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Qureshi SA, Hsiao WWW, Hussain L, Aman H, Le TN, Rafique M. Recent Development of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds for Optical Biosensing and Disease Diagnosis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12121181. [PMID: 36551148 PMCID: PMC9775945 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ability to precisely monitor the intracellular temperature directly contributes to the essential understanding of biological metabolism, intracellular signaling, thermogenesis, and respiration. The intracellular heat generation and its measurement can also assist in the prediction of the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. However, intracellular thermometry without altering the biochemical reactions and cellular membrane damage is challenging, requiring appropriately biocompatible, nontoxic, and efficient biosensors. Bright, photostable, and functionalized fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) have emerged as excellent probes for intracellular thermometry and magnetometry with the spatial resolution on a nanometer scale. The temperature and magnetic field-dependent luminescence of naturally occurring defects in diamonds are key to high-sensitivity biosensing applications. Alterations in the surface chemistry of FNDs and conjugation with polymer, metallic, and magnetic nanoparticles have opened vast possibilities for drug delivery, diagnosis, nanomedicine, and magnetic hyperthermia. This study covers some recently reported research focusing on intracellular thermometry, magnetic sensing, and emerging applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in biomedical imaging. We extend the application of FNDs as biosensors toward disease diagnosis by using intracellular, stationary, and time-dependent information. Furthermore, the potential of machine learning (ML) and AI algorithms for developing biosensors can revolutionize any future outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Ahmad Qureshi
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Wesley Wei-Wen Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Lal Hussain
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, King Abdullah Campus Chatter Kalas, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Neelum Campus, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Athmuqam 13230, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Aman
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, PIEAS, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Trong-Nghia Le
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Rafique
- Department of Physics, King Abdullah Campus Chatter Kalas, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan
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Eyüboğlu İ, Dinç G. Fetal US and MRI in detection of craniospinal anomalies with postnatal correlation: single-center experience. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:1211-1219. [PMID: 33517612 PMCID: PMC8283491 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2011-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim To reveal the contribution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to ultrasound (US) in prenatal diagnosis of fetal craniospinal anomalies by retrospectively comparing the prenatal and postnatal findings. Materials and methods After institutional review board approval, between January 2010 and May 2020, 301 pregnant women, which had a gestational age between 19–37 weeks (mean 26.5 ± 6.1 weeks), diagnosed with cranial and spinal anomalies on fetal US and later on imaged with MRI were evaluated, and in 179 of those cases prenatal imaging findings were compared with postnatal findings. Results A total of 191 fetal craniospinal anomalies were detected in 179 pregnant women. MRI and US diagnosis were completely correct in 145 (75.9%) and 112 (58.6%), respectively. Diagnostic performance of MRI was significantly higher than that of the US (p < 0.05). Both prenatal MRI and US findings were concordant with postnatal diagnosis in 53% of the cases. In 28.7% cases, prenatal MRI contributed to US by either changing the wrong US diagnosis (8.9%), demonstration of additional findings (14%), or confirming the suspicious US diagnosis (5.8%). Conclusion Due to its high resolution and multiplanar imaging capability, fetal MRI contributes significantly to US in the correct prenatal diagnosis of craniospinal anomalies. This contribution especially is significant in neural tube defects, cortical malformations, and ischemic-hemorrhagic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlker Eyüboğlu
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Gülseren Dinç
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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A Sparse Volume Reconstruction Method for Fetal Brain MRI Using Adaptive Kernel Regression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6685943. [PMID: 33748279 PMCID: PMC7960018 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6685943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Slice-to-volume reconstruction (SVR) method can deal well with motion artifacts and provide high-quality 3D image data for fetal brain MRI. However, the problem of sparse sampling is not well addressed in the SVR method. In this paper, we mainly focus on the sparse volume reconstruction of fetal brain MRI from multiple stacks corrupted with motion artifacts. Based on the SVR framework, our approach includes the slice-to-volume 2D/3D registration, the point spread function- (PSF-) based volume update, and the adaptive kernel regression-based volume update. The adaptive kernel regression can deal well with the sparse sampling data and enhance the detailed preservation by capturing the local structure through covariance matrix. Experimental results performed on clinical data show that kernel regression results in statistical improvement of image quality for sparse sampling data with the parameter setting of the structure sensitivity 0.4, the steering kernel size of 7 × 7 × 7 and steering smoothing bandwidth of 0.5. The computational performance of the proposed GPU-based method can be over 90 times faster than that on CPU.
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Feasibility of free-breathing T1-weighted 3D radial VIBE for fetal MRI in various anomalies. Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 69:57-64. [PMID: 32171775 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES In magnetic resonance (MR) fetal imaging, the image quality acquired by the traditional Cartesian-sampled breath-hold T1-weighted (T1W) sequence may be degraded by motion artifacts arising from both mother and fetus. The radial VIBE sequence is reported to be a viable alternative to conventional Cartesian acquisition for both pediatric and adult MR, yielding better image quality. This study evaluated the role of radial VIBE in fetal MR imaging and compared its image quality and motion artifacts with those of the Cartesian T1W sequence. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 246 pregnant women with 50 lesions on 1.5-T MR imaging. Image quality and lesion conspicuity were evaluated by two radiologists, blinded to the acquisition schemes used, using a five-point scale, where a higher score indicated a better trajectory method. Mixed-model analysis of variance and interobserver variability assessment were performed. RESULTS The radial VIBE sequence showed a significantly better performance than conventional T1W imaging in the head and neck, fetal body, and placenta region: 3.92 ± 0.88 vs 3 ± 0.74, p < 0.001, 3.8 ± 0.94 vs 3.15 ± 0.87, p < 0.001, and 4.17 ± 0.63 vs 3.12 ± 0.72, p < 0.001, respectively. Additionally, fewer motion artifacts were observed in all regions with the radial VIBE sequence (p < 0.01). Of 50 lesions, 49 presented better lesion conspicuity on radial VIBE images than on T1W images (4.34 ± 0.91 vs 3.48 ± 1.46, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION For fetal imaging, the radial VIBE sequences yielded better image quality and lesion conspicuity, with fewer motion artifacts, than conventional breath-hold Cartesian-sampled T1W sequences.
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Aertsen M, Diogo MC, Dymarkowski S, Deprest J, Prayer D. Fetal MRI for dummies: what the fetal medicine specialist should know about acquisitions and sequences. Prenat Diagn 2019; 40:6-17. [PMID: 31618472 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fetal MRI is an increasingly used tool in the field of prenatal diagnosis. While US remains the first line screening tool, as an adjuvant imaging tool, MRI has been proven to increase diagnostic accuracy and change patient counseling. Further, there are instances when US may not be sufficient for diagnosis. As a multidisciplinary field, it is important that every person involved in the referral, diagnosis, counseling and treatment of the patients is familiar with the basic principles, indications and findings of fetal MRI. The purpose of the current paper is to equip radiologists and non-radiologists with basic MRI principles and essential topics in patient preparation and provide illustrative examples of when fetal MRI may be used. This aims to aid the referring clinician in better selecting and improve patient counseling prior to arrival in the radiology department and, ultimately, patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aertsen
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Clinical Department of Radiology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mariana C Diogo
- Department of Image Guided Therapy, University Clinic for Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steven Dymarkowski
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Clinical Department of Radiology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Deprest
- Academic Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniela Prayer
- Department of Image Guided Therapy, University Clinic for Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Manganaro L, Bernardo S, Antonelli A, Vinci V, Saldari M, Catalano C. Fetal MRI of the central nervous system: State-of-the-art. Eur J Radiol 2017; 93:273-283. [PMID: 28668426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal ultrasonographic (US) examination is considered as the first tool in the assessment of fetal abnormalities. However, several large-scale studies point out that some malformations, in particular central nervous system (CNS) anomalies, are not well characterized through US. Therefore, the actual malformation severity is not always related to prenatal ultrasound (US) findings. Over the past 20 years, ultrafast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has progressively increased as a prenatal 3rd level diagnostic technique with a good sensitivity, particularly for the study of fetal CNS malformations. In fact, CNS anomalies are the most common clinical indications for fetal MRI, representing about 80% of the total examinations. This review covers the recent literature on fetal brain MRI, with emphasis on techniques, safety and indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Manganaro
- Department of Radiology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Bernardo
- Department of Radiology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Amanda Antonelli
- Department of Radiology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valeria Vinci
- Department of Radiology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Saldari
- Department of Radiology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlo Catalano
- Department of Radiology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Phillips P. Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation. JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/8756479316662649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) is a rare congenital lung mass of the fetus that can present as solid or cystic. This is often diagnosed prenatally with sonography and routinely followed through the term of the pregnancy. Congenital pulmonary airway malformation is now classified into five different types that all originate from different areas of the lung and can vary in appearance. CPAM does present with a few differentials that need to be assessed, including bronchopulmonary sequestration, bronchogenic cyst, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia. It is vital to fully assess the fetal thorax and determine if there are any abnormalities present and if so the originating vasculature. This case report demonstrates a type 3-CPAM and its sonographic appearance as well as the classifications of CPAM and the possible differential diagnoses.
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Fetal goiter conservatively monitored during the prenatal period associated with maternal and neonatal euthyroid status. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2016; 59:54-7. [PMID: 26866037 PMCID: PMC4742477 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2016.59.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital goiter is considered a rare occurrence, and may be related to hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, or euthyroidism. In this report, we describe a case of fetal goiter identified in the 34th gestational week in a 41-year-old secundigravida with normal thyroid functions. A conservative approach was followed; the fetal goiter was monitored via ultrasound, which suggested this was a case of hyperthyroidism. After the birth, tests indicated that the newborn was euthyroidic. Consequently, a more detailed study using non-invasive procedures was deemed necessary to discover the precise cause of the fetal goiter during the gestational period.
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Weaver KN, Johnson J, Kline-Fath B, Zhang X, Lim FY, Tinkle B, Saal HM, Hopkin RJ. Predictive value of fetal lung volume in prenatally diagnosed skeletal dysplasia. Prenat Diagn 2014; 34:1326-31. [PMID: 25102973 DOI: 10.1002/pd.4475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary hypoplasia is a major cause of death in lethal skeletal dysplasias. We hypothesize that in fetuses with prenatally diagnosed skeletal dysplasia, comparison of observed-to-expected (O/E) lung volume will help predict lethality. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients referred for evaluation of suspected fetal skeletal anomalies. Twenty-three pregnancies were identified with confirmed fetal diagnosis of skeletal dysplasia for which fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed between 21 and 38 weeks of gestation and ultrasound biometry data were available. Femur length to abdominal circumference ratio (FL/AC) and O/E lung volumes were calculated. The association between O/E lung volume, FL/AC, and lethality was measured using logistic regression. RESULTS Lethality was significantly associated with O/E lung volume (p = 0.002) and FL/AC (p = 0.0476). Analysis with receiver-operating characteristic curves suggested that O/E lung volume of 47.9% or FL/AC of 0.124 could be useful clinical cutoffs in the prediction of lethality. CONCLUSION In fetuses with skeletal dysplasia, fetal MRI-derived O/E lung volume was predictive of lethality. When evaluating a fetal skeletal dysplasia, fetal MRI may be considered in cases for which ultrasound-based lethality prediction is ambiguous or uncertain in order to provide families with the most complete and accurate information.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nicole Weaver
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Kośla K, Majos M, Polguj M, Antosik-Biernacka A, Stefańczyk L, Majos A. Prenatal diagnosis of a vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation with MR imaging - report of two cases. Pol J Radiol 2013; 78:88-92. [PMID: 24505230 PMCID: PMC3908515 DOI: 10.12659/pjr.889613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vein of Galen malformations (VGMs) are rare congenital defects of cerebral vessels. They are formed between the 6(th) and 11(th) week of gestation. The background of this defect involves presence of one or more arterovenous fistulas directing bloodflow toward a persistent, dilated, proximal part of median prosencephalic vein (MProsV). Ultrasound examination is a basic test for diagnosis of VGMs. It has now become possible to acquire images of diagnostic value using magnetic resonance (MR) techniques. CASE REPORT This work presents two cases of vein of Galen aneurysms diagnosed prenatally with magnetic resonance imaging. In both patients fetal CNS malformations were diagnosed in ultrasound examinations. MR imaging of the fetal head was performed for further diagnostics. CONCLUSIONS Because of the ability to precisely determine the size of the ventricular system, presence of raised intraventricular pressure and topographic relationships between pathologically changed vessels and particular cerebral structures as well as the presence of ischemic areas MR examination is currently not only complementary to ultrasonography, but is becoming an independent examination method in the diagnostics of vein of Galen malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kośla
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Medical University of ŁódŸ, Barlicki University Hospital No. 1, ŁódŸ, Poland
| | - Marcin Majos
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Medical University of ŁódŸ, Barlicki University Hospital No. 1, ŁódŸ, Poland
| | - Michał Polguj
- Department of Angiology, Chair of Anatomy, Medical University of ŁódŸ, ŁódŸ, Poland
| | - Aneta Antosik-Biernacka
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Medical University of ŁódŸ, Barlicki University Hospital No. 1, ŁódŸ, Poland
| | - Ludomir Stefańczyk
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Medical University of ŁódŸ, Barlicki University Hospital No. 1, ŁódŸ, Poland
| | - Agata Majos
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Medical University of ŁódŸ, Barlicki University Hospital No. 1, ŁódŸ, Poland
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Abstract
In the last decade the newest technologies, fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 3D ultrasound, have given an insight into the minute structures of the fetal brain. However, without knowledge of the basic developmental processes the imaging is futile. Knowledge of fetal neuroanatomy corresponding to the gestational week is necessary in order to recognize pathological structures. Furthermore, a modern neuroradiologist should be acquainted with the three steps in the formation of the cerebral cortex: proliferation, migration and differentiation of neurons in order to be in a position to suspect that there is a pathology and start recognizing and discovering the abnormalities. The fetal MRI has become an important complementary method to ultrasound especially in cortical malformations when confirmation of the prenatal diagnosis is needed and additional pathologies need to be diagnosed. In this manner these two methods help in parental counseling and treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Pogledic
- Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland.
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Fetal magnetic resonance imaging and three-dimensional ultrasound in clinical practice: Applications in prenatal diagnosis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2012; 26:593-624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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