienced a moderate decrease in renal function from the baseline ( mean preoperative and postoperative serum creatinine 0.76 mg/dL and 1.2 mg/dL, respectively, increase of 43%). The mean follow-up was 8 months (range: 3-28 months). During this period, 2 patients expired, 1 from an aneurysm-related cause. No stent occlusion of the PGs occurred and no reintervention due to endoleaks was required. No patient required explanation of the stent grafts or conversion to an open repair. CONCLUSIONS CHEVAR is a feasible and safe treatment modality for MAAs involving the visceral segment. Occasionally, intentional occlusion of the selected visceral arteries may be required to minimize the risk of gutter endoleaks in this urgent setting. Further follow-up is needed to accurately assess the durability of this repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Silverberg
- The Department of Vascular Surgery, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Ahmad Abu Rmeileh
- The Department of Vascular Surgery, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Rimon
- Division of Interventional Radiology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Daniel Raskin
- Division of Interventional Radiology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Halak
- The Department of Vascular Surgery, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
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