Effects of program design on the professional socialization of RN-BSN students

National survey of RN-to-BSN programs

More than 600 RN-to-BSN programs exist in the United States. Little information is available describing many aspects of these programs (e.g., curricula, program length, prerequisites). This study was undertaken to obtain a snapshot of RN-to-BSN education. This review is vital given the rapid growth of these programs and the anticipated increase in number of "completion" students necessary to meet the Institute of Medicine's goal that 80% of RNs be BSN-prepared by 2020. Data were collected and analyzed within general areas, including background information, curriculum, instructional formats, and evaluation. Findings from the survey can be used by educators to evaluate their RN-to-BSN programs and compare them with other programs. Further, evidence of potential weaknesses were identified, and educators are challenged to ensure that encouraging growth, focusing on flexibility, and making programs more user friendly does not result in inferior education. Rather, academic and programmatic rigor must be maintained.

Geriatric care as an introductory pharmacy practice experience

OBJECTIVE

To describe the design, delivery, and impact of a geriatric introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE) to develop students' skills related to consultant pharmacists' roles and patient care responsibilities.

DESIGN

A required 2-unit geriatric IPPE, involving 40 hours in a geriatric-care facility, 5 reflection hours, and 12 classroom-discussion hours, was developed for first- and second-year pharmacy students. Students interviewed patients and caregivers, reviewed patient charts, triaged patient needs, prepared care plans, and performed quality-assurance functions.

ASSESSMENT

After completing the IPPE, students' geriatric- and patient-care abilities were enhanced, based on review of their interactions, care plans, reflections, and examinations, and they demonstrated cognitive, affective, and psychomotor-domain learning skills. Students' care plans and quality assurance activities revealed positive patient outcomes, opportunities for measurable patient health improvement, and a positive impact on quality assurance activities. Student evaluations and feedback from health workers at the facilities also were positive.

CONCLUSIONS

This geriatric IPPE in which students cared for a specific patient and interacted with other health care providers is an innovative approach to enhancing students' abilities to serve the growing geriatric population.

Learning bridge: curricular integration of didactic and experiential education

OBJECTIVES

To assess the impact of a program to integrate introductory pharmacy practice experiences with pharmaceutical science topics by promoting active learning, self-directed learning skills, and critical-thinking skills.

DESIGN

The Learning Bridge, a curriculum program, was created to better integrate the material first-year (P1) students learned in pharmaceutical science courses into their introductory pharmacy practice experiences. Four Learning Bridge assignments required students to interact with their preceptors and answer questions relating to the pharmaceutical science material concurrently covered in their didactic courses.

ASSESSMENT

Surveys of students and preceptors were conducted to measure the effectiveness of the Learning Bridge process. Feedback indicated the Learning Bridge promoted students' interaction with their preceptors as well as development of active learning, self-directed learning, and critical-thinking skills. Students also indicated that the Learning Bridge assignments increased their learning, knowledge of drug information, and comprehension of relevant data in package inserts.

CONCLUSION

The Learning Bridge process integrated the didactic and experiential components of the curriculum, enhancing student learning in both areas, and offered students educational opportunities to interact more with their preceptors.

The RN–BSN Distance Education Experience: From Educational Limbo to More Than an Elusive Degree

This study describes a qualitative study designed to gain an understanding of professional growth as experienced by RN-BSN students taking their program by distance delivery. A convenience sample of senior students enrolled in an RN-BSN program, taking their classes either by live televised broadcast or by online instruction, volunteered to participate in the study. Data were collected through the use of online student discussions that took place over a 2-week period. The discussion was guided by the use of a semistructured interview schedule and facilitated by one member of the research team. Interview questions were posted every 2 to 3 days; additional questions were posted as threads as discussion board comments warranted. RN-BSN students described their pursuit of a BSN as a journey of being and becoming a professional. Although students already felt "professional," the impetus for the journey could be traced to the overriding theme of "falling short as a professional." RN-BSN students described their beginning journey toward the baccalaureate degree as an "educational limbo," out of which they moved with discovery of the RN-BSN distance program. What began as pursuit of an elusive degree that was expected to produce minimal change became more as RN-BSN students evolved as professionals along many dimensions. The implications of these findings for the development and design of curricular and pedagogical approaches to better serve the needs of this unique group of learners will be addressed.