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Krull F, Bleyer M, Schäfer J, Brenig B. A missense mutation in the highly conserved TNF-like domain of Ectodysplasin A is the candidate causative variant for X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in Limousin cattle: Clinical, histological, and molecular analyses. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0291411. [PMID: 38252617 PMCID: PMC10802946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ectodysplasin A related hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) is a well-studied fetal developmental disorder in mammals that mainly affects ectodermal structures. It has been identified in a variety of species, including mice, rats, dogs, cattle, and humans. Here, we report the clinical, histological, and molecular biological analyses of a case of XLHED in Limousin cattle. An affected Limousin calf showed pathognomonic signs of ectodermal dysplasia, i.e. sparse hair and characteristic dental aplasia. Histopathologic comparison of hairy and glabrous skin and computed tomography of the mandible confirmed the phenotypic diagnosis. In addition, a keratoconjunctivitis sicca was noted in one eye, which was also confirmed histopathologically. To identify the causative variant, we resequenced the bovine X-chromosomal ectodysplasin A gene (EDA) of the affected calf and compared the sequences to the bovine reference genome. A single missense variant (rs439722471) at position X:g.80411716T>C (ARS-UCD1.3) was identified. The variant resulted in an amino acid substitution from glutamic acid to glycine within the highly conserved TNF-like domain. To rule out the possibility that the variant was relatively common in the cattle population we genotyped 2,016 individuals including 40% Limousin cattle by fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis. We also tested 5,116 multibreed samples from Run9 of the 1000 Bull Genomes Project for the said variant. The variant was not detected in any of the cattle tested, confirming the assumption that it was the causative variant. This is the first report of Ectodysplasin A related hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in Limousin cattle and the description of a novel causal variant in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Krull
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg-August University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Martina Bleyer
- German Primate Center, Pathology Unit, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jana Schäfer
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg-August University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Bertram Brenig
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg-August University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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Castilho NL, Resende KKM, dos Santos JA, Machado RA, Coletta RD, Guerra ENS, Acevedo AC, Martelli-Junior H. Oligodontia in the Clinical Spectrum of Syndromes: A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:279. [PMID: 38132417 PMCID: PMC10742796 DOI: 10.3390/dj11120279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to describe the clinical and genetic features of syndromes showing oligodontia as a sign. The review was performed according to the PRISMA 2020 checklist guidelines, and the search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs, Web of science, Livivo, and EMBASE and supplemented by a gray literature search on Google Scholar and ProQuest, applying key terms relevant to the research questions. The systematic review identified 47 types of syndromes in 83 studies, and the most common was hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, which was reported in 24 patients in 22 studies. Other common syndromes that reported oligodontia included Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, Witkop's syndrome, Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, blepharocheilodontic syndrome, and oculofaciocardiodental syndrome. The X-linked mode of inheritance was the most reported (n = 13 studies), followed by the autosomal dominant (n = 13 studies). The review describes the main syndromes that may have oligodontia as a clinical sign and reinforces the need for orodental-facial examining for adequate diagnosis and treatment of the affected patients. Molecular analysis in order to better understand the occurrence of oligodontia is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Lopes Castilho
- Health Science Postgraduate Program, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39400-000, Brazil;
| | - Kêmelly Karolliny Moreira Resende
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Oral Care Center for Inherited Diseases, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70040-010, Brazil; (K.K.M.R.); (E.N.S.G.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Juliana Amorim dos Santos
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70040-010, Brazil;
| | - Renato Assis Machado
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Graduate Program in Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-018, Brazil; (R.A.M.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Ricardo D. Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Graduate Program in Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-018, Brazil; (R.A.M.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Oral Care Center for Inherited Diseases, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70040-010, Brazil; (K.K.M.R.); (E.N.S.G.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Ana Carolina Acevedo
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Oral Care Center for Inherited Diseases, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70040-010, Brazil; (K.K.M.R.); (E.N.S.G.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Hercílio Martelli-Junior
- Health Science Postgraduate Program, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39400-000, Brazil;
- Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, State University of Montes Claros, Unimontes, Montes Claros 39400-000, Brazil
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Abstract
Noninflammatory alopecia is common in dogs and is a frequent cause to consult a veterinarian. It is also a common reason to take biopsies. Noninflammatory alopecia can be attributed to a decreased formation or cytodifferentiation of the hair follicle or the hair shaft in utero, resulting in congenital alopecia. Congenital alopecia often has a hereditary cause, and examples of such disorders are ectodermal dysplasias associated with gene variants of the ectodysplasin A gene. Noninflammatory alopecia may also be caused by impaired postnatal regeneration of hair follicles or shafts. Such disorders may have a clear breed predilection, and alopecia starts early in life. A hereditary background is suspected in those cases but has not been proven. They are referred to as follicular dysplasia although some of these disorders present histologically like a hair cycle disturbance. Late-onset alopecia is usually acquired and may be associated with endocrinopathies. Other possible causes are impaired vascular perfusion or stress. As the hair follicle has limited possible responses to altered regulation, and histopathology may change during the course of a disease, a detailed clinical history, thorough clinical examination including blood work, appropriate biopsy site selection, and detailed histological findings need to be combined to achieve a final diagnosis. This review aims to provide an overview about the known noninflammatory alopecic disorders in dogs. As the pathogenesis of most disorders is unknown, some statements are based on comparative aspects or reflect the authors' opinion.
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Zhou B, Hui L, Zheng L, Chen X, Wang S, Yang L, Hao S, Zhang Q. Three Variants Affecting Exon 1 of Ectodysplasin A Cause X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia: Clinical and Molecular Characteristics. Front Genet 2022; 13:916340. [PMID: 35873474 PMCID: PMC9298733 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.916340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ectodysplasin A (EDA) variations are major pathogenic factors for hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), the most common form of ectodermal dysplasia (ED), characterized by hypotrichosis, hypohidrosis, hypodontia, and other oral features. Methods: Molecular genetic defects in three HED families were detected by whole-exome sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing or multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. The effect of splicing variant was further verified by EDA minigene in vitro analysis. De novo deletion was confirmed by chromosomal microarray analysis. Results: Three variants (c.396 + 1 G > C, c.171-173 del GTT, and exon 1 deletion) were identified, all affecting exon 1 of the EDA gene. Variants c.396 + 1 G > C and c.171-173 del GTT were first identified. Minigene analysis of the splicing variant (c.396 + 1 G > C) displayed a prolonged EDA-A1 transcript containing extra 699 bp at the start of intron 1, representing a functional cryptic splice site formation in vitro. Combining the results of chromosomal microarray analysis and whole-exome sequencing, the deletion variant was over 87 kb. Three variants were predicted to affect protein function to differing degrees, and were responsible for X-linked HED with varying phenotype. Conclusion: Investigating the clinical and molecular characteristics of these variations broadens our understanding of EDA gene variants, supporting clinical diagnosis, genetic counseling, and prenatal diagnosis of HED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Wang
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bingbo Zhou
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ling Hui
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shifan Wang
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengju Hao
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
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Moura E, Daltro SRT, Sás DM, Engracia Filho JR, Farias MR, Pimpão CT. Genetic analysis of a possible case of canine X-linked ectodermal dysplasia. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:1127-1130. [PMID: 34076266 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present report, we describe targeted next-generation sequencing of the EDA gene of a male poodle with a clinical and histopathological diagnosis of X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. The result was compared with the reference sequence and with the result of the sequencing of a normal dog's EDA gene. No point variant, small deletion or insertion were found in the exons and splice sites, but a transition and a transversion were found in the intron 6' and 3' UTR, respectively. The cause of the dysplasia of the affected dog in this study is neither a point variant nor a small deletion or insertion in the exons and splice sites of the EDA gene. Therefore, patients with phenotype of XLHED may have other types of variants in the EDA gene or variants in other genes of the EDA signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Moura
- Service of Medical Genetics, Course of Veterinary Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - S R T Daltro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - D M Sás
- Genotyping - Diagnósticos Genéticos, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J R Engracia Filho
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - M R Farias
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - C T Pimpão
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia in Crossbred Beef Cattle Due to a Large Deletion in EDA. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030657. [PMID: 33801223 PMCID: PMC7999020 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ectodermal dysplasias such as hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), are genetic conditions affecting the development and/or homeostasis of two or more ectodermal derivatives, including hair, teeth, nails, and eccrine glands. In particular, X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia-1 (ECTD1) in humans is characterized by a triad of signs comprising sparse hair, abnormal teeth, and anhidrosis or hypohidrosis. It has been reported in cattle, dogs, mice and rats. Until now, eight pathogenic variants in the bovine ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene causing ECTD1-like disorders have been found. Herein, five affected Red Angus-Simmental bull calves born over a 6-year period (2013–2019) in a single herd in the Western United States are reported showing an ECTD1-like syndrome. Calves were born with severe hypotrichosis and oligodontia. At age 1-week-old two calves died of severe pneumonia. Microscopic findings of the skin revealed small-caliber hair follicles with a mean density in flank skin slightly greater in affected animals than in control animals. Nasolabial, intranasal and tracheobronchial mucosal glands were absent, whereas olfactory glands were unaffected. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) identified a 53 kb deletion of the X chromosome including parts of the EDA gene as well as the entire AWAT2 gene. The partial deletion of the EDA gene that is known to be associated with forms of ECTD1 is the most likely cause for the reported genodermatosis. Similar rare disorders in livestock are often not diagnosed at the molecular level due to lack of resources, short lifespan of the animals, and concerns for the producers’ reputation. Abstract X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia-1 (ECTD1) in people results in a spectrum of abnormalities, most importantly hypotrichosis, anodontia/oligodontia, and absent or defective ectodermally derived glands. Five Red Angus-Simmental calves born over a 6-year period demonstrated severe hypotrichosis and were diagnosed as affected with ECTD1-like syndrome. Two died of severe pneumonia within a week of birth. The skin of three affected calves revealed a predominance of histologically unremarkable small-caliber hair follicles. Larger follicles (>50 µm) containing medullated hairs (including guard and tactile hairs) were largely restricted to the muzzle, chin, tail, eyelids, tragus and distal portions of the limbs and tail. The mean histological density of hair follicles in flank skin of two affected calves was slightly greater than that in two unaffected calves. One affected calf was examined postmortem at 10 days of age to better characterize systemic lesions. Nasolabial, intranasal and tracheobronchial mucosal glands were absent, whereas olfactory glands were unaffected. Mandibular incisor teeth were absent. Premolar teeth were unerupted and widely spaced. Other than oligodontia, histological changes in teeth were modest, featuring multifocal disorganization of ameloblasts, new bone formation in dental alveoli, and small aggregates of osteodentin and cementum at the margins of the enamel organ. A 52,780 base pair deletion spanning six out of eight coding exons of EDA and all of AWAT2 was identified. Partial deletion of the EDA gene is the presumed basis for the reported X-chromosomal recessive inherited genodermatosis.
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Moura E, Henrique Weber S, Engracia Filho JR, Pimpão CT. A Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia Arising From a New Mutation in a Yorkshire Terrier Dog. Top Companion Anim Med 2020; 39:100404. [PMID: 32482291 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasias (HED) constitute a group of genetic disorders that affect ectodermal derivatives such as sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair, and teeth. The vast majority of cases of HED are caused by a recessive mutation of the EDA gene located in the X chromosome. In these cases, affected individuals are usually male and have alopecia and hypotrichosis with characteristic distribution, in addition to malformed teeth and fewer than normal. From a canine HED isolated case (proband) andc in order to verify if this emerged from a new mutation, it was possible to construct a pedigree with 5 generations and 93 individuals representing an extended and informative family. The proband's mother crossed with 2 different males and generated 33 descendants in 9 gestations: 1 affected male (proband), 15 normal males, and 17 normal females, which together can be considered as 1 sibship. Through Bayesian inference, it was possible to establish that this case originated from a new mutation, with a 99.99% probability of the mother of the proband not being a carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enio Moura
- Service of Medical Genetics, Course of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Saulo Henrique Weber
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jair Rodini Engracia Filho
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Claudia Turra Pimpão
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
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