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Kosloski MP, Li H, Wang S, Mensa F, Kort J, Liu W. Characterizing complex and competing drug-drug interactions between the antiviral regimen of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir with rifampin or carbamazepine. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:593-605. [PMID: 36597378 PMCID: PMC10087067 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The fixed-dose combination of the direct acting antivirals glecaprevir (GLE) and pibrentasvir (PIB) is an oral, once-daily treatment for all six major genotypes of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. A single and multiple-dose rifampin study (N = 12) and a carbamazepine study (N = 12) were conducted in healthy subjects to evaluate the effects of CYP3A/P-gp induction and OATP inhibition on the pharmacokinetics of GLE and PIB. In study 1, GLE 300 mg + PIB 120 mg was administered as a single dose either alone, after single and multiple daily doses of rifampin 600 mg, or 24 h after the last rifampin dose. In study 2, GLE 300 mg + PIB 120 mg was administered as a single dose either alone or after multiple doses of carbamazepine 200 mg. Relative to GLE + PIB alone, exposure of GLE was significantly increased by the first co-administered rifampin dose due to OATP inhibition, significantly decreased 24 h after the last rifampin dose due to CYP3A/P-gp induction, and slightly increased when co-administered with steady-state rifampin due to a combination of inhibition and induction forces. Exposure of PIB was not affected when co-administered with the first rifampin dose but was significantly decreased with steady-state rifampin co-administration, or 24 h after the last rifampin dose due to P-gp induction. Carbamazepine significantly decreased GLE and PIB exposure, mainly attributed to P-gp induction. The regimens tested were generally well-tolerated by the subjects and no new safety issues were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Li
- Data and Statistical Sciences, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stanley Wang
- Infectious Disease, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Federico Mensa
- Infectious Disease, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jens Kort
- Medical Affairs, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Magdy T, Jouni M, Kuo H, Weddle CJ, Lyra–Leite D, Fonoudi H, Romero–Tejeda M, Gharib M, Javed H, Fajardo G, Ross CJD, Carleton BC, Bernstein D, Burridge PW. Identification of Drug Transporter Genomic Variants and Inhibitors That Protect Against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Circulation 2022; 145:279-294. [PMID: 34874743 PMCID: PMC8792344 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.055801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple pharmacogenomic studies have identified the synonymous genomic variant rs7853758 (G > A, L461L) and the intronic variant rs885004 in SLC28A3 (solute carrier family 28 member 3) as statistically associated with a lower incidence of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. However, the true causal variant(s), the cardioprotective mechanism of this locus, the role of SLC28A3 and other solute carrier (SLC) transporters in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, and the suitability of SLC transporters as targets for cardioprotective drugs has not been investigated. METHODS Six well-phenotyped, doxorubicin-treated pediatric patients from the original association study cohort were recruited again, and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes were generated. Patient-specific doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) was then characterized using assays of cell viability, activated caspase 3/7, and doxorubicin uptake. The role of SLC28A3 in DIC was then queried using overexpression and knockout of SLC28A3 in isogenic human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes using a CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9). Fine-mapping of the SLC28A3 locus was then completed after SLC28A3 resequencing and an extended in silico haplotype and functional analysis. Genome editing of the potential causal variant was done using cytosine base editor. SLC28A3-AS1 overexpression was done using a lentiviral plasmid-based transduction and was validated using stranded RNA-sequencing after ribosomal RNA depletion. Drug screening was done using the Prestwick Chemical Library (n = 1200), followed by in vivo validation in mice. The effect of desipramine on doxorubicin cytotoxicity was also investigated in 8 cancer cell lines. RESULTS Here, using the most commonly used anthracycline, doxorubicin, we demonstrate that patient-derived cardiomyocytes recapitulate the cardioprotective effect of the SLC28A3 locus and that SLC28A3 expression influences the severity of DIC. Using Nanopore-based fine-mapping and base editing, we identify a novel cardioprotective single nucleotide polymorphism, rs11140490, in the SLC28A3 locus; its effect is exerted via regulation of an antisense long noncoding RNA (SLC28A3-AS1) that overlaps with SLC28A3. Using high-throughput drug screening in patient-derived cardiomyocytes and whole organism validation in mice, we identify the SLC competitive inhibitor desipramine as protective against DIC. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the power of the human induced pluripotent stem cell model to take a single nucleotide polymorphism from a statistical association through to drug discovery, providing human cell-tested data for clinical trials to attenuate DIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Magdy
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Mariam Jouni
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Hui–Hsuan Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Carly J. Weddle
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Davi Lyra–Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Hananeh Fonoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Marisol Romero–Tejeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Mennat Gharib
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Hoor Javed
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Giovanni Fajardo
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Colin J. D. Ross
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce C. Carleton
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of Translational Therapeutics Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Pharmaceutical Outcomes Programme, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Paul W. Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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3
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Izat N, Kaplan O, Celebier M, Sahin S. Bioanalytical Method Validation of an RP-HPLC Method for Determination of Rifampicin in Liver Perfusion Studies. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916999200526115445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The number of validated quantification methods for rifampicin, a prototypical Oatp inhibitor, in biological rat samples was limited.
Objective:
This study was conducted to validate a modified reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method for the determination of rifampicin in rat liver tissue according to the current ICH M10 Bioanalytical Method Validation Draft Guideline (2019) for application to samples of in situ rat liver perfusion studies.
Methods:
Liver tissue samples were obtained from recirculatory in situ rat liver perfusion studies. The
analysis was performed on a C18 column with a mobile phase composed of 0.05 M phosphate buffer
(pH 4.58): acetonitrile (55:45, v/v). The assay was validated for selectivity, calibration curve and
range, matrix effect, carry-over, accuracy and precision, reinjection reproducibility, and stability.
Results:
he method was considered selective and stable, without having carry-over and matrix effects.
The calibration curve was linear (R2: 0.9983) within the calibration range (0.5-60 ppm). Accuracy and
precision values fulfilled the required limits. Liver concentrations of rifampicin in liver tissue, obtained
after 60 min perfusion with 10 μM and 50 μM of rifampicin, were 45.1 ± 11.2 and 313.4 ± 84.4 μM,
respectively.
Conclusion:
The bioanalytical method validation was completed and the method was successfully applied for the determination of rifampicin in rat liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Izat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara,Turkey
| | - Ozan Kaplan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara,Turkey
| | - Mustafa Celebier
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara,Turkey
| | - Selma Sahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara,Turkey
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4
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Kolarić TO, Ninčević V, Smolić R, Smolić M, Wu GY. Mechanisms of Hepatic Cholestatic Drug Injury. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2019; 7:86-92. [PMID: 30944824 PMCID: PMC6441637 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2018.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced cholestasis represents a form of drug-induced liver disease that can lead to severe impairment of liver function. Numerous drugs have been shown to cause cholestasis and consequently bile duct toxicity. However, there is still lack of therapeutic tools that can prevent progression to advanced stages of liver injury. This review focuses on the various pathological mechanisms by which drugs express their hepatotoxic effects, as well as consequences of increased bile acid and toxin accumulation in the hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Omanović Kolarić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vjera Ninčević
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Robert Smolić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Smolić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Osijek, Croatia
- *Correspondence to: Martina Smolic, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, Osijek 31000, Croatia. Tel: +38-531512800, E-mail:
| | - George Y Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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5
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Cao L, Zhou J, Wen J. Transport of salvianolic acid B via the human organic anion transporter 1B1 in the liver. Phytother Res 2018; 33:197-204. [PMID: 30402894 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (SAB) has a high concentration in the liver, but the mechanism of its distribution in the liver is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of hepatic uptake of SAB. In this study, we first explored the uptake features of SAB in HepG2 cells and the effect of rifampicin on uptake. Then, we explored the effects of SAB on the uptake of pitavastatin in HepG2 cells. Finally, we established an HEK239T-OATP1B1 cell model to confirm whether OATP1B1 mediated the transport of SAB. Results showed that the uptake kinetic parameters Vmax and Km for SAB in HepG2 cells were 21.28 ± 2.06 pmol mg-1 per protein min-1 and 28.47 ± 7.36 μM, respectively. Rifampicin inhibited the uptake of SAB in HepG2 cells (IC50 was 5.85 ± 1.70 μM), and SAB affected the uptake of pitavastatin in HepG2 cells (IC50 was 27.67 ± 1.90 μM). The uptake kinetic parameters Vmax and Km for SAB in HEK239T-OATP1B1 were 60.03 ± 6.16 pmol mg-1 per protein min-1 and 87.24 ± 15.28 μM, respectively, whereas in EGFP-HEK293 cells were 14.04 ± 2.53 pmol mg-1 per protein min-1 and 56.53 ± 15.50 μM. The SAB had no effect of on the expression of OATP1B1 in HEK239T-OATP1B1 cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that OATP1B1 contributes to the transport and accumulation of SAB in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinhua Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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6
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Preclinical Evaluation of [ 18F]LCATD as a PET Tracer to Study Drug-Drug Interactions Caused by Inhibition of Hepatic Transporters. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:3064751. [PMID: 30154685 PMCID: PMC6091370 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3064751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The bile acid analogue [18F]LCATD (LithoCholic Acid Triazole Derivative) is transported in vitro by hepatic uptake transporters such as OATP1B1 and NTCP and efflux transporter BSEP. In this in vivo “proof of principle” study, we tested if [18F]LCATD may be used to evaluate drug-drug interactions (DDIs) caused by inhibition of liver transporters. Hepatic clearance of [18F]LCATD in rats was significantly modified upon coadministration of rifamycin SV or sodium fusidate, which are known to inhibit clinically relevant uptake transporters (OATP1B1, NTCP) and canalicular hepatic transporters (BSEP) in humans. Treatment with rifamycin SV (total dose 62.5 mg·Kg−1) reduced the maximum radioactivity of [18F]LCATD recorded in the liver from 14.2 ± 0.8% to 10.2 ± 0.9% and delayed t_max by 90 seconds relative to control rats. AUCliver 0–5 min, AUCbile 0–10 min and hepatic uptake clearance CLuptake,in vivo of rifamycin SV treated rats were significantly reduced, whereas AUCliver 0–30 min was higher than in control rats. Administration of sodium fusidate (30 mg·Kg−1) inhibited the liver uptake of [18F]LCATD, although to a lesser extent, reducing the maximum radioactivity in the liver to 11.5 ± 0.3%. These preliminary results indicate that [18F]LCATD may be a good candidate for future applications as an investigational tracer to evaluate altered hepatobiliary excretion as a result of drug-induced inhibition of hepatic transporters.
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7
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Chothe PP, Wu SP, Ye Z, Hariparsad N. Assessment of Transporter-Mediated and Passive Hepatic Uptake Clearance Using Rifamycin-SV as a Pan-Inhibitor of Active Uptake. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4677-4688. [PMID: 29996058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of in vitro data for the quantitative prediction of transporter-mediated clearance is critical. Central to this evaluation is the use of hepatocytes, since they contain the full complement of transporters and metabolic enzymes. In general, uptake clearance (CLuptake) is evaluated by measuring the appearance of compound in the cell. Passive clearance (CLpd) is often determined by conducting parallel studies at 4 °C or by attempting to saturate uptake pathways. Both approaches have their limitations. Recent studies have proposed the use of Rifamycin-SV (RFV) as a pan-inhibitor of hepatic uptake pathways. In our studies, we confirm that transport activity of all major hepatic uptake transporters is inhibited significantly by RFV at 1 mM (OATP1B1, 1B3, and 2B1 = NTCP (80%), OCT1 (65%), OAT2 (60%)). Under these incubation conditions, we found that the free intracellular concentration of RFV is ∼175 μM and that several major CYPs and UGTs can be reversibly inhibited. Using this approach, we also determined CLuptake and CLpd of nine known OATP substrates across three different lots of human hepatocytes. The scaling factors generated for these compounds at 37 °C with RFV and 4 °C were found to be similar. The CLpd of passively permeable compounds like metoprolol and semagacestat were found to be higher at 37 °C compared to 4 °C, indicating a temperature effect on these compounds. In addition, our data also suggests that incorporation of medium concentrations into CLuptake and CLpd calculations may be critical for highly protein bound and highly lipophilic drugs. Overall, our data indicate that RFV, instead of 4 °C, can be reliably used to measure CLuptake and CLpd of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh P Chothe
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated , Boston , Massachusetts 02210 , United States
| | - Shu-Pei Wu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated , Boston , Massachusetts 02210 , United States
| | - Zhengqi Ye
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated , Boston , Massachusetts 02210 , United States
| | - Niresh Hariparsad
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated , Boston , Massachusetts 02210 , United States
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8
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Amor D, Goutal S, Marie S, Caillé F, Bauer M, Langer O, Auvity S, Tournier N. Impact of rifampicin-inhibitable transport on the liver distribution and tissue kinetics of erlotinib assessed with PET imaging in rats. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:81. [PMID: 30116910 PMCID: PMC6095934 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Erlotinib is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. The wide inter-individual pharmacokinetic (PK) variability of erlotinib may impact treatment outcome and/or toxicity. Recent in vivo studies reported a nonlinear uptake transport of erlotinib into the liver, suggesting carrier-mediated system(s) to mediate its hepatobiliary clearance. Erlotinib has been identified in vitro as a substrate of organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) transporters which expression does not restrict to hepatocytes and may impact the tissue uptake of erlotinib in vivo. Results The impact of rifampicin (40 mg/kg), a potent OATP inhibitor, on the liver uptake and exposure to tissues of 11C-erlotinib was investigated in rats (4 animals per group) using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Tissue pharmacokinetics (PK) and corresponding exposure (area under the curve, AUC) were assessed in the liver, kidney cortex, abdominal aorta (blood pool) and the lungs. The plasma PK of parent 11C-erlotinib was also measured using arterial blood sampling to estimate the transfer rate constant (kuptake) of 11C-erlotinib from plasma into different tissues. PET images unveiled the predominant distribution of 11C-erlotinib-associated radioactivity to the liver, which gradually moved to the intestine, thus highlighting hepatobiliary clearance. 11C-erlotinib also accumulated in the kidney cortex. Rifampicin did not impact AUCaorta but reduced kuptake, liver (p < 0.001), causing a significant 27.3% decrease in liver exposure (p < 0.001). Moreover, a significant decrease in kuptake, kidney with a concomitant decrease in AUCkidney (− 30.4%, p < 0.001) were observed. Rifampicin neither affected kuptake, lung nor AUClung. Conclusions Our results suggest that 11C-erlotinib is an in vivo substrate of rOATP transporters expressed in the liver and possibly of rifampicin-inhibitable transporter(s) in the kidneys. Decreased 11C-erlotinib uptake by elimination organs did not translate into changes in systemic exposure and exposure to the lungs, which are a target tissue for erlotinib therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorra Amor
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, F-91400, Orsay, France
| | - Sébastien Goutal
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, F-91400, Orsay, France
| | - Solène Marie
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, F-91400, Orsay, France
| | - Fabien Caillé
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, F-91400, Orsay, France
| | - Martin Bauer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Sylvain Auvity
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, F-91400, Orsay, France
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, F-91400, Orsay, France. .,CEA, DRF, JOLIOT, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, F-91401, Orsay, France.
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9
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Ishida K, Ullah M, Tóth B, Juhasz V, Unadkat JD. Transport Kinetics, Selective Inhibition, and Successful Prediction of In Vivo Inhibition of Rat Hepatic Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1251-1258. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.080770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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10
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Chang JH, Zhang X, Messick K, Chen YC, Chen E, Cheong J, Ly J. Unremarkable impact of Oatp inhibition on the liver concentration of fluvastatin, lovastatin and pitavastatin in wild-type and Oatp1a/1b knockout mouse. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:602-610. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1478167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae H. Chang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kirsten Messick
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eugene Chen
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Cheong
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Justin Ly
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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11
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Abstract
Transporter systems involved in the permeation of drugs and solutes across biological membranes are recognized as key determinants of pharmacokinetics. Typically, the action of membrane transporters on drug exposure to tissues in living organisms is inferred from invasive procedures, which cannot be applied in humans. In recent years, imaging methods have greatly progressed in terms of instruments, synthesis of novel imaging probes as well as tools for data analysis. Imaging allows pharmacokinetic parameters in different tissues and organs to be obtained in a non-invasive or minimally invasive way. The aim of this overview is to summarize the current status in the field of molecular imaging of drug transporters. The overview is focused on human studies, both for the characterization of transport systems for imaging agents as well as for the determination of drug pharmacokinetics, and makes reference to animal studies where necessary. We conclude that despite certain methodological limitations, imaging has a great potential to study transporters at work in humans and that imaging will become an important tool, not only in drug development but also in medicine. Imaging allows the mechanistic aspects of transport proteins to be studied, as well as elucidating the influence of genetic background, pathophysiological states and drug-drug interactions on the function of transporters involved in the disposition of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Tournier
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria; Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Harrison J, De Bruyn T, Darwich AS, Houston JB. Simultaneous Assessment In Vitro of Transporter and Metabolic Processes in Hepatic Drug Clearance: Use of a Media Loss Approach. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:405-414. [PMID: 29439129 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.079590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte drug depletion-time assays are well established for determination of metabolic clearance in vitro. The present study focuses on the refinement and evaluation of a "media loss" assay, an adaptation of the conventional depletion assay involving centrifugation of hepatocytes prior to sampling, allowing estimation of uptake in addition to metabolism. Using experimental procedures consistent with a high throughput, a selection of 12 compounds with a range of uptake and metabolism characteristics (atorvastatin, cerivastatin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, indinavir, pitavastatin, repaglinide, rosuvastatin, saquinavir, and valsartan, with two control compounds-midazolam and tolbutamide) were investigated in the presence and absence of the cytochrome P450 inhibitor 1-aminobenzotriazole and organic anion transporter protein inhibitor rifamycin SV in rat hepatocytes. Data were generated simultaneously for a given drug, and provided, through the use of a mechanistic cell model, clearance terms characterizing metabolism, active and passive uptake, together with intracellular binding and partitioning parameters. Results were largely consistent with the particular drug characteristics, with active uptake, passive diffusion, and metabolic clearances ranging between 0.4 and 777, 3 and 383, and 2 and 236 μl/min per milligram protein, respectively. The same experiments provided total and unbound drug cellular partition coefficients ranging between 3.8 and 254 and 2.3 and 8.3, respectively, and intracellular unbound fractions between 0.014 and 0.263. Following in vitro-in vivo extrapolation, the lowest prediction bias was noted using uptake clearance, compared with metabolic clearance or apparent clearance from the media loss assay alone. This approach allows rapid and comprehensive characterization of hepatocyte drug disposition valuable for prediction of hepatic processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Harrison
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.H., T.D.B., A.S.D., J.B.H.) and Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (T.D.B.)
| | - Tom De Bruyn
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.H., T.D.B., A.S.D., J.B.H.) and Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (T.D.B.)
| | - Adam S Darwich
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.H., T.D.B., A.S.D., J.B.H.) and Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (T.D.B.)
| | - J Brian Houston
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.H., T.D.B., A.S.D., J.B.H.) and Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (T.D.B.)
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13
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Zhang W, Chen L, Feng H, Wang W, Cai Y, Qi F, Tao X, Liu J, Shen Y, Ren X, Chen X, Xu J, Shen Y. Rifampicin-induced injury in HepG2 cells is alleviated by TUDCA via increasing bile acid transporters expression and enhancing the Nrf2-mediated adaptive response. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:24-35. [PMID: 28688954 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bile acid transporters and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf-2)-mediated adaptive response play important roles in the development of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). However, little is known about the contribution of the adaptive response to rifampicin (RFP)-induced cell injury. In this study, we found RFP decreased the survival rate of HepG2 cells and increased the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), γ-glutamyl-transferase (γ-GT), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), total bile acid (TBA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the cell culture supernatants in both a concentration- and a time-dependent manner. RFP increased the expression levels of bile acid transporter proteins and mRNAs, such as bile salt export pump (BSEP), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), Na+/taurocholate cotransporter (NTCP), organic anion transporting protein 2 (OATP2), organic solute transporter β (OSTβ) and Nrf2. Following the transient knockdown of Nrf2 and treatment with RFP, the expression levels of the BSEP, MDR1, MRP2, NTCP, OATP2 and OSTβ proteins and mRNAs were decreased to different degrees. Moreover, the cell survival was decreased, whereas the LDH level in the cell culture supernatant was increased. Overexpression of the Nrf2 gene produced the opposite effects. Treatment with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) increased the expression levels of the bile acid transporters and Nrf2, decreased the expression levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), and inhibited RFP-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, TUDCA reduced cell apoptosis, increased cell survival and decreased the levels of LDH, ALT, AST, AKP, γ-GT, TBIL, DBIL, IBIL, TBA and ATP in the cell culture supernatant. Therefore, TUDCA alleviates RFP-induced injury in HepG2 cells by enhancing bile acid transporters expression and the Nrf2-mediated adaptive response.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/agonists
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/agonists
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/metabolism
- Adaptation, Physiological
- Adenosine Triphosphate
- Alanine Transaminase/genetics
- Alanine Transaminase/metabolism
- Alkaline Phosphatase/genetics
- Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism
- Antibiotics, Antitubercular/pharmacology
- Aspartate Aminotransferases/genetics
- Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism
- Bilirubin
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/genetics
- L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1/genetics
- Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1/metabolism
- Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/agonists
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/agonists
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent/genetics
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rifampin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Rifampin/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Stress, Physiological
- Symporters/genetics
- Symporters/metabolism
- Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid/pharmacology
- gamma-Glutamyltransferase/genetics
- gamma-Glutamyltransferase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China; The First Affliated Hospital of AUTCM, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Tao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxian Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Lin SW, Lin CJ, Yang JC. Rifamycin SV MMX for the treatment of traveler’s diarrhea. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2017; 18:1269-1277. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2017.1353079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Chin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Wang H, Sun P, Wang C, Meng Q, Liu Z, Huo X, Sun H, Ma X, Peng J, Liu K. Liver uptake of cefditoren is mediated by OATP1B1 and OATP2B1 in humans and Oatp1a1, Oatp1a4, and Oatp1b2 in rats. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03537c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OATPs and Oatps mediated liver uptake of cefditoren in humans and in rats.
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16
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Nishizawa K, Nakanishi T, Tamai I. Comparative Evaluation of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Potential to Predict Hepatic Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide Transporter-Based Drug-Drug Interactions. Drug Metab Dispos 2016; 45:224-227. [PMID: 27934638 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.072355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions (DDIs) on hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are important clinical issues. Previously, we reported that plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) could serve as an endogenous probe to predict OATP-based DDIs in monkeys using rifampicin as an OATP inhibitor. Since the contribution of hepatic OATPs to the changes in plasma DHEAS by rifampicin remains unclear, however, we performed an in vivo pharmacokinetic study to explore this issue. Since plasma DHEAS concentrations were low in our rat model, the disposition of externally administered DHEAS was evaluated. Intravenously administered DHEAS was recovered mainly in bile (29.1%) and less in urine (2.95%). The liver tissue-to-plasma concentration ratio (Kpliver) decreased from 41.8 to 5.07 by rifampicin, and this decrement was consistent with the decrease in distribution volume from 247 to 59 ml/rat. Comparison of the in vitro IC50 of rifampicin for DHEAS uptake by isolated rat hepatocytes and in vivo plasma rifampicin concentration suggested that the effect of rifampicin on the plasma DHEAS concentration was explained mostly by the inhibition of hepatic OATPs, demonstrating that DHEAS could be a biomarker of hepatic OATP activity. Next, previously reported rifampicin-induced changes in plasma concentrations evaluated as an AUC ratio (AUCR) of possible probe compounds were compared on the basis of rifampicin dose/body surface area. The AUCR values of endogenous compounds and i.v. administered statins, for which possible DDIs in the intestinal absorption process can be excluded, increased proportionally to the rifampicin dose. Simultaneous measurement of these endogenous compounds could be effective biomarkers for the prediction of OATP-based DDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nishizawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takeo Nakanishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ikumi Tamai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences University, Kanazawa, Japan
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17
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Song JC, Stevens DA. Caspofungin: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses and treatment outcomes. Crit Rev Microbiol 2015; 42:813-46. [PMID: 26369708 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2015.1068271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, echinocandins have emerged as first-line antifungal agents for many Candida infections. The echinocandins have a unique mechanism of action, inhibiting the synthesis of β-1,3-d-glucan polymers, key components of the cell wall in pathogenic fungi. Caspofungin was the first echinocandin antifungal agent to become licensed for use. The objectives of this review are to summarize the existing published data on caspofungin, under the subject headings of chemistry and mechanism of action, spectrum of activity, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical studies, safety, drug interactions, dosing, and an overview of the drug's current place in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Song
- a Department of Pharmacy , Santa Clara Valley Medical Center , San Jose , CA , USA .,b California Institute for Medical Research , San Jose , CA , USA , and
| | - David A Stevens
- b California Institute for Medical Research , San Jose , CA , USA , and.,c Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
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18
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Bishara A, Meir M, Portnoy E, Shmuel M, Eyal S. Near Infrared Imaging of Indocyanine Green Distribution in Pregnant Mice and Effects of Concomitant Medications. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3351-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Bishara
- Institute
for Drug Research,
School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Meir
- Institute
for Drug Research,
School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Emma Portnoy
- Institute
for Drug Research,
School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Miri Shmuel
- Institute
for Drug Research,
School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sara Eyal
- Institute
for Drug Research,
School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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19
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Watanabe T, Miyake M, Shimizu T, Kamezawa M, Masutomi N, Shimura T, Ohashi R. Utility of bilirubins and bile acids as endogenous biomarkers for the inhibition of hepatic transporters. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:459-66. [PMID: 25581390 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.061051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is useful to identify endogenous substrates for the evaluation of drug-drug interactions via transporters. In this study, we investigated the utility of bilirubins, substrates of OATPs and MRP2, and bile acids and substrates of NTCP and BSEP, as biomarkers for the inhibition of transporters. In rats administered 20 and 80 mg/kg rifampicin, the plasma levels of bilirubin glucuronides were elevated, gradually decreased, and almost returned to the baseline level at 24 hours after administration without an elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). This result indicates the transient inhibition of rOatps and/or rMrp2. Although the correlation between free plasma concentrations and IC50 values of rOatps depended on the substrates used in the in vitro studies, the inhibition of rOatps by rifampicin was confirmed in the in vivo study using valsartan as a substrate of rOatps. In rats administered 10 and 30 mg/kg cyclosporin A, the plasma levels of bile acids were elevated and persisted for up to 24 hours after administration without an elevation of ALT and AST. This result indicates the continuous inhibition of rNtcp and/or rBsep, although there were differences between the free plasma or liver concentrations and IC50 values of rNtcp or rBsep, respectively. This study suggests that the monitoring of bilirubins and bile acids in plasma is useful in evaluating the inhibitory potential of their corresponding transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Watanabe
- DMPK Research Laboratory, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Saitama, Japan (T.W., M.K., Ta.S., R.O.); and Safety Research Laboratory, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Chiba, Japan (M.M., To.S., N.M.)
| | - Manami Miyake
- DMPK Research Laboratory, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Saitama, Japan (T.W., M.K., Ta.S., R.O.); and Safety Research Laboratory, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Chiba, Japan (M.M., To.S., N.M.)
| | - Toshinobu Shimizu
- DMPK Research Laboratory, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Saitama, Japan (T.W., M.K., Ta.S., R.O.); and Safety Research Laboratory, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Chiba, Japan (M.M., To.S., N.M.)
| | - Miho Kamezawa
- DMPK Research Laboratory, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Saitama, Japan (T.W., M.K., Ta.S., R.O.); and Safety Research Laboratory, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Chiba, Japan (M.M., To.S., N.M.)
| | - Naoya Masutomi
- DMPK Research Laboratory, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Saitama, Japan (T.W., M.K., Ta.S., R.O.); and Safety Research Laboratory, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Chiba, Japan (M.M., To.S., N.M.)
| | - Takesada Shimura
- DMPK Research Laboratory, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Saitama, Japan (T.W., M.K., Ta.S., R.O.); and Safety Research Laboratory, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Chiba, Japan (M.M., To.S., N.M.)
| | - Rikiya Ohashi
- DMPK Research Laboratory, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Saitama, Japan (T.W., M.K., Ta.S., R.O.); and Safety Research Laboratory, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Chiba, Japan (M.M., To.S., N.M.)
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20
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Babbey CM, Ryan JC, Gill EM, Ghabril MS, Burch CR, Paulman A, Dunn KW. Quantitative intravital microscopy of hepatic transport. INTRAVITAL 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/intv.21296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Fattah S, Augustijns P, Annaert P. Age-dependent activity of the uptake transporters Ntcp and Oatp1b2 in male rat hepatocytes: from birth till adulthood. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 43:1-8. [PMID: 25305012 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.059212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition of the role of hepatic drug transporters in elimination of xenobiotics continues to grow. Hepatic uptake transporters, such as hepatic isoforms of the organic anion-transporting polypeptide (Oatp) family as well as the bile acid transporter Na(+)-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (Ntcp) have been studied extensively both at the mRNA and protein expression levels in adults. However, in pediatric/juvenile populations, there continues to be a knowledge gap about the functional activity of these transporters. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the functional maturation of Ntcp and Oatp isoforms as major hepatic transporters. Hepatocytes were freshly isolated from rats aged between birth and 8 weeks. Transporter activities were assessed by measuring the initial uptake rates of known substrates: taurocholate (TCA) for Ntcp and sodium fluorescein (NaFluo) for Oatp. Relative to adult values, uptake clearance of TCA in hepatocytes from rats aged 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks reached 19, 43, 22, 46, and 63%, respectively. In contrast, Oatp-mediated NaFluo uptake showed a considerably slower developmental pattern: uptake clearance of NaFluo in hepatocytes from rats aged 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks were 24, 20, 19, 8, 19, and 64%, respectively. Maturation of NaFluo uptake activity correlated with the previously reported ontogeny of Oatp1b2 mRNA expression, confirming the role of Oatp1b2 for NaFluo uptake in rat liver. The outcome of this project will help in understanding and predicting age-dependent drug exposure in juvenile animals and will eventually support safe and more effective drug therapies for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarinj Fattah
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Stieger B, Unadkat JD, Prasad B, Langer O, Gali H. Role of (drug) transporters in imaging in health and disease. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:2007-15. [PMID: 25249691 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.059873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This report is the summary of presentations at the symposium sponsored by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, April 26-30, at Experimental Biology 2014 in San Diego, CA. The presentations focused on the role of transporters in imaging in health and disease and on assessing transporter function in vivo. Imaging is an important diagnostic tool in clinics and is a novel tool for in vivo visualization of transporter function. Many imaging substrates and endogenous markers for organ function are organic anions. In this symposium, the bile salt transporter sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide and the liver organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) as well as the renal organic anion transporters (OATs) were addressed in detail; e.g., OATPs mediate transport of contrast agents used for magnetic resonance imaging of the liver or transport agents used for hepatobiliary scintigraphy, and OATs transport substances used in renography. In addition, the symposium also focused on the multidrug-resistance transporter 1 (MDR1 or P-gp), which is the most important gatekeeper in epithelial or endothelial barriers for preventing entry of potentially harmful substances into organs. Novel substrates suitable for positron emission tomography (PET) allow the study of such transporters at the blood-brain barrier or while they are mediating uptake of drugs into hepatocytes, and, importantly, PET tracers also now allow renography. Finally, quantitative data on transporter expression in human organs allow the development of improved physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for drug disposition. Hence, the combined efforts using novel substrates for in vivo visualization of transporters and quantification of transporters will lead to a deeper understanding of transporter function in disease and allow development of novel PBPK models for disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Stieger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (B.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.D.U., B.P.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (O.L.); and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (H.G.)
| | - Jashvant D Unadkat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (B.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.D.U., B.P.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (O.L.); and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (H.G.)
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (B.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.D.U., B.P.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (O.L.); and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (H.G.)
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (B.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.D.U., B.P.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (O.L.); and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (H.G.)
| | - Hariprasad Gali
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (B.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.D.U., B.P.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (O.L.); and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (H.G.)
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23
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He J, Yu Y, Prasad B, Link J, Miyaoka RS, Chen X, Unadkat JD. PET Imaging of Oatp-Mediated Hepatobiliary Transport of [11C] Rosuvastatin in the Rat. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:2745-54. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500027c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiake He
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Center
of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jeanne Link
- Department
of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Robert S. Miyaoka
- Department
of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xijing Chen
- Center
of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jashvant D. Unadkat
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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24
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Sun P, Wang C, Liu Q, Meng Q, Zhang A, Huo X, Sun H, Liu K. OATP and MRP2-mediated hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of eprosartan in rat and human. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:311-9. [PMID: 24911086 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eprosartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure in clinical patients. The objective of this study was to clarify the mechanism underlying hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of eprosartan in rats and humans. METHODS Perfused rat liver in situ, rat liver slices, isolated rat hepatocytes and human organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP)-transfected cells in vitro were used in this study. RESULTS Extraction ratio of eprosartan was decreased by rifampicin in perfused rat livers. Uptake of eprosartan in rat liver slices and isolated rat hepatocytes was significantly inhibited by Oatp modulators such as ibuprofen, digoxin, rifampicin and cyclosporine A, but not by tetraethyl ammonium or p-aminohippurate. Uptake of eprosartan in rat hepatocytes indicated a saturable process. Although uptake of eprosartan in OATP1B3-human embryonic kidney cells (HEK) 293 cells was not observed, significant differences in cellular accumulations of eprosartan between vector- and OATP1B1-Madin-Darby canine kidney strain (MDCK) II cells were found in transcellular transport study. Moreover, cumulative biliary excretion rate of eprosartan in the presence of probenecid (Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) inhibitor) was significantly decreased in perfused rat livers. Vectorial basal-to-apical transport of eprosartan was also observed in OATP1B1/MRP2 double transfectants. CONCLUSIONS Eprosartan was transported by multiple Oatps (at least Oatp1a1 and Oatp1a4)/Mrp2 in rat and OATP1B1/MRP2, at least, in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Aijie Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, China; Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China.
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25
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Shingaki T, Takashima T, Ijuin R, Zhang X, Onoue T, Katayama Y, Okauchi T, Hayashinaka E, Cui Y, Wada Y, Suzuki M, Maeda K, Kusuhara H, Sugiyama Y, Watanabe Y. Evaluation of Oatp and Mrp2 Activities in Hepatobiliary Excretion Using Newly Developed Positron Emission Tomography Tracer [11C]Dehydropravastatin in Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 347:193-202. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.206425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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26
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Weiss M, Liu X, Thorling CA, Roberts MS. Functional characterization of hepatic transporters using intravital microscopy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:845-9. [PMID: 23791640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of the role of hepatic transporters in drug elimination is of crucial importance for drug development and therapy. This study examined the usefulness of intravital microscopy to quantitatively evaluate the function of hepatic transporters in the exposed liver of anesthetized rats. In one experiment the function of the organic anion transporting polypeptide (Oatp) in sinusoidal uptake was investigated by administering an Oatp inhibitor, rifampicin, prior to the probe substrate Na-fluorescein. In another experiment, rhodamine 123 was used to quantify the biliary canalicular transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp, Abcb1a/b) with cyclosporin A as an inhibitor of P-gp activity. Calibrated fluorescence intensity time curves measured in sinusoids and hepatocytes together with cumulative biliary excretion data from control and inhibitor treated animals were analyzed with a three-compartment model. A robust parameter estimation was achieved using nonlinear mixed effects modeling. Rifampicin reduced the hepatic uptake clearance of Na-fluorescein to 25% of the control (p<0.05) without affecting other parameters. In the presence of cyclosporin A, biliary excretion of rhodamine 123 decreased to 7% of the control (p<0.01). The novelty of this approach is that it allows a quantitative evaluation of transporter function in the in vivo rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weiss
- Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
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27
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Kim JW, Yi S, Kim TE, Lim KS, Yoon SH, Cho JY, Lee MG, Song IS, Shin SG, Jang IJ, Yu KS. Increased Systemic Exposure of Fimasartan, an Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist, by Ketoconazole and Rifampicin. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 53:75-81. [DOI: 10.1177/0091270011433328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Won Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital; Seoul; Korea
| | - SoJeong Yi
- Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital; Seoul; Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital; Seoul; Korea
| | - Kyoung Soo Lim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital; Seoul; Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Yoon
- Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital; Seoul; Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital; Seoul; Korea
| | - Min Goo Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul; Korea
| | - Im-Sook Song
- Inje University College of Medicine; Busan; Korea
| | - Sang-Goo Shin
- Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital; Seoul; Korea
| | - In-Jin Jang
- Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital; Seoul; Korea
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital; Seoul; Korea
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28
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Daali Y, Millet P, Dayer P, Pastor CM. Evidence of Drug-Drug Interactions through Uptake and Efflux Transport Systems in Rat Hepatocytes: Implications for Cellular Concentrations of Competing Drugs. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:1548-56. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.051870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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29
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Wlcek K, Koller F, Ferenci P, Stieger B. Hepatocellular organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) are inhibited by silibinin. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:1522-8. [PMID: 23695864 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.051037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silibinin has been reported to be a promising compound for hepatitis C treatment of nonresponders to standard treatment. Although administered silibinin is well tolerated, increased serum bilirubin levels have been observed during high-dose i.v. silibinin therapy. The mechanism of silibinin-induced hyperbilirubinemia in humans, however, has not been identified so far. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silibinin on hepatocellular uptake and efflux transport systems for organic anions to elucidate the cause of silibinin-induced hyperbilirubinemia. Therefore, the effect of silibinin on transport activity of the hepatocellular uptake transporters organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP2B1, as well as Na(+)-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) and of the efflux transporters multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and bile-salt export pump (BSEP) was studied. The effect of silibinin on OATPs and NTCP function was studied in stable transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells using the radiolabeled model substrates estrone-3-sulfate and dehydroepiandrosteronesulfate for OATPs and taurocholate for NTCP. Interaction of silibinin with MRP2 and BSEP was measured in vesicles isolated from Sf21 or Sf9 insect cells expressing these transporters using either estradiol-17β-glucuronide or taurocholate as substrates. OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP2B1 were inhibited by silibinin, with OATP1B1 being inhibited by (a) complex mechanism(s). An inhibitory effect was also seen for MRP2. In contrast, the bile acid transporters NTCP and BSEP were not affected by silibinin. We concluded that silibinin-induced hyperbilirubinemia may be caused by an inhibition of the bilirubin-transporting OATPs and the efflux-transporter MRP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Wlcek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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30
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Saarikoski T, Saari TI, Hagelberg NM, Neuvonen M, Neuvonen PJ, Scheinin M, Olkkola KT, Laine K. Rifampicin markedly decreases the exposure to oral and intravenous tramadol. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 69:1293-301. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-012-1460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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31
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Lancaster CS, Bruun GH, Peer CJ, Mikkelsen TS, Corydon TJ, Gibson AA, Hu S, Orwick SJ, Mathijssen RHJ, Figg WD, Baker SD, Sparreboom A. OATP1B1 polymorphism as a determinant of erythromycin disposition. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2012; 92:642-50. [PMID: 22990751 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2012.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the pharmacokinetic profile of erythromycin, a probe for CYP3A4 activity, is affected by inhibitors or inducers of hepatic solute carriers. We hypothesized that these interactions are mediated by OATP1B1 (gene symbol, SLCO1B1), a polypeptide expressed on the basolateral surface of hepatocytes. Using stably transfected Flp-In T-Rex293 cells, erythromycin was found to be a substrate for OATP1B1*1A (wild type) with a Michaelis-Menten constant of ~13 µmol/l, and that its transport was reduced by ~50% in cells expressing OATP1B1*5 (V174A). Deficiency of the ortholog transporter Oatp1b2 in mice was associated with a 52% decrease in the metabolic rate of erythromycin (P = 0.000043). In line with these observations, in humans the c.521T>C variant in SLCO1B1 (rs4149056), encoding OATP1B1*5, was associated with a decline in erythromycin metabolism (P = 0.0072). These results suggest that impairment of OATP1B1 function can alter erythromycin metabolism, independent of changes in CYP3A4 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Lancaster
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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32
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Wiederhold NP, Herrera LA. Caspofungin for the treatment of immunocompromised and severely ill children and neonates with invasive fungal infections. Clin Med Insights Pediatr 2012; 6:19-31. [PMID: 23641163 PMCID: PMC3620773 DOI: 10.4137/cmped.s8016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspofungin is the first member of the echinocandin class of antifungals to receive an indication for the use in infants, children, and adolescents from the United States Food and Drug Administration. Daily doses of 50 mg/m(2) result in pharmacokinetic parameters that are similar to those observed in adults. Although fewer data are available, the response rates in pediatric patients who received caspofungin either as treatment or empiric therapy in clinical trials are similar to those reported in adults. In addition, caspofungin appears to be generally safe and well tolerated in this population. This represents a significant step forward in the treatment of invasive fungal infections within this population, as caspofungin is associated with few clinically significant drug-interactions and toxicities compared to other antifungals, such as the azoles and amphotericin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P. Wiederhold
- University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Lydia A. Herrera
- Methodist Hospital System, Department of Pharmacy, San Antonio, TX
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33
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Stieger B, Heger M, de Graaf W, Paumgartner G, van Gulik T. The emerging role of transport systems in liver function tests. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 675:1-5. [PMID: 22173125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver function tests are of critical importance for the management of patients with severe or terminal liver disease. They are also used as prognostic tools for planning liver resections. In recent years many transport systems have been identified that also transport substances employed in liver function tests. Such substances include endogenous bilirubin or exogenously administered indocyanine green, agents for magnetic resonance imaging, agents for single photon emission computed tomography or agents for breath tests. The increasing functional and molecular information on the respective transport systems should improve the management and as a result the outcome of patients scheduled for liver surgery or transplantation. To achieve the latter goal, clinical studies that assess individual patients' liver function over the course of their disease with liver function tests are needed to firmly establish and validate recently introduced and novel liver function markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Stieger
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
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34
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Iusuf D, van de Steeg E, Schinkel AH. Functions of OATP1A and 1B transporters in vivo: insights from mouse models. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2011; 33:100-8. [PMID: 22130008 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are a superfamily of uptake transporters that mediate the cellular uptake of a broad range of endogenous and exogenous compounds. Of these OATP transporters, members of the 1A and 1B subfamilies have broad substrate specificities. Because they are mainly expressed in liver, kidney and small intestine, OATP1A and 1B transporters can have a major impact on the pharmacokinetics of many drugs. To study their role in physiology and drug disposition, several mouse models lacking functional expression of one or more OATPs have been generated. This review discusses recent findings for these models that have led to new insights into the impact of OATP1A and 1B transporters on pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics, and on bilirubin detoxification and bile acid handling in normal liver physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Iusuf
- Division of Molecular Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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35
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Hobbs M, Parker C, Birch H, Kenworthy K. Understanding the interplay of drug transporters involved in the disposition of rosuvastatin in the isolated perfused rat liver using a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model. Xenobiotica 2011; 42:327-38. [PMID: 22035568 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.625452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of hepatic uptake (Oatp1a1 and Oatp1b4) and efflux (Bcrp and Mrp2) transporters in the disposition of rosuvastatin were investigated using the isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL). A simple physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model was developed to quantitatively determine the interplay between the individual transporters. Uptake and elimination of rosuvastatin in the IPRL was rapid and extensive. In the presence of rifamycin (an equipotent inhibitor of both Oatp1a1 and Oatp1a4) the perfusate clearance of rosuvastatin was reduced, but rifampicin (a potent inhibitor of Oatp1a4) had no effect upon the perfusate clearance. This might indicate a limited role for Oatp1a4, but it is possible that Oatp1a1 (or other uptake transporters) may have redundancy in their affinity for rosuvastatin. In the presence of GF120918 (a potent inhibitor of Bcrp) and in the Wistar TR- rat (a naturally occurring mutant not expressing Mrp2) the biliary clearance was reduced and virtually abolished in the TR- pre-incubated GF120918. Bcrp and Mrp2 appear to represent the primary efflux mechanisms for rosuvastatin in the rat. Rosuvastatin disposition in the IPRL is mediated in part by Oatp1a1 and efflux is almost entirely by Mrp2 and Bcrp. Other uptake processes may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hobbs
- GlaxoSmithKline, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Park Road, Ware, UK.
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36
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Takashima T, Hashizume Y, Katayama Y, Murai M, Wada Y, Maeda K, Sugiyama Y, Watanabe Y. The Involvement of Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide in the Hepatic Uptake of Telmisartan in Rats: PET Studies with [11C]Telmisartan. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1789-98. [DOI: 10.1021/mp200160t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadayuki Takashima
- RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yumiko Katayama
- RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Machiko Murai
- RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Wada
- RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Watanabe
- RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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37
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Comparative antidotal efficacy of benzylpenicillin, ceftazidime and rifamycin in cultured human hepatocytes intoxicated with α-amanitin. Arch Toxicol 2011; 83:1091-6. [PMID: 19730819 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-009-0466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The most often used antidote to treat poisoning caused by amanitin-containing mushrooms is benzylpenicillin (BPCN). However, a very few reports suggest that other antibiotics such as ceftazidime (CEFT) and rifamycin SV (RIFSV) show better antidote activity against amanitins than BPCN. Given this, there is an ongoing debate as which of three antidotes is optimal for treatment of such poisonings. In this study, the efficacy of BPCN was compared with those of CEFT and RIFSV in human hepatocyte model. The functional integrity and viability of cultured hepatocytes was evaluated using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay and by measurements of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. In the first experimental layout, hepatocytes were simultaneously exposed to α-AMA and tested antidotes, while in the second layout, the cells were exposed for the first 12 h to α-AMA only, and then, the medium containing α-AMA was exchanged to culture medium containing both α-AMA and the antidotes tested. The results demonstrated that simultaneous administration of α-AMA and each of tested antidotes (BPCN, CEFT, RIFSV) effectively protected human hepatocytes; however, in the group dosed with BPCN, the highest hepatocyte viability was observed. In cell cultures from experimental layout II, all tested antidotes were ineffective, which indicates that after the critical dose of α-AMA had been taken up by hepatocytes, further suppression of this process does not protect the cells against injury. Thus, 12 h of exposure of incubated hepatocytes to α-AMA is a sufficient time for such a cellular uptake of a critical dose of this toxin. In summary, it can be concluded that easily accessible and low-cost BPCN should be widely used as an antidote against amanitins. However, the key to successful therapy is a quick implementation of an antidote in order to protect as large as possible portion of the liver parenchyma against the devastating uptake of a critical dose of amanitins.
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38
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Roth M, Timmermann BN, Hagenbuch B, Saito A, Harada A, Ebner T, Roth W, Igarashi T, Sugiyama Y. Interactions of green tea catechins with organic anion-transporting polypeptides. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:920-6. [PMID: 21278283 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.036640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are multispecific transporters that mediate the uptake of numerous drugs and xenobiotics into cells. Here, we examined the effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis) catechins on the function of the four OATPs expressed in human enterocytes and hepatocytes. Uptake of the model substrate estrone-3-sulfate by cells expressing OATP1A2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, or OATP2B1 was measured in the absence and presence of the four most abundant flavonols found in green tea. Uptake by OATP1A2, OATP1B1, and OATP2B1 was inhibited by epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in a concentration-dependent way. In contrast, OATP1B3-mediated uptake of estrone-3-sulfate was strongly stimulated by EGCG at low substrate concentrations. The effect of EGCG on OATP1B3 was also studied with additional substrates: uptake of estradiol-17β-glucuronide was unchanged, whereas uptake of Fluo-3 was noncompetitively inhibited. Both ECG and EGCG were found to be substrates of OATP1A2 (K(m) values of 10.4 and 18.8 μM, respectively) and OATP1B3 (34.1 and 13.2 μM, respectively) but not of OATP1B1 or OATP2B1. These results indicate that two of the major flavonols found in green tea have a substantial effect on the function of OATPs expressed in enterocytes and hepatocytes and can potentially alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs and other OATP substrates. In addition, the diverse effects of EGCG on the transport of other OATP1B3 substrates suggest that different transport/binding sites are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Stieger B. The role of the sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) and of the bile salt export pump (BSEP) in physiology and pathophysiology of bile formation. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2011:205-59. [PMID: 21103971 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14541-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bile formation is an important function of the liver. Bile salts are a major constituent of bile and are secreted by hepatocytes into bile and delivered into the small intestine, where they assist in fat digestion. In the small intestine, bile salts are almost quantitatively reclaimed and transported back via the portal circulation to the liver. In the liver, hepatocytes take up bile salts and secrete them again into bile for ongoing enterohepatic circulation. Uptake of bile salts into hepatocytes occurs largely in a sodium-dependent manner by the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide NTCP. The transport properties of NTCP have been extensively characterized. It is an electrogenic member of the solute carrier family of transporters (SLC10A1) and transports predominantly bile salts and sulfated compounds, but is also able to mediate transport of additional substrates, such as thyroid hormones, drugs and toxins. It is highly regulated under physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions. Regulation of NTCP copes with changes of bile salt load to hepatocytes and prevents entry of cytotoxic bile salts during liver disease. Canalicular export of bile salts is mediated by the ATP-binding cassette transporter bile salt export pump BSEP (ABCB11). BSEP constitutes the rate limiting step of hepatocellular bile salt transport and drives enterohepatic circulation of bile salts. It is extensively regulated to keep intracellular bile salt levels low under normal and pathophysiologic situations. Mutations in the BSEP gene lead to severe progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. The substrates of BSEP are practically restricted to bile salts and their metabolites. It is, however, subject to inhibition by endogenous metabolites or by drugs. A sustained inhibition will lead to acquired cholestasis, which can end in liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Stieger
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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40
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van de Steeg E, Wagenaar E, van der Kruijssen CMM, Burggraaff JEC, de Waart DR, Elferink RPJO, Kenworthy KE, Schinkel AH. Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1a/1b-knockout mice provide insights into hepatic handling of bilirubin, bile acids, and drugs. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:2942-52. [PMID: 20644253 DOI: 10.1172/jci42168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are uptake transporters for a broad range of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics. To investigate the physiologic and pharmacologic roles of OATPs of the 1A and 1B subfamilies, we generated mice lacking all established and predicted mouse Oatp1a/1b transporters (referred to as Slco1a/1b-/- mice, as SLCO genes encode OATPs). Slco1a/1b-/- mice were viable and fertile but exhibited markedly increased plasma levels of bilirubin conjugated to glucuronide and increased plasma levels of unconjugated bile acids. The unexpected conjugated hyperbilirubinemia indicates that Oatp1a/1b transporters normally mediate extensive hepatic reuptake of glucuronidated bilirubin. We therefore hypothesized that substantial sinusoidal secretion and subsequent Oatp1a/1b-mediated reuptake of glucuronidated compounds can occur in hepatocytes under physiologic conditions. This alters our perspective on normal liver functioning. Slco1a/1b-/- mice also showed drastically decreased hepatic uptake and consequently increased systemic exposure following i.v. or oral administration of the OATP substrate drugs methotrexate and fexofenadine. Importantly, intestinal absorption of oral methotrexate or fexofenadine was not affected in Slco1a/1b-/- mice. Further analysis showed that rifampicin was an effective and specific Oatp1a/1b inhibitor in controlling methotrexate pharmacokinetics. These data indicate that Oatp1a/1b transporters play an essential role in hepatic reuptake of conjugated bilirubin and uptake of unconjugated bile acids and drugs. Slco1a/1b-/- mice will provide excellent tools to study further the role of Oatp1a/1b transporters in physiology and drug disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evita van de Steeg
- Division of Molecular Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bergman E, Hedeland M, Bondesson U, Lennernäs H. The effect of acute administration of rifampicin and imatinib on the enterohepatic transport of rosuvastatinin vivo. Xenobiotica 2010; 40:558-68. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2010.496498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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42
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Ye ZW, Van Pelt J, Camus S, Snoeys J, Augustijns P, Annaert P. Species-Specific Interaction of HIV Protease Inhibitors With Accumulation of Cholyl-Glycylamido-Fluorescein (CGamF) in Sandwich-Cultured Hepatocytes. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:2886-98. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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43
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Sarr FS, André C, Guillaume YC. A novel biochromatographic Oatp2 column to study the transmembrane transport of statins. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 52:93-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Aristoff PA, Garcia GA, Kirchhoff PD, Showalter HD. Rifamycins--obstacles and opportunities. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2010; 90:94-118. [PMID: 20236863 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With nearly one-third of the global population infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, TB remains a major cause of death (1.7 million in 2006). TB is particularly severe in parts of Asia and Africa where it is often present in AIDS patients. Difficulties in treatment are exacerbated by the 6-9 month treatment times and numerous side effects. There is significant concern about the multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of TB (0.5 million MDR-TB cases worldwide in 2006). The rifamycins, long considered a mainstay of TB treatment, were a tremendous breakthrough when they were developed in the 1960's. While the rifamycins display many admirable qualities, they still have a number of shortfalls including: rapid selection of resistant mutants, hepatotoxicity, a flu-like syndrome (especially at higher doses), potent induction of cytochromes P450 (CYP) and inhibition of hepatic transporters. This review of the state-of-the-art regarding rifamycins suggests that it is quite possible to devise improved rifamycin analogs. Studies showing the potential of shortening the duration of treatment if higher doses could be tolerated, also suggest that more potent (or less toxic) rifamycin analogs might accomplish the same end. The improved activity against rifampin-resistant strains by some analogs promises that further work in this area, especially if the information from co-crystal structures with RNA polymerase is applied, should lead to even better analogs. The extensive drug-drug interactions seen with rifampin have already been somewhat ameliorated with rifabutin and rifalazil, and the use of a CYP-induction screening assay should serve to efficiently identify even better analogs. The toxicity due to the flu-like syndrome is an issue that needs effective resolution, particularly for analogs in the rifalazil class. It would be of interest to profile rifalazil and analogs in relation to rifampin, rifapentine, and rifabutin in a variety of screens, particularly those that might relate to hypersensitivity or immunomodulatory processes.
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Use of cassette dosing in sandwich-cultured rat and human hepatocytes to identify drugs that inhibit bile acid transport. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 24:297-309. [PMID: 19706322 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular accumulation of bile acids due to inhibition of the canalicular bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11) is one proposed mechanism of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Some hepatotoxic compounds also are potent inhibitors of bile acid uptake by Na(+)-dependent taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP/SLC10A1). This study used a cassette dosing approach in rat and human sandwich-cultured hepatocytes (SCH) to determine whether known or suspected hepatotoxic drugs inhibit bile acid transport individually or in combination. [(3)H]-Taurocholate served as the NTCP/BSEP probe substrate. Individually, cyclosporin A and rifampin decreased taurocholate in vitro biliary clearance (Cl(biliary)) and biliary excretion index (BEI) by more than 20% in rat SCH, suggesting that these drugs primarily inhibited canalicular efflux. In contrast, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, carbamazepine, pioglitazone, and troglitazone decreased the in vitro Cl(biliary) by more than 20% with no notable change in BEI, suggesting that these drugs primarily inhibited taurocholate uptake. Cassette dosing (n=2-4 compounds per cassette) in rat SCH yielded similar findings, and results in human SCH were consistent with rat SCH. In summary, cassette dosing in SCH is a useful in vitro approach to identify compounds that inhibit the hepatic uptake and/or excretion of bile acids, which may cause DILI.
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Chen X, Zhang C, Wang H, Xu J, Duan ZH, Zhang Y, Yu T, Wei W, Xu DX, Xu JM. Altered integrity and decreased expression of hepatocyte tight junctions in rifampicin-induced cholestasis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 240:26-36. [PMID: 19577586 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Rifampicin is a well-known hepatotoxicant, but little is known about the mechanism of rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression and localization of hepatocyte tight junctions in rifampicin-induced cholestasis in mice. Cholestasis was induced by administration of rifampicin (200 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days or treatment with a single dose of rifampicin (200 mg/kg) by gastric intubation. The expression of mRNA for hepatic zonula occludens (ZO)-1, ZO-2, ZO-3, occludin and claudin-1 was determined using RT-PCR. Localization of ZO-1 and occludin was detected using immunofluorescence. Results showed that there was an 82-fold increase in the conjugated bilirubin in serum in rifampicin-treated mice. In addition, an 8-fold increase in total bile acid in serum was observed after a seven-day administration of rifampicin. The integrity of hepatocyte ZO-1 and occludin was altered by a seven-day administration of rifampicin. Importantly, the integrity and intensity of hepatocyte tight junctions were altered as early as 30 min after a single dose of rifampicin. The expression of hepatic ZO-1 and ZO-2 mRNA was significantly decreased, beginning as early as 30 min and remaining a lower level 12 h after a single dose of rifampicin. Taken together, these results suggest that the altered integrity and internalization of hepatocyte tight junctions are associated with rifampicin-induced cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
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Garver E, Hugger ED, Shearn SP, Rao A, Dawson PA, Davis CB, Han C. Involvement of Intestinal Uptake Transporters in the Absorption of Azithromycin and Clarithromycin in the Rat. Drug Metab Dispos 2008; 36:2492-8. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.022285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Weiss M, Hung DY, Poenicke K, Roberts MS. Kinetic analysis of saturable hepatic uptake of digoxin and its inhibition by rifampicin. Eur J Pharm Sci 2008; 34:345-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Franke RM, Baker SD, Mathijssen RH, Schuetz EG, Sparreboom A. Influence of solute carriers on the pharmacokinetics of CYP3A4 probes. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2008; 84:704-9. [PMID: 18509328 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2008.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that the assessment of baseline CYP3A4 activity is influenced by probe-specific differences in hepatocellular uptake mechanisms. There was no significant correlation between the erythromycin breath test (ERMBT) parameters and midazolam clearance in 30 cancer patients (R(2) < 0.01), regardless of their CYP3A5 genotype status. In cellular models overexpressing 10 different solute carriers, erythromycin uptake was significantly increased by OATP1A2 (P < 0.005) and OATP1B3 (P < 0.01). Midazolam was not a substrate for any of the tested transporters. In a separate cohort of 119 patients, 6 nonsynonymous variants in the OATP1B3 gene SLCO1B3 were identified. Individuals carrying two copies of the T allele at the 334 locus had a 2.4-fold lower value for ERMBT 1/T(max) (P = 0.001), a measure reflecting more rapid hepatic uptake. These findings suggest that differential affinities for solute carriers should be considered when selecting an appropriate phenotypic probe to allow tailored dosing of pharmaceuticals that are CYP3A4 substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Franke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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50
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Ye ZW, Augustijns P, Annaert P. Cellular Accumulation of Cholyl-Glycylamido-Fluorescein in Sandwich-Cultured Rat Hepatocytes: Kinetic Characterization, Transport Mechanisms, and Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitors. Drug Metab Dispos 2008; 36:1315-21. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.107.019398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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