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Shaz N, Maran S, Genasan K, Choudhary R, Alias R, Swamiappan S, Kamarul T, Raghavendran HRB. Functionalization of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nano‑calcium sulphate and fucoidan 3D scaffold using human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells for bone tissue engineering application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128059. [PMID: 37989428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to functionalize a novel porous PLGA (Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) composite scaffold in combination with nano‑calcium sulphate (nCS) and/or fucoidan (FU) to induce osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells. The composite scaffolds (PLGA-nCS-FU, PLGA-nCS or PLGA-FU) were fabricated and subjected to characterization using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX). The biocompatibility and osteogenic induction potential of scaffolds on seeded human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) were studied using cell attachment and alamar blue cell viability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin and osteogenic gene expression, respectively. The composition of different groups was reflected in FTIR, XRD and EDX. The SEM micrographs revealed a difference in the surface of the scaffold before and after FU addition. The confocal imaging and SEM micrographs confirmed the attachment of cells onto all three composite scaffolds. However, the AB assay indicated a significant increase (p < 0.05) in cell viability/proliferation seeded on PLGA-nCS-FU on day 21 and 28 as compared with other combinations. A 2-fold significant increase (p < 0.05) in ALP and OC secretion of seeded hBMSCs onto PLGA-nCS-FU was observed when compared with other combinations. A significant increase in RUNX2, OPN, COL-I and ALP genes were observed in the cells seeded on PLGA-nCS-FU on day 14 and 28 as compared with day 0. In conclusion, the incorporation of both Fucoidan and Nano‑calcium sulphate with PLGA showed a promising improvement in the osteogenic potential of hBMSCs. Therefore, PLGA-nCS-FU could be the ideal candidate for subsequent pre-clinical studies to develop a successful bone substitute to repair critical bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norshazliza Shaz
- National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sathiya Maran
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia. 16150 Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Krishnamurithy Genasan
- National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rajan Choudhary
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Riga Technical University, Pulka St 3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Kalku Street 1, LV-1658 Riga, Latvia
| | - Rodianah Alias
- Department of Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Innovative Design & Technology, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Sasikumar Swamiappan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), University Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, 13200, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hanumanth Rao Balaji Raghavendran
- National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Biomaterials Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Central Research Facility, Porur, Chennai 116, India.
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Ou M, Huang X. Influence of bone formation by composite scaffolds with different proportions of hydroxyapatite and collagen. Dent Mater 2021; 37:e231-e244. [PMID: 33509634 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Composite scaffolds with different proportions of hydroxyapatite (HA) and collagen (COL) produced different bone induction results. OBJECTIVE To examine the composite scaffolds with optimal proportion of HA and COL to achieve earlier bone induction and maximum bone formation. METHODS Composite scaffolds with the HA/COL weight ratio of 7:3, 3:7, 5:5 and 9:1 were prepared, as HA powder was added to collagen solution at 130℃ for 48 h. Then, the composites with different proportions of HA/COL were implanted into the extraction socket of right upper central incisor of C57BL/6 J mice. The bone formation of the extraction socket was observed by Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson-trichrome (Masson) staining at 1 and 2 weeks after operation. Five weeks later, the bone formation of extraction socket was observed by micro computed tomography (micro-CT). After MC3T3-E1 cells were co-cultured with materials of different proportions for 3 days, the number of cells attached on the surface of the materials and entering the materials were counted, and the expression of osteogenic related genes (Runx2, Ocn. Osx and Alp) was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The composite scaffolds with different proportion of HA/COL with and without mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were implanted into the back of adult mice and cultured subcutaneously for 30 days, and observed histologically by HE and Masson staining. RESULTS After one week implantation with the composite HA/COL scaffolds with the weight ratio of 7:3, 3:7, 5:5 and 9:1, there was no new bone formation in the extraction socket in mouse. However, two weeks later, new bone was firstly observed in the tooth socket with the composite HA/COL scaffolds of 7:3. 5 weeks later, micro-CT scanning showed that the total amount of newly formed bone, trabecular width and bone mineral density of the HA/COL scaffolds of 7:3 were higher than the other HA/COL scaffolds (P < 0.05). After MC3T3-E1 cells were co-cultured with different composite HA/COL scaffolds for 3 days. The number of cells on the surface and inside of the HA/COL scaffolds of 7:3 was more than the other materials, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The expression levels of Ocn and Osx of MC3T3-E1 cells were also the highest in the HA/COL scaffolds of 7:3 (P < 0.01). Bone formation was observed in the composite HA/COL scaffold of 7:3 with BMMSCs subcutaneously in mouse for 30 days, while only osteoid formation was observed in the same scaffold without BMMSCs. but bone formation was not detected in the other proportions of the HA/COL scaffolds. SIGNIFICANCE Compared with other proportions of HA/COL, the composite HA/COL scaffolds of 7:3 has stronger ability to promote bone formation, recruit osteoblasts to attach and enter into the scaffolds, and promote the osteogenesis of BMMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Ou
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Kızıldağ A, Tasdemir U, Arabacı T, Kızıldağ CA, Albayrak M, Şahin B. Effects of Autogenous Tooth Bone Graft and Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Peri-Implant Defects: An Experimental Study in an Animal Model. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2020; 46:221-226. [PMID: 32582918 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-19-00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of autogenous tooth bone graft (ATBG) combined with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on bone healing in rabbit peri-implant osseous defects. Eighteen New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups. Bone defects were prepared in each rabbit, and then an implant cavity was created in the defects. Dental implants were placed, and the peri-implant bone defects were treated with the following 3 methods: no graft material was applied in the control group, bone defects were treated with ATBG in the ATBG group, and bone defects were treated with ATBG combined with PRF in the ATBG+PRF group. After 28 days, the rabbits were sacrificed, and the dental implants with surrounding bone were removed. New bone formation and the percentage of bone-to-implant contact (BIC) were determined with histomorphometric evaluations. New bone formation was significantly higher in the ATBG+PRF group than the control and ATBG groups (P < .05). In addition, BIC was significantly higher in the ATBG+PRF group than in the control and ATBG groups (P < .05). The combination of ATBG with PRF contributed to bone healing in rabbits with peri-implant bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Kızıldağ
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Tasdemir
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Taner Arabacı
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Canan Aksu Kızıldağ
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mevlüt Albayrak
- Medical Laboratory Department, Health Services Vocational Training School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Barbaros Şahin
- Experimental Surgery Application and Research Center, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Using computerized tomography perfusion to measure cerebral hemodynamics following treatment of traumatic brain injury in rabbits. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2104-2110. [PMID: 31410165 PMCID: PMC6676178 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the use of computerized tomography (CT) perfusion for evaluating cerebral hemodynamics following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rabbits. The animals were randomly assigned into four groups (n=10 animals/group): i) Control, ii) TBI, iii) TBI + common decompression and iv) TBI + controlled decompression groups. A TBI model was established in rabbits using epidural balloon inflation. In the groups receiving intervention, animals were provided common decompression or controlled decompression treatments. Conventional CT and CT perfusion scanning were performed, with cerebral hemodynamic indices, including regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and mean transit time (MTT) being measured. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability was evaluated using Evans blue staining. Compared with those in the control group, rCBF and rCBV values of the bilateral temporal lobes and basal ganglion in the TBI, TBI + common decompression and TBI + controlled decompression groups were significantly lower, whereas the MTT values were markedly prolonged and Evans blue dye content was greatly increased (P<0.01). Controlled decompression was demonstrated to be more potent than common decompression for preventing TBI-induced decline in rCBF and rCBV values in the bilateral temporal lobes and basal ganglion, as well as reversing TBI-induced extension of MTT in the bilateral temporal lobes (P<0.01 vs. TBI group). However, neither common nor controlled decompression could reduce TBI-induced increase in BBB permeability. In conclusion, these findings indicate that CT perfusion may be used to monitor cerebral hemodynamics following TBI in rabbits. Controlled decompression was deduced to be more potent than common decompression for preventing abnormalities in cerebral hemodynamics after TBI.
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Di Stefano DA, Greco G, Gherlone E. A Preshaped Titanium Mesh for Guided Bone Regeneration with an Equine-Derived Bone Graft in a Posterior Mandibular Bone Defect: A Case Report. Dent J (Basel) 2019; 7:dj7030077. [PMID: 31374857 PMCID: PMC6784736 DOI: 10.3390/dj7030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most often used bone augmentation techniques is the guided bone regeneration procedure. The authors report the case of a 75-year-old man with an atrophic right posterior mandible who underwent bone augmentation through guided bone regeneration with a preshaped titanium mesh adapted on a stereolithographic model of the patient’s jaw. The graft volume was simulated with a light-curing resin. The actual site was grafted with a mixture of autogenous and equine-derived bone. Five months later, the mesh was retrieved, three cylindrical implants were positioned, and a bone biopsy was collected for histomorphometric analysis. A provisional prosthesis was delivered three and a half months later. Definitive rehabilitation was accomplished after one additional month. The graft allowed for effective bone formation (newly formed bone, residual biomaterial, and medullar spaces were, respectively, 39%, 10%, and 51% of the core volume). The patient has functioned successfully throughout six and a half years of follow-up. Using the preshaped titanium mesh in association with the enzyme-treated equine bone substitute provided effective bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Alessio Di Stefano
- Dental School, Vita e Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
- Private Practice, 20148 Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Enrico Gherlone
- Dental School, Vita e Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Yiğiter Ö, Yorukoglu AC, Şentürk N, Dodurga Y, Demirkan AF. The effects of type I collagen on bone defects and gene expression changes for osteogenesis: In a rat model. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11525-11530. [PMID: 30816601 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of type I collagen on bone defects and on genes specifically for osteogenesis in a rat model. Two millimeter drill hole bone defect was created in the femur of rats. In the experimental group, type I collagen was applied in bone defects whereas in control group defects were left empty. Inflammation, development of connective tissue, osteogenesis, and foreign body reaction parameters evaluated with histologically and genes evaluated by blood samples. In the experimental group, the histopathologically significant change was found in favor of bone healing only at the first week. A significant increase was found in genetic expressions of BMP-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, TGF-βRII, Smad-1, IL-6, BMPR-IA, BMPR-IB, Eng, BMPR-II, c-fos, Cdkn1a, Chrd, Gdf-5, Id-1, PDGF-β, IGF-1, Serpine-1, and TGF-βRI at the first hour. At the first, third, and sixth week, no significant increase was found in any of the gene expressions. Type I collagen is found to be effective in favor of bone healing through increased inflammatory cytokines and expression of BMP genes in the early stages of fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Yiğiter
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Denizli State Hospital, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ali Cagdas Yorukoglu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Pamukkale, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Nilay Şentürk
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Pamukkale, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Dodurga
- Department of Medical Biology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Fahir Demirkan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Pamukkale, Denizli, Turkey
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Di Stefano DA, Garagiola U, Bassi MA. Preserving the Bone Profile in Anterior Maxilla using an Equine Cortical Bone Membrane and an Equine Enzyme-treated Bone Graft: A Case Report with 5-year Follow-up. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18:614-621. [PMID: 28713118 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to report a well-succeeded use of equine enzyme-deantigenic cortical membrane and bone granules for guided bone regeneration (GBR) in the esthetic zone concomitant with implant placement. BACKGROUND In the anterior maxilla, where patients typically have the highest expectations for implant-supported restorations, bone resorption in the wake of tooth loss often leads to a lack of soft tissue support and ultimately to unsatisfactory esthetic results. Buccal bone augmentation at the time of implant placement has thus become common. This is usually accomplished following GBR principles and employing membranes made from various materials to serve as a barrier between the soft tissue and graft material. One of the more recently introduced membrane materials is made from thin, flexible equine cortical bone, i.e., rendered nonantigenic in an enzymatic process that preserves native bone collagen. CASE REPORT This report describes the treatment of a patient who received an equine enzyme-deantigenic graft and membrane in conjunction with placement of an implant in the right maxillary lateral incisor site. CONCLUSION After 5 years of follow-up, the patient was very satisfied with her appearance. A cone-beam computed tomography scan showed that the peri-implant bone levels and ridge thickness had been maintained, and the cortical layer in the pristine ridge had also undergone remodeling. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Guided bone regeneration with the concomitant use of enzyme-deantigenic membrane and graft is a valuable and suitable option for effective implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation in the esthetic zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo A Di Stefano
- Department of Dentistry, Vita e Salute San Raffaele University Milan, Italy Phone: +390248705703, e-mail:
| | - Umberto Garagiola
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Ranganathan M, Balaji M, Krishnaraj R, Narayanan V, Thangavelu A. Assessment of Regeneration of Bone in the Extracted Third Molar Sockets Augmented Using Xenograft (CollaPlug TN Zimmer) in Comparison with the Normal Healing on the Contralateral Side. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2017; 9:S180-S186. [PMID: 29284960 PMCID: PMC5731009 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_176_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alveolar bone resorption is a significant clinical problem. Bone loss in third molar region following extraction or surgical removal not only leads to periodontal problems in second molar region but also it may lead to some serious problems like increased incidence of angle fractures. In order to reduce the risks following third molar surgery, the socket should be augmented with bone grafts. In recent days guided tissue regeneration is the most accepted and successful technique followed many authors and its efficacy has been proved. Materials and Methods: Based upon our clinical experience, the use of bio absorbable collagen wound dressing such as CollaPlugTN has achieved quick healing and more primary wound coverage. Amongst the graft materials collagen is preferable due to its high biocompatibility and hemostatic ability. This study was done to assess the regeneration of bone in the extracted third molar sockets using xenograft (CollaPlugTN-Zimmer) which was compared with the normal healing on the contra lateral side. The assessment was done to analyze post-operative healing complications and to compare the bone density formed between control site and implant site radiologically. Conclusion: On this basis of this study, the use of collaplugTN appears to be beneficial to the patient in postoperative wound healing and also for better bone formation. The use of this material was advantageous because of its simplicity of application cost effectiveness and availability. There is enhanced wound healing and early bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Ranganathan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rajah Muthiah Dental College, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Balaji
- Department of Dental Surgery, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Krishnaraj
- Prosthodontics, Rajah Muthiah Dental College, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Annamalai Thangavelu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rajah Muthiah Dental College, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Das S, Jhingran R, Bains VK, Madan R, Srivastava R, Rizvi I. Socket preservation by beta-tri-calcium phosphate with collagen compared to platelet-rich fibrin: A clinico-radiographic study. Eur J Dent 2016; 10:264-276. [PMID: 27095909 PMCID: PMC4813448 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.178298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study was primarily designed to determine the clinico-radiographic efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and beta-tri-calcium phosphate with collagen (β-TCP-Cl) in preserving extraction sockets. Materials and Methods: For Group I (PRF), residual sockets (n = 15) were filled with autologous PRF obtained from patients' blood; and for Group II (β-TCP-Cl), residual sockets (n = 15) were filled with β-TCP-Cl. For the sockets randomly selected for Group II (β-TCP-Cl), the reshaped Resorbable Tissue Replacement cone was inserted into the socket. Results: Clinically, there was a significantly greater decrease in relative socket depth, but apposition in midcrestal height in Group II (β-TCP-Cl) as compared to Group I (PRF), whereas more decrease in buccolingual width of Group I (PRF) than Group II (β-TCP-Cl) after 6 months. Radiographically, the mean difference in socket height, residual ridge, and width (coronal, middle, and apical third of socket) after 6 months was higher in Group I (PRF) as compared to Group II (β-TCP-Cl). The mean density (in Hounsfield Units) at coronal, middle, and apical third of socket was higher in Group I (PRF) as compared to Group II (β-TCP-Cl). There were statistically significant apposition and resorption for Group I (PRF) whereas nonsignificant resorption and significant apposition for Group II (β-TCP-Cl) in buccal and lingual/palatal cortical plate, respectively, at 6 months on computerized tomography scan. Conclusion: The use of either autologous PRF or β-TCP-Cl was effective in socket preservation. Results obtained from PRF were almost similar to β-TCP-Cl; therefore being autologous, nonimmune, cost-effective, easily procurable regenerative biomaterial, PRF proves to be an insight into the future biofuel for regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Das
- Department of Periodontology, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Jhingran
- Department of Periodontology, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Bains
- Department of Periodontology, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Madan
- Department of Periodontology, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchi Srivastava
- Department of Periodontology, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Iram Rizvi
- Department of Periodontology, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Di Stefano DA, Greco GB, Riboli F. Guided Bone Regeneration of an Atrophic Mandible with a Heterologous Bone Block. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2015; 9:88-93. [PMID: 26889354 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1551544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to test the effectiveness of using enzymatically deantigenated equine bone block as a scaffold for guided bone regeneration (GBR) during a horizontal augmentation of the lower jaw. A partially edentulous atrophic mandible was augmented using an equine-derived block with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane. After 8.5 months, two bone core samples were collected at the augmentation site, and implants were placed. A definitive prosthesis delivered 6 months after implant placement provided excellent functional and aesthetic rehabilitation throughout the follow-up period. Histological and histomorphometrical analysis of the biopsies showed newly formed bone to be present and the residual biomaterial was still undergoing remodeling. Comparison of cone beam computed tomography scans taken before augmentation and 26 months later showed maintenance of ridge width and possible corticalization of the vestibular augmented ridge side. The equine-derived bone block placed in accordance with GBR principles provided a successful clinical, radiographic, and histological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Alessio Di Stefano
- Department of Dentistry, Vita e Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Dentalnarco Odontoiatric Center, Trezzano Sul Naviglio, Italy
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Di Stefano DA, Greco GB, Cinci L, Pieri L. Horizontal-guided Bone Regeneration using a Titanium Mesh and an Equine Bone Graft. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:154-62. [PMID: 25906808 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present work describes a horizontal ridge augmentation in which a titanium mesh was preshaped by adapting it to a stereolithographic model of the patient's jaw that was fabricated from CT scans. BACKGROUND Guided bone regeneration (GBR) involves covering the augmentation site with a long-lasting barrier to protect it from the invasion of surrounding soft tissues. Among barriers, titanium meshes may provide a successful outcome, but the intraoperatory time needed to shape them is a disadvantage. CASE DESCRIPTION The 54-year-old patient, missing the right mandibular second bicuspid, first molar, and second molar, had her atrophic ridge augmented with a 30:70 mixture of autogenous bone and equine, enzyme-deantigenic collagen-preserved bone substitute. Two conical implants were inserted concomitantly in the second bicuspid and first molar positions, and the site was protected with the preshaped mesh. Four months later, the titanium mesh was retrieved, a bone sample was collected, and histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed. Provisional and definitive prostheses were then delivered, and follow-up controls were performed for up to 24 months. CONCLUSION Preshaping the mesh on a model of the patient's mandible shortened the surgical time and enabled faster mesh placement. Two years after surgery, the implants were perfectly functional, and the bone width was stable over time as shown by radiographic controls. Histological analysis of the bone sample showed the heterologous biomaterial to be biocompatible and undergoing advanced remodeling and replacement with newly formed bone. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Preshaping a titanium mesh over a stereolithographic model of the patient's jaw allowed for a significant reduction of the intraoperative time and may be therefore, advisable in routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Alessio Di Stefano
- Professor, Department of Dentistry, Vita e Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, Phone: 390248705703, e-mail:
| | | | - Lorenzo Cinci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (Neurofarba), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Pieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdepartmental Forensic Medicine Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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13
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Di Stefano D, Cazzaniga A, Bassi MA, Ludovichetti M, Ammirabile G, Celletti R. The Use of Cortical Heterologous Sheets for Sinus Lift Bone Grafting: A Modification of Tulasne's Technique with 7-Year Follow-up. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2013; 26:549-56. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201302600231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, the authors describe their experience with using cortical deantigenated equine bone sheets in sinus lift grafting procedures performed on 23 patients. The technique employed resembles that described by Tulasne but avoids the need for using harvested calvaria bone and introduces some additional operating variants. The use of heterologous cortical bone sheets effectively managed even large lacerations of the Schneiderian membrane and allowed for immediate stabilization of the heterologous bone granules. Average histomorphometric values for bone cores collected six months after grafting, at the time of implant placement, were: newly formed bone tissue 43.9±4.2%, residual bone substitute 7.4±1.4%, medullary spaces 48.7±4.0%. At seven year follow-up, clinical and radiographic examination indicated that the use of the bone sheets preserved the regenerated bone volume. In conclusion, the use of heterologous cortical bone sheets in association with granular bone graft material enabled long-term stabilization of the graft material and effective management of intra-surgical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.A. Di Stefano
- Department of Dentistry, Vita Salute University, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
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- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Institute of Neurosciences University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - R. Celletti
- Dental School, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Case of Severe Bone Atrophy of the Posterior Maxilla Rehabilitated With Blocks of Equine Origin Bone. IMPLANT DENT 2013; 22:8-15. [DOI: 10.1097/id.0b013e3182777239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Di Stefano D, Bassi MA, Ludovichetti M, Pagnutti S. Maxillary sinus lift with a collagenic equine heterologous bone substitute. Histomorphometric analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ios.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Li X, Feng G, Zhu S, Li J, Luo E, Hu J. Osteogenesis response to implanted materials in endocortical bone in rat femora. J Orthop Sci 2012; 17:626-33. [PMID: 22739934 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-012-0254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthopedic surgeons and dentists often implant materials to repair bone tissue defects and restore physiological functions of bone organs. The clinical success depends on adequate bone formation in operation sites. However, the real cause of osteogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. To investigate the bone response to implanted materials, this study examined the bone tissue reaction in rat femoral medullary canal, which received gelatin and collagen as foreign-body materials. METHODS A total of 36 six-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and meanly divided into three groups. In the gelatin group, the bilateral femora received gelatin material; in the collagen group, they were implanted with type I collagen, and in the control group, the femora suffered from sham operation with no materials inserted. After 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, specimens were harvested and subjected to a series of examinations. RESULTS After 2 weeks of healing, a significant upregulation of both alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin by both kinds of implanted materials relative to the control (sham implantation group) was seen in gene expression analysis. Strong reactivity of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of NFκB ligand was detected in the two test groups in immunohistochemistry at 4 weeks of healing. Also, micro-CT revealed an increase in cortical bone thickness in the two test groups as compared to the control group. Densitometry showed increased bone mineral density in the bone receiving materials after 12 weeks, leading to the enhanced maximum load in the test groups. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that the implanted materials led to an osteogenesis response in rat femoral medullary canal. Thus, we probably should reconsider the potential cascades of tissue reaction when utilizing orthopedic and dental implants and other materials to recover bone related-organ function and repair bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Wang QQ, Li W, Yang BC. Regulation on the biocompatibility of bioactive titanium metals by type I collagen. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 99:125-34. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Martin-Bautista E, Martin-Matillas M, Martin-Lagos JA, Miranda-Leon MT, Muñoz-Torres M, Ruiz-Requena E, Rivero M, Quer J, Puigdueta I, Campoy C. A nutritional intervention study with hydrolyzed collagen in pre-pubertal spanish children: influence on bone modeling biomarkers. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2011; 24:147-53. [PMID: 21648282 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2011.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of dietary intake of commercial hydrolyzed collagen (Gelatine Royal) on bone remodeling in pre-pubertal children. METHODS A randomized double-blind study was carried out in 60 children (9.42 +/- 1.31 years) divided into three groups according to the amount of partially hydrolyzed collagen taken daily for 4 months: placebo (G-I, n=18), collagen (G-II, n=20) and collagen+calcium (G-III, n=22) groups. Analyses of the following biochemical markers were carried out: total and bone alkaline phosphatase (tALP and bALP), osteocalcin, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), type I collagen carboxy-terminal telopeptide, lipids, calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxin and intact parathormone. RESULTS There was a significantly greater increase in serum IGF-1 in G-III than in G-II (p < 0.01) or G-I (p < 0.05) during the study period, and a significantly greater increase in plasma tALP in G-III than in G-I (p < 0.05). Serum bALP behavior significantly (p < 0.05) differed between G-II (increase) and G-I (decrease). Plasma TRAP behavior significantly differed between G-II and G-I (p < 0.01) and between G-III and G-II (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Daily dietary intake of hydrolyzed collagen seems to have a potential role in enhancing bone remodeling at key stages of growth and development.
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Ji Y, Xu GP, Yan JL, Pan SH. Transplanted bone morphogenetic protein/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) delayed-release microcysts combined with rat micromorselized bone and collagen for bone tissue engineering. J Int Med Res 2009; 37:1075-87. [PMID: 19761690 DOI: 10.1177/147323000903700412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to optimize the preparation of delayed-release microcysts containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and to investigate their osteogenic properties when combined with rat autologous micromorselized bone and collagen. Rat autologous micromorselized bone, collagen and BMP-2/PLGA delayed-release microcysts were implanted in various combinations into the rat gluteus maximus muscle sack model. The following post-operative measurements were made: general observations of the implant site, histological observations, osteogenesis measurements and alkaline phosphatase activity. Autologous micromorselized bone combined with collagen and BMP-2/PLGA delayed-release microcysts demonstrated significantly superior osteogenic properties than any of the other combinations of these three components. These findings suggest that micromorselized bone combined with collagen and BMP-2/PLGA delayed-release microcysts could reduce the quantity of BMP-2 and autologous bone required for these procedures, making their use feasible in human bone restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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20
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Ku SJ, Chang YI, Chae CH, Kim SG, Park YW, Jung YK, Choi JY. Static tensional forces increase osteogenic gene expression in three-dimensional periodontal ligament cell culture. BMB Rep 2009; 42:427-32. [PMID: 19643040 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2009.42.7.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement results from the combinational process of both bone resorption and formation in the compressive and tension sides, respectively. However, the genes responsible for new bone formation in tension sides have not been determined. In this study, we used DNA microarray and real-time RT-PCR to identify genes in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells that undergo significant changes in expression in response to static tensional forces (2 or 12 hours). The genes found were alkaline phospatase (ALP), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and several collagen genes. Furthermore, an ELISA evaluating the expression of VEGF, type IV collagen and MMP-2 found levels significantly increased after 24 and 72 hours (P 0.05). ALP activity was also increased after 24 hours (P 0.05). Collectively, we found the genes up-regulated in our study by the static tensional force are related to osteogenic processes such as matrix synthesis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Jun Ku
- Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
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21
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Rastogi S, Modi M, Sathian B. The Efficacy of Collagen Membrane as a Biodegradable Wound Dressing Material for Surgical Defects of Oral Mucosa: A Prospective Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 67:1600-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2008.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2008] [Revised: 10/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Zhang F, Shi ZL, Chua PH, Kang ET, Neoh KG. Functionalization of Titanium Surfaces via Controlled Living Radical Polymerization: From Antibacterial Surface to Surface for Osteoblast Adhesion. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ie070795j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Yuan K, Huang JS, Hsu CW, Hung IJ. A mineralization-associated membrane protein plays a role in the biological functions of the peptide-coated bovine hydroxyapatite. J Periodontal Res 2007; 42:420-8. [PMID: 17760819 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00963.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Anorganic bovine mineral coated with a cell-binding peptide (P-15) is superior to anorganic bovine mineral alone in the treatment of periodontal osseous defects. However, the molecular interactions between P-15 and periodontal ligament fibroblasts remain unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS We first compared the in vitro osteogenic activities between periodontal ligament fibroblasts cultured with anorganic bovine mineral alone and with the P-15/anorganic bovine mineral combination. We then harvested the periodontal ligament cell lysate, incubated it with various graft materials, and then washed it to remove unbound proteins. The bound proteins were eluted from graft materials and analyzed using electrophoresis, followed by mass spectrometry and then western blotting. Finally, a neutralizing antibody against one bound protein was added to the cell cultures to repeat the osteogenic assays to clarify its role in the in vitro effects of the P-15/anorganic bovine mineral combination. RESULTS Cells treated with P-15/anorganic bovine mineral were more viable and showed greater osteogenic activities than cells treated with anorganic bovine mineral alone and the no-graft control. Annexin II, a mineralization-associated protein, bound to P-15/anorganic bovine mineral significantly more than to anorganic bovine mineral alone. The addition of neutralizing antibody for annexin II decreased the osteogenic activities of the P-15/anorganic bovine mineral combination. CONCLUSION Annexin II of periodontal ligament fibroblasts interacted with the peptide of P-15, and was partially responsible for better in vitro osteogenesis in the P-15 graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yuan
- Institute of Oral Medicine and Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, National Cheng Kung University, and Department of Dentistry, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Abstract
This paper presents several examples of recent work in the field of surface modification and characterization of biomaterials. Due to the explosion of techniques and approaches in this area, a complete review would be unmanageable in a single paper. Rather selected examples taken from such different areas as bone-contacting devices, drug eluting stents, and immobilization of novel biomolecules are presented. The aim is to place the existing and quickly developing background of analytical and synthetic biomaterial surface science into the current perspective of this rapidly evolving discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Morra
- Nobil Bio Ricerche S.r.l, Villafranca d'Asti - Italy.
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25
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Rocha LB, Adam RL, Leite NJ, Metze K, Rossi MA. Biomineralization of polyanionic collagen–elastin matrices during cavarial bone repair. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 79:237-45. [PMID: 16817211 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The polyanionic collagen-elastin matrices (PCEMs) are osteoconductive scaffolds that present high biocompatibility and efficacy in the regeneration of bone defects. In this study, the objective was to determine if these matrices are directly mineralized during the osteogenesis process and their influence in the organization of the new bone extracellular matrix. Samples of three PCEMs, differing in their charge density, were implanted into critical-sized calvarial bone defects created in rats and evaluated from 3 days up to 1 year after implantation. The implanted PCEMs were directly biomineralized by osteoblasts as shown by ultrastructural, histoenzymologic, and morphologic analysis. The removal of the implants occurred during the bone remodeling process. The organization of the new bone matrix was evaluated by image texture analysis determining the Shannon's entropy and the fractal dimension of digital images. The bone matrix complexity decreased as the osteogenesis progressed approaching the values obtained for the original bone structure. These results show that the PCEMs allow faster formation of new bone by direct biomineralization of its structure and skipping the biomaterial resorption phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenaldo B Rocha
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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26
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Abstract
The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of type I collagen sponge on the healing of bone defects. In this study, six adult male rabbits were used. After the induction of general anesthesia with intraperitoneal kethamine, the anterior surfaces of tibias of the rabbits were surgically exposed, and two holes with 4 mm in diameter were prepared on each tibia for the investigation. Only one hole in each tibia was filled with type I collagen, the other unfilled hole was used as control. During the study, radiopacity changes in the radiographs of the tibias of the rabbits were evaluated. The animals were killed on the 28th day, and histologic sections of the tibias were prepared. On the 28th day, it was histopathologically observed that collagen cavities were filled with new bone. In addition, it was determined that there was an increase in radiopacity of the defect areas from 14 to 28 days in both groups, and there were statistically a significant difference between control and collagen groups (P = 0.0001). In this study, consequently, it was determined that type I collagen sponge in the experimental cavities provides a more rapid regeneration of bone defects compared with non-filled cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Gungormus
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Fuerst G, Reinhard G, Tangl S, Mittlböck M, Sanroman F, Watzek G. Effect of platelet-released growth factors and collagen type I on osseous regeneration of mandibular defects. A pilot study in minipigs. J Clin Periodontol 2004; 31:784-90. [PMID: 15312102 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2004.00561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of platelet-released growth factors (PRGF) and collagen type I on bone defect healing in minipig mandibles. MATERIAL AND METHODS In eight adult minipigs defects were trephined in the facial mandibular wall from extra-oral and filled with collagen+PRGF or with collagen alone. Control defects were left untreated. PRGF were defined as the supernatants obtained after centrifugation of washed, thrombin-activated allogenic cells of platelet-rich plasma. The animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks. For histological analysis, undecalcified ground specimens stained with the Levai-Laczko stain were used. RESULTS For the entire follow-up, the amount of newly formed bone was 35.49 +/- 3.84% in the collagen+PRGF group, 46.34 +/- 3.84% in the collagen-only group and 33.83 +/- 4.11% in the controls. The differences between the collagen+PRGF and the collagen-only group (p = 0.0343), and between the collagen-only group and the controls (p = 0.0305) were significant. Histologically, defects filled with collagen+PRGF showed inflammatory reactions at 4 weeks, and new bone formation near the remnants of the filler collagen was reduced. CONCLUSION The data suggest that collagen type I alone, but not its combination with PRGF can support the early stages of cortical bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Fuerst
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Vienna School of Dentistry, Vienna, Austria.
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28
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Morra M, Cassinelli C, Cascardo G, Cahalan P, Cahalan L, Fini M, Giardino R. Surface engineering of titanium by collagen immobilization. Surface characterization and in vitro and in vivo studies. Biomaterials 2003; 24:4639-54. [PMID: 12951007 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(03)00360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Collagen was covalently linked to the surface of Titanium (Ti) by a surface modification process involving deposition of a thin film from hydrocarbon plasma followed by acrylic acid grafting. The composition and properties of surface-modified Ti were investigated by a number of surface sensitive techniques: XPS, ATR-IR, atomic force microscopy and AFM force-separation curves. In vitro tests were performed to check samples cytotoxicity and the behavior of osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells. In vivo experiments involved 12 weeks implants in rabbit muscle as general biocompatibility assessment and 1-month implants in rabbit bone to evaluate the effect of surface modification on osteointegration rate. Results of XPS measurements show how surface chemistry is affected throughout each step of the surface modification process, finally leading to a complete and homogeneous collagen overlayer on top of the Ti samples. AFM data clearly display the modification of the surface topography and of the surface area of the samples as a consequence of the grafting and coupling process. AFM force-distance curves show that the interfacial structure responds by shrinking or swelling to variations of ionic force of the surrounding aqueous environment, suggesting that the aqueous interface of the biochemically modified Ti samples has enhanced degrees of freedom as compared to the inorganic surface of plain Ti. As to biological evaluations, the biochemically modified Ti samples are safe in terms of cytotoxicity and in vivo biocompatibility assessment. SaOS-2 cells growth rate is lower on collagen modified surfaces, and no significant difference is detected in terms of alkaline phosphatase production as compared to control Ti. Importantly, implants in rabbit femur show a significant increase of bone growth and bone-to-implant contact in the case of the collagen modified samples, confirming that biochemical modifications of Ti surface can enhance the rate of bone healing as compared to plain Ti.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Morra
- Nobil Bio Ricerche, Str. S. Rocco 36, 14018 Villafranca d'Asti, Italy.
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