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Li Y, Cao J, Zhang Q, Li J, Li X, Zhou H, Li A, Jiang T. Precise reconstruction of the entire mouse kidney at cellular resolution. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:1474-1485. [PMID: 38495699 PMCID: PMC10942701 DOI: 10.1364/boe.515527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The kidney is an important organ for excreting metabolic waste and maintaining the stability of the body's internal environment. The renal function involves multiple complex and fine structures in the whole kidney, and any change in these structures may cause impaired nephric function. Consequently, achieving three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the entire kidney at a single-cell resolution is of significant importance for understanding the kidney's structural characteristics and exploring the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. In this paper, we propose a pipeline from sample preparation to optical microscopic imaging of the entire kidney, followed by data processing for 3D reconstruction of the whole mouse kidney. We employed transgenic fluorescent labeling and propidium iodide (PI) labeling to obtain detailed information about the vascular structure and cytoarchitecture of the kidney. Subsequently, the entire mouse kidney was imaged at submicron-resolution using high-definition fluorescent micro-optical sectioning tomography (HD-fMOST). Finally, we reconstructed the structures of interest through various data processing methods on the original images. This included detecting glomeruli throughout the entire kidney, as well as the segmentation and visualization of the renal arteries, veins, and three different types of nephrons. Our method provides a powerful tool for studying the renal microstructure and its spatial relationships throughout the entire kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, 710048, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, 710048, China
| | - Qianlong Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, 710048, China
| | - Junhuai Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, 710048, China
| | - Xiangning Li
- State key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hongfang Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, 710048, China
| | - Anan Li
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Sharma K, Virmani J. A Decision Support System for Classification of Normal and Medical Renal Disease Using Ultrasound Images. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/ijaci.2017040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of medical renal disease is important as the same may lead to chronic kidney disease which is an irreversible stage. The present work proposes an efficient decision support system for detection of medical renal disease using small feature space consisting of only second order GLCM statistical features computed from raw renal ultrasound images. The GLCM mean feature vector and GLCM range feature vector are computed for inter-pixel distance d varying from 1 to 10. These texture feature vectors are combined in various ways yielding GLCM ratio feature vector, GLCM additive feature vector and GLCM concatenated feature vector. The present work explores the potential of five texture feature vectors computed using GLCM statistics exhaustively for differential diagnosis between normal and MRD images using SVM classifier. The result of the study indicates that GLCM range feature vector computed with d = 1 yields the highest overall classification accuracy of 85.7% with individual classification accuracy values of 93.3% and 77.9% for normal and MRD classes respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Sharma
- Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Department, Thapar University, Patiala, India
| | - Jitendra Virmani
- Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Department, Thapar University, Patiala, India
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Dai Y, Yao Q, Wu G, Wu D, Wu L, Zhu L, Xue R, Xu J. Characterization of clear cell renal cell carcinoma with diffusion kurtosis imaging: correlation between diffusion kurtosis parameters and tumor cellularity. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:873-881. [PMID: 27119793 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in the characterization of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and to correlate DKI parameters with tumor cellularity. Fifty-nine patients with pathologically diagnosed ccRCCs were evaluated by DKI on a 3-T scanner. Regions of interest were drawn on the maps of the mean diffusion coefficient (MD) and mean diffusion kurtosis (MK). All ccRCCs were histologically graded according to the Fuhrman classification system. Tumor cellularity was measured by the nuclear-to-cytoplasm (N/C) ratio and the number of tumor cell nuclei (NTCN). ccRCCs were classified as grade 1 (n = 23), grade 2 (n = 24), grade 3 (n = 10) and grade 4 (n = 3). Both MD and MK could readily discriminate between normal renal parenchyma and ccRCCs (p < 0.001), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that MK exhibited a better performance with an area under the ROC curve of 0.874 and sensitivity/specificity of 68.33%/100% (p < 0.001). Further, MD and MK were significantly different between grade 1 and grades 3 and 4 (p = 0.01, p < 0.001) and between grade 2 and grades 3 and 4 (p = 0.015, p < 0.005), respectively. However, no significant difference was found between grade 1 and grade 2 (p > 0.05) for both MD and MK. With regard to NTCN, no significant difference was found between any two grades (p > 0.05), and the N/C ratio changed significantly with grade (p < 0.01, between any two grades). Negative correlations were found between MK and MD (r = -0.56, p < 0.001), and between MD and N/C ratio (r = -0.36, p < 0.005), whereas MK and the N/C ratio were positively correlated (r = 0.45, p = 0.003). DKI could quantitatively characterize ccRCC with different grades by probing non-Gaussian diffusion properties related to changes in the tumor microenvironment or tissue complexities in the tumor. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Dai
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Institute for Biomedical Research, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Qiuying Yao
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyu Wu
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianming Wu
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Jianrong Xu
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging assessment of kidney function and renal masses: single slice versus whole organ/tumor. Invest Radiol 2015; 49:720-7. [PMID: 24901546 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare single-slice and 3-dimensional (3D) analysis for magnetic resonance renography (plasma flow [FP], plasma volume [VP], and glomerular filtration rate [GFR]) and for dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of renal tumors (FP, VP, permeability-surface area product), respectively. MATERIAL AND METHODS We prospectively included 22 patients (43 kidneys with 22 suspicious renal lesions) and performed preoperative and postoperative imaging before and after partial nephrectomy, respectively. Of the 22 renal lesions, 15 turned out to be renal cell carcinoma and were included in the tumor analysis, altogether leading to 86 renal and 15 tumor MRI scans, respectively. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was performed with a time-resolved angiography with stochastic trajectories sequence (spatial resolution, 2.6 × 2.6 × 2.6 mm3; temporal resolution, 2.5 seconds) at 3 T (Magnetom Verio; Siemens Healthcare Sector) after injection of 0.05 mmol/kg body weight Gadobutrol (Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals). Analysis was performed using regions of interest encompassing a single central slice and the whole kidney/tumor, respectively. A 2-compartment model yielding FP, VP, GFR, or tumor permeability-surface area product was used for kinetic modelling. Modelling was performed based on relative contrast enhancement to account for coil-related inhomogeneity. Significance in difference, agreement, and goodness of fit of the data to the curve was assessed with paired t tests, Bland-Altman plots, and χ2 test, respectively. RESULTS Bland-Altman analysis revealed a good agreement between both types of measurement for kidneys and tumors, respectively. Results between single-slice and whole-kidney regions of interest showed significant differences for Fp (single slice, 256.1 ± 104.1 mL/100 mL/min; whole kidney, 217.2 ± 92.5 mL/100 mL/min; P < 0.01). Regarding VP and GFR, no significant differences were observed. The χ2 test showed a significantly better goodness of fit of the data to the curve for whole kidneys (0.30% ± 0.18%) than for single slices (0.43% ± 0.26%) (P < 0.01). In contrast to renal assessment, tumor analysis showed no significant differences regarding functional parameters and χ test, respectively. CONCLUSION In dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of the kidney, both 3D whole-organ/tumor and single-slice analyses provide roughly comparable values in functional analysis. However, 3D assessment is considerably more precise and should be preferred if available.
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Halefoglu AM, Sen EY, Tanriverdi O, Yilmaz F. Utility of diffusion-weighted MRI in the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma. Clin Imaging 2013; 37:1077-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Valentino M, Sabato M, Murrone S, Pavlica P, Barozzi L, Rossi C. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings in a case of renal extramedullary hematopoiesis. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2013; 41:171-174. [PMID: 22855431 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.21975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present the case of an 80-year-old man with two renal solid masses found at sonography, which were imaged by contrast-enhanced ultrasound, CT, and MRI and confirmed histologically. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings suggested a benign mass and a CT-guided biopsy yielded a diagnosis of extramedullary hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Valentino
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging-Emergency Radiology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43100 Parma, Italy
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Rinaldi D, Fiocchi F, Ligabue G, Bianchi G, Torricelli P. Role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer evaluation. Radiol Med 2012; 117:1429-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11547-012-0832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Inci E, Hocaoglu E, Aydin S, Cimilli T. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of primary solid and cystic renal masses using the Bosniak classification. Eur J Radiol 2012; 81:815-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Role of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Characterization of Renal Tumors. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2011; 35:332-6. [DOI: 10.1097/rct.0b013e318219fe76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to calculate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of different renal and adrenal lesions to evaluate the ability of diffusion-weighted imaging in characterizing masses and determining malignancy. METHODS A total of 52 patients consisting of 67 renal lesions and 28 patients with 33 adrenal lesions in addition to 50 healthy controls with normal kidneys were enrolled in the study. Diffusion-weighted imaging was performed with b factors of 0, 500, and 1000 s/mm2, and the ADCs of the normal kidney and renal and adrenal lesions were calculated. RESULTS The mean (SD) ADCs of the renal cortex and medulla of the control group were 2.08 (0.22) x 10(-3) and 1.94 (0.18) x 10(-3) mm2/s, respectively. Focal renal lesions were as follows: simple cysts (2.94 [0.20] x 10(-3) mm2/s), hemorrhagic cysts (1.71 [0.38] x 10(-3) mm2/s), angiomyolipomas (1.40 [0.21] x 10(-3) mm2/s), renal cell carcinomas (1.06 [0.39] x 10(-3) mm2/s), metastases (1.50 [0.13] x 10(-3) mm2/s), and hydronephrosis (1.54 [0.25] x 10(-3) mm2/s). The mean ADCs of all these pathologies were significantly different when compared with normal parenchyma. Diffusion-weighted imaging was also able to differentiate angiomyolipomas and hemorrhagic cysts from renal cell carcinomas. Adrenal lesions were subgrouped as adenomas (1.41 [0.27] x M10(-3) mm2/s), nonadenomatous solid masses (1.08 [0.28] x 10(-3) mm2/s), and cysts (2.82 [0.24] x 10(-3) mm2/s). The mean ADCs of adenomas were significantly different when compared with nonadenomatous solid masses and cysts. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that ADC measurement has a potential ability to differentiate benign and malignant focal renal and adrenal lesions with the guidance of conventional sequences. When used alone, diffusion-weighted imaging may lead to misdiagnoses due to overlapping ADCs of the lesions.
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Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Gadobutrol-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pediatric Patients. Invest Radiol 2009; 44:776-83. [DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e3181bfe2d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Leyendecker JR, Barnes CE, Zagoria RJ. MR urography: techniques and clinical applications. Radiographics 2008; 28:23-46; discussion 46-7. [PMID: 18203929 DOI: 10.1148/rg.281075077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) urography comprises an evolving group of techniques with the potential for allowing optimal noninvasive evaluation of many abnormalities of the urinary tract. MR urography is clinically useful in the evaluation of suspected urinary tract obstruction, hematuria, and congenital anomalies, as well as surgically altered anatomy, and can be particularly beneficial in pediatric or pregnant patients or when ionizing radiation is to be avoided. The most common MR urographic techniques for displaying the urinary tract can be divided into two categories: static-fluid MR urography and excretory MR urography. Static-fluid MR urography makes use of heavily T2-weighted sequences to image the urinary tract as a static collection of fluid, can be repeated sequentially (cine MR urography) to better demonstrate the ureters in their entirety and to confirm the presence of fixed stenoses, and is most successful in patients with dilated or obstructed collecting systems. Excretory MR urography is performed during the excretory phase of enhancement after the intravenous administration of gadolinium-based contrast material; thus, the patient must have sufficient renal function to allow the excretion and even distribution of the contrast material. Diuretic administration is an important adjunct to excretory MR urography, which can better demonstrate nondilated systems. Static-fluid and excretory MR urography can be combined with conventional MR imaging for comprehensive evaluation of the urinary tract. The successful interpretation of MR urographic examinations requires familiarity with the many pitfalls and artifacts that can be encountered with these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Leyendecker
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Lauenstein TC. Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Metastases. Cancer Imaging 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-012374212-4.50085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Nikken JJ, Krestin GP. MRI of the kidney-state of the art. Eur Radiol 2007; 17:2780-93. [PMID: 17646992 PMCID: PMC2039780 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-007-0701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Revised: 04/25/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) are modalities of first choice in renal imaging. Until now, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has mainly been used as a problem-solving technique. MRI has the advantage of superior soft-tissue contrast, which provides a powerful tool in the detection and characterization of renal lesions. The MRI features of common and less common renal lesions are discussed as well as the evaluation of the spread of malignant lesions and preoperative assessment. MR urography technique and applications are discussed as well as the role of MRI in the evaluation of potential kidney donors. Furthermore the advances in functional MRI of the kidney are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Nikken
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Michoux N, Vallée JP, Pechère-Bertschi A, Montet X, Buehler L, Van Beers BE. Analysis of contrast-enhanced MR images to assess renal function. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2006; 19:167-79. [PMID: 16906431 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-006-0045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 07/10/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The image analysis and kinetic modeling methods used in dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the kidney are reviewed. Image analysis includes various techniques of coregistration and segmentation. Few methods have been completely implemented. Nevertheless, the use of coregistration may become a standard to decrease the effect of motion on abdominal images and improve the quality of the renal signals. Kinetic models are classified into three categories: enhancement-based, external and internal representations. Enhancement-based representations are limited to a basic analysis of the tracer concentration curves in the kidneys. Their relationship to the underlying physiology is complex and undefined. However, they can be used to evaluate the split renal function. External representations assess the kidney input and output. An external representation based on the up-slope of the renal enhancement to calculate the renal perfusion is commonly used because of its simplicity. In contrast, external representation based on deconvolution or identification methods remain underexploited. For glomerular filtration, an internal representation based on a two-compartmental model is mostly used. Internal representations based on multi-compartmental models describe the renal function in a more realistic way. Because of their numerical complexity, these models remain rarely used.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Michoux
- Diagnostic Radiology Unit, Université Catholique de Louvain, St-Luc University Hospital, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200. Brussels, Belgium.
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Nikolaidis P, Hammond N, Marko J, Miller FH, Papanicolaou N, Yaghmai V. Incidence of visualization of the normal appendix on different MRI sequences. Emerg Radiol 2006; 12:223-6. [PMID: 16721554 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-006-0489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2005] [Accepted: 03/17/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to assess the incidence of visualization of the normal appendix on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of the pelvis in a large adult population and to compare the yield of commonly used sequences. Pelvic MRI scans of 111 randomly selected patients were retrospectively reviewed by two fellowship-trained body imagers. Thirty-six cases, where the entire cecum and terminal ileum were not included in the field of view, were excluded. A normal appendix was definitively visualized in 55 of 71 patients on T1 spin echo (SE) sequences (78%). The appendix was seen on 25 of 42 (60%) half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin echo T2. Visualization rates were 42% on pre-gadolinium T1 FS GRE, 54% on post-gadolinium T1 fat-suppressed gradient echo, and 17% of short tau inversion recovery sequences. MRI is an effective modality for visualization of the normal appendix. This may have important implications in patients with abdominal or pelvic pain, as visualization of a normal appendix should exclude the possibility of acute appendicitis from the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Nikolaidis
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Medical School, 676 North St. Clair, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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