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Riccardi F, Catapano S, Cottone G, Zilio D, Vaienti L. Esthetic and Functional Improvement of Asymmetric Lower Limb Overgrowth in a Proteus Syndrome Patient: a Combined Surgical Technique. Indian J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-021-02773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractProteus syndrome is a rare, sporadic, congenital syndrome that causes asymmetric and disproportionate overgrowth of limbs, connective tissue nevi, epidermal nevi, alteration of adipose tissue, and vascular malformations. Genetic mosaicism, such as activating mutations involving protein kinase AKT1, phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3-K), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), may be important causes of Proteus syndrome. However, many patients have no evidence of mutations in these genes. Currently, the diagnosis is clinical and based on phenotypic features. This article reports a case of Proteus syndrome in a 14-year-old female patient who presented with linear epidermal nevi, viscera anomalies, and adipose tissue dysregulation. She showed an asymmetric progressive overgrowth of the right lower limb after birth bringing relevant functional and esthetic consequences. Therefore, she asked a plastic surgery consultation and a surgical treatment with a combined technique was planned. With our approach, we were able to reduce leg diameter and improve joint mobility reliably and safely with satisfying esthetic results.
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Friedrich RE. Phenotype and Surgical Treatment in a Case of Proteus Syndrome With Craniofacial and Oral Findings. In Vivo 2021; 35:1583-1594. [PMID: 33910840 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Proteus syndrome is a sporadic disease that is particularly noticeable due to the disproportional growth of body segments. The disease is a genetic mosaic. The mutations can arise from any of the germ layers, an explanation of the very variable phenotype. The aim of this report is to communicate the diagnosis and management of an unusual case of Proteus Syndrome with special attention to oral and craniofacial findings. CASE REPORT A 15-year-old patient was referred for surgical treatment of pronounced skull malformations and correction of oral mucosal hyperplasia. Treatment caused significant improvement in facial appearance and oral soft tissue conditions. CONCLUSION Surgical measures adapted to the local findings and symptoms can often relieve severe disfigurement of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard E Friedrich
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Eppendorf University Hospital, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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John J, Sood V, Kesner K, Sinha S. Proteus syndrome: Rare cause of life-threatening haematuria. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/20514158211002955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Proteus syndrome is an extremely rare sporadic hamartomatous condition characterized by random overgrowth of connective, epidermal and bony tissue. Involvement of the genitourinary system in PS is extremely rare and if present, are usually caused by enlarging cysts or neoplasms. Infrequent reports of testicular, renal and bladder involvement have been reported. The involvement of the bladder is predominantly due to vascular malformations with only three previous cases reported in literature. We report the fourth case – one of a 14-year-old male with known Proteus syndrome that presented to the emergency unit with life threatening haematuria. He appeared acutely ill in haemorrhagic shock with a haemoglobin of 4.3 g/dL on index presentation. Initial acute management involved aggressive resuscitation of the patient with intravenous fluids and blood transfusion. Cystoscopy revealed an actively-bleeding extensive venous anomalies of the bladder wall that were successfully-sealed with electrocautery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff John
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Frere Hospital and Walter Sisulu University, South Africa
| | - Vishesh Sood
- Department of Radiology, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ken Kesner
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Frere Hospital and Walter Sisulu University, South Africa
| | - Sunil Sinha
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Chen Y, Qi W, Huang H. Selection of anesthesia for lower extremity surgery of patients with Proteus Syndrome. J Clin Anesth 2019; 55:79-82. [PMID: 30599424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haiming Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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Bertanha M, Moura R, Sobreira ML, Pereira LMS, Jaldin RG, Segredo MPDF, Rollo HA, Yoshida WB. Desafios clínicos e psicossociais no tratamento de um paciente com síndrome de Proteus. J Vasc Bras 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1677-5449.005615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo A Síndrome de Proteus é uma rara associação de malformações que podem afetar vários tecidos e órgãos. É caracterizada por macrodactilia bilateral, hipertrofia craniana, anomalias ósseas, escoliose, hamartomas de tecidos moles, nevo verrucoso pigmentar, anormalidades viscerais e outras hipertrofias. Há pouco mais de 200 casos notificados em todo o mundo. O presente artigo relata a evolução clínica de um paciente pediátrico com essa síndrome. A criança apresentou desnutrição grave associada ao extremo gigantismo de membros inferiores. Além disso, apresentou repercussões psicossociais relacionadas à exclusão social. A doença tornou-se mais grave e progrediu como síndrome consumptiva. Finalmente, os pais concordaram com a amputação dos membros inferiores hipertróficos. Um ano após as amputações, a criança estava totalmente reabilitada, protetizada dos membros amputados, com melhora nutricional, além de apresentar notória recuperação psicológica e reinserção social, o que representou melhora significativa da qualidade de vida para o paciente.
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Sethi D. Proteus syndrome: what the anesthetist should know. J Clin Anesth 2015; 27:419-22. [PMID: 25921368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2015.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Proteus syndrome (PS), a rare hamartomatous disorder, manifests itself in asymmetric and disproportionate overgrowth of multiple body tissues. Because of complexity of the disorder, the anesthetic problems encountered during patients' perioperative management are very varied. We discuss the case of a 14-year-old adolescent boy diagnosed with PS who underwent corrective osteotomy of right knee joint under subarachnoid block. The salient points the anesthetists need to be aware of while caring for patients with PS are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sethi
- Department of Anesthesia, Employees' State Insurance Postgraduate Institute of Medical, Sciences and Research (ESI PGIMSR), New Delhi, 110015, India.
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El Hassani Y, Jenny B, Pittet-Cuenod B, Bottani A, Scolozzi P, Ozsahin Ayse H, Rilliet B. Proteus syndrome revealing itself after the treatment of a bilateral subdural haematoma. Childs Nerv Syst 2013; 29:1927-31. [PMID: 23559393 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-013-2090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertrophy of the calvarium has different aetiologies, among them the rare Proteus syndrome. CASE REPORT We report here the case of a young girl initially treated for relapsing right then left large chronic subdural haematoma, who progressively developed craniofacial hypertrophy consistent with the diagnosis of Proteus syndrome. Calvarium hypertrophy was shaved and remodelled combining midface advancement, essentially for cosmetic purposes. During the first calvarium remodelling, important bleeding of the bone required large volume of blood replacement. Haemostasis workup revealed platelets aggregation anomalies. Bleeding issues during subsequent surgeries were controlled with tranexamic acid and desmopressin acetate. DISCUSSION Other manifestations of Proteus syndrome, such as a right hypertrophy of the face with hypoplasia of its middle third, a pigmented epidermal nevus and asymmetric limbs and scoliosis, appeared progressively over time. Blood and fibroblast phosphatase and tensin homolog mutation was not found. CONCLUSION Literature review of operated patients with Proteus syndrome did not reveal an association with platelets anomalies. A complete haemostasis workup following this unexpected haemorrhagic complication is recommended for this rare pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine El Hassani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4 (ex-rue Micheli-du-Crest 24), 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland,
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Erginel B, Akin M, Yildiz A, Karadag C, Sever N, Tanik C, Erturk M, Dokucu AI. Proteus syndrome: report of intra-abdominal lipomatosis. European J Pediatr Surg Rep 2013; 1:38-40. [PMID: 25755949 PMCID: PMC4335946 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1343078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteus syndrome (PS) is an extremely rare sporadic disorder that manifests as an asymmetric, disproportionate overgrowth of any connective tissues, such as bone, fat, or epidermal nevi, in a mosaic or patchy pattern. This hamartoneoplastic syndrome was first described by Cohen and Hayden. Its prevalence is approximately 1 per 1,000,000 live births, and intra-abdominal expansion has been reported in no more than 20 cases in the literature. The phenotypes of the patients differ because of the variation in the pattern of the overgrowths, making diagnosis difficult. Extremely large subcutaneous lipomas and internal lipomas, which occur rarely, are one of the presentation phenotypes. Here, we present the second patient in the literature with PS involving the epiploon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Erginel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sisli Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul-Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melih Akin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sisli Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul-Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Yildiz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sisli Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul-Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cetin Karadag
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sisli Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul-Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nihat Sever
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sisli Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul-Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Canan Tanik
- Department of Pathology, Sisli Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul-Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erturk
- Department of Radiology, Sisli Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul-Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Ihsan Dokucu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sisli Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul-Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey
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Wieland I, Tinschert S, Zenker M. High-level somatic mosaicism of AKT1 c.49G>A mutation in skin scrapings from epidermal nevi enables non-invasive molecular diagnosis in patients with Proteus syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:889-91. [PMID: 23436452 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Wieland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Tsue C, Sakamoto Y, Nakajima Y, Kishi K. Potential pitfalls in volume reduction for the treatment of Proteus syndrome. J Surg Case Rep 2012; 2012:13. [PMID: 24960753 PMCID: PMC3649657 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/2012.10.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteus syndrome is a rare congenital hamartomatous condition that is characterised by a wide range of malformations. Skin and skeletal developmental malformations are common and may manifest as significant physical anomalies. However, few reports have discussed surgical treatment. A 37-year-old woman presented with disproportionate enlargement of the right buttock, which required volume reduction. The overgrown tissue was combined with vascular malformations, which in our patient were extremely thick. The patient experienced massive blood loss during the procedure, due to which a blood transfusion was performed. Pathological findings revealed partial lipohyperplasia with venous malformations. Thus, during operations including incomplete excision, massive bleeding is always a possibility, but is not commonly described in these instances.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tsue
- Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Y Sakamoto
- Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Y Nakajima
- Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - K Kishi
- Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
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Connective tissue nevi in children: institutional experience and review. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 67:890-7. [PMID: 22739355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Connective tissue nevi (CTN) are circumscribed hamartomas of the skin in which there is an abnormal mixture of normal components of the dermis that may be sporadic or associated with syndromes such as Buschke-Ollendorff, tuberous sclerosis, and Proteus. OBJECTIVE We sought to specify the clinical and histologic features of CTN in childhood and to propose a diagnostic approach and updated classification. METHODS This was a retrospective study in a tertiary pediatric outpatient population, accessing clinical and histopathological records. RESULTS We classified 114 cases of CTN from 1980 to 2008. LIMITATIONS The majority of cases were confirmed by histopathological examination. Therefore, our series excludes many CTN that were not biopsied. In addition, follow-up was variable. CONCLUSION Our series demonstrates the usefulness of a modified classification for CTN. Biopsy should be done when clinical diagnosis is uncertain, or in multiple lesions. When biopsy is performed it should include normal-appearing skin for comparison and, in Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome, limited anterior-posterior x-rays of the hands, wrists, feet, ankles, knees, and pelvis instead of a full skeletal survey.
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Thomason JL, Abramowsky CR, Rickets RR, Culbertson JH, Clifton MS, Shehata BM. Proteus syndrome: three case reports with a review of the literature. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2012; 31:145-53. [PMID: 22413928 DOI: 10.3109/15513815.2012.656830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Proteus syndrome (PS) is a rare, progressive disorder that manifests as asymmetric, disproportionate overgrowth affecting tissues derived from any germline layer. Cases of PS from 2005-2010 were retrieved from the pathology files at our institution. Two confirmed cases and one possible case of PS were identified. All patients came from different ethnic backgrounds. Patient 1 displayed classic skin and overgrowth lesions. Patient 2 displayed various features, particularly vascular malformations. Patient 3 demonstrated a cerebriform connective tissue nevus alone. These patients demonstrate the spectrum of presentations of PS. Much is left to learn about this disfiguring disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Thomason
- Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, Emory University School ofMedicine, 1405 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Une malformation vasculaire vésicale rare dans le cadre du syndrome de Protée. Prog Urol 2012; 22:132-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ashouri F, Manners J, Rees R. Penile reconstruction for a case of genital lymphoedema secondary to proteus syndrome. ISRN UROLOGY 2011; 2011:431536. [PMID: 22084799 PMCID: PMC3197011 DOI: 10.5402/2011/431536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To our knowledge penile lymphoedema secondary to Proteus syndrome has not previously been reported. Hence we report a case of a 16-year-old male who was referred with features of right hemi-hypertrophy and severe lymphoedema affecting his scrotum and penis. He had previously undergone scrotal reduction surgery at the age of 13, but had since developed worsening penile oedema. His main concern was that of cosmetic appearance prior to sexual debut, and he also complained of erectile dysfunction. An MRI confirmed gross oedema of the penile skin, but normal underlying cavernosal structure, and no other anatomical abnormality. Under general anaesthesia, the entire diseased penile skin was excised. Two full thickness skin grafts were harvested from the axillae, and grafted onto the dorsal and ventral penile shaft respectively. A compressive dressing and urinary catheter was applied for 7 days. Follow-up at 4 months confirmed complete graft take with minimal scarring, and the patient was very satisfied with the cosmetic outcome. He had also noticed a recovery in erectile activity, and feels psychologically and physically more prepared for sexual relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Ashouri
- Department of Urology, RHCH, SO22 5DE Winchester, UK
| | - J. Manners
- Department of Urology, RHCH, SO22 5DE Winchester, UK
| | - R. Rees
- Department of Urology, RHCH, SO22 5DE Winchester, UK
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Litani C, Engel G, Piette WW. Tumescent liposuction in the treatment of hemihyperplasia multiple lipomatosis syndrome. Dermatol Surg 2009; 35:1147-51. [PMID: 19438675 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2009.01205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carin Litani
- Division of Dermatology, Cook County Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Furquim I, Honjo R, Bae R, Andrade W, Santos M, Tannuri U, Kim C. Proteus syndrome: report of a case with recurrent abdominal lipomatosis. J Pediatr Surg 2009; 44:E1-3. [PMID: 19361616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Proteus syndrome (PS) is an extremely rare congenital hamartomatous syndrome that was first delineated by Cohen and Hayden (1). The estimated prevalence is less than 1 per 1,000,000 live births (2). It is a sporadic disorder that causes overgrowth of multiple tissues, especially bone, fat, and other connective tissues in a patchy or mosaic pattern. Subcutaneous as well as internal lipomas that may grow to an enormous size are frequently observed. Nevertheless, among the internal lipomas, abdominal lipomatosis is rare (3), with less than 15 cases reported. Herein, we report the first patient described with this distinctive syndrome associated with lipomatosis involving the epiploon.
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Nogueira RLM, Teixeira RC, Lima MC, Sant'ana E, Santos CF. Apnoea-hypopnoea and mandibular retrusion as uncommon findings associated with Proteus syndrome. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2007; 36:367-71. [PMID: 17699709 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/42508276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aetiology of Proteus syndrome (PS) is yet unclear. This disease includes partial gigantism of the hands and/or feet, nevi, hemihypertrophy due to overgrowth of long bones, subcutaneous tumours, macrocephaly, cranial hyperostosis, and pulmonary and renal abnormalities. This case report is about a 17-year-old boy with two uncommon findings associated with PS: apnoea-hypopnoea and mandibular retrusion. A multidisciplinary team was important to provide professional care for this patient. Dentists and physicians proposed an adjusted treatment plan. Maxillary disjunction was achieved with a combination of orthodontic treatment and surgical procedure. This represented the initial care for malocclusion treatment and also the preparation for orthognathic surgery. The oral maxillofacial surgeon and the otorhinolaryngologist proposed this approach in an attempt to improve pharynx airflow. The patient has been followed for almost 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar A Ali
- Al-Babtain Center for Plastic and Craniofacial Surgery, Iben Sina Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
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Korbmacher H, Tietke M, Rother U, Kahl-Nieke B. Dentomaxillofacial imaging in Proteus syndrome. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2005; 34:251-5. [PMID: 15961602 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/22554007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteus syndrome is a rare condition that involves atypical growth of the bones, skin and head and a variety of other symptoms. Only a few authors have reported on the craniofacial manifestations so far. The authors present a case of a 7-year-old girl with Proteus syndrome in which the facial skeleton showed unilateral overgrowth. The analysis of the radiological evaluation revealed a bialveolar prognathism, a skeletal class III, a dolicocephalic growth pattern and a left convex face scoliosis. On the left side, the lesser wing of the sphenoid was elevated and the ethmoidal cell complex was hypertrophic. The left ramus and body of the mandible were enlarged. The asymmetric dental development with a precocious dental age on the affected side was the most striking feature on the panoramic view. Early diagnosis and therapy depend on clinical evaluation and imaging. Therefore, further evaluations on the craniofacial features of patients with Proteus syndrome are necessary in order to establish a list of characteristic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Korbmacher
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Doherty JK, Maceri DR. Ossicular Discontinuity and Exostoses in Proteus Syndrome: A Case Report. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2005; 114:242-6. [PMID: 15825577 DOI: 10.1177/000348940511400314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteus syndrome (PS) is a rare hamartomatous disorder characterized by mosaic overgrowth of multiple tissues that manifests early in life and is progressive. The presence of unilateral external auditory canal exostoses in a patient who is not a swimmer or surfer is suggestive of PS. However, hearing loss is not a typical feature. Here, we describe exostoses and ossicular discontinuity with conductive hearing loss in a patient with PS. The treatment consisted of canalplasty and ossicular chain reconstruction. A postoperative reduction was demonstrated in the patient's air-bone gap, from 21 dB to 13 dB for the pure tone average (four frequencies) and from 41 dB to 15 dB in the high-frequency range (6,000 to 8,000 Hz). Causes of ossicular discontinuity are discussed. Routine annual audiometric and otolaryngological evaluation should be considered in all patients with temporal bone inyolvement of PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joni K Doherty
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Adolphs N, Tinschert S, Bier J, Klein M. Craniofacial hyperostoses in Proteus syndrome -- a case report. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005; 32:391-4. [PMID: 15555524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2004.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2003] [Accepted: 06/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Description of a patient with a rare syndrome leading to the partial overgrowth of craniofacial bones. CASE REPORT In a 17-year-old female patient with severe hyperostoses of the craniofacial bones asymmetric overgrowth of the right upper and left lower limbs, linear hyperpigmentation of the right arm and a history of regional lipomatosis were found. These manifestations were suggestive of Proteus syndrome. The management of the craniofacial involvement is described and a literature overview presented. CONCLUSION Proteus syndrome is a rare overgrowth syndrome probably related to a somatic mutation that involves craniofacial structures in about 30% of patients. Early diagnosis is required for adequate interdisciplinary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Adolphs
- Department for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Surgical Robotics and Navigation, University of Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Medizinische Fakultät der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany.
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