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Ribeiro G, Carvalho L, Borges J, Prazeres J. The Best Protocol to Treat Equine Skin Wounds by Second Intention Healing: A Scoping Review of the Literature. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1500. [PMID: 38791717 PMCID: PMC11117370 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Equine skin wound treatment continues to be a challenge for veterinarians. Despite being a frequent practice, it remains difficult to choose an evidence-based treatment protocol. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the literature and provide a scoping review of therapeutic strategies for equine skin wounds and identify knowledge gaps and opportunities for future research. This review was conducted using specific criteria to select literature that described methods to manage second intention wound healing. After removing duplicates and screening papers for suitability, 81 manuscripts were included for data extraction. Of these, 59 articles were experimental studies, 10 were case reports, 9 were case series, and 3 were clinical studies. The most frequent wound location was the distal limbs. Macroscopic assessment was the main tool used to evaluate treatment effectiveness. All of the case reports, case series, and clinical studies reported positive outcomes with regard to the treatment used, while only 36% of the experimental studies found significant healing improvement in treated wounds compared to control groups. It was found that there are many treatments that have exhibited controversial results, and there exists a lack of evidence for the adoption of specific treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesiane Ribeiro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (L.C.); (J.B.); (J.P.)
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University—Lisbon University Centre, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Carvalho
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (L.C.); (J.B.); (J.P.)
| | - João Borges
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (L.C.); (J.B.); (J.P.)
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Évora University, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - José Prazeres
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (L.C.); (J.B.); (J.P.)
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2
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Helal IE, Al-Abbadi HA, El-Daharawy MH, Ahmed MF. Enhancement of chronic wound healing with maltodextrin/ascorbic acid gel: a clinical evaluation of distal limb wounds in horses. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:997-1007. [PMID: 36287738 PMCID: PMC9574608 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Delayed healing associated with distal limb wounds is highly challenging in
equine clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate healing rates between
chronic non-granulating wounds of horse distal limbs that were treated with
maltodextrin/ascorbic acid gel alone or in combination with povidone-iodine 1%
solution and those treated with povidone-iodine 1% only throughout the study
period (35 days) in clinical settings. The study was conducted on 18 adult
horses (3–15 years old). Based on the treatment regimen utilized, the
horses were divided into three groups (n = 6), with each group having a similar
mean wound area. The percentages of wound contraction, epithelialization, and
overall wound healing were determined weekly for each wound. By the end of the
study, the total wound healing percentage was significantly increased between
the study groups (p < 0.05). The use of
maltodextrin/ascorbic acid gel resulted in considerable wound contraction, rapid
epithelialization, and complication-free wound healing. Based on the findings of
this study, maltodextrin/ascorbic acid gel, independently or in combination with
a 1% povidone-iodine solution, might be applied as a safe and effective wound
healing promoting agent in horses with chronic non-granulating wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim E. Helal
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and
Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal
University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt,Equestrian Center Clinic, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah 80212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatim A. Al-Abbadi
- University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine,
King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H. El-Daharawy
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and
Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal
University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud F. Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and
Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal
University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt,Corresponding author: Mahmoud F.
Ahmed, Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt., Tel:
+20-64-320-7052, E-mail:
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3
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Anantama NA, Du Cheyne C, Martens A, Roth SP, Burk J, De Spiegelaere W, Michler JK. The granulation (t)issue: A narrative and scoping review of basic and clinical research of the equine distal limb exuberant wound healing disorder. Vet J 2022; 280:105790. [PMID: 35093532 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Exuberant granulation tissue (EGT) is often observed during second intention wound healing in horses. Despite its impact on wound care, the basic mechanisms leading to EGT are still unclear and effective strategies to prevent and/or treat EGT are lacking. The development of EGT is a poorly understood, multifactorial process involving hyperproliferating fibroblasts and malfunctional differentiation of keratinocytes, suboptimal wound contraction, dysfunctional vascularisation, and chronic inflammation. To consolidate and describe basic and clinical research literature on EGT and to identify knowledge gaps and opportunities for future research, a search was systematically conducted using predefined search terms. Subsequently, a scoping review was conducted using specific criteria to select the peer-reviewed literature that described methods to treat and/or prevent EGT. Proposed mechanisms of effects as well as results and main conclusions were extracted and tabulated. The systematic search resulted in 1062 publications in PubMed and 767 in Web of Science. Twenty additional studies were later included. Of these, 327 studies were reviewed for the narrative review on basic research and 35 controlled clinical trials were eligible for the scoping review. All 35 studies were conducted in university hospitals, and all but one involved surgically induced non-infected wounds. The study population was predominantly horses (n = 230) with a small number of ponies (n = 18) and donkeys (n = 14). In conclusion, there remains a strong need for evidence-based recommendations on EGT treatment, preferably using multi-centre studies that represent the general population of horses, include higher numbers of animals, and are performed in naturally occurring wounds. This narrative and scoping review also emphasises the importance of incorporating basic research knowledge in the study design of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ayurini Anantama
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 43, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Charis Du Cheyne
- Department of Morphology, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ann Martens
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Susanne Pauline Roth
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department for Horses, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janina Burk
- Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopedics), Giessen University, Frankfurter Str. 108, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Ward De Spiegelaere
- Department of Morphology, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jule Kristin Michler
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 43, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Sparks HD, Sigaeva T, Tarraf S, Mandla S, Pope H, Hee O, Di Martino ES, Biernaskie J, Radisic M, Scott WM. Biomechanics of Wound Healing in an Equine Limb Model: Effect of Location and Treatment with a Peptide-Modified Collagen-Chitosan Hydrogel. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 7:265-278. [PMID: 33342210 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The equine distal limb wound healing model, characterized by delayed re-epithelialization and a fibroproliferative response to wounding similar to that observed in humans, is a valuable tool for the study of biomaterials poised for translation into both the veterinary and human medical markets. In the current study, we developed a novel method of biaxial biomechanical testing to assess the functional outcomes of healed wounds in a modified equine model and discovered significant functional and structural differences in both unwounded and injured skin at different locations on the distal limb that must be considered when using this model in future work. Namely, the medial skin was thicker and displayed earlier collagen engagement, medial wounds experienced a greater proportion of wound contraction during closure, and proximal wounds produced significantly more exuberant granulation tissue. Using this new knowledge of the equine model of aberrant wound healing, we then investigated the effect of a peptide-modified collagen-chitosan hydrogel on wound healing. Here, we found that a single treatment with the QHREDGS (glutamine-histidine-arginine-glutamic acid-aspartic acid-glycine-serine) peptide-modified hydrogel (Q-peptide hydrogel) resulted in a higher rate of wound closure and was able to modulate the biomechanical function toward a more compliant healed tissue without observable negative effects. Thus, we conclude that the use of a Q-peptide hydrogel provides a safe and effective means of improving the rate and quality of wound healing in a large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly D Sparks
- Department of Veterinary Clinical & Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Taisiya Sigaeva
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.,Department of Civil Engineering and Centre for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Samar Tarraf
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Serena Mandla
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S3G9, Canada.,Toronto General Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Hannah Pope
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Olivia Hee
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Elena S Di Martino
- Department of Civil Engineering and Centre for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S3G9, Canada.,Toronto General Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S3G9, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S3G9, Canada
| | - W Michael Scott
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
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Lawless SP, Cohen ND, Lawhon SD, Chamoun-Emanuelli AM, Wu J, Rivera-Vélez A, Weeks BR, Whitfield-Cargile CM. Effect of gallium maltolate on a model of chronic, infected equine distal limb wounds. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235006. [PMID: 32559258 PMCID: PMC7304909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Distal limb wounds are common injuries sustained by horses and their healing is fraught with complications due to equine anatomy, prevalence of infection, and challenges associated with wound management. Gallium is a semi-metallic element that has been shown to possess antimicrobial properties and aid in wound healing in various preclinical models. The effects of Gallium have not been studied in equine wound healing. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare healing rates between gallium-treated and untreated wounds of equine distal limbs and to demonstrate the antimicrobial effects of gallium on wounds inoculated with S. aureus. Using an established model of equine wound healing we demonstrated beneficial effects of 0.5% topical gallium maltolate on equine wound healing. Specifically we documented reduced healing times, reduced bioburden, and reduced formation of exuberant granulation tissue in wounds treated with gallium maltolate as compared with untreated wounds. Gallium appeared to exert its beneficial effects via its well-described antimicrobial actions as well as by altering the expression of specific genes known to be involved in wound healing of horses and other animals. Specifically, gallium maltolate appeared to increase expression of transforming growth factor-β in both infected and un-infected wounds. Further work is needed to document the effects of gallium on naturally occurring equine wounds and to compare the effects of gallium with other wound treatment options. These data, however, suggest that gallium may be an attractive and novel means of improving equine distal limb wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna P. Lawless
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Noah D. Cohen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sara D. Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ana M. Chamoun-Emanuelli
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jing Wu
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrés Rivera-Vélez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Brad R. Weeks
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Canaan M. Whitfield-Cargile
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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6
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Howard DJ, Anderson SL, Nahar VK. A Preliminary Study on Second-Intention Healing of Full-Thickness Wounds on Equine Distal Forelimbs Treated With Maltodextrin. J Equine Vet Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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7
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Alkhilaiwi F, Wang L, Zhou D, Raudsepp T, Ghosh S, Paul S, Palechor-Ceron N, Brandt S, Luff J, Liu X, Schlegel R, Yuan H. Long-term expansion of primary equine keratinocytes that maintain the ability to differentiate into stratified epidermis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:181. [PMID: 29973296 PMCID: PMC6032561 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin injuries in horses frequently lead to chronic wounds that lack a keratinocyte cover essential for healing. The limited proliferation of equine keratinocytes using current protocols has limited their use for regenerative medicine. Previously, equine induced pluripotent stem cells (eiPSCs) have been produced, and eiPSCs could be differentiated into equine keratinocytes suitable for stem cell-based skin constructs. However, the procedure is technically challenging and time-consuming. The present study was designed to evaluate whether conditional reprogramming (CR) could expand primary equine keratinocytes rapidly in an undifferentiated state but retain their ability to differentiate normally and form stratified epithelium. METHODS Conditional reprogramming was used to isolate and propagate two equine keratinocyte cultures. PCR and FISH were employed to evaluate the equine origin of the cells and karyotyping to perform a chromosomal count. FACS analysis and immunofluorescence were used to determine the purity of equine keratinocytes and their proliferative state. Three-dimensional air-liquid interphase method was used to test the ability of cells to differentiate and form stratified squamous epithelium. RESULTS Conditional reprogramming was an efficient method to isolate and propagate two equine keratinocyte cultures. Cells were propagated at the rate of 2.39 days/doubling for more than 40 population doublings. A feeder-free culture method was also developed for long-term expansion. Rock-inhibitor is critical for both feeder and feeder-free conditions and for maintaining the proliferating cells in a stem-like state. PCR and FISH validated equine-specific markers in the cultures. Karyotyping showed normal equine 64, XY chromosomes. FACS using pan-cytokeratin antibodies showed a pure population of keratinocytes. When ROCK inhibitor was withdrawn and the cells were transferred to a three-dimensional air-liquid culture, they formed a well-differentiated stratified squamous epithelium, which was positive for terminal differentiation markers. CONCLUSIONS Our results prove that conditional reprogramming is the first method that allows for the rapid and continued in vitro propagation of primary equine keratinocytes. These unlimited supplies of autologous cells could be used to generate transplants without the risk of immune rejection. This offers the opportunity for treating recalcitrant horse wounds using autologous transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Alkhilaiwi
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057 USA
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057 USA
- College of Pharmacy, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Liqing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057 USA
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057 USA
| | - Terje Raudsepp
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Sharmila Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Siddartha Paul
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057 USA
| | - Nancy Palechor-Ceron
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057 USA
| | - Sabine Brandt
- Equine Clinic, VetOMICs Core Facility, Veterinary University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jennifer Luff
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057 USA
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057 USA
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057 USA
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Tsang AS, Dart AJ, Sole-Guitart A, Dart CM, Perkins NR, Jeffcott LB. Comparison of the effects of topical application of UMF20 and UMF5 manuka honey with a generic multifloral honey on wound healing variables in an uncontaminated surgical equine distal limb wound model. Aust Vet J 2017; 95:333-337. [PMID: 28714567 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of application of manuka honey with unique manuka factor (UMF) 5 or 20 with a generic multifloral honey on equine wound healing variables. METHODS Two full-thickness skin wounds (2.5 × 2.5 cm) were created on the metatarsus of both hindlimbs of eight Standardbred horses. The wounds on each horse were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: UMF20 (UMF20) and UMF5 (UMF5) manuka honey; generic multifloral honey (GH); and a saline control. Bandages were changed daily for 12 days, after which treatment was stopped and the bandages were removed. Wound area was measured on day 1, then weekly until day 42. Overall wound healing rate (cm2 /day) and time to complete healing were recorded. RESULTS There was no difference in wound area for any of the treatments on any measurement day except for day 21, where the mean wound area for wounds treated with UMF20 was smaller than the mean wound area for the UMF5-treated wounds (P = 0.031). There was no difference in mean (± SE) overall healing rate (cm2 /day) among the treatment groups. There were differences in mean (± SE) days to complete healing. Wounds treated with UMF20 healed faster than wounds treated with GH (P = 0.02) and control wounds (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Treatment of wounds with UMF20 reduced overall wound healing time compared with wounds treated with GH and control wounds. However, using this model the difference in the overall time to complete healing was small.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Tsang
- Research and Clinical Trials Unit, University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden, University of Sydney, 410 Werombi Road, Camden, New South Wales 2570, Australia
| | - A J Dart
- Research and Clinical Trials Unit, University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden, University of Sydney, 410 Werombi Road, Camden, New South Wales 2570, Australia
| | - A Sole-Guitart
- Research and Clinical Trials Unit, University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden, University of Sydney, 410 Werombi Road, Camden, New South Wales 2570, Australia
| | - C M Dart
- Research and Clinical Trials Unit, University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden, University of Sydney, 410 Werombi Road, Camden, New South Wales 2570, Australia
| | - N R Perkins
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - L B Jeffcott
- Research and Clinical Trials Unit, University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden, University of Sydney, 410 Werombi Road, Camden, New South Wales 2570, Australia
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9
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Bischofberger AS, Tsang AS, Horadagoda N, Dart CM, Perkins NR, Jeffcott LB, Jackson CJ, Dart AJ. Effect of activated protein C in second intention healing of equine distal limb wounds: a preliminary study. Aust Vet J 2016; 93:361-6. [PMID: 26412117 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of activated protein C (APC) on second intention healing of distal limb wounds in horses. METHODS In this experimental study of eight Standardbred geldings, six full-thickness skin wounds (2 × 1.5 cm) were created on one metacarpus (biopsy limb) and five similar wounds were created on the contralateral metacarpus (photographed limb). Three wounds on the biopsy limb were treated topically with 190 µg APC on days 1, 3, 6 and 9, while the remaining three wounds were untreated (control). One treated and one control wound were biopsied on days 4, 7 and 11 for histopathology. Wounds on the photographed limb were treated with either 66% Manuka honey gel, a commercial antibiotic ointment (bacitracin-neomycin-polymixin B ointment; BNP) or petrolatum daily throughout healing, treated on days 1,3,6 and 9 with 190 µg APC or left untreated. These wounds were digitally photographed and the wound area measured on day 1, then weekly until day 49. Overall time to healing was recorded. RESULTS There was no effect of APC on wound size, the rate of healing or the overall time to heal. However, compared with control wounds, histological scoring demonstrated enhanced epithelialisation (day 4) and angiogenesis (day 11). Wound healing variables for wounds treated with APC, Manuka honey gel and control wounds were not different and the variables for wounds treated with BNP and petrolatum demonstrated delayed healing. CONCLUSION The improvements in histological scores in APC-treated wounds suggest further study into the effect of APC on second intention wound healing in horses is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Bischofberger
- Research and Clinical Trials Unit, University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden, University of Sydney, 410 Werombi Road, Camden, New South Wales, 2570, Australia
| | - A S Tsang
- Research and Clinical Trials Unit, University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden, University of Sydney, 410 Werombi Road, Camden, New South Wales, 2570, Australia
| | - N Horadagoda
- Research and Clinical Trials Unit, University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden, University of Sydney, 410 Werombi Road, Camden, New South Wales, 2570, Australia
| | - C M Dart
- Research and Clinical Trials Unit, University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden, University of Sydney, 410 Werombi Road, Camden, New South Wales, 2570, Australia
| | - N R Perkins
- Ausvet Animal Health Services, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - L B Jeffcott
- Research and Clinical Trials Unit, University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden, University of Sydney, 410 Werombi Road, Camden, New South Wales, 2570, Australia
| | - C J Jackson
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - A J Dart
- Research and Clinical Trials Unit, University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden, University of Sydney, 410 Werombi Road, Camden, New South Wales, 2570, Australia.
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10
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Bischofberger AS, Dart CM, Perkins NR, Kelly A, Jeffcott L, Dart AJ. The Effect of Short- and Long-Term Treatment with Manuka Honey on Second Intention Healing of Contaminated and Noncontaminated Wounds on the Distal Aspect of the Forelimbs in Horses. Vet Surg 2012; 42:154-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2012.01083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S. Bischofberger
- Biomedical Research and Clinical Trials Unit; University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden; University of Sydney; Camden; Australia
| | - Christina M. Dart
- Biomedical Research and Clinical Trials Unit; University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden; University of Sydney; Camden; Australia
| | | | - Ashley Kelly
- Biomedical Research and Clinical Trials Unit; University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden; University of Sydney; Camden; Australia
| | - Leo Jeffcott
- Biomedical Research and Clinical Trials Unit; University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden; University of Sydney; Camden; Australia
| | - Andrew J. Dart
- Biomedical Research and Clinical Trials Unit; University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden; University of Sydney; Camden; Australia
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11
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Bischofberger AS, Dart CM, Perkins NR, Dart AJ. A Preliminary Study on the Effect of Manuka Honey on Second-Intention Healing of Contaminated Wounds on the Distal Aspect of the Forelimbs of Horses. Vet Surg 2011; 40:898-902. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2011.00886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S. Bischofberger
- Biomedical Research and Clinical Trials Unit; University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sydney; Camden; Australia
| | - Christina M. Dart
- Biomedical Research and Clinical Trials Unit; University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sydney; Camden; Australia
| | | | - Andrew J. Dart
- Biomedical Research and Clinical Trials Unit; University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sydney; Camden; Australia
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12
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Dart AJ, Perkins NR, Dart CM, Jeffcott LB, Canfield P. Effect of bandaging on second intention healing of wounds of the distal limb in horses. Aust Vet J 2009; 87:215-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tablin F, Walker NJ, Hogle SE, Pratt SM, Norris JW. Assessment of platelet growth factors in supernatants from rehydrated freeze-dried equine platelets and their effects on fibroblasts in vitro. Am J Vet Res 2008; 69:1512-9. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.69.11.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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de Graaf‐Roelfsema E, Keizer H, van Breda E, Wijnberg I, van der Kolk J. Hormonal responses to acute exercise, training and overtraining a review with emphasis on the horse. Vet Q 2007; 29:82-101. [DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2007.9695232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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Dart AJ, Dowling BA, Smith CL. Topical treatments in equine wound management. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2005; 21:77-89, vi-vii. [PMID: 15691601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2004.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound repair is a complex series of coordinated events regulated by a delicately orchestrated cascade of cytokines and growth factors that restore the structural integrity of damaged tissue. Manipulation of the growth factor profile or wound environment through topical application of therapeutic agents could positively influence the rate and quality of wound repair. Transforming growth factor-beta,platelet-rich plasma, activated macrophage supernatant, and growth hormone are sources of mediators that may facilitate wound healing. Solcoseryl, ketanserin, tripeptide- and tetrapeptide-copper complexes, maltodextrin, live yeast cell derivative, corticosteroids,aloe vera, acemannan, phenytoin, honey, sugar, and maggots may modify the wound environment and promote repair. The process of wound healing is complex, however, and it is currently unknown whether any one agent can ameliorate all issues of repair or cover all vulnerabilities of impaired wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Dart
- University Veterinary Centre Camden, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Werombi Road, Camden, New South Wales 2570, Australia.
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Dart AJ, Little CB, Hughes CE, Chu O, Dowling BA, Hodgson DR, Rose RJ, Johnson KA. Recombinant equine growth hormone administration: effects on synovial fluid biomarkers and cartilage metabolism in horses. Equine Vet J 2003; 35:302-7. [PMID: 12755435 DOI: 10.2746/042516403776148165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Recombinant equine growth hormone (reGH) has recently been evaluated for effects on body condition and wound healing. It has the potential to influence articular cartilage via stimulation of IGF-1. OBJECTIVES To investigate effects of administration on synovial joint metabolism. METHODS Six mature horses were given 20 microg/kg bwt reGH daily for 8 weeks by i.m. injection. Three control horses were injected with sterile water. Serum and synovial fluid samples were collected at 6, 8, 11 and 16 weeks for GH and IGF-1 assays. Articular cartilage harvested at week 16 was evaluated by Western analysis using monoclonal antibodies BC-13, BC-4, 8-A-4 and CH-3. RESULTS Concentrations of IGF-1 in serum and synovial fluid were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) at 6 and 8 weeks in the reGH group. Glycosaminoglycan concentrations in synovial fluid were significantly less than controls at these time points, suggesting that reGH may modulate proteoglycan metabolism in articular cartilage. In the reGH group, there were not any alterations in synovial fluid content of 3B3(-) epitope or aggrecan metabolite, or in aggrecan or link protein catabolites retained within cartilage, that might be expected with development of osteoarthritis. CONCLUSIONS Intramuscular administration of reGH may be a more efficient means of delivery of IGF-1 to joints for cartilage resurfacing initiatives. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE We found no alterations in cartilage metabolism indicative of development of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Dart
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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